diff --git a/libs/langgraph/langgraph/_internal/_fields.py b/libs/langgraph/langgraph/_internal/_fields.py
index 6ff3e04d8..4a81de142 100644
--- a/libs/langgraph/langgraph/_internal/_fields.py
+++ b/libs/langgraph/langgraph/_internal/_fields.py
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import dataclasses
 import types
 import weakref
-from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
-from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional, Union, get_origin, get_type_hints
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional, Union, cast, get_origin, get_type_hints
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
 from typing_extensions import NotRequired, ReadOnly, Required
 
 from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
@@ -104,17 +105,10 @@ def get_field_default(name: str, type_: Any, schema: type[Any]) -> Any:
     if isinstance(schema, type) and issubclass(schema, BaseModel):
         if name in schema.model_fields:
             field = schema.model_fields[name]
-            # Check default_factory first (it takes precedence in Pydantic)
             if field.default_factory is not None:
-                return field.default_factory()  # type: ignore[call-arg]
-            # Check if default is set (not PydanticUndefined)
-            if (
-                hasattr(field.default, "__class__")
-                and getattr(field.default.__class__, "__name__", "")
-                == "PydanticUndefinedType"
-            ):
-                pass  # No default, fall through
-            else:
+                factory = cast(Callable[[], Any], field.default_factory)
+                return factory()
+            if field.default is not PydanticUndefined:
                 return field.default
     if dataclasses.is_dataclass(schema):
         field_info = next(
diff --git a/libs/langgraph/langgraph/channels/binop.py b/libs/langgraph/langgraph/channels/binop.py
index b1c1d1666..619ba906c 100644
--- a/libs/langgraph/langgraph/channels/binop.py
+++ b/libs/langgraph/langgraph/channels/binop.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import collections.abc
+import copy
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from typing import Any, Generic
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class BinaryOperatorAggregate(Generic[Value], BaseChannel[Value, Value, Value]):
         if typ in (collections.abc.Mapping, collections.abc.MutableMapping):
             typ = dict
         if default is not MISSING:
-            self.value = default
+            self.value = copy.deepcopy(default)
         else:
             try:
                 self.value = typ()
@@ -78,10 +79,13 @@ class BinaryOperatorAggregate(Generic[Value], BaseChannel[Value, Value, Value]):
 
     def __eq__(self, value: object) -> bool:
         return isinstance(value, BinaryOperatorAggregate) and (
-            value.operator is self.operator
-            if value.operator.__name__ != "<lambda>"
-            and self.operator.__name__ != "<lambda>"
-            else True
+            (
+                value.operator is self.operator
+                if value.operator.__name__ != "<lambda>"
+                and self.operator.__name__ != "<lambda>"
+                else True
+            )
+            and value.default == self.default
         )
 
     @property
diff --git a/libs/langgraph/tests/test_channels.py b/libs/langgraph/tests/test_channels.py
index 4957c7cdb..060e5de77 100644
--- a/libs/langgraph/tests/test_channels.py
+++ b/libs/langgraph/tests/test_channels.py
@@ -122,6 +122,45 @@ def test_binop_with_default() -> None:
     assert channel.get() == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
 
 
+def test_binop_with_default_mutable_safety() -> None:
+    """Mutable defaults should not be shared across channel instances."""
+    default = {"a": 1}
+    ch1 = BinaryOperatorAggregate(dict, operator.or_, default=default).from_checkpoint(
+        MISSING
+    )
+    ch2 = BinaryOperatorAggregate(dict, operator.or_, default=default).from_checkpoint(
+        MISSING
+    )
+
+    # Mutate ch1's value via a reducer that mutates in-place
+    def mutating_reducer(a: dict, b: dict) -> dict:
+        a.update(b)
+        return a
+
+    ch1.operator = mutating_reducer
+    ch1.update([{"b": 2}])
+    assert ch1.get() == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+
+    # ch2 should be unaffected
+    assert ch2.get() == {"a": 1}
+
+    # Original default should be unaffected
+    assert default == {"a": 1}
+
+
+def test_binop_with_default_multi_invoke() -> None:
+    """Defaults should be fresh across multiple from_checkpoint calls."""
+    template = BinaryOperatorAggregate(dict, operator.or_, default={"a": 1})
+
+    # Simulate two separate runs
+    run1 = template.from_checkpoint(MISSING)
+    run1.update([{"b": 2}])
+    assert run1.get() == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+
+    run2 = template.from_checkpoint(MISSING)
+    assert run2.get() == {"a": 1}  # Should NOT see {"b": 2}
+
+
 def test_untracked_value() -> None:
     channel = UntrackedValue(dict).from_checkpoint(MISSING)
     assert channel.ValueType is dict