diff --git a/examples/draft-revise-loop.py b/examples/draft-revise-loop.py
index 28fea5e36..eb90e2872 100644
--- a/examples/draft-revise-loop.py
+++ b/examples/draft-revise-loop.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from langchain.chat_models.openai import ChatOpenAI
 from langchain.output_parsers.openai_functions import JsonOutputFunctionsParser
-from langchain.prompts import SystemMessagePromptTemplate
-from langchain.schema.output_parser import StrOutputParser
+from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser
+from langchain_core.prompts import SystemMessagePromptTemplate
 
 from permchain import Channel, Pregel
 
diff --git a/examples/rag.py b/examples/rag.py
index 14a5a5c50..392288de2 100644
--- a/examples/rag.py
+++ b/examples/rag.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
 from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
-from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate
-from langchain.schema.messages import AIMessage, AnyMessage, FunctionMessage
 from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, AnyMessage, FunctionMessage
+from langchain_core.prompts import PromptTemplate
 
 from permchain import Channel, Pregel
 from permchain.channels import Topic
diff --git a/examples/recursive-web-loader.py b/examples/recursive-web-loader.py
index 5d4b8fae1..346b890c2 100644
--- a/examples/recursive-web-loader.py
+++ b/examples/recursive-web-loader.py
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
 from typing import AsyncGenerator, Callable, FrozenSet, Generator, Optional, TypedDict
 
 import httpx
-from langchain.schema import Document
-from langchain.schema.runnable import RunnableLambda, RunnablePassthrough
-from langchain.utils.html import extract_sub_links
+from langchain_core.documents import Document
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda, RunnablePassthrough
+from langchain_core.utils.html import extract_sub_links
 
 from permchain import Channel, Pregel
 from permchain.channels.context import Context
diff --git a/permchain/channels/base.py b/permchain/channels/base.py
index bd53e37b4..ab951e42e 100644
--- a/permchain/channels/base.py
+++ b/permchain/channels/base.py
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ from typing import (
 
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from permchain.constants import CHECKPOINT_KEY_TS, CHECKPOINT_KEY_VERSION
+from permchain.checkpoint.base import Checkpoint
 
 Value = TypeVar("Value")
 Update = TypeVar("Update")
-Checkpoint = TypeVar("Checkpoint")
+C = TypeVar("C")
 
 
 class EmptyChannelError(Exception):
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class InvalidUpdateError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-class BaseChannel(Generic[Value, Update, Checkpoint], ABC):
+class BaseChannel(Generic[Value, Update, C], ABC):
     @property
     @abstractmethod
     def ValueType(self) -> Any:
@@ -47,14 +47,12 @@ class BaseChannel(Generic[Value, Update, Checkpoint], ABC):
 
     @contextmanager
     @abstractmethod
-    def empty(
-        self, checkpoint: Optional[Checkpoint] = None
-    ) -> Generator[Self, None, None]:
+    def empty(self, checkpoint: Optional[C] = None) -> Generator[Self, None, None]:
         """Return a new identical channel, optionally initialized from a checkpoint."""
 
     @asynccontextmanager
     async def aempty(
-        self, checkpoint: Optional[Checkpoint] = None
+        self, checkpoint: Optional[C] = None
     ) -> AsyncGenerator[Self, None]:
         """Return a new identical channel, optionally initialized from a checkpoint."""
         with self.empty(checkpoint) as value:
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ class BaseChannel(Generic[Value, Update, Checkpoint], ABC):
         Raises EmptyChannelError if the channel is empty (never updated yet)."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def checkpoint(self) -> Checkpoint | None:
+    def checkpoint(self) -> C | None:
         """Return a string representation of the channel's current state.
 
         Raises EmptyChannelError if the channel is empty (never updated yet),
@@ -84,12 +82,13 @@ class BaseChannel(Generic[Value, Update, Checkpoint], ABC):
 @contextmanager
 def ChannelsManager(
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
-    checkpoint: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]],
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
 ) -> Generator[Mapping[str, BaseChannel], None, None]:
     """Manage channels for the lifetime of a Pregel invocation (multiple steps)."""
     # TODO use https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.ExitStack
-    checkpoint = checkpoint or {}
-    empty = {k: v.empty(checkpoint.get(k)) for k, v in channels.items()}
+    empty = {
+        k: v.empty(checkpoint["channel_values"].get(k)) for k, v in channels.items()
+    }
     try:
         yield {k: v.__enter__() for k, v in empty.items()}
     finally:
@@ -100,11 +99,12 @@ def ChannelsManager(
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def AsyncChannelsManager(
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
-    checkpoint: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]],
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
 ) -> AsyncGenerator[Mapping[str, BaseChannel], None]:
     """Manage channels for the lifetime of a Pregel invocation (multiple steps)."""
-    checkpoint = checkpoint or {}
-    empty = {k: v.aempty(checkpoint.get(k)) for k, v in channels.items()}
+    empty = {
+        k: v.aempty(checkpoint["channel_values"].get(k)) for k, v in channels.items()
+    }
     try:
         yield {k: await v.__aenter__() for k, v in empty.items()}
     finally:
@@ -112,15 +112,31 @@ async def AsyncChannelsManager(
             await v.__aexit__(None, None, None)
 
 
-def create_checkpoint(channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel]) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+def create_checkpoint(
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint, channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel]
+) -> Checkpoint:
     """Create a checkpoint for the given channels."""
-    checkpoint = {
-        CHECKPOINT_KEY_VERSION: 1,
-        CHECKPOINT_KEY_TS: datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
-    }
+    checkpoint = Checkpoint(
+        v=1,
+        ts=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+        channel_values=checkpoint["channel_values"],
+        channel_versions=checkpoint["channel_versions"],
+        versions_seen=checkpoint["versions_seen"],
+    )
     for k, v in channels.items():
         try:
-            checkpoint[k] = v.checkpoint()
+            checkpoint["channel_values"][k] = v.checkpoint()
         except EmptyChannelError:
             pass
     return checkpoint
+
+
+def channel_values(channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return a dictionary of channel values."""
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for k, v in channels.items():
+        try:
+            values[k] = v.get()
+        except EmptyChannelError:
+            pass
+    return values
diff --git a/permchain/checkpoint/base.py b/permchain/checkpoint/base.py
index 7c4b96384..b43cea377 100644
--- a/permchain/checkpoint/base.py
+++ b/permchain/checkpoint/base.py
@@ -1,14 +1,35 @@
 import asyncio
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Mapping
+from collections import defaultdict
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any, TypedDict
 
-from langchain.load.serializable import Serializable
-from langchain.schema.runnable import RunnableConfig
-from langchain.schema.runnable.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec
+from langchain_core.load.serializable import Serializable
+from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import Field
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+from langchain_core.runnables.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec
 
 from permchain.utils import StrEnum
 
 
+class Checkpoint(TypedDict):
+    v: int
+    ts: str
+    channel_values: dict[str, Any]
+    channel_versions: defaultdict[str, int]
+    versions_seen: defaultdict[str, defaultdict[str, int]]
+
+
+def empty_checkpoint() -> Checkpoint:
+    return Checkpoint(
+        v=1,
+        ts=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+        channel_values={},
+        channel_versions=defaultdict(int),
+        versions_seen=defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int)),
+    )
+
+
 class CheckpointAt(StrEnum):
     END_OF_STEP = "end_of_step"
     END_OF_RUN = "end_of_run"
@@ -22,17 +43,23 @@ class BaseCheckpointAdapter(Serializable, ABC):
         return []
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Mapping[str, Any] | None:
+    def get(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Checkpoint | None:
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def put(self, config: RunnableConfig, checkpoint: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def put(self, config: RunnableConfig, checkpoint: Checkpoint) -> None:
         ...
 
-    async def aget(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Mapping[str, Any] | None:
+    async def aget(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Checkpoint | None:
         return await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, self.get, config)
 
-    async def aput(self, config: RunnableConfig, checkpoint: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
+    async def aput(self, config: RunnableConfig, checkpoint: Checkpoint) -> None:
         return await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(
             None, self.put, config, checkpoint
         )
+
+
+class CheckpointView(Serializable):
+    values: dict[str, Any] = Field(frozen=True)
+
+    step: int
diff --git a/permchain/checkpoint/memory.py b/permchain/checkpoint/memory.py
index e036c877b..7b150203f 100644
--- a/permchain/checkpoint/memory.py
+++ b/permchain/checkpoint/memory.py
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Mapping
+from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import Field
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+from langchain_core.runnables.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec
 
-from langchain.pydantic_v1 import Field
-from langchain.schema.runnable import RunnableConfig
-from langchain.schema.runnable.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec
-
-from permchain.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointAdapter
+from permchain.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointAdapter, Checkpoint
 
 
 class MemoryCheckpoint(BaseCheckpointAdapter):
-    storage: Dict[str, Mapping[str, Any]] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    storage: dict[str, Checkpoint] = Field(default_factory=dict)
 
     @property
     def config_specs(self) -> list[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
@@ -23,8 +21,8 @@ class MemoryCheckpoint(BaseCheckpointAdapter):
             ),
         ]
 
-    def get(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Mapping[str, Any] | None:
+    def get(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Checkpoint | None:
         return self.storage.get(config["configurable"]["thread_id"], None)
 
-    def put(self, config: RunnableConfig, checkpoint: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def put(self, config: RunnableConfig, checkpoint: Checkpoint) -> None:
         return self.storage.update({config["configurable"]["thread_id"]: checkpoint})
diff --git a/permchain/constants.py b/permchain/constants.py
index bb96e6361..6e5f9c37f 100644
--- a/permchain/constants.py
+++ b/permchain/constants.py
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 CONFIG_KEY_SEND = "__pregel_send"
 CONFIG_KEY_READ = "__pregel_read"
-CHECKPOINT_KEY_VERSION = "__pregel_version"
-CHECKPOINT_KEY_TS = "__pregel_ts"
diff --git a/permchain/pregel/__init__.py b/permchain/pregel/__init__.py
index 3edcc2f14..eff58980b 100644
--- a/permchain/pregel/__init__.py
+++ b/permchain/pregel/__init__.py
@@ -19,23 +19,23 @@ from typing import (
     overload,
 )
 
-from langchain.callbacks.manager import (
+from langchain_core.callbacks.manager import (
     AsyncCallbackManagerForChainRun,
     CallbackManagerForChainRun,
 )
-from langchain.globals import get_debug
-from langchain.pydantic_v1 import BaseModel, Field, create_model, root_validator
-from langchain.schema.runnable import (
+from langchain_core.globals import get_debug
+from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import BaseModel, Field, create_model, root_validator
+from langchain_core.runnables import (
     Runnable,
     RunnableSerializable,
 )
-from langchain.schema.runnable.base import Input, Output, coerce_to_runnable
-from langchain.schema.runnable.config import (
+from langchain_core.runnables.base import Input, Output, coerce_to_runnable
+from langchain_core.runnables.config import (
     RunnableConfig,
     get_executor_for_config,
     patch_config,
 )
-from langchain.schema.runnable.utils import (
+from langchain_core.runnables.utils import (
     ConfigurableFieldSpec,
     get_unique_config_specs,
 )
@@ -45,9 +45,17 @@ from permchain.channels.base import (
     BaseChannel,
     ChannelsManager,
     EmptyChannelError,
+    channel_values,
     create_checkpoint,
 )
-from permchain.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointAdapter, CheckpointAt
+from permchain.channels.last_value import LastValue
+from permchain.checkpoint.base import (
+    BaseCheckpointAdapter,
+    Checkpoint,
+    CheckpointAt,
+    CheckpointView,
+    empty_checkpoint,
+)
 from permchain.constants import CONFIG_KEY_READ, CONFIG_KEY_SEND
 from permchain.pregel.debug import print_checkpoint, print_step_start
 from permchain.pregel.io import map_input, map_output
@@ -84,7 +92,10 @@ class Channel:
 
     @classmethod
     def subscribe_to(
-        cls, channels: str | Sequence[str], key: Optional[str] = None
+        cls,
+        channels: str | Sequence[str],
+        key: Optional[str] = None,
+        when: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
     ) -> ChannelInvoke:
         """Runs process.invoke() each time channels are updated,
         with a dict of the channel values as input."""
@@ -100,6 +111,7 @@ class Channel:
                 else {chan: chan for chan in channels},
             ),
             triggers=[channels] if isinstance(channels, str) else channels,
+            when=when,
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -135,7 +147,7 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
 
     debug: bool = Field(default_factory=get_debug)
 
-    checkpoint: Optional[BaseCheckpointAdapter] = None
+    saver: Optional[BaseCheckpointAdapter] = None
 
     class Config:
         arbitrary_types_allowed = True
@@ -151,7 +163,7 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
     def config_specs(self) -> list[ConfigurableFieldSpec]:
         return get_unique_config_specs(
             [spec for chain in self.chains.values() for spec in chain.config_specs]
-            + (self.checkpoint.config_specs if self.checkpoint is not None else [])
+            + (self.saver.config_specs if self.saver is not None else [])
         )
 
     @property
@@ -194,27 +206,27 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
         input: Iterator[dict[str, Any] | Any],
         run_manager: CallbackManagerForChainRun,
         config: RunnableConfig,
-    ) -> Iterator[dict[str, Any] | Any]:
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[dict[str, Any] | Any, CheckpointView]]:
         if config["recursion_limit"] < 1:
             raise ValueError("recursion_limit must be at least 1")
+        # copy chains to ignore mutations during execution
         processes = {**self.chains}
-        checkpoint = (
-            self.checkpoint.get(config) if self.checkpoint is not None else None
-        )
+        # get checkpoint from saver, or create an empty one
+        checkpoint = self.saver.get(config) if self.saver else None
+        checkpoint = checkpoint or empty_checkpoint()
+        # create channels from checkpoint
         with ChannelsManager(
             self.channels, checkpoint
         ) as channels, get_executor_for_config(config) as executor:
-            next_tasks = _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
-                processes,
+            # map inputs to channel updates
+            _apply_writes(
+                checkpoint,
                 channels,
                 deque(w for c in input for w in map_input(self.input, c)),
                 config,
                 0,
             )
 
-            if not next_tasks:
-                return
-
             read = partial(_read_channel, channels)
 
             # Similarly to Bulk Synchronous Parallel / Pregel model
@@ -223,6 +235,12 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
             # channels are guaranteed to be immutable for the duration of the step,
             # with channel updates applied only at the transition between steps
             for step in range(config["recursion_limit"]):
+                next_tasks = _prepare_next_tasks(checkpoint, processes, channels)
+
+                # if no more tasks, we're done
+                if not next_tasks:
+                    break
+
                 if self.debug:
                     print_step_start(step, next_tasks)
 
@@ -255,63 +273,55 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
                 # interrupt on failure or timeout
                 _interrupt_or_proceed(done, inflight, step)
 
-                # apply writes to channels, decide on next step
-
-                next_tasks = _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
-                    processes, channels, pending_writes, config, step + 1
-                )
+                # apply writes to channels
+                _apply_writes(checkpoint, channels, pending_writes, config, step + 1)
 
                 if self.debug:
                     print_checkpoint(step, channels)
 
-                # if any write to output channels in this step, yield current value
-                for output in map_output(self.output, pending_writes, channels):
-                    yield output
+                # yield current value and checkpoint view
+                view = CheckpointView(
+                    values=channel_values(channels),
+                    step=step + 1,
+                )
+                yield map_output(self.output, pending_writes, channels), view
+                # if view was updated, apply writes to channels
+                _apply_writes_from_view(checkpoint, channels, view)
 
                 # save end of step checkpoint
-                if (
-                    self.checkpoint is not None
-                    and self.checkpoint.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_STEP
-                ):
-                    checkpoint = create_checkpoint(channels)
-                    self.checkpoint.put(config, checkpoint)
-
-                # if no more tasks, we're done
-                if not next_tasks:
-                    break
+                if self.saver is not None and self.saver.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_STEP:
+                    checkpoint = create_checkpoint(checkpoint, channels)
+                    self.saver.put(config, checkpoint)
 
             # save end of run checkpoint
-            if (
-                self.checkpoint is not None
-                and self.checkpoint.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_RUN
-            ):
-                checkpoint = create_checkpoint(channels)
-                self.checkpoint.put(config, checkpoint)
+            if self.saver is not None and self.saver.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_RUN:
+                checkpoint = create_checkpoint(checkpoint, channels)
+                self.saver.put(config, checkpoint)
 
     async def _atransform(
         self,
         input: AsyncIterator[dict[str, Any] | Any],
         run_manager: AsyncCallbackManagerForChainRun,
         config: RunnableConfig,
-    ) -> AsyncIterator[dict[str, Any] | Any]:
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[dict[str, Any] | Any, CheckpointView]]:
         if config["recursion_limit"] < 1:
             raise ValueError("recursion_limit must be at least 1")
+        # copy chains to ignore mutations during execution
         processes = {**self.chains}
-        checkpoint = (
-            await self.checkpoint.aget(config) if self.checkpoint is not None else None
-        )
+        # get checkpoint from saver, or create an empty one
+        checkpoint = await self.saver.aget(config) if self.saver else None
+        checkpoint = checkpoint or empty_checkpoint()
+        # create channels from checkpoint
         async with AsyncChannelsManager(self.channels, checkpoint) as channels:
-            next_tasks = _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
-                processes,
+            # map inputs to channel updates
+            _apply_writes(
+                checkpoint,
                 channels,
                 deque([w async for c in input for w in map_input(self.input, c)]),
                 config,
                 0,
             )
 
-            if not next_tasks:
-                return
-
             read = partial(_read_channel, channels)
 
             # Similarly to Bulk Synchronous Parallel / Pregel model
@@ -320,6 +330,12 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
             # channels are guaranteed to be immutable for the duration of the step,
             # channel updates being applied only at the transition between steps
             for step in range(config["recursion_limit"]):
+                next_tasks = _prepare_next_tasks(checkpoint, processes, channels)
+
+                # if no more tasks, we're done
+                if not next_tasks:
+                    break
+
                 if self.debug:
                     print_step_start(step, next_tasks)
 
@@ -355,37 +371,30 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
                 # interrupt on failure or timeout
                 _interrupt_or_proceed(done, inflight, step)
 
-                # apply writes to channels, decide on next step
-                next_tasks = _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
-                    processes, channels, pending_writes, config, step + 1
-                )
+                # apply writes to channels
+                _apply_writes(checkpoint, channels, pending_writes, config, step + 1)
 
                 if self.debug:
                     print_checkpoint(step, channels)
 
-                # if any write to output channels in this step, yield current value
-                for output in map_output(self.output, pending_writes, channels):
-                    yield output
+                # yield current value and checkpoint view
+                view = CheckpointView(
+                    values=channel_values(channels),
+                    step=step + 1,
+                )
+                yield map_output(self.output, pending_writes, channels), view
+                # if view was updated, apply writes to channels
+                _apply_writes_from_view(checkpoint, channels, view)
 
                 # save end of step checkpoint
-                if (
-                    self.checkpoint is not None
-                    and self.checkpoint.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_STEP
-                ):
-                    checkpoint = create_checkpoint(channels)
-                    await self.checkpoint.aput(config, checkpoint)
-
-                # if no more tasks, we're done
-                if not next_tasks:
-                    break
+                if self.saver is not None and self.saver.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_STEP:
+                    checkpoint = create_checkpoint(checkpoint, channels)
+                    await self.saver.aput(config, checkpoint)
 
             # save end of run checkpoint
-            if (
-                self.checkpoint is not None
-                and self.checkpoint.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_RUN
-            ):
-                checkpoint = create_checkpoint(channels)
-                await self.checkpoint.aput(config, checkpoint)
+            if self.saver is not None and self.saver.at == CheckpointAt.END_OF_RUN:
+                checkpoint = create_checkpoint(checkpoint, channels)
+                await self.saver.aput(config, checkpoint)
 
     def invoke(
         self,
@@ -412,9 +421,22 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
         config: RunnableConfig | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any | None,
     ) -> Iterator[dict[str, Any] | Any]:
-        return self._transform_stream_with_config(
+        for output, _ in self._transform_stream_with_config(
             input, self._transform, config, **kwargs
-        )
+        ):
+            if output is not None:
+                yield output
+
+    def step(
+        self,
+        input: dict[str, Any] | Any,
+        config: RunnableConfig | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[dict[str, Any] | Any, CheckpointView]]:
+        for tup in self._transform_stream_with_config(
+            iter([input]), self._transform, config, **kwargs
+        ):
+            yield cast(tuple[dict[str, Any] | Any, CheckpointView], tup)
 
     async def ainvoke(
         self,
@@ -445,10 +467,25 @@ class Pregel(RunnableSerializable[dict[str, Any] | Any, dict[str, Any] | Any]):
         config: RunnableConfig | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any | None,
     ) -> AsyncIterator[dict[str, Any] | Any]:
-        async for chunk in self._atransform_stream_with_config(
+        async for output, _ in self._atransform_stream_with_config(
             input, self._atransform, config, **kwargs
         ):
-            yield chunk
+            if output is not None:
+                yield output
+
+    async def astep(
+        self,
+        input: dict[str, Any] | Any,
+        config: RunnableConfig | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[dict[str, Any] | Any, CheckpointView]]:
+        async def input_stream() -> AsyncIterator[dict[str, Any] | Any]:
+            yield input
+
+        async for tup in self._atransform_stream_with_config(
+            input_stream(), self._atransform, config, **kwargs
+        ):
+            yield cast(tuple[dict[str, Any] | Any, CheckpointView], tup)
 
 
 def _interrupt_or_proceed(
@@ -484,13 +521,13 @@ def _read_channel(
         return None
 
 
-def _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
-    processes: Mapping[str, ChannelInvoke | ChannelBatch],
+def _apply_writes(
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
     pending_writes: Sequence[tuple[str, Any]],
     config: RunnableConfig,
     for_step: int,
-) -> list[tuple[Runnable, Any, str]]:
+) -> None:
     pending_writes_by_channel: dict[str, list[Any]] = defaultdict(list)
     # Group writes by channel
     for chan, val in pending_writes:
@@ -508,6 +545,7 @@ def _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
     for chan, vals in pending_writes_by_channel.items():
         if chan in channels:
             channels[chan].update(vals)
+            checkpoint["channel_versions"][chan] += 1
             updated_channels.add(chan)
         else:
             logger.warning(f"Skipping write for channel {chan} which has no readers")
@@ -516,16 +554,43 @@ def _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
         if chan not in updated_channels:
             channels[chan].update([])
 
+
+def _apply_writes_from_view(
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
+    view: CheckpointView,
+) -> None:
+    for chan, value in view.values.items():
+        if value == channels[chan].get():
+            continue
+
+        assert isinstance(channels[chan], LastValue), (
+            f"Can't modify channel {chan} of type "
+            f"{channels[chan].__class__.__name__}"
+        )
+        checkpoint["channel_versions"][chan] += 1
+        channels[chan].update([view.values[chan]])
+
+
+def _prepare_next_tasks(
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+    processes: Mapping[str, ChannelInvoke | ChannelBatch],
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
+) -> list[tuple[Runnable, Any, str]]:
     tasks: list[tuple[Runnable, Any, str]] = []
     # Check if any processes should be run in next step
     # If so, prepare the values to be passed to them
     for name, proc in processes.items():
+        seen = checkpoint["versions_seen"][name]
         if isinstance(proc, ChannelInvoke):
             # If any of the channels read by this process were updated
-            if any(chan in updated_channels for chan in proc.triggers):
+            if any(
+                checkpoint["channel_versions"][chan] > seen[chan]
+                for chan in proc.triggers
+            ):
                 # If all channels subscribed by this process have been initialized
                 try:
-                    val = {
+                    val: Any = {
                         k: _read_channel(
                             channels, chan, catch=chan not in proc.triggers
                         )
@@ -539,10 +604,20 @@ def _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
                 if list(proc.channels.keys()) == [None]:
                     val = val[None]
 
-                tasks.append((proc, val, name))
+                # update seen versions
+                seen.update(
+                    {
+                        chan: checkpoint["channel_versions"][chan]
+                        for chan in proc.triggers
+                    }
+                )
+
+                # skip if condition is not met
+                if proc.when is None or proc.when(val):
+                    tasks.append((proc, val, name))
         elif isinstance(proc, ChannelBatch):
             # If the channel read by this process was updated
-            if proc.channel in updated_channels:
+            if checkpoint["channel_versions"][proc.channel] > seen[proc.channel]:
                 # Here we don't catch EmptyChannelError because the channel
                 # must be intialized if the previous `if` condition is true
                 val = channels[proc.channel].get()
@@ -550,5 +625,6 @@ def _apply_writes_and_prepare_next_tasks(
                     val = [{proc.key: v} for v in val]
 
                 tasks.append((proc, val, name))
+                seen[proc.channel] = checkpoint["channel_versions"][proc.channel]
 
     return tasks
diff --git a/permchain/pregel/debug.py b/permchain/pregel/debug.py
index 613749858..c1e3cc2be 100644
--- a/permchain/pregel/debug.py
+++ b/permchain/pregel/debug.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from pprint import pformat
 from typing import Any, Iterator, Mapping
 
-from langchain.schema.runnable import Runnable
-from langchain.utils.input import get_bolded_text, get_colored_text
+from langchain_core.runnables import Runnable
+from langchain_core.utils.input import get_bolded_text, get_colored_text
 
 from permchain.channels.base import BaseChannel, EmptyChannelError
 
diff --git a/permchain/pregel/io.py b/permchain/pregel/io.py
index 460554877..d49193b49 100644
--- a/permchain/pregel/io.py
+++ b/permchain/pregel/io.py
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ from permchain.pregel.log import logger
 
 
 def map_input(
-    input_channels: str | Sequence[str], chunk: dict[str, Any] | Any
+    input_channels: str | Sequence[str], chunk: dict[str, Any] | Any | None
 ) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Any]]:
     """Map input chunk to a sequence of pending writes in the form (channel, value)."""
-    if isinstance(input_channels, str):
+    if chunk is None:
+        return
+    elif isinstance(input_channels, str):
         yield (input_channels, chunk)
     else:
         if not isinstance(chunk, dict):
@@ -24,11 +26,12 @@ def map_output(
     output_channels: str | Sequence[str],
     pending_writes: Sequence[tuple[str, Any]],
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
-) -> Iterator[dict[str, Any] | Any]:
+) -> dict[str, Any] | Any | None:
     """Map pending writes (a sequence of tuples (channel, value)) to output chunk."""
     if isinstance(output_channels, str):
         if any(chan == output_channels for chan, _ in pending_writes):
-            yield channels[output_channels].get()
+            return channels[output_channels].get()
     else:
         if updated := {c for c, _ in pending_writes if c in output_channels}:
-            yield {chan: channels[chan].get() for chan in updated}
+            return {chan: channels[chan].get() for chan in updated}
+    return None
diff --git a/permchain/pregel/read.py b/permchain/pregel/read.py
index b8691885a..1c9b1dc13 100644
--- a/permchain/pregel/read.py
+++ b/permchain/pregel/read.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, Callable, List, Mapping, Optional, Sequence
 
-from langchain.pydantic_v1 import Field
+from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import Field
 from langchain_core.runnables import (
     Runnable,
     RunnableConfig,
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class ChannelInvoke(RunnableBindingBase):
 
     triggers: List[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
 
-    skip: Optional[Callable[[Any], bool]] = None
+    when: Optional[Callable[[Any], bool]] = None
 
     bound: Runnable[Any, Any] = Field(default=default_bound)
 
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ class ChannelInvoke(RunnableBindingBase):
         self,
         channels: Mapping[None, str] | Mapping[str, str],
         triggers: Sequence[str],
+        when: Optional[Callable[[Any], bool]] = None,
         *,
         bound: Optional[Runnable[Any, Any]] = None,
         kwargs: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ class ChannelInvoke(RunnableBindingBase):
         super().__init__(
             channels=channels,
             triggers=triggers,
+            when=when,
             bound=bound or default_bound,
             kwargs=kwargs or {},
             config=config,
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ class ChannelInvoke(RunnableBindingBase):
                 **{chan: chan for chan in channels},
             },
             triggers=self.triggers,
+            when=self.when,
             bound=self.bound,
             kwargs=self.kwargs,
             config=self.config,
@@ -123,6 +126,7 @@ class ChannelInvoke(RunnableBindingBase):
             return ChannelInvoke(
                 channels=self.channels,
                 triggers=self.triggers,
+                when=self.when,
                 bound=coerce_to_runnable(other),
                 kwargs=self.kwargs,
                 config=self.config,
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ class ChannelInvoke(RunnableBindingBase):
             return ChannelInvoke(
                 channels=self.channels,
                 triggers=self.triggers,
+                when=self.when,
                 # delegate to __or__ in self.bound
                 bound=self.bound | other,
                 kwargs=self.kwargs,
diff --git a/permchain/pregel/validate.py b/permchain/pregel/validate.py
index a0483f4cb..5c0dd6718 100644
--- a/permchain/pregel/validate.py
+++ b/permchain/pregel/validate.py
@@ -2,15 +2,9 @@ from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence
 
 from permchain.channels.base import BaseChannel
 from permchain.channels.last_value import LastValue
-from permchain.constants import CHECKPOINT_KEY_TS, CHECKPOINT_KEY_VERSION
 from permchain.pregel.read import ChannelBatch, ChannelInvoke
 from permchain.pregel.reserved import ReservedChannels
 
-FORBIDDEN_CHANNEL_NAMES = {
-    CHECKPOINT_KEY_TS,
-    CHECKPOINT_KEY_VERSION,
-}
-
 
 def validate_chains_channels(
     chains: Mapping[str, ChannelInvoke | ChannelBatch],
@@ -55,10 +49,6 @@ def validate_chains_channels(
             if chan not in channels:
                 channels[chan] = LastValue(Any)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    for name in FORBIDDEN_CHANNEL_NAMES:
-        if name in channels:
-            raise ValueError(f"Channel name {name} is reserved")
-
     for chan in ReservedChannels:
         if chan not in channels:
             channels[chan] = LastValue(Any)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
diff --git a/permchain/pregel/write.py b/permchain/pregel/write.py
index 5174096f2..3c21d39c8 100644
--- a/permchain/pregel/write.py
+++ b/permchain/pregel/write.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, Callable, Sequence
 
-from langchain.schema.runnable import (
+from langchain_core.runnables import (
     Runnable,
     RunnableConfig,
     RunnablePassthrough,
 )
-from langchain.schema.runnable.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec
+from langchain_core.runnables.utils import ConfigurableFieldSpec
 
 from permchain.constants import CONFIG_KEY_SEND
 
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 60bbf53bc..9f474956c 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -826,72 +826,73 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "greenlet"
-version = "3.0.1"
+version = "3.0.3"
 description = "Lightweight in-process concurrent programming"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
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 [package.extras]
-docs = ["Sphinx"]
+docs = ["Sphinx", "furo"]
 test = ["objgraph", "psutil"]
 
 [[package]]
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+    {file = "SQLAlchemy-2.0.24.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6db97656fd3fe3f7e5b077f12fa6adb5feb6e0b567a3e99f47ecf5f7ea0a09e3"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -3133,7 +3134,7 @@ typing-extensions = ">=4.2.0"
 [package.extras]
 aiomysql = ["aiomysql (>=0.2.0)", "greenlet (!=0.4.17)"]
 aioodbc = ["aioodbc", "greenlet (!=0.4.17)"]
-aiosqlite = ["aiosqlite", "greenlet (!=0.4.17)", "typing-extensions (!=3.10.0.1)"]
+aiosqlite = ["aiosqlite", "greenlet (!=0.4.17)", "typing_extensions (!=3.10.0.1)"]
 asyncio = ["greenlet (!=0.4.17)"]
 asyncmy = ["asyncmy (>=0.2.3,!=0.2.4,!=0.2.6)", "greenlet (!=0.4.17)"]
 mariadb-connector = ["mariadb (>=1.0.1,!=1.1.2,!=1.1.5)"]
@@ -3143,7 +3144,7 @@ mssql-pyodbc = ["pyodbc"]
 mypy = ["mypy (>=0.910)"]
 mysql = ["mysqlclient (>=1.4.0)"]
 mysql-connector = ["mysql-connector-python"]
-oracle = ["cx-oracle (>=8)"]
+oracle = ["cx_oracle (>=8)"]
 oracle-oracledb = ["oracledb (>=1.0.1)"]
 postgresql = ["psycopg2 (>=2.7)"]
 postgresql-asyncpg = ["asyncpg", "greenlet (!=0.4.17)"]
@@ -3153,7 +3154,7 @@ postgresql-psycopg2binary = ["psycopg2-binary"]
 postgresql-psycopg2cffi = ["psycopg2cffi"]
 postgresql-psycopgbinary = ["psycopg[binary] (>=3.0.7)"]
 pymysql = ["pymysql"]
-sqlcipher = ["sqlcipher3-binary"]
+sqlcipher = ["sqlcipher3_binary"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "stack-data"
@@ -3598,4 +3599,4 @@ testing = ["big-O", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.itertools", "more-itertools", "p
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = ">=3.8.1,<4.0"
-content-hash = "31c0918244f47b18e634bb487f32918ff5fde3ecc84dcd416b955b1077ffe663"
+content-hash = "2777c34c9c1b5c056206649d287e08e55671a647721374fb7c3b6edc711e796e"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 43d8ba149..40536ecf9 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ repository = "https://www.github.com/langchain-ai/permchain"
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = ">=3.8.1,<4.0"
-langchain = "^0.0.352"
+langchain-core = "^0.1.3"
 
 
 [tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies]
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ optional = true
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 jupyter = "^1.0.0"
 openai = "^0.27.8"
+langchain = "^0.0.352"
 
 [tool.ruff]
 select = [ "E", "F", "I" ]
diff --git a/tests/test_pregel.py b/tests/test_pregel.py
index 4d5c32f74..aad297018 100644
--- a/tests/test_pregel.py
+++ b/tests/test_pregel.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
-from langchain.schema.runnable import RunnablePassthrough
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnablePassthrough
 from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
 
 from permchain import Channel, Pregel
@@ -139,17 +139,51 @@ def test_invoke_single_process_in_dict_out_dict(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
 def test_invoke_two_processes_in_out(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     add_one = mocker.Mock(side_effect=lambda x: x + 1)
     chain_one = Channel.subscribe_to("input") | add_one | Channel.write_to("inbox")
-    chain_two = (
-        Channel.subscribe_to_each("inbox") | add_one | Channel.write_to("output")
-    )
+    chain_two = Channel.subscribe_to("inbox") | add_one | Channel.write_to("output")
 
     app = Pregel(
         chains={"chain_one": chain_one, "chain_two": chain_two},
-        channels={"inbox": Topic(int)},
     )
 
     assert app.invoke(2) == 4
 
+    for output, view in app.step(2):
+        if view.step == 1:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "inbox": 3,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            assert output is None
+        elif view.step == 2:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "output": 4,
+                "inbox": 3,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            assert output == 4
+
+    for output, view in app.step(2):
+        if view.step == 1:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "inbox": 3,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            assert output is None
+            # modify inbox value
+            view.values["inbox"] = 5
+        elif view.step == 2:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "output": 6,
+                "inbox": 5,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            # output is different now
+            assert output == 6
+
 
 def test_invoke_two_processes_in_dict_out(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     add_one = mocker.Mock(side_effect=lambda x: x + 1)
@@ -286,34 +320,34 @@ def test_invoke_checkpoint(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     app = Pregel(
         chains={"chain_one": chain_one},
         channels={"total": BinaryOperatorAggregate(int, operator.add)},
-        checkpoint=memory,
+        saver=memory,
     )
 
     # total starts out as 0, so output is 0+2=2
     assert app.invoke(2, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}) == 2
     checkpoint = memory.get({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 2
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 2
     # total is now 2, so output is 2+3=5
     assert app.invoke(3, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}) == 5
     checkpoint = memory.get({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 7
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 7
     # total is now 2+5=7, so output would be 7+4=11, but raises ValueError
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         app.invoke(4, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     # checkpoint is not updated
     checkpoint = memory.get({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 7
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 7
     # on a new thread, total starts out as 0, so output is 0+5=5
     assert app.invoke(5, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}}) == 5
     checkpoint = memory.get({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 7
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 7
     checkpoint = memory.get({"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 5
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 5
 
 
 def test_invoke_two_processes_two_in_join_two_out(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/test_pregel_async.py b/tests/test_pregel_async.py
index 8a59fa4a0..b32dc17d2 100644
--- a/tests/test_pregel_async.py
+++ b/tests/test_pregel_async.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
 from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Generator
 
 import pytest
-from langchain.schema.runnable import RunnablePassthrough
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnablePassthrough
 from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
 
 from permchain import Channel, Pregel
@@ -144,17 +144,51 @@ async def test_invoke_single_process_in_dict_out_dict(mocker: MockerFixture) ->
 async def test_invoke_two_processes_in_out(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     add_one = mocker.Mock(side_effect=lambda x: x + 1)
     chain_one = Channel.subscribe_to("input") | add_one | Channel.write_to("inbox")
-    chain_two = (
-        Channel.subscribe_to_each("inbox") | add_one | Channel.write_to("output")
-    )
+    chain_two = Channel.subscribe_to("inbox") | add_one | Channel.write_to("output")
 
     app = Pregel(
         chains={"chain_one": chain_one, "chain_two": chain_two},
-        channels={"inbox": Topic(int)},
     )
 
     assert await app.ainvoke(2) == 4
 
+    async for output, view in app.astep(2):
+        if view.step == 1:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "inbox": 3,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            assert output is None
+        elif view.step == 2:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "output": 4,
+                "inbox": 3,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            assert output == 4
+
+    async for output, view in app.astep(2):
+        if view.step == 1:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "inbox": 3,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            assert output is None
+            # modify inbox value
+            view.values["inbox"] = 5
+        elif view.step == 2:
+            assert view.values == {
+                "output": 6,
+                "inbox": 5,
+                "input": 2,
+                "is_last_step": False,
+            }
+            # output is different now
+            assert output == 6
+
 
 async def test_invoke_two_processes_in_dict_out(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     add_one = mocker.Mock(side_effect=lambda x: x + 1)
@@ -299,34 +333,34 @@ async def test_invoke_checkpoint(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     app = Pregel(
         chains={"chain_one": chain_one},
         channels={"total": BinaryOperatorAggregate(int, operator.add)},
-        checkpoint=memory,
+        saver=memory,
     )
 
     # total starts out as 0, so output is 0+2=2
     assert await app.ainvoke(2, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}) == 2
     checkpoint = await memory.aget({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 2
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 2
     # total is now 2, so output is 2+3=5
     assert await app.ainvoke(3, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}) == 5
     checkpoint = await memory.aget({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 7
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 7
     # total is now 2+5=7, so output would be 7+4=11, but raises ValueError
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         await app.ainvoke(4, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     # checkpoint is not updated
     checkpoint = await memory.aget({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 7
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 7
     # on a new thread, total starts out as 0, so output is 0+5=5
     assert await app.ainvoke(5, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}}) == 5
     checkpoint = await memory.aget({"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 7
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 7
     checkpoint = await memory.aget({"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}})
     assert checkpoint is not None
-    assert checkpoint.get("total") == 5
+    assert checkpoint["channel_values"].get("total") == 5
 
 
 async def test_invoke_two_processes_two_in_join_two_out(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None: