diff --git a/libs/langgraph/tests/test_diff_channel_benchmark.py b/libs/langgraph/tests/test_diff_channel_benchmark.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6de7c7fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/langgraph/tests/test_diff_channel_benchmark.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+"""Benchmark: DiffChannel vs BinaryOperatorAggregate storage and time.
+
+Run directly:  python tests/test_diff_channel_benchmark.py
+Run via pytest: pytest tests/test_diff_channel_benchmark.py -s
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import Annotated, Any, TypedDict
+
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, HumanMessage
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
+from langgraph.channels.diff import DiffChannel
+from langgraph.graph import END, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import add_messages
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# State definitions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class BinaryState(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list, add_messages]
+
+
+class DiffState(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list, DiffChannel(add_messages)]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Graph factory
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _make_graph(state_cls: type) -> Any:
+    def human_node(state: Any) -> dict:
+        return {}  # no-op; caller provides messages via invoke
+
+    def ai_node(state: Any) -> dict:
+        last = state["messages"][-1]
+        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content=f"reply-to-{last.id}")]}
+
+    g = StateGraph(state_cls)
+    g.add_node("human", human_node)
+    g.add_node("ai", ai_node)
+    g.add_edge("human", "ai")
+    g.add_edge("ai", END)
+    g.set_entry_point("human")
+    return g.compile(checkpointer=MemorySaver())
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Measurement helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _total_blob_bytes(saver: MemorySaver) -> int:
+    total = 0
+    for (_, _, _, _), (type_tag, blob) in saver.blobs.items():
+        if blob is not None:
+            total += len(blob)
+    return total
+
+
+def _run_turns(n_turns: int, state_cls: type) -> tuple[float, int]:
+    """Run n_turns conversation turns; return (elapsed_seconds, total_blob_bytes)."""
+    graph = _make_graph(state_cls)
+    saver: MemorySaver = graph.checkpointer  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bench"}}
+
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+    for i in range(n_turns):
+        graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content=f"msg-{i}", id=f"h{i}")]}, config)
+    elapsed = time.perf_counter() - t0
+
+    blob_bytes = _total_blob_bytes(saver)
+    return elapsed, blob_bytes
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Benchmark matrix
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TURN_COUNTS = [10, 50, 100, 200, 500]
+
+
+def run_benchmark() -> None:
+    print()
+    print("DiffChannel vs BinaryOperatorAggregate — checkpoint storage & time benchmark")
+    print("=" * 76)
+    header = f"{'turns':>6}  {'binary_bytes':>14}  {'diff_bytes':>12}  {'ratio':>8}  {'binary_ms':>12}  {'diff_ms':>10}"
+    print(header)
+    print("-" * 76)
+
+    for turns in TURN_COUNTS:
+        b_time, b_bytes = _run_turns(turns, BinaryState)
+        d_time, d_bytes = _run_turns(turns, DiffState)
+        ratio = b_bytes / d_bytes if d_bytes else float("inf")
+        print(
+            f"{turns:>6}  {b_bytes:>14,}  {d_bytes:>12,}  {ratio:>7.1f}x  "
+            f"{b_time * 1000:>11.1f}ms  {d_time * 1000:>9.1f}ms"
+        )
+
+    print("=" * 76)
+    print()
+    print("ratio = binary_bytes / diff_bytes (higher = DiffChannel saves more space)")
+    print()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Pytest entry point
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_diff_channel_benchmark(capsys: Any) -> None:
+    """Storage grows O(N²) for BinaryOperatorAggregate, O(N) for DiffChannel."""
+    with capsys.disabled():
+        run_benchmark()
+
+    # Verify DiffChannel uses strictly less storage for 100+ turns.
+    for turns in [100, 500]:
+        _, b_bytes = _run_turns(turns, BinaryState)
+        _, d_bytes = _run_turns(turns, DiffState)
+        assert d_bytes < b_bytes, (
+            f"Expected DiffChannel to use less storage at {turns} turns, "
+            f"got diff={d_bytes} binary={b_bytes}"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Script entry point
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run_benchmark()
+    sys.exit(0)