fix(cli): handle Docker SemVer build metadata in version parsing #5965 (#6024)

Description:
Corrects _parse_version to support Docker versions with SemVer build
metadata (e.g., 28.1.1+1), resolving #5965. Adds comprehensive unit
tests for version parsing, including normal, v-prefixed, prerelease,
build metadata, combined prerelease/build metadata, and edge cases with
missing components.

Issue:
Closes #5965

Dependencies:
None

---------

Co-authored-by: Sydney Runkle <54324534+sydney-runkle@users.noreply.github.com>

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/docker.py

@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ def _parse_version(version: str) -> Version:
         patch = "0"
     else:
         major, minor, patch = parts
-    return Version(int(major.lstrip("v")), int(minor), int(patch.split("-")[0]))
+    return Version(
+        int(major.lstrip("v")), int(minor), int(patch.split("-")[0].split("+")[0])
+    )
 
 
 def check_capabilities(runner) -> DockerCapabilities: