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langgraph/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_delta_pagination.py
T
Elior Nataf LackritzandGitHub 93a5a28008 perf(checkpoint-postgres): start the delta walk at the target (#9248)
Reading a DeltaChannel at an older checkpoint (the state at a past
checkpoint, each entry of `get_state_history`, a fork or replay from
one) walked `checkpoints` down from the newest row, so every newer row
was read before the target's chain. A checkpoint's ancestors have
smaller ids, the order `get_tuple` already relies on to find the latest
checkpoint, so the walk now starts at the target: the first page is
`checkpoint_id <= target`, later pages stay `< cursor`.

The cursor is never NULL anymore, so the `(cursor IS NULL OR
checkpoint_id < cursor)` predicate goes too. Once Postgres caches a
generic plan for the prepared statement (`from_conn_string` sets
`prepare_threshold=0`), that predicate is a filter rather than an index
condition, and each later page re-read every newer row.

`get_delta_channel_history` on a 6,000-checkpoint thread with a snapshot
every 200 checkpoints, median of three runs of 60 reads each, same
results before and after:

| target | main | this PR |
|---|---|---|
| newest | 3.1 ms | 2.7 ms |
| 1,000 back | 4.5 ms | 2.9 ms |
| 3,000 back | 8.9 ms | 2.8 ms |
| 5,000 back | 15.7 ms | 2.8 ms |

The target is now always the first row read, so the pagination tests
from #8556 can no longer leave it off the first page; they are renamed
for what they still cover, a walk that continues across pages.

## Test plan
- [x] `test_{sync,async}_walk_reads_nothing_newer_than_the_target`
record the rows the walk reads; both fail on main, which also reads the
three newer checkpoints.
- [x] `checkpoint-postgres` suite on Postgres 16: 281 passed, 3 skipped.
- [x] `langgraph` DeltaChannel tests against this saver (`-k "delta and
not redis"`): 1,154 passed, 1 skipped.
2026-10-09 08:31:15 -04:00

178 lines
6.2 KiB
Python

from __future__ import annotations
from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
from typing import Any
from uuid import uuid4
import pytest
from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
Checkpoint,
DeltaChannelHistory,
empty_checkpoint,
)
from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver
from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE, BasePostgresSaver
from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_URI
CHANNEL = "items"
STEPS = 8
SEED_STEP = 1
SEED_VALUE = [10, 20]
TARGET_STEP = 4
# The real page size is the control; the rest split the walk from the target
# to its seed across pages.
PAGE_SIZES = [_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE, 3, 2, 1]
def _step_args(
thread_id: str, step: int, parent: dict | None
) -> tuple[dict, Checkpoint, dict[str, Any]]:
config: dict = {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id, "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
if parent is not None:
config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent["configurable"][
"checkpoint_id"
]
checkpoint: Checkpoint = empty_checkpoint()
checkpoint["id"] = str(uuid6(clock_seq=step))
checkpoint["channel_versions"][CHANNEL] = f"v{step}"
if step == SEED_STEP:
checkpoint["channel_values"][CHANNEL] = _DeltaSnapshot(list(SEED_VALUE))
return config, checkpoint, {CHANNEL: f"v{step}"}
return config, checkpoint, {}
async def _abuild_chain(saver: AsyncPostgresSaver) -> list[dict]:
thread_id = str(uuid4())
parent: dict | None = None
configs: list[dict] = []
for step in range(STEPS):
config, checkpoint, new_versions = _step_args(thread_id, step, parent)
parent = await saver.aput(
config,
checkpoint,
{"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}},
new_versions,
)
await saver.aput_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, f"w{step}")], str(uuid4()))
configs.append(parent)
return configs
def _build_chain(saver: PostgresSaver) -> list[dict]:
thread_id = str(uuid4())
parent: dict | None = None
configs: list[dict] = []
for step in range(STEPS):
config, checkpoint, new_versions = _step_args(thread_id, step, parent)
parent = saver.put(
config,
checkpoint,
{"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}},
new_versions,
)
saver.put_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, f"w{step}")], str(uuid4()))
configs.append(parent)
return configs
def _assert_history(entry: DeltaChannelHistory, page_size: int) -> None:
seed = entry.get("seed")
assert isinstance(seed, _DeltaSnapshot), (
f"page_size={page_size}: expected a snapshot seed, "
f"got {entry.get('seed', '<missing>')!r}"
)
assert seed.value == SEED_VALUE
assert [w[2] for w in entry["writes"]] == ["w1", "w2", "w3"], (
f"page_size={page_size}: got {[w[2] for w in entry['writes']]}"
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
async def test_async_walk_continues_across_pages(
page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
) -> None:
monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
await saver.setup()
configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
)
_assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
def test_sync_walk_continues_across_pages(
page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
) -> None:
monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
saver.setup()
configs = _build_chain(saver)
result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
)
_assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
def _record_rows_read(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> list[str]:
read: list[str] = []
ingest = BasePostgresSaver._ingest_stage1_page
def record(rows: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]], *args: Any) -> str | None:
read.extend(row["checkpoint_id"] for row in rows)
return ingest(rows, *args)
monkeypatch.setattr(BasePostgresSaver, "_ingest_stage1_page", staticmethod(record))
return read
def _ids_from_target_down(configs: list[dict]) -> list[str]:
return [c["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] for c in configs[TARGET_STEP::-1]]
async def test_async_walk_reads_nothing_newer_than_the_target(
monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
read = _record_rows_read(monkeypatch)
async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
await saver.setup()
configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
)
_assert_history(result[CHANNEL], _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE)
assert read == _ids_from_target_down(configs)
def test_sync_walk_reads_nothing_newer_than_the_target(
monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
read = _record_rows_read(monkeypatch)
with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
saver.setup()
configs = _build_chain(saver)
result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
)
_assert_history(result[CHANNEL], _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE)
assert read == _ids_from_target_down(configs)
async def test_root_target_has_no_history_and_still_terminates(
monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", 1)
async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
await saver.setup()
configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
config=configs[0], channels=[CHANNEL]
)
assert result[CHANNEL] == {"writes": []}