Files
langgraph/libs/checkpoint-postgres
Elior Nataf LackritzandGitHub 93a5a28008 perf(checkpoint-postgres): start the delta walk at the target (#9248)
Reading a DeltaChannel at an older checkpoint (the state at a past
checkpoint, each entry of `get_state_history`, a fork or replay from
one) walked `checkpoints` down from the newest row, so every newer row
was read before the target's chain. A checkpoint's ancestors have
smaller ids, the order `get_tuple` already relies on to find the latest
checkpoint, so the walk now starts at the target: the first page is
`checkpoint_id <= target`, later pages stay `< cursor`.

The cursor is never NULL anymore, so the `(cursor IS NULL OR
checkpoint_id < cursor)` predicate goes too. Once Postgres caches a
generic plan for the prepared statement (`from_conn_string` sets
`prepare_threshold=0`), that predicate is a filter rather than an index
condition, and each later page re-read every newer row.

`get_delta_channel_history` on a 6,000-checkpoint thread with a snapshot
every 200 checkpoints, median of three runs of 60 reads each, same
results before and after:

| target | main | this PR |
|---|---|---|
| newest | 3.1 ms | 2.7 ms |
| 1,000 back | 4.5 ms | 2.9 ms |
| 3,000 back | 8.9 ms | 2.8 ms |
| 5,000 back | 15.7 ms | 2.8 ms |

The target is now always the first row read, so the pagination tests
from #8556 can no longer leave it off the first page; they are renamed
for what they still cover, a walk that continues across pages.

## Test plan
- [x] `test_{sync,async}_walk_reads_nothing_newer_than_the_target`
record the rows the walk reads; both fail on main, which also reads the
three newer checkpoints.
- [x] `checkpoint-postgres` suite on Postgres 16: 281 passed, 3 skipped.
- [x] `langgraph` DeltaChannel tests against this saver (`-k "delta and
not redis"`): 1,154 passed, 1 skipped.
2026-10-09 08:31:15 -04:00
..

LangGraph Checkpoint Postgres

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Quick Install

uv add langgraph-checkpoint-postgres

🤔 What is this?

This library provides a Postgres implementation of LangGraph's checkpoint saver. Use it when you want LangGraph state persistence backed by Postgres for durable, long-running workflows and agents.

By default, langgraph-checkpoint-postgres installs psycopg (Psycopg 3) without any extras. You can choose a specific installation that best suits your needs in the Psycopg installation docs, for example psycopg[binary].

📖 Documentation

For full documentation, see the API reference. For conceptual guides on persistence and memory, see the LangGraph Docs.

Security

Important

Set LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK=true or pass an explicit allowed_msgpack_modules list when creating your checkpointer. This restricts checkpoint deserialization to known-safe types, preventing code execution if the database is compromised. See the langgraph-checkpoint README for details.

Usage

Important

When using Postgres checkpointers for the first time, make sure to call .setup() method on them to create required tables. See example below.

Important

When manually creating Postgres connections and passing them to PostgresSaver or AsyncPostgresSaver, make sure to include autocommit=True and row_factory=dict_row (from psycopg.rows import dict_row). See a full example in this how-to guide.

Why these parameters are required:

  • autocommit=True: Required for the .setup() method to properly commit the checkpoint tables to the database. Without this, table creation may not be persisted.
  • row_factory=dict_row: Required because the PostgresSaver implementation accesses database rows using dictionary-style syntax (e.g., row["column_name"]). The default tuple_row factory returns tuples that only support index-based access (e.g., row[0]), which will cause TypeError exceptions when the checkpointer tries to access columns by name.

Example of incorrect usage:

# ❌ This will fail with TypeError during checkpointer operations
with psycopg.connect(DB_URI) as conn:  # Missing autocommit=True and row_factory=dict_row
    checkpointer = PostgresSaver(conn)
    checkpointer.setup()  # May not persist tables properly
    # Any operation that reads from database will fail with:
    # TypeError: tuple indices must be integers or slices, not str
from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver

write_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1", "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
read_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}

DB_URI = "postgres://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres?sslmode=disable"
with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DB_URI) as checkpointer:
    # call .setup() the first time you're using the checkpointer
    checkpointer.setup()
    checkpoint = {
        "v": 4,
        "ts": "2024-07-31T20:14:19.804150+00:00",
        "id": "1ef4f797-8335-6428-8001-8a1503f9b875",
        "channel_values": {"my_key": "meow", "node": "node"},
        "channel_versions": {"__start__": 2, "my_key": 3, "start:node": 3, "node": 3},
        "versions_seen": {
            "__input__": {},
            "__start__": {"__start__": 1},
            "node": {"start:node": 2},
        },
    }

    # store checkpoint
    checkpointer.put(write_config, checkpoint, {}, {})

    # load checkpoint
    checkpointer.get(read_config)

    # list checkpoints
    list(checkpointer.list(read_config))

Async

from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver

async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DB_URI) as checkpointer:
    checkpoint = {
        "v": 4,
        "ts": "2024-07-31T20:14:19.804150+00:00",
        "id": "1ef4f797-8335-6428-8001-8a1503f9b875",
        "channel_values": {"my_key": "meow", "node": "node"},
        "channel_versions": {"__start__": 2, "my_key": 3, "start:node": 3, "node": 3},
        "versions_seen": {
            "__input__": {},
            "__start__": {"__start__": 1},
            "node": {"start:node": 2},
        },
    }

    # store checkpoint
    await checkpointer.aput(write_config, checkpoint, {}, {})

    # load checkpoint
    await checkpointer.aget(read_config)

    # list checkpoints
    [c async for c in checkpointer.alist(read_config)]

📕 Releases & Versioning

See our Releases and Versioning policies.

💁 Contributing

As an open-source project in a rapidly developing field, we are extremely open to contributions, whether it be in the form of a new feature, improved infrastructure, or better documentation.

For detailed information on how to contribute, see the Contributing Guide.