Files
langgraph/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/memory/__init__.py
T
a90ab44358 fix(checkpoint): collect writes at plain-value seed in delta channel history (#8526)
Fixes langchain-ai/langgraph#8384

`InMemorySaver.get_delta_channel_history` skipped the writes stored at
the ancestor it seeded from whenever that ancestor's blob was a plain
value rather than a `_DeltaSnapshot`, silently dropping the first write
made after migrating a thread to `DeltaChannel`.

### Why the old rule was wrong

A stored blob is the value *entering* its checkpoint; the writes stored
under that same checkpoint are what produce its child. That's true for
`_DeltaSnapshot` blobs and pre-delta plain values alike, so there was
never a reason to treat them differently.

Writes at ancestors *older* than the seed genuinely are subsumed by the
seed value — but that's already guaranteed by terminating the walk,
since the channel leaves `remaining` once its seed is found. The removed
check re-solved that and overreached by one checkpoint.

`BaseCheckpointSaver`, `SqliteSaver` and `PostgresSaver` never had this
check. `InMemorySaver` was the only outlier.

### How I verified it

Built a differential harness running the same migration scenarios
through `InMemorySaver`, the `BaseCheckpointSaver` reference walk, and
`SqliteSaver`. **4 of 11 scenarios agreed before this change; 11 of 11
after.** The loss is wider than one write — on the `add_messages` →
`DeltaChannel` path it drops a real user message.

Suites: `libs/checkpoint` 156 passed, `libs/langgraph` 1972 passed,
`libs/checkpoint-sqlite` 117 passed, `libs/checkpoint-postgres` passed
against PG 16. `make format`, `make lint` clean in each.

### Two things worth a closer look in review

**1. I inverted two existing assertions** in
`TestPreDeltaBlobTerminator` (`libs/checkpoint/tests/test_memory.py`).
They encoded the old rule. Their fixture is the real migration shape — a
plain-value blob carrying pending writes, with a delta-era child — which
I confirmed against a dumped checkpoint chain from the issue's repro, so
the assertions were wrong rather than the fixture being unrealistic. I
added an ancestor *older* than the seed so the terminator still guards
what it legitimately should: older writes stay excluded, the seed's own
writes replay.

**2. The new conformance test fails against Postgres**, for a reason
unrelated to this change. Postgres `aput` leaves an inline `True` marker
in `channel_values` only for `_DeltaSnapshot`; plain non-primitive
values are popped with no marker, and seed detection is `(checkpoint ->
'channel_values' -> ch) IS NOT NULL`. So Postgres can't locate a
plain-value seed at all:

```
seed stored as plain list:      InMemorySaver -> [10, 20]    AsyncPostgresSaver -> no seed key
seed stored as _DeltaSnapshot:  InMemorySaver -> found       AsyncPostgresSaver -> found
```

The pre-existing `test_history_migration_plain_value_as_seed` already
fails there too — conformance CI only validates `InMemorySaver`, so
nobody was watching. Values still come out correct today (with no seed
the walk runs to the root and replays everything), but early termination
is lost: 1 write replayed on `InMemorySaver` vs 7 on Postgres for the
same 6-turn thread. Filing separately rather than folding a
write-path/format decision into this PR.

### Note on scope

This touches three packages: the fix in `libs/checkpoint`, graph-level
regression tests in `libs/langgraph` (the bug is only observable through
a graph read), and the contract test in `libs/checkpoint-conformance` so
third-party savers are covered too.

---------

Co-authored-by: PiedPiper911 <32931126+PiedPiper911@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-08-07 12:29:41 -04:00

699 lines
26 KiB
Python

from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import os
import pickle
import random
import shutil
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager, ExitStack
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Any
from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
WRITES_IDX_MAP,
BaseCheckpointSaver,
ChannelVersions,
Checkpoint,
CheckpointMetadata,
CheckpointTuple,
DeltaChannelHistory,
PendingWrite,
SerializerProtocol,
get_checkpoint_id,
get_checkpoint_metadata,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class InMemorySaver(
BaseCheckpointSaver[str], AbstractContextManager, AbstractAsyncContextManager
):
"""An in-memory checkpoint saver.
This checkpoint saver stores checkpoints in memory using a `defaultdict`.
Note:
Only use `InMemorySaver` for debugging or testing purposes.
For production use cases we recommend installing [langgraph-checkpoint-postgres](https://pypi.org/project/langgraph-checkpoint-postgres/) and using `PostgresSaver` / `AsyncPostgresSaver`.
If you are using LangSmith Deployment, no checkpointer needs to be specified. The correct managed checkpointer will be used automatically.
Args:
serde: The serializer to use for serializing and deserializing checkpoints.
Example:
```python
import asyncio
from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
builder = StateGraph(int)
builder.add_node("add_one", lambda x: x + 1)
builder.set_entry_point("add_one")
builder.set_finish_point("add_one")
memory = InMemorySaver()
graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=memory)
coro = graph.ainvoke(1, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "thread-1"}})
asyncio.run(coro) # Output: 2
```
"""
# thread ID -> checkpoint NS -> checkpoint ID -> checkpoint mapping
storage: defaultdict[
str,
dict[str, dict[str, tuple[tuple[str, bytes], tuple[str, bytes], str | None]]],
]
# (thread ID, checkpoint NS, checkpoint ID) -> (task ID, write idx)
writes: defaultdict[
tuple[str, str, str],
dict[tuple[str, int], tuple[str, str, tuple[str, bytes], str]],
]
blobs: dict[
tuple[
str, str, str, str | int | float
], # thread id, checkpoint ns, channel, version
tuple[str, bytes],
]
def __init__(
self,
*,
serde: SerializerProtocol | None = None,
factory: type[defaultdict] = defaultdict,
) -> None:
super().__init__(serde=serde)
self.storage = factory(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
self.writes = factory(dict)
self.blobs = factory()
self.stack = ExitStack()
if factory is not defaultdict:
self.stack.enter_context(self.storage) # type: ignore[arg-type]
self.stack.enter_context(self.writes) # type: ignore[arg-type]
self.stack.enter_context(self.blobs) # type: ignore[arg-type]
def __enter__(self) -> InMemorySaver:
self.stack.__enter__()
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_value: BaseException | None,
traceback: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
return self.stack.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
async def __aenter__(self) -> InMemorySaver:
self.stack.__enter__()
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
__exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
__exc_value: BaseException | None,
__traceback: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
return self.stack.__exit__(__exc_type, __exc_value, __traceback)
def _load_blobs(
self,
thread_id: str,
checkpoint_ns: str,
versions: ChannelVersions,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
result: dict[str, Any] = {}
for k, ver in versions.items():
kk = (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, k, ver)
if kk not in self.blobs:
continue
vv = self.blobs[kk]
if vv[0] == "empty":
continue
result[k] = self.serde.loads_typed(vv)
return result
def get_delta_channel_history(
self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
"""Override: walk the parent chain ONCE for all requested channels.
Each channel terminates independently at the nearest ancestor
whose stored blob is non-empty. Other channels keep walking until
they find their own terminator or hit the root.
A blob is the value AT its ancestor, prior to the writes stored
under that same ancestor (those writes produce its child, which
is on the path to the target). This holds for `_DeltaSnapshot`
blobs and for pre-delta plain values alike, so the seed
ancestor's own writes are always collected. Writes at ancestors
older than the seed are subsumed by the seed value and are never
reached — the walk terminates there.
"""
if not channels:
return {}
thread_id = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
checkpoint_id = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_id", "")
ns_storage = self.storage.get(thread_id, {}).get(checkpoint_ns, {})
chain: list[str] = []
target_entry = ns_storage.get(checkpoint_id)
current: str | None = target_entry[2] if target_entry is not None else None
while current is not None:
entry = ns_storage.get(current)
if entry is None:
break
chain.append(current)
_, _, parent = entry
current = parent
collected_by_ch: dict[str, list[PendingWrite]] = {c: [] for c in channels}
seed_by_ch: dict[str, Any] = {}
remaining: set[str] = set(channels)
for cp_id in chain:
if not remaining:
break
entry = ns_storage.get(cp_id)
ckpt = self.serde.loads_typed(entry[0]) if entry is not None else None
terminated_here: set[str] = set()
blob_value_by_ch: dict[str, Any] = {}
if ckpt is not None:
versions = ckpt.get("channel_versions", {})
for ch in remaining:
ver = versions.get(ch)
if ver is None:
continue
blob_entry = self.blobs.get((thread_id, checkpoint_ns, ch, ver))
if blob_entry is None or blob_entry[0] == "empty":
continue
blob_value_by_ch[ch] = self.serde.loads_typed(blob_entry)
terminated_here.add(ch)
step_writes = self.writes.get((thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cp_id), {})
for (_task_id, _idx), (tid, ch, serialized, _) in sorted(
step_writes.items(), reverse=True
):
if ch not in remaining:
continue
collected_by_ch[ch].append(
(tid, ch, self.serde.loads_typed(serialized))
)
for ch in terminated_here:
seed_by_ch[ch] = blob_value_by_ch[ch]
remaining.discard(ch)
result: dict[str, DeltaChannelHistory] = {}
for ch in channels:
entry_h: DeltaChannelHistory = {
"writes": list(reversed(collected_by_ch[ch]))
}
if ch in seed_by_ch:
entry_h["seed"] = seed_by_ch[ch]
result[ch] = entry_h
return result
async def aget_delta_channel_history(
self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
return self.get_delta_channel_history(config=config, channels=channels)
def get_tuple(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> CheckpointTuple | None:
"""Get a checkpoint tuple from the in-memory storage.
This method retrieves a checkpoint tuple from the in-memory storage based on the
provided config. If the config contains a `checkpoint_id` key, the checkpoint with
the matching thread ID and timestamp is retrieved. Otherwise, the latest checkpoint
for the given thread ID is retrieved.
Args:
config: The config to use for retrieving the checkpoint.
Returns:
The retrieved checkpoint tuple, or None if no matching checkpoint was found.
"""
thread_id: str = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
checkpoint_ns: str = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
if checkpoint_id := get_checkpoint_id(config):
if saved := self.storage[thread_id][checkpoint_ns].get(checkpoint_id):
checkpoint, metadata, parent_checkpoint_id = saved
writes = self.writes[(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)].values()
checkpoint_: Checkpoint = self.serde.loads_typed(checkpoint)
return CheckpointTuple(
config=config,
checkpoint={
**checkpoint_,
"channel_values": self._load_blobs(
thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_["channel_versions"]
),
},
metadata=self.serde.loads_typed(metadata),
pending_writes=[
(id, c, self.serde.loads_typed(v)) for id, c, v, _ in writes
],
parent_config=(
{
"configurable": {
"thread_id": thread_id,
"checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
"checkpoint_id": parent_checkpoint_id,
}
}
if parent_checkpoint_id
else None
),
)
else:
if checkpoints := self.storage[thread_id][checkpoint_ns]:
checkpoint_id = max(checkpoints.keys())
checkpoint, metadata, parent_checkpoint_id = checkpoints[checkpoint_id]
writes = self.writes[(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)].values()
checkpoint_ = self.serde.loads_typed(checkpoint)
return CheckpointTuple(
config={
"configurable": {
"thread_id": thread_id,
"checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
"checkpoint_id": checkpoint_id,
}
},
checkpoint={
**checkpoint_,
"channel_values": self._load_blobs(
thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_["channel_versions"]
),
},
metadata=self.serde.loads_typed(metadata),
pending_writes=[
(id, c, self.serde.loads_typed(v)) for id, c, v, _ in writes
],
parent_config=(
{
"configurable": {
"thread_id": thread_id,
"checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
"checkpoint_id": parent_checkpoint_id,
}
}
if parent_checkpoint_id
else None
),
)
def list(
self,
config: RunnableConfig | None,
*,
filter: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
before: RunnableConfig | None = None,
limit: int | None = None,
) -> Iterator[CheckpointTuple]:
"""List checkpoints from the in-memory storage.
This method retrieves a list of checkpoint tuples from the in-memory storage based
on the provided criteria.
Args:
config: Base configuration for filtering checkpoints.
filter: Additional filtering criteria for metadata.
before: List checkpoints created before this configuration.
limit: Maximum number of checkpoints to return.
Yields:
An iterator of matching checkpoint tuples.
"""
thread_ids = (config["configurable"]["thread_id"],) if config else self.storage
config_checkpoint_ns = (
config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns") if config else None
)
config_checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config) if config else None
for thread_id in thread_ids:
for checkpoint_ns in self.storage[thread_id].keys():
if (
config_checkpoint_ns is not None
and checkpoint_ns != config_checkpoint_ns
):
continue
for checkpoint_id, (
checkpoint,
metadata_b,
parent_checkpoint_id,
) in sorted(
self.storage[thread_id][checkpoint_ns].items(),
key=lambda x: x[0],
reverse=True,
):
# filter by checkpoint ID from config
if config_checkpoint_id and checkpoint_id != config_checkpoint_id:
continue
# filter by checkpoint ID from `before` config
if (
before
and (before_checkpoint_id := get_checkpoint_id(before))
and checkpoint_id >= before_checkpoint_id
):
continue
# filter by metadata
metadata = self.serde.loads_typed(metadata_b)
if filter and not all(
query_value == metadata.get(query_key)
for query_key, query_value in filter.items()
):
continue
# limit search results
if limit is not None and limit <= 0:
break
elif limit is not None:
limit -= 1
writes = self.writes[
(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
].values()
checkpoint_: Checkpoint = self.serde.loads_typed(checkpoint)
yield CheckpointTuple(
config={
"configurable": {
"thread_id": thread_id,
"checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
"checkpoint_id": checkpoint_id,
}
},
checkpoint={
**checkpoint_,
"channel_values": self._load_blobs(
thread_id,
checkpoint_ns,
checkpoint_["channel_versions"],
),
},
metadata=metadata,
parent_config=(
{
"configurable": {
"thread_id": thread_id,
"checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
"checkpoint_id": parent_checkpoint_id,
}
}
if parent_checkpoint_id
else None
),
pending_writes=[
(id, c, self.serde.loads_typed(v)) for id, c, v, _ in writes
],
)
def put(
self,
config: RunnableConfig,
checkpoint: Checkpoint,
metadata: CheckpointMetadata,
new_versions: ChannelVersions,
) -> RunnableConfig:
"""Save a checkpoint to the in-memory storage.
This method saves a checkpoint to the in-memory storage. The checkpoint is associated
with the provided config.
Args:
config: The config to associate with the checkpoint.
checkpoint: The checkpoint to save.
metadata: Additional metadata to save with the checkpoint.
new_versions: New versions as of this write
Returns:
RunnableConfig: The updated config containing the saved checkpoint's timestamp.
"""
c = checkpoint.copy()
thread_id = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]
values: dict[str, Any] = c.pop("channel_values") # type: ignore[misc]
for k, v in new_versions.items():
self.blobs[(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, k, v)] = (
self.serde.dumps_typed(values[k]) if k in values else ("empty", b"")
)
self.storage[thread_id][checkpoint_ns].update(
{
checkpoint["id"]: (
self.serde.dumps_typed(c),
self.serde.dumps_typed(get_checkpoint_metadata(config, metadata)),
config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_id"), # parent
)
}
)
return {
"configurable": {
"thread_id": thread_id,
"checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
"checkpoint_id": checkpoint["id"],
}
}
def put_writes(
self,
config: RunnableConfig,
writes: Sequence[tuple[str, Any]],
task_id: str,
task_path: str = "",
) -> None:
"""Save a list of writes to the in-memory storage.
This method saves a list of writes to the in-memory storage. The writes are associated
with the provided config.
Args:
config: The config to associate with the writes.
writes: The writes to save.
task_id: Identifier for the task creating the writes.
task_path: Path of the task creating the writes.
Returns:
RunnableConfig: The updated config containing the saved writes' timestamp.
"""
thread_id = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
checkpoint_id = config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
outer_key = (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
outer_writes_ = self.writes.get(outer_key)
for idx, (c, v) in enumerate(writes):
inner_key = (task_id, WRITES_IDX_MAP.get(c, idx))
if inner_key[1] >= 0 and outer_writes_ and inner_key in outer_writes_:
continue
self.writes[outer_key][inner_key] = (
task_id,
c,
self.serde.dumps_typed(v),
task_path,
)
def delete_thread(self, thread_id: str) -> None:
"""Delete all checkpoints and writes associated with a thread ID.
Args:
thread_id: The thread ID to delete.
Returns:
None
"""
if thread_id in self.storage:
del self.storage[thread_id]
for k in list(self.writes.keys()):
if k[0] == thread_id:
del self.writes[k]
for k in list(self.blobs.keys()):
if k[0] == thread_id:
del self.blobs[k]
async def aget_tuple(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> CheckpointTuple | None:
"""Asynchronous version of `get_tuple`.
This method is an asynchronous wrapper around `get_tuple` that runs the synchronous
method in a separate thread using asyncio.
Args:
config: The config to use for retrieving the checkpoint.
Returns:
The retrieved checkpoint tuple, or None if no matching checkpoint was found.
"""
return self.get_tuple(config)
async def alist(
self,
config: RunnableConfig | None,
*,
filter: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
before: RunnableConfig | None = None,
limit: int | None = None,
) -> AsyncIterator[CheckpointTuple]:
"""Asynchronous version of `list`.
This method is an asynchronous wrapper around `list` that runs the synchronous
method in a separate thread using asyncio.
Args:
config: The config to use for listing the checkpoints.
Yields:
An asynchronous iterator of checkpoint tuples.
"""
for item in self.list(config, filter=filter, before=before, limit=limit):
yield item
async def aput(
self,
config: RunnableConfig,
checkpoint: Checkpoint,
metadata: CheckpointMetadata,
new_versions: ChannelVersions,
) -> RunnableConfig:
"""Asynchronous version of `put`.
Args:
config: The config to associate with the checkpoint.
checkpoint: The checkpoint to save.
metadata: Additional metadata to save with the checkpoint.
new_versions: New versions as of this write
Returns:
RunnableConfig: The updated config containing the saved checkpoint's timestamp.
"""
return self.put(config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions)
async def aput_writes(
self,
config: RunnableConfig,
writes: Sequence[tuple[str, Any]],
task_id: str,
task_path: str = "",
) -> None:
"""Asynchronous version of `put_writes`.
This method is an asynchronous wrapper around `put_writes` that runs the synchronous
method in a separate thread using asyncio.
Args:
config: The config to associate with the writes.
writes: The writes to save, each as a (channel, value) pair.
task_id: Identifier for the task creating the writes.
task_path: Path of the task creating the writes.
Returns:
None
"""
return self.put_writes(config, writes, task_id, task_path)
async def adelete_thread(self, thread_id: str) -> None:
"""Delete all checkpoints and writes associated with a thread ID.
Args:
thread_id: The thread ID to delete.
Returns:
None
"""
return self.delete_thread(thread_id)
def get_next_version(self, current: str | None, channel: None) -> str:
if current is None:
current_v = 0
elif isinstance(current, int):
current_v = current
else:
current_v = int(current.split(".")[0])
next_v = current_v + 1
next_h = random.random()
return f"{next_v:032}.{next_h:016}"
MemorySaver = InMemorySaver # Kept for backwards compatibility
class PersistentDict(defaultdict):
"""Persistent dictionary with an API compatible with shelve and anydbm.
The dict is kept in memory, so the dictionary operations run as fast as
a regular dictionary.
Write to disk is delayed until close or sync (similar to gdbm's fast mode).
Input file format is automatically discovered.
Output file format is selectable between pickle, json, and csv.
All three serialization formats are backed by fast C implementations.
Adapted from https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576642-persistent-dict-with-multiple-standard-file-format/
"""
def __init__(self, *args: Any, filename: str, **kwds: Any) -> None:
self.flag = "c" # r=readonly, c=create, or n=new
self.mode = None # None or an octal triple like 0644
self.format = "pickle" # 'csv', 'json', or 'pickle'
self.filename = filename
super().__init__(*args, **kwds)
def sync(self) -> None:
"Write dict to disk"
if self.flag == "r":
return
tempname = self.filename + ".tmp"
fileobj = open(tempname, "wb" if self.format == "pickle" else "w")
try:
self.dump(fileobj)
except Exception:
os.remove(tempname)
raise
finally:
fileobj.close()
shutil.move(tempname, self.filename) # atomic commit
if self.mode is not None:
os.chmod(self.filename, self.mode)
def close(self) -> None:
self.sync()
self.clear()
def __enter__(self) -> PersistentDict:
return self
def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
self.close()
def dump(self, fileobj: Any) -> None:
if self.format == "pickle":
pickle.dump(dict(self), fileobj, 2)
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Unknown format: " + repr(self.format))
def load(self) -> None:
# try formats from most restrictive to least restrictive
if self.flag == "n":
return
with open(self.filename, "rb" if self.format == "pickle" else "r") as fileobj:
for loader in (pickle.load,):
fileobj.seek(0)
try:
return self.update(loader(fileobj))
except EOFError:
return
except Exception:
logger.error(f"Failed to load file: {fileobj.name}")
raise
raise ValueError("File not in a supported format")