diff --git a/src/backend/core/models.py b/src/backend/core/models.py
index e2da00912..091c0f759 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/models.py
+++ b/src/backend/core/models.py
@@ -2038,6 +2038,14 @@ class Mention(BaseModel):
             .exists()
         )
 
+    @property
+    def notification_guard_key(self):
+        """Cache key claiming a notification slot for this mention's context."""
+        return (
+            "mention-notify:"
+            f"{self.document_id}:{self.mentioned_user_id}:{self.thread_id or ''}"
+        )
+
     def notify(self, language=None):
         """Send the mention notification email unless the context is in cooldown.
 
@@ -2048,6 +2056,16 @@ class Mention(BaseModel):
         if user is None or not user.email or self.is_notification_in_cooldown():
             return False
 
+        # Guard against concurrent notification tasks for the same context.
+        # cache.add is atomic on the shared Redis backend: only the first task
+        # acquires the key and proceeds, the others get False
+        if not cache.add(
+            self.notification_guard_key,
+            str(self.pk),
+            timeout=settings.MENTION_NOTIFICATION_COOLDOWN_MINUTES * 60,
+        ):
+            return False
+
         sender = self.mentioned_by_user
         language = (
             language or user.language or sender.language or settings.LANGUAGE_CODE
diff --git a/src/backend/core/tests/documents/test_api_documents_mention.py b/src/backend/core/tests/documents/test_api_documents_mention.py
index a139c878e..5b65b3c4f 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/tests/documents/test_api_documents_mention.py
+++ b/src/backend/core/tests/documents/test_api_documents_mention.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import random
 from datetime import timedelta
 
 from django.core import mail
+from django.core.cache import cache
 from django.utils import timezone
 
 import pytest
@@ -446,11 +447,14 @@ def test_api_documents_mention_cooldown_expired(settings):
     assert response.status_code == 201
     assert len(mail.outbox) == 1
 
-    # Age the first mention beyond the cooldown period
+    # Age the first mention beyond the cooldown period. The concurrency guard
+    # key expires together with the cooldown in real time, so drop it too.
+    first_mention = models.Mention.objects.get()
     expired = timezone.now() - timedelta(
         minutes=settings.MENTION_NOTIFICATION_COOLDOWN_MINUTES + 1
     )
     models.Mention.objects.update(created_at=expired, notified_at=expired)
+    cache.delete(first_mention.notification_guard_key)
 
     response = client.post(
         f"/api/v1.0/documents/{document.id!s}/mention/",
diff --git a/src/backend/core/tests/test_models_mentions.py b/src/backend/core/tests/test_models_mentions.py
index b906299c7..da6197e5b 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/tests/test_models_mentions.py
+++ b/src/backend/core/tests/test_models_mentions.py
@@ -81,3 +81,28 @@ def test_models_mentions_notify_mentioned_user_deleted():
     assert mention.notified_at is None
     # pylint: disable-next=no-member
     assert len(mail.outbox) == 0
+
+
+def test_models_mentions_notify_concurrent_duplicate():
+    """A notification should be suppressed when the context guard is already claimed.
+
+    Simulates two notification tasks racing on the same context: the second
+    task reads the database before the first one commits its `notified_at`
+    update, so the cache guard is the only thing preventing a duplicate email.
+    """
+    document = factories.DocumentFactory()
+    mentioned_user = factories.UserFactory()
+    first = factories.MentionFactory(document=document, mentioned_user=mentioned_user)
+    second = factories.MentionFactory(document=document, mentioned_user=mentioned_user)
+
+    assert first.notify() is True
+
+    # Hide the first notification from the database cooldown check, as a
+    # concurrent task would see it before the first task commits.
+    models.Mention.objects.filter(pk=first.pk).update(notified_at=None)
+    assert second.is_notification_in_cooldown() is False
+
+    assert second.notify() is False
+    assert second.notified_at is None
+    # pylint: disable-next=no-member
+    assert len(mail.outbox) == 1