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.. program:: unbound-anchor

unbound-anchor(8)
=================

Synopsis
--------

**unbound-anchor** [``opts``]

Description
-----------

``unbound-anchor`` performs setup or update of the root trust anchor for DNSSEC
validation.
The program fetches the trust anchor with the method from :rfc:`7958` when
regular :rfc:`5011` update fails to bring it up to date.
It can be run from the commandline, or run as part of startup scripts before
you start the :doc:`unbound(8)</manpages/unbound>` DNS server.

Note that if you want to use :rfc:`5011` with Unbound (i.e., the
:ref:`auto-trust-anchor-file<unbound.conf.auto-trust-anchor-file>` option) so
that trust anchor information is automatically tracked by Unbound during
operation, the user that Unbound runs under (by default 'unbound') must have
write permissions to the file and the directory the file lives in (for creating
temporary files).
In this case you would probably want to run this program as the designated
Unbound user.

Suggested usage:

.. code-block:: text

   # in the init scripts.
   # provide or update the root anchor (if necessary)
   unbound-anchor -a "@UNBOUND_ROOTKEY_FILE@"

   # Please note usage of this root anchor is at your own risk
   # and under the terms of our LICENSE (see source).
   #
   # start validating resolver
   # the unbound.conf contains:
   # auto-trust-anchor-file: "@UNBOUND_ROOTKEY_FILE@"
   unbound -c unbound.conf

This tool provides builtin default contents for the root anchor and root update
certificate files.

It tests if the root anchor file works, and if not, and an update is possible,
attempts to update the root anchor using the root update certificate.
It performs a https fetch of
`root-anchors.xml <http://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml>`__
and checks the results (:rfc:`7958`); if all checks are successful, it updates
the root anchor file.
Otherwise the root anchor file is unchanged.
It performs :rfc:`5011` tracking if the DNSSEC information available via the
DNS makes that possible.

It does not perform an update if the certificate is expired, if the network is
down or other errors occur.

The available options are:

.. option:: -a <file>

       The root anchor key file, that is read in and written out.
       Default is :file:`@UNBOUND_ROOTKEY_FILE@`.
       If the file does not exist, or is empty, a builtin root key is written
       to it.

.. option:: -c <file>

       The root update certificate file, that is read in.
       Default is :file:`@UNBOUND_ROOTCERT_FILE@`.
       If the file does not exist, or is empty, a builtin certificate is used.

.. option:: -l

       List the builtin root key and builtin root update certificate on stdout.

.. option:: -u <name>

       The server name, it connects to ``https://name``.
       Specify without ``https://`` prefix.
       The default is ``"data.iana.org"``.
       It connects to the port specified with :option:`-P`.
       You can pass an IPv4 address or IPv6 address (no brackets) if you want.

.. option:: -S

       Do not use SNI for the HTTPS connection.
       Default is to use SNI.

.. option:: -b <address>

       The source address to bind to for domain resolution and contacting the
       server on https.
       May be either an IPv4 address or IPv6 address (no brackets).

.. option:: -x <path>

       The pathname to the root-anchors.xml file on the server.
       (forms URL with :option:`-u`).
       The default is :file:`/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml`.

.. option:: -s <path>

       The pathname to the root-anchors.p7s file on the server.
       (forms URL with :option:`-u`).
       The default is :file:`/root-anchors/root-anchors.p7s`.
       This file has to be a PKCS7 signature over the xml file, using the pem
       file (:option:`-c`) as trust anchor.

.. option:: -n <name>

       The emailAddress for the Subject of the signer's certificate from the
       p7s signature file.
       Only signatures from this name are allowed.
       The default is ``dnssec@iana.org``.
       If you pass ``""`` then the emailAddress is not checked.

.. option:: -4

       Use IPv4 for domain resolution and contacting the server on
       https.
       Default is to use IPv4 and IPv6 where appropriate.

.. option:: -6

       Use IPv6 for domain resolution and contacting the server on https.
       Default is to use IPv4 and IPv6 where appropriate.

.. option:: -f <resolv.conf>

       Use the given resolv.conf file.
       Not enabled by default, but you could try to pass
       :file:`/etc/resolv.conf` on some systems.
       It contains the IP addresses of the recursive nameservers to use.
       However, since this tool could be used to bootstrap that very recursive
       nameserver, it would not be useful (since that server is not up yet,
       since we are bootstrapping it).
       It could be useful in a situation where you know an upstream cache is
       deployed (and running) and in captive portal situations.

.. option:: -r <root.hints>

       Use the given root.hints file (same syntax as the BIND and Unbound root
       hints file) to bootstrap domain resolution.
       By default a list of builtin root hints is used.
       unbound-anchor goes to the network itself for these roots, to resolve
       the server (:option:`-u` option) and to check the root DNSKEY records.
       It does so, because the tool when used for bootstrapping the recursive
       resolver, cannot use that recursive resolver itself because it is
       bootstrapping that server.

.. option:: -R

       Allow fallback from :option:`-f` ``<resolv.conf>`` file to direct root
       servers query.
       It allows you to prefer local resolvers, but fallback automatically to
       direct root query if they do not respond or do not support DNSSEC.

.. option:: -v

       More verbose.
       Once prints informational messages, multiple times may enable large
       debug amounts (such as full certificates or byte-dumps of downloaded
       files).
       By default it prints almost nothing.
       It also prints nothing on errors by default; in that case the original
       root anchor file is simply left undisturbed, so that a recursive server
       can start right after it.

.. option:: -C <unbound.conf>

       Debug option to read :file:`<unbound.conf>` into the resolver process
       used.

.. option:: -P <port>

       Set the port number to use for the https connection.
       The default is 443.

.. option:: -F

       Debug option to force update of the root anchor through downloading the
       xml file and verifying it with the certificate.
       By default it first tries to update by contacting the DNS, which uses
       much less bandwidth, is much faster (200 msec not 2 sec), and is nicer
       to the deployed infrastructure.
       With this option, it still attempts to do so (and may verbosely tell
       you), but then ignores the result and goes on to use the xml fallback
       method.

.. option:: -h

       Show the version and commandline option help.

Exit Code
---------

This tool exits with value 1 if the root anchor was updated using the
certificate or if the builtin root-anchor was used.
It exits with code 0 if no update was necessary, if the update was possible
with :rfc:`5011` tracking, or if an error occurred.

You can check the exit value in this manner:

.. code-block:: text

       unbound-anchor -a "root.key" || logger "Please check root.key"

Or something more suitable for your operational environment.

Trust
-----

The root keys and update certificate included in this tool are provided for
convenience and under the terms of our license (see the LICENSE file in the
source distribution or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/blob/master/LICENSE
and might be stale or not suitable to your purpose.

By running :option:`unbound-anchor -l` the keys and certificate that are
configured in the code are printed for your convenience.

The built-in configuration can be overridden by providing a root-cert file and
a rootkey file.

Files
-----

@UNBOUND_ROOTKEY_FILE@
       The root anchor file, updated with 5011 tracking, and read and written
       to.
       The file is created if it does not exist.

@UNBOUND_ROOTCERT_FILE@
       The trusted self-signed certificate that is used to verify the
       downloaded DNSSEC root trust anchor.
       You can update it by fetching it from
       https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/icannbundle.pem (and validate it).
       If the file does not exist or is empty, a builtin version is used.

https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml
       Source for the root key information.

https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.p7s
       Signature on the root key information.

See Also
--------

:doc:`unbound.conf(5)</manpages/unbound.conf>`,
:doc:`unbound(8)</manpages/unbound>`.
