mirror of
https://github.com/volatilityfoundation/volatility3.git
synced 2026-09-29 13:04:58 +02:00
644 lines
25 KiB
Python
644 lines
25 KiB
Python
import collections.abc
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import functools
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import logging
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import typing
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from volatility.framework import constants, exceptions, interfaces, objects, renderers
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from volatility.framework.layers import intel
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from volatility.framework.objects import utility as objects_utility
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from volatility.framework.symbols import generic, utility as symbols_utility
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from volatility.framework.symbols.windows.extensions.registry import RegKeyFlags
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vollog = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# Keep these in a basic module, to prevent import cycles when symbol providers require them
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class _POOL_HEADER(objects.Struct):
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"""A kernel pool allocation header. Exists at the base of the
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allocation and provides a tag that we can scan for."""
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def get_object(self,
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type_name: str,
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native_layer_name: str = None,
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object_type: str = None) -> typing.Optional[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface]:
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"""Carve an object or data structure from a kernel pool allocation.
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:param type_name: the data structure type name
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:param native_layer_name: the name of the layer where the data originally lived
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:param object_type: the object type (executive kernel objects only)
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:return:
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"""
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symbol_table_name = self.vol.type_name.split(constants.BANG)[0]
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pool_header_size = self._context.symbol_space.get_type(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "_POOL_HEADER").size
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# if there is no object type, then just instantiate a structure
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if object_type is None:
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mem_object = self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + type_name,
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layer_name = self.vol.layer_name,
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offset = self.vol.offset + pool_header_size,
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native_layer_name = native_layer_name)
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return mem_object
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# otherwise we have an executive object in the pool
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else:
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alignment = pool_header_size
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type_size = self._context.symbol_space.get_type(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + type_name).size
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rounded_size = objects_utility.round(type_size, alignment, up = True)
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mem_object = self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + type_name,
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layer_name = self.vol.layer_name,
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offset = self.vol.offset + self.BlockSize * alignment - rounded_size,
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native_layer_name = native_layer_name)
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object_header = mem_object.object_header()
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try:
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object_type_string = object_header.NameInfo.Name.String
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if object_type_string == object_type:
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return mem_object
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else:
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return None
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except (TypeError, exceptions.InvalidAddressException):
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return None
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class _KSYSTEM_TIME(objects.Struct):
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"""A system time structure that stores a high and low part."""
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def get_time(self):
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wintime = (self.High1Time << 32) | self.LowPart
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return objects_utility.wintime_to_datetime(wintime)
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class _MMVAD_SHORT(objects.Struct):
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"""A class that represents process virtual memory ranges. Each instance
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is a node in a binary tree structure and is pointed to by VadRoot."""
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@functools.lru_cache(maxsize = None)
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def get_tag(self):
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vad_address = self.vol.offset
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# the offset is different on 32 and 64 bits
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symbol_table_name = self.vol.type_name.split(constants.BANG)[0]
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if not symbols_utility.symbol_table_is_64bit(self.context, symbol_table_name):
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vad_address -= 4
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else:
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vad_address -= 12
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try:
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# TODO: instantiate a _POOL_HEADER and return PoolTag
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bytesobj = self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "bytes",
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layer_name = self.vol.layer_name,
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offset = vad_address,
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native_layer_name = self.vol.native_layer_name,
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length = 4)
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return bytesobj.decode()
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except exceptions.InvalidAddressException:
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return None
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except UnicodeDecodeError:
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return None
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def traverse(self, visited = None, depth = 0):
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"""Traverse the VAD tree, determining each underlying VAD node type by looking
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up the pool tag for the structure and then casting into a new object."""
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# TODO: this is an arbitrary limit chosen based on past observations
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if depth > 100:
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vollog.log(constants.LOGLEVEL_VVV, "Vad tree is too deep, something went wrong!")
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raise RuntimeError("Vad tree is too deep")
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if visited == None:
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visited = set()
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vad_address = self.vol.offset
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if vad_address in visited:
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vollog.log(constants.LOGLEVEL_VVV, "VAD node already seen!")
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return
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visited.add(vad_address)
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tag = self.get_tag()
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if tag in ["VadS", "VadF"]:
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target = "_MMVAD_SHORT"
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elif tag != None and tag.startswith("Vad"):
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target = "_MMVAD"
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elif depth == 0:
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# the root node at depth 0 is allowed to not have a tag
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# but we still want to continue and access its right & left child
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target = None
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else:
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# any node other than the root that doesn't have a recognized tag
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# is just garbage and we skip the node entirely
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vollog.log(constants.LOGLEVEL_VVV,
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"Skipping VAD at {} depth {} with tag {}".format(self.vol.offset, depth, tag))
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return
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if target:
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vad_object = self.cast(target)
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yield vad_object
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for vad_node in self.get_left_child().dereference().traverse(visited, depth + 1):
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yield vad_node
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for vad_node in self.get_right_child().dereference().traverse(visited, depth + 1):
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yield vad_node
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def get_right_child(self):
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"""Get the right child member"""
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if self.has_member("RightChild"):
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return self.RightChild
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elif self.has_member("Right"):
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return self.Right
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the right child member")
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def get_left_child(self):
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"""Get the left child member"""
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if self.has_member("LeftChild"):
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return self.LeftChild
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elif self.has_member("Left"):
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return self.Left
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the left child member")
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def get_parent(self):
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"""Get the VAD's parent member"""
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# this is for xp and 2003
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if self.has_member("Parent"):
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return self.Parent
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# this is for vista through windows 7
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elif self.has_member("u1") and self.u1.has_member("Parent"):
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return self.u1.Parent & ~0x3
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# this is for windows 8 and 10
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elif self.has_member("VadNode"):
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if self.VadNode.has_member("u1"):
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return self.VadNode.u1.Parent & ~0x3
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elif self.VadNode.has_member("ParentValue"):
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return self.VadNode.ParentValue & ~0x3
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# also for windows 8 and 10
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elif self.has_member("Core"):
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if self.Core.VadNode.has_member("u1"):
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return self.Core.VadNode.u1.Parent & ~0x3
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elif self.Core.VadNode.has_member("ParentValue"):
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return self.Core.VadNode.ParentValue & ~0x3
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the parent member")
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def get_start(self):
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"""Get the VAD's starting virtual address"""
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if self.has_member("StartingVpn"):
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if self.has_member("StartingVpnHigh"):
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return (self.StartingVpn << 12) | (self.StartingVpnHigh << 44)
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else:
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return self.StartingVpn << 12
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elif self.has_member("Core"):
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if self.Core.has_member("StartingVpnHigh"):
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return (self.Core.StartingVpn << 12) | (self.Core.StartingVpnHigh << 44)
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else:
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return self.Core.StartingVpn << 12
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the starting VPN member")
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def get_end(self):
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"""Get the VAD's ending virtual address"""
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if self.has_member("EndingVpn"):
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if self.has_member("EndingVpnHigh"):
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return (self.EndingVpn << 12) | (self.EndingVpnHigh << 44)
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else:
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return ((self.EndingVpn + 1) << 12) - 1
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elif self.has_member("Core"):
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if self.Core.has_member("EndingVpnHigh"):
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return (self.Core.EndingVpn << 12) | (self.Core.EndingVpnHigh << 44)
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else:
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return ((self.Core.EndingVpn + 1) << 12) - 1
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the ending VPN member")
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def get_commit_charge(self):
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"""Get the VAD's commit charge (number of committed pages)"""
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if self.has_member("u1") and self.u1.has_member("VadFlags1"):
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return self.u1.VadFlags1.CommitCharge
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elif self.has_member("u") and self.u.has_member("VadFlags"):
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return self.u.VadFlags.CommitCharge
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elif self.has_member("Core"):
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return self.Core.u1.VadFlags1.CommitCharge
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the commit charge member")
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def get_private_memory(self):
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"""Get the VAD's private memory setting"""
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if self.has_member("u1") and self.u1.has_member("VadFlags1") and self.u1.VadFlags1.has_member("PrivateMemory"):
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return self.u1.VadFlags1.PrivateMemory
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elif self.has_member("u") and self.u.has_member("VadFlags") and self.u.VadFlags.has_member("PrivateMemory"):
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return self.u.VadFlags.PrivateMemory
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elif self.has_member("Core"):
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if (self.Core.has_member("u1") and self.Core.u1.has_member(
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"VadFlags1") and self.Core.u1.VadFlags1.has_member("PrivateMemory")):
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return self.Core.u1.VadFlags1.PrivateMemory
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elif (self.Core.has_member("u") and self.Core.u.has_member("VadFlags") and self.Core.u.VadFlags.has_member(
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"PrivateMemory")):
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return self.Core.u.VadFlags.PrivateMemory
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raise AttributeError("Unable to find the private memory member")
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def get_protection(self, protect_values, winnt_protections):
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"""Get the VAD's protection constants as a string"""
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protect = None
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if self.has_member("u"):
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protect = self.u.VadFlags.Protection
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elif self.has_member("Core"):
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protect = self.Core.u.VadFlags.Protection
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try:
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value = protect_values[protect]
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except IndexError:
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value = 0
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names = []
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for name, mask in winnt_protections.items():
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if value & mask != 0:
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names.append(name)
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return "|".join(names)
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def get_file_name(self):
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"""Only long(er) vads have mapped files"""
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return renderers.NotApplicableValue()
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class _MMVAD(_MMVAD_SHORT):
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"""A version of the process virtual memory range structure that contains
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additional fields necessary to map files from disk."""
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def get_file_name(self):
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"""Get the name of the file mapped into the memory range (if any)"""
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file_name = renderers.NotApplicableValue()
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try:
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# this is for xp and 2003
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if self.has_member("ControlArea"):
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file_name = self.ControlArea.FilePointer.FileName.get_string()
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# this is for vista through windows 7
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else:
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file_name = self.Subsection.ControlArea.FilePointer.dereference().cast(
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"_FILE_OBJECT").FileName.get_string()
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except exceptions.PagedInvalidAddressException:
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pass
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return file_name
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class _EX_FAST_REF(objects.Struct):
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"""This is a standard Windows structure that stores a pointer to an
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object but also leverages the least significant bits to encode additional
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details. When dereferencing the pointer, we need to strip off the extra bits."""
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def dereference(self) -> interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface:
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if constants.BANG not in self.vol.type_name:
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raise ValueError("Invalid symbol table name syntax (no {} found)".format(constants.BANG))
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# the mask value is different on 32 and 64 bits
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symbol_table_name = self.vol.type_name.split(constants.BANG)[0]
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if not symbols_utility.symbol_table_is_64bit(self._context, symbol_table_name):
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max_fast_ref = 7
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else:
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max_fast_ref = 15
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return self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "pointer",
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layer_name = self.vol.layer_name,
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offset = self.Object & ~max_fast_ref,
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native_layer_name = self.vol.native_layer_name)
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class ExecutiveObject(interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface):
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"""This is used as a "mixin" that provides all kernel executive
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objects with a means of finding their own object header."""
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def object_header(self) -> '_OBJECT_HEADER':
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if constants.BANG not in self.vol.type_name:
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raise ValueError("Invalid symbol table name syntax (no {} found)".format(constants.BANG))
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symbol_table_name = self.vol.type_name.split(constants.BANG)[0]
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body_offset = self._context.symbol_space.get_type(
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symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "_OBJECT_HEADER").relative_child_offset("Body")
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return self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "_OBJECT_HEADER",
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layer_name = self.vol.layer_name,
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offset = self.vol.offset - body_offset,
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native_layer_name = self.vol.native_layer_name)
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class _CM_KEY_BODY(objects.Struct):
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"""This represents an open handle to a registry key and
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is not tied to the registry hive file format on disk."""
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def _skip_key_hive_entry_path(self, kcb_flags):
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"""Win10 14393 introduced an extra path element that it skips
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over by checking for Flags that contain KEY_HIVE_ENTRY"""
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# _CM_KEY_BODY.Trans introduced in Win10 14393
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if hasattr(self, "Trans") and RegKeyFlags.KEY_HIVE_ENTRY & kcb_flags == RegKeyFlags.KEY_HIVE_ENTRY:
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return True
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return False
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def get_full_key_name(self) -> str:
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output = []
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kcb = self.KeyControlBlock
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while kcb.ParentKcb:
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if kcb.NameBlock.Name == None:
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break
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if self._skip_key_hive_entry_path(kcb.Flags):
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kcb = kcb.ParentKcb
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if not kcb:
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break
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output.append(kcb.NameBlock.Name.cast("string",
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encoding = "utf8",
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max_length = kcb.NameBlock.NameLength,
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errors = "replace"))
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kcb = kcb.ParentKcb
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return "\\".join(reversed(output))
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class _DEVICE_OBJECT(objects.Struct, ExecutiveObject):
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"""A class for kernel device objects."""
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def get_device_name(self) -> str:
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header = self.object_header()
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return header.NameInfo.Name.String # type: ignore
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class _FILE_OBJECT(objects.Struct, ExecutiveObject):
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def file_name_with_device(self) -> typing.Union[str, interfaces.renderers.BaseAbsentValue]:
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name = renderers.UnreadableValue() # type: typing.Union[str, interfaces.renderers.BaseAbsentValue]
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if self._context.memory[self.vol.layer_name].is_valid(self.DeviceObject):
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name = "\\Device\\{}".format(self.DeviceObject.get_device_name())
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try:
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name += self.FileName.String
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except exceptions.PagedInvalidAddressException:
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pass
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return name
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class _OBJECT_HEADER(objects.Struct):
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"""A class for the headers for executive kernel objects, which contains
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quota information, ownership details, naming data, and ACLs."""
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@property
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def NameInfo(self) -> interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface:
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if constants.BANG not in self.vol.type_name:
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raise ValueError("Invalid symbol table name syntax (no {} found)".format(constants.BANG))
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symbol_table_name = self.vol.type_name.split(constants.BANG)[0]
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try:
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header_offset = ord(self.NameInfoOffset)
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except AttributeError:
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# http://codemachine.com/article_objectheader.html (Windows 7 and later)
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name_info_bit = 0x2
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layer = self._context.memory[self.vol.native_layer_name]
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kvo = layer.config.get("kernel_virtual_offset", None)
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if kvo == None:
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raise AttributeError("Could not find kernel_virtual_offset for layer: {}".format(self.vol.layer_name))
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ntkrnlmp = self._context.module(symbol_table_name, layer_name = self.vol.layer_name, offset = kvo)
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address = ntkrnlmp.get_symbol("ObpInfoMaskToOffset").address
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calculated_index = ord(self.InfoMask) & (name_info_bit | (name_info_bit - 1))
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header_offset = self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "unsigned char",
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layer_name = self.vol.native_layer_name,
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offset = address + calculated_index)
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header = self._context.object(symbol_table_name + constants.BANG + "_OBJECT_HEADER_NAME_INFO",
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layer_name = self.vol.layer_name,
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offset = self.vol.offset - header_offset,
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native_layer_name = self.vol.native_layer_name)
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return header
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class _ETHREAD(objects.Struct):
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"""A class for executive thread objects."""
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def owning_process(self, kernel_layer: str = None) -> interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface:
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"""Return the EPROCESS that owns this thread"""
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return self.ThreadsProcess.dereference(kernel_layer)
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class _UNICODE_STRING(objects.Struct):
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"""A class for Windows unicode string structures."""
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def get_string(self) -> interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface:
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# We explicitly do *not* catch errors here, we allow an exception to be thrown
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# (otherwise there's no way to determine anything went wrong)
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# It's up to the user of this method to catch exceptions
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return self.Buffer.dereference().cast("string", max_length = self.Length, errors = "replace",
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encoding = "utf16")
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String = property(get_string)
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class _EPROCESS(generic.GenericIntelProcess, ExecutiveObject):
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"""A class for executive kernel processes objects."""
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def add_process_layer(self,
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config_prefix: str = None,
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preferred_name: str = None):
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"""Constructs a new layer based on the process's DirectoryTableBase"""
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parent_layer = self._context.memory[self.vol.layer_name]
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if not isinstance(parent_layer, intel.Intel):
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# We can't get bits_per_register unless we're an intel space (since that's not defined at the higher layer)
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raise TypeError("Parent layer is not a translation layer, unable to construct process layer")
|
|
|
|
# Presumably for 64-bit systems, the DTB is defined as an array, rather than an unsigned long long
|
|
dtb = 0 # type: int
|
|
if isinstance(self.Pcb.DirectoryTableBase, objects.Array):
|
|
dtb = self.Pcb.DirectoryTableBase.cast("unsigned long long")
|
|
else:
|
|
dtb = self.Pcb.DirectoryTableBase
|
|
dtb = dtb & ((1 << parent_layer.bits_per_register) - 1)
|
|
|
|
# Add the constructed layer and return the name
|
|
return self._add_process_layer(self._context, dtb, config_prefix, preferred_name)
|
|
|
|
def load_order_modules(self) -> typing.Iterable[int]:
|
|
"""Generator for DLLs in the order that they were loaded"""
|
|
|
|
if constants.BANG not in self.vol.type_name:
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid symbol table name syntax (no {} found)".format(constants.BANG))
|
|
|
|
proc_layer_name = self.add_process_layer()
|
|
|
|
proc_layer = self._context.memory[proc_layer_name]
|
|
if not proc_layer.is_valid(self.Peb):
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
sym_table = self.vol.type_name.split(constants.BANG)[0]
|
|
peb = self._context.object("{}{}_PEB".format(sym_table, constants.BANG),
|
|
layer_name = proc_layer_name,
|
|
offset = self.Peb)
|
|
|
|
for entry in peb.Ldr.InLoadOrderModuleList.to_list(
|
|
"{}{}_LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY".format(sym_table, constants.BANG), "InLoadOrderLinks"):
|
|
yield entry
|
|
|
|
def get_handle_count(self):
|
|
try:
|
|
if self.has_member("ObjectTable"):
|
|
if self.ObjectTable.has_member("HandleCount"):
|
|
return self.ObjectTable.HandleCount
|
|
|
|
except exceptions.PagedInvalidAddressException:
|
|
vollog.log(constants.LOGLEVEL_VVV,
|
|
"Cannot access _EPROCESS.ObjectTable.HandleCount at {0:#x}".format(self.vol.offset))
|
|
|
|
return renderers.UnreadableValue()
|
|
|
|
def get_session_id(self):
|
|
try:
|
|
if self.has_member("Session"):
|
|
if self.Session == 0:
|
|
return renderers.NotApplicableValue()
|
|
|
|
layer_name = self.vol.layer_name
|
|
symbol_table_name = self.get_symbol_table().name
|
|
kvo = self._context.memory[layer_name].config['kernel_virtual_offset']
|
|
ntkrnlmp = self._context.module(symbol_table_name,
|
|
layer_name = layer_name,
|
|
offset = kvo,
|
|
native_layer_name = self.vol.native_layer_name)
|
|
session = ntkrnlmp.object(type_name = "_MM_SESSION_SPACE", offset = self.Session)
|
|
|
|
if session.has_member("SessionId"):
|
|
return session.SessionId
|
|
|
|
except exceptions.PagedInvalidAddressException:
|
|
vollog.log(constants.LOGLEVEL_VVV,
|
|
"Cannot access _EPROCESS.Session.SessionId at {0:#x}".format(self.vol.offset))
|
|
|
|
return renderers.UnreadableValue()
|
|
|
|
def get_create_time(self):
|
|
return objects_utility.wintime_to_datetime(self.CreateTime.QuadPart)
|
|
|
|
def get_exit_time(self):
|
|
return objects_utility.wintime_to_datetime(self.ExitTime.QuadPart)
|
|
|
|
def get_wow_64_process(self):
|
|
if self.has_member("Wow64Process"):
|
|
return self.Wow64Process
|
|
|
|
elif self.has_member("WoW64Process"):
|
|
return self.WoW64Process
|
|
|
|
raise AttributeError("Unable to find Wow64Process")
|
|
|
|
def get_is_wow64(self):
|
|
try:
|
|
value = self.get_wow_64_process()
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
return value != 0 and value != None
|
|
|
|
def get_vad_root(self):
|
|
|
|
# windows 8 and 2012 (_MM_AVL_TABLE)
|
|
if self.VadRoot.has_member("BalancedRoot"):
|
|
return self.VadRoot.BalancedRoot
|
|
|
|
# windows 8.1 and windows 10 (_RTL_AVL_TREE)
|
|
elif self.VadRoot.has_member("Root"):
|
|
return self.VadRoot.Root.dereference() # .cast("_MMVAD")
|
|
|
|
else:
|
|
# windows xp and 2003
|
|
return self.VadRoot.dereference().cast("_MMVAD")
|
|
|
|
|
|
class _LIST_ENTRY(objects.Struct, collections.abc.Iterable):
|
|
"""A class for double-linked lists on Windows."""
|
|
|
|
def to_list(self,
|
|
symbol_type: str,
|
|
member: str,
|
|
forward: bool = True,
|
|
sentinel: bool = True,
|
|
layer: typing.Optional[str] = None) -> typing.Iterator[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface]:
|
|
"""Returns an iterator of the entries in the list"""
|
|
|
|
layer = layer or self.vol.layer_name
|
|
|
|
relative_offset = self._context.symbol_space.get_type(symbol_type).relative_child_offset(member)
|
|
|
|
direction = 'Blink'
|
|
if forward:
|
|
direction = 'Flink'
|
|
link = getattr(self, direction).dereference()
|
|
|
|
if not sentinel:
|
|
yield self._context.object(symbol_type,
|
|
layer,
|
|
offset = self.vol.offset - relative_offset,
|
|
native_layer_name = layer or self.vol.native_layer_name)
|
|
|
|
seen = {self.vol.offset}
|
|
while link.vol.offset not in seen:
|
|
|
|
obj = self._context.object(symbol_type,
|
|
layer,
|
|
offset = link.vol.offset - relative_offset,
|
|
native_layer_name = layer or self.vol.native_layer_name)
|
|
yield obj
|
|
|
|
seen.add(link.vol.offset)
|
|
link = getattr(link, direction).dereference()
|
|
|
|
def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface]:
|
|
return self.to_list(self.vol.parent.vol.type_name, self.vol.member_name)
|