volatility3/volatility/framework/plugins/windows/malfind.py

# This file is Copyright 2019 Volatility Foundation and licensed under the Volatility Software License 1.0
# which is available at https://www.volatilityfoundation.org/license/vsl-v1.0
#
import logging
from typing import Iterable, Tuple

from volatility.framework import interfaces, symbols, exceptions
from volatility.framework import renderers
from volatility.framework.configuration import requirements
from volatility.framework.objects import utility
from volatility.framework.renderers import format_hints
from volatility.plugins.windows import pslist, vadinfo

vollog = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class Malfind(interfaces.plugins.PluginInterface):
    """Lists process memory ranges that potentially contain injected code."""

    _required_framework_version = (2, 0, 0)

    @classmethod
    def get_requirements(cls):
        # Since we're calling the plugin, make sure we have the plugin's requirements
        return [
            requirements.TranslationLayerRequirement(name = 'primary',
                                                     description = 'Memory layer for the kernel',
                                                     architectures = ["Intel32", "Intel64"]),
            requirements.SymbolTableRequirement(name = "nt_symbols", description = "Windows kernel symbols"),
            requirements.ListRequirement(name = 'pid',
                                         element_type = int,
                                         description = "Process IDs to include (all other processes are excluded)",
                                         optional = True),
            requirements.BooleanRequirement(name = 'dump',
                                            description = "Extract injected VADs",
                                            default = False,
                                            optional = True),
            requirements.VersionRequirement(name = 'pslist', component = pslist.PsList, version = (2, 0, 0)),
            requirements.VersionRequirement(name = 'vadinfo', component = vadinfo.VadInfo, version = (2, 0, 0))
        ]

    @classmethod
    def is_vad_empty(cls, proc_layer, vad):
        """Check if a VAD region is either entirely unavailable due to paging,
        entirely consisting of zeros, or a combination of the two. This helps
        ignore false positives whose VAD flags match task._injection_filter
        requirements but there's no data and thus not worth reporting it.

        Args:
            proc_layer: the process layer
            vad: the MMVAD structure to test

        Returns:
            A boolean indicating whether a vad is empty or not
        """

        CHUNK_SIZE = 0x1000
        all_zero_page = "\x00" * CHUNK_SIZE

        offset = 0
        vad_length = vad.get_end() - vad.get_start()

        while offset < vad_length:
            next_addr = vad.get_start() + offset
            if proc_layer.is_valid(next_addr, CHUNK_SIZE) and proc_layer.read(next_addr, CHUNK_SIZE) != all_zero_page:
                return False
            offset += CHUNK_SIZE

        return True

    @classmethod
    def list_injections(
            cls, context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface, kernel_layer_name: str, symbol_table: str,
            proc: interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface) -> Iterable[Tuple[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface, bytes]]:
        """Generate memory regions for a process that may contain injected
        code.

        Args:
            context: The context to retrieve required elements (layers, symbol tables) from
            kernel_layer_name: The name of the kernel layer from which to read the VAD protections
            symbol_table: The name of the table containing the kernel symbols
            proc: an _EPROCESS instance

        Returns:
            An iterable of VAD instances and the first 64 bytes of data containing in that region
        """
        proc_id = "Unknown"
        try:
            proc_id = proc.UniqueProcessId
            proc_layer_name = proc.add_process_layer()
        except exceptions.InvalidAddressException as excp:
            vollog.debug("Process {}: invalid address {} in layer {}".format(proc_id, excp.invalid_address,
                                                                             excp.layer_name))
            return

        proc_layer = context.layers[proc_layer_name]

        for vad in proc.get_vad_root().traverse():
            protection_string = vad.get_protection(
                vadinfo.VadInfo.protect_values(context, kernel_layer_name, symbol_table), vadinfo.winnt_protections)
            write_exec = "EXECUTE" in protection_string and "WRITE" in protection_string

            # the write/exec check applies to everything
            if not write_exec:
                continue

            if (vad.get_private_memory() == 1
                and vad.get_tag() == "VadS") or (vad.get_private_memory() == 0
                                                 and protection_string != "PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY"):
                if cls.is_vad_empty(proc_layer, vad):
                    continue

                data = proc_layer.read(vad.get_start(), 64, pad = True)
                yield vad, data

    def _generator(self, procs):
        # determine if we're on a 32 or 64 bit kernel
        is_32bit_arch = not symbols.symbol_table_is_64bit(self.context, self.config["nt_symbols"])

        for proc in procs:
            process_name = utility.array_to_string(proc.ImageFileName)

            for vad, data in self.list_injections(self.context, self.config["primary"], self.config["nt_symbols"],
                                                  proc):

                # if we're on a 64 bit kernel, we may still need 32 bit disasm due to wow64
                if is_32bit_arch or proc.get_is_wow64():
                    architecture = "intel"
                else:
                    architecture = "intel64"

                disasm = interfaces.renderers.Disassembly(data, vad.get_start(), architecture)

                file_output = "Disabled"
                if self.config['dump']:
                    file_output = "Error outputting to file"
                    try:
                        file_handle = vadinfo.VadInfo.vad_dump(self.context, proc, vad, self.open)
                        file_handle.close()
                        file_output = file_handle.preferred_filename
                    except (exceptions.InvalidAddressException, OverflowError) as excp:
                        vollog.debug("Unable to dump PE with pid {0}.{1:#x}: {2}".format(
                            proc.UniqueProcessId, vad.get_start(), excp))

                yield (0, (proc.UniqueProcessId, process_name, format_hints.Hex(vad.get_start()),
                           format_hints.Hex(vad.get_end()), vad.get_tag(),
                           vad.get_protection(
                               vadinfo.VadInfo.protect_values(self.context, self.config["primary"],
                                                              self.config["nt_symbols"]),
                               vadinfo.winnt_protections), vad.get_commit_charge(), vad.get_private_memory(),
                           file_output, format_hints.HexBytes(data), disasm))

    def run(self):
        filter_func = pslist.PsList.create_pid_filter(self.config.get('pid', None))

        return renderers.TreeGrid([("PID", int), ("Process", str), ("Start VPN", format_hints.Hex),
                                   ("End VPN", format_hints.Hex), ("Tag", str), ("Protection", str),
                                   ("CommitCharge", int), ("PrivateMemory", int), ("File output", str),
                                   ("Hexdump", format_hints.HexBytes), ("Disasm", interfaces.renderers.Disassembly)],
                                  self._generator(
                                      pslist.PsList.list_processes(context = self.context,
                                                                   layer_name = self.config['primary'],
                                                                   symbol_table = self.config['nt_symbols'],
                                                                   filter_func = filter_func)))