volatility3/volatility3/framework/plugins/windows/vadinfo.py

# This file is Copyright 2019 Volatility Foundation and licensed under the Volatility Software License 1.0
# which is available at https://www.volatilityfoundation.org/license/vsl-v1.0
#

import logging
from typing import Callable, List, Generator, Iterable, Type, Optional, Tuple

from volatility3.framework import renderers, interfaces, exceptions
from volatility3.framework.configuration import requirements
from volatility3.framework.objects import utility
from volatility3.framework.renderers import format_hints
from volatility3.plugins.windows import pslist

vollog = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# these are from WinNT.h
winnt_protections = {
    "PAGE_NOACCESS": 0x01,
    "PAGE_READONLY": 0x02,
    "PAGE_READWRITE": 0x04,
    "PAGE_WRITECOPY": 0x08,
    "PAGE_EXECUTE": 0x10,
    "PAGE_EXECUTE_READ": 0x20,
    "PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE": 0x40,
    "PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY": 0x80,
    "PAGE_GUARD": 0x100,
    "PAGE_NOCACHE": 0x200,
    "PAGE_WRITECOMBINE": 0x400,
    "PAGE_TARGETS_INVALID": 0x40000000,
}


class VadInfo(interfaces.plugins.PluginInterface):
    """Lists process memory ranges."""

    _required_framework_version = (2, 4, 0)
    _version = (2, 0, 1)
    MAXSIZE_DEFAULT = 1024 * 1024 * 1024  # 1 Gb

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._protect_values = None

    @classmethod
    def get_requirements(cls) -> List[interfaces.configuration.RequirementInterface]:
        # Since we're calling the plugin, make sure we have the plugin's requirements
        return [
            requirements.ModuleRequirement(
                name="kernel",
                description="Windows kernel",
                architectures=["Intel32", "Intel64"],
            ),
            # TODO: Convert this to a ListRequirement so that people can filter on sets of ranges
            requirements.IntRequirement(
                name="address",
                description="Process virtual memory address to include "
                "(all other address ranges are excluded).",
                optional=True,
            ),
            requirements.ListRequirement(
                name="pid",
                description="Filter on specific process IDs",
                element_type=int,
                optional=True,
            ),
            requirements.PluginRequirement(
                name="pslist", plugin=pslist.PsList, version=(3, 0, 0)
            ),
            requirements.BooleanRequirement(
                name="dump",
                description="Extract listed memory ranges",
                default=False,
                optional=True,
            ),
            requirements.IntRequirement(
                name="maxsize",
                description="Maximum size for dumped VAD sections "
                "(all the bigger sections will be ignored)",
                default=cls.MAXSIZE_DEFAULT,
                optional=True,
            ),
        ]

    @classmethod
    def protect_values(
        cls,
        context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface,
        layer_name: str,
        symbol_table: str,
    ) -> Iterable[int]:
        """Look up the array of memory protection constants from the memory
        sample. These don't change often, but if they do in the future, then
        finding them dynamically versus hard-coding here will ensure we parse
        them properly.

        Args:
            context: The context to retrieve required elements (layers, symbol tables) from
            layer_name: The name of the layer on which to operate
            symbol_table: The name of the table containing the kernel symbols
        """

        kvo = context.layers[layer_name].config.get("kernel_virtual_offset", None)
        if not kvo:
            raise ValueError(
                "Intel layer does not have an associated kernel virtual offset, failing"
            )
        ntkrnlmp = context.module(symbol_table, layer_name=layer_name, offset=kvo)
        addr = ntkrnlmp.get_symbol("MmProtectToValue").address
        values = ntkrnlmp.object(
            object_type="array", offset=addr, subtype=ntkrnlmp.get_type("int"), count=32
        )
        return values  # type: ignore

    @classmethod
    def list_vads(
        cls,
        proc: interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface,
        filter_func: Callable[
            [interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface], bool
        ] = lambda _: False,
    ) -> Generator[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface, None, None]:
        """Lists the Virtual Address Descriptors of a specific process.

        Args:
            proc: _EPROCESS object from which to list the VADs
            filter_func: Function to take a virtual address descriptor value and return True if it should be filtered out

        Returns:
            A list of virtual address descriptors based on the process and filtered based on the filter function
        """
        for vad in proc.get_vad_root().traverse():
            if not filter_func(vad):
                yield vad

    @classmethod
    def vad_dump(
        cls,
        context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface,
        proc: interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface,
        vad: interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface,
        open_method: Type[interfaces.plugins.FileHandlerInterface],
        maxsize: int = MAXSIZE_DEFAULT,
    ) -> Optional[interfaces.plugins.FileHandlerInterface]:
        """Extracts the complete data for Vad as a FileInterface.

        Args:
            context: The context to retrieve required elements (layers, symbol tables) from
            proc: an _EPROCESS instance
            vad: The suspected VAD to extract (ObjectInterface)
            open_method: class to provide context manager for opening the file
            maxsize: Max size of VAD section (default MAXSIZE_DEFAULT)

        Returns:
            An open FileInterface object containing the complete data for the process or None in the case of failure
        """

        try:
            vad_start = vad.get_start()
            vad_end = vad.get_end()
        except AttributeError:
            vollog.debug("Unable to find the starting/ending VPN member")
            return None

        if 0 < maxsize < vad.get_size():
            vollog.debug(
                f"Skip VAD dump {vad_start:#x}-{vad_end:#x} due to maxsize limit"
            )
            return None

        proc_id = "Unknown"
        try:
            proc_id = proc.UniqueProcessId
            proc_layer_name = proc.add_process_layer()
        except exceptions.InvalidAddressException as excp:
            vollog.debug(
                f"Process {proc_id}: invalid address {excp.invalid_address} in layer {excp.layer_name}"
            )
            return None

        proc_layer = context.layers[proc_layer_name]
        file_name = f"pid.{proc_id}.vad.{vad_start:#x}-{vad_end:#x}.dmp"
        try:
            file_handle = open_method(file_name)
            chunk_size = 1024 * 1024 * 10
            offset = vad_start
            vad_size = vad.get_size()
            while offset < vad_start + vad_size:
                to_read = min(chunk_size, vad_start + vad_size - offset)
                data = proc_layer.read(offset, to_read, pad=True)
                if not data:
                    break
                file_handle.write(data)
                offset += to_read

        except Exception as excp:
            vollog.debug(f"Unable to dump VAD {file_name}: {excp}")
            return None

        return file_handle

    def _generator(self, procs: List[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface]) -> Generator[
        Tuple[
            int,
            Tuple[
                int,
                str,
                format_hints.Hex,
                format_hints.Hex,
                format_hints.Hex,
                str,
                str,
                int,
                int,
                format_hints.Hex,
                str,
                str,
            ],
        ],
        None,
        None,
    ]:
        kernel = self.context.modules[self.config["kernel"]]
        kernel_layer = self.context.layers[kernel.layer_name]

        def passthrough(x: interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface) -> bool:
            return False

        filter_func = passthrough
        if self.config.get("address", None) is not None:

            def filter_function(x: interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface) -> bool:
                return not (x.get_start() <= self.config["address"] <= x.get_end())

            filter_func = filter_function

        for proc in procs:
            process_name = utility.array_to_string(proc.ImageFileName)

            for vad in self.list_vads(proc, filter_func=filter_func):
                file_output = "Disabled"
                if self.config["dump"]:
                    file_handle = self.vad_dump(
                        self.context, proc, vad, self.open, self.config["maxsize"]
                    )
                    file_output = "Error outputting file"
                    if file_handle:
                        file_handle.close()
                        file_output = file_handle.preferred_filename

                yield (
                    0,
                    (
                        proc.UniqueProcessId,
                        process_name,
                        format_hints.Hex(kernel_layer.canonicalize(vad.vol.offset)),
                        format_hints.Hex(vad.get_start()),
                        format_hints.Hex(vad.get_end()),
                        vad.get_tag(),
                        vad.get_protection(
                            self.protect_values(
                                self.context,
                                kernel.layer_name,
                                kernel.symbol_table_name,
                            ),
                            winnt_protections,
                        ),
                        vad.get_commit_charge(),
                        vad.get_private_memory(),
                        format_hints.Hex(vad.get_parent()),
                        vad.get_file_name(),
                        file_output,
                    ),
                )

    def run(self) -> renderers.TreeGrid:
        filter_func = pslist.PsList.create_pid_filter(self.config.get("pid", None))

        return renderers.TreeGrid(
            [
                ("PID", int),
                ("Process", str),
                ("Offset", format_hints.Hex),
                ("Start VPN", format_hints.Hex),
                ("End VPN", format_hints.Hex),
                ("Tag", str),
                ("Protection", str),
                ("CommitCharge", int),
                ("PrivateMemory", int),
                ("Parent", format_hints.Hex),
                ("File", str),
                ("File output", str),
            ],
            self._generator(
                pslist.PsList.list_processes(
                    self.context,
                    self.config["kernel"],
                    filter_func=filter_func,
                )
            ),
        )