fix(checkpoint): reject NUL bytes in namespace labels (#9383)

Reject NUL bytes in namespace labels with `InvalidNamespaceError` to
prevent SQLite GLOB truncation from bypassing namespace segment
boundaries. Add shared sync/async validation coverage and a SQLite
regression for public search and direct batch operations against
in-memory and file-backed stores.

## References
- [Slack
thread](https://langchain.slack.com/archives/D0B5PRNJA05/p1792583492031829)

Made by [Open SWE](https://github.com/langchain-ai/open-swe) · [view
thread](https://openswe.langchain.dev/agents/9499abf7-c3c8-5004-ac28-fe55d4955ae6)
· openai:gpt-6.1-sol (medium)

Co-authored-by: John Kennedy <jkennedyvz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: open-swe[bot] <open-swe@users.noreply.github.com>

libs/checkpoint-conformance/uv.lock

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.4.22"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/ee/6caf7a40c36a1220410afe15a1cc64993a1f864871f698c0f93acb72842a/certifi-2026.4.22.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8d455352a37b71bf76a79caa83a3d6c25afee4a385d632127b6afb3963f1c580", size = 137077, upload-time = "2026-04-22T11:26:11.191Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/30/7cd8fdcdfbc5b869528b079bfb76dcdf6056b1a2097a662e5e8c04f42965/certifi-2026.4.22-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3cb2210c8f88ba2318d29b0388d1023c8492ff72ecdde4ebdaddbb13a31b1c4a", size = 135707, upload-time = "2026-04-22T11:26:09.372Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/__init__.py

@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@ from psycopg_pool import ConnectionPool
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import _internal
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import (
     _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE,
+    PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_STRATEGIES,
     BasePostgresSaver,
     _build_delta_stage1_sql,
     _build_delta_stage2_sql,
     _DeltaStage2Row,
+    _execute,
+    _keep_latest,
+    _refuse_delta_threads,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.shallow import ShallowPostgresSaver
 
@@ -401,6 +406,73 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                 (str(thread_id),),
             )
 
+    def prune(
+        self,
+        thread_ids: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        strategy: str = "keep_latest",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prune checkpoints for the given threads.
+
+        `"delete"` removes every checkpoint, write and blob of the threads, in
+        one transaction.
+
+        `"keep_latest"` keeps the latest checkpoint of each namespace (the one
+        `get_tuple` loads, plus its parent when it predates v4 and has pending
+        sends), with its pending writes and the blobs it references, and
+        deletes the rest. A kept checkpoint whose parent it deletes is left with
+        no parent. A subgraph call's namespace is deleted with the root
+        checkpoint the call started from, except a `checkpointer=True`
+        subgraph's, which keeps its latest checkpoint. Each thread is pruned in
+        its own transaction, on one snapshot of it, so a run appending to the
+        thread meanwhile is safe; forking or replaying from a checkpoint being
+        deleted is not. A thread that fails because another transaction changed
+        it leaves the threads before it pruned, and retrying is safe.
+
+        `"keep_latest"` refuses threads that use a `DeltaChannel`, since it
+        rebuilds the latest value from older checkpoints: if any requested
+        thread does, nothing is pruned. A thread that starts using one before
+        its turn in the batch is refused then, after the threads before it.
+
+        Args:
+            thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
+            strategy: `"keep_latest"` or `"delete"`.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If `thread_ids` is a single string.
+            ValueError: If `strategy` is unknown.
+            NotImplementedError: If `strategy` is `"keep_latest"` and a thread
+                uses a `DeltaChannel`.
+            psycopg.errors.SerializationFailure: If another transaction, such
+                as a second prune, changes a thread's rows while `"keep_latest"`
+                prunes it.
+            psycopg.errors.DeadlockDetected: If a second prune of a thread runs
+                at the same time.
+        """
+        if isinstance(thread_ids, str):
+            raise TypeError("thread_ids must be a sequence of thread IDs, not a str")
+        if strategy not in PRUNE_STRATEGIES:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown prune strategy: {strategy!r}")
+        thread_ids = [str(t) for t in thread_ids]
+        if not thread_ids:
+            return
+        if strategy == "delete":
+            with self._cursor() as cur, cur.connection.transaction():
+                for sql in PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL:
+                    cur.execute(sql, (thread_ids,))
+            return
+        with self._cursor() as cur:
+            _execute(cur, _refuse_delta_threads(thread_ids))
+        for thread_id in thread_ids:
+            with self._cursor() as cur:
+                if self.pipe:
+                    # The transaction has to start with its isolation level, and
+                    # in pipeline mode it would take in what ran since the last
+                    # sync.
+                    self.pipe.sync()
+                with cur.connection.transaction():
+                    _execute(cur, _keep_latest(thread_id))
+
     @contextmanager
     def _cursor(self, *, pipeline: bool = False) -> Iterator[Cursor[DictRow]]:
         """Create a database cursor as a context manager.

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/aio.py

@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@ from psycopg_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import _ainternal
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import (
     _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE,
+    PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_STRATEGIES,
     BasePostgresSaver,
+    _aexecute,
     _build_delta_stage1_sql,
     _build_delta_stage2_sql,
     _DeltaStage2Row,
+    _keep_latest,
+    _refuse_delta_threads,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.shallow import AsyncShallowPostgresSaver
 
@@ -360,6 +365,55 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                 (str(thread_id),),
             )
 
+    async def aprune(
+        self,
+        thread_ids: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        strategy: str = "keep_latest",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prune checkpoints for the given threads.
+
+        See `PostgresSaver.prune` for what each strategy keeps.
+
+        Args:
+            thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
+            strategy: `"keep_latest"` or `"delete"`.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If `thread_ids` is a single string.
+            ValueError: If `strategy` is unknown.
+            NotImplementedError: If `strategy` is `"keep_latest"` and a thread
+                uses a `DeltaChannel`.
+            psycopg.errors.SerializationFailure: If another transaction, such
+                as a second prune, changes a thread's rows while `"keep_latest"`
+                prunes it.
+            psycopg.errors.DeadlockDetected: If a second prune of a thread runs
+                at the same time.
+        """
+        if isinstance(thread_ids, str):
+            raise TypeError("thread_ids must be a sequence of thread IDs, not a str")
+        if strategy not in PRUNE_STRATEGIES:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown prune strategy: {strategy!r}")
+        thread_ids = [str(t) for t in thread_ids]
+        if not thread_ids:
+            return
+        if strategy == "delete":
+            async with self._cursor() as cur, cur.connection.transaction():
+                for sql in PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL:
+                    await cur.execute(sql, (thread_ids,))
+            return
+        async with self._cursor() as cur:
+            await _aexecute(cur, _refuse_delta_threads(thread_ids))
+        for thread_id in thread_ids:
+            async with self._cursor() as cur:
+                if self.pipe:
+                    # The transaction has to start with its isolation level, and
+                    # in pipeline mode it would take in what ran since the last
+                    # sync.
+                    await self.pipe.sync()
+                async with cur.connection.transaction():
+                    await _aexecute(cur, _keep_latest(thread_id))
+
     @asynccontextmanager
     async def _cursor(
         self, *, pipeline: bool = False
@@ -688,6 +742,33 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
             self.adelete_thread(thread_id), self.loop
         ).result()
 
+    def prune(
+        self,
+        thread_ids: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        strategy: str = "keep_latest",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prune checkpoints for the given threads.
+
+        See `PostgresSaver.prune` for what each strategy keeps.
+
+        Args:
+            thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
+            strategy: `"keep_latest"` or `"delete"`.
+        """
+        try:
+            if asyncio.get_running_loop() is self.loop:
+                raise asyncio.InvalidStateError(
+                    "Synchronous calls to AsyncPostgresSaver are only allowed from a "
+                    "different thread. From the main thread, use the async interface. "
+                    "For example, use `await checkpointer.aprune(...)`."
+                )
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+            self.aprune(thread_ids, strategy=strategy), self.loop
+        ).result()
+
     def get_delta_channel_history(
         self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
     ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/base.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import random
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Generator, Mapping, Sequence
 from importlib.metadata import version as get_version
 from typing import Any, TypedDict, cast
 
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     writes_sort_key,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import TASKS
+from psycopg import AsyncCursor, Cursor
+from psycopg.rows import DictRow
 from psycopg.types.json import Jsonb
 
 # Page size for stage-1 paged scan in `get_delta_channel_history`. Internal
@@ -160,6 +162,218 @@ INSERT_CHECKPOINT_WRITES_SQL = """
 """
 
 
+PRUNE_STRATEGIES = ("keep_latest", "delete")
+
+PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL = (
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoints WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_blobs WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_writes WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s)",
+)
+
+# The prune statements below never join two sets of a thread's rows: a join is
+# planned from per-thread row estimates, which are worst for the few huge
+# threads worth pruning, and can go quadratic. They look rows up by primary key
+# instead (`LATERAL ... LIMIT 1`, `= ANY`).
+
+# A `DeltaChannel` leaves update counters in checkpoint metadata, or a
+# snapshot: an inline `true` marker with a blob behind it, which a plain `True`
+# value never has. LangGraph.js inlines no values, but marks the threads its
+# DeltaChannel graphs start with `delta_writes_versioned`.
+PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL = """
+SELECT thread_id FROM checkpoints
+WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s) AND (
+    metadata ? 'counters_since_delta_snapshot'
+    OR metadata ? 'delta_writes_versioned'
+)
+UNION
+SELECT c.thread_id
+FROM checkpoints c
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_each(c.checkpoint -> 'channel_values') AS v
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
+    SELECT 1 FROM checkpoint_blobs b
+    WHERE b.thread_id = c.thread_id
+    AND b.checkpoint_ns = c.checkpoint_ns
+    AND b.channel = v.key
+    AND b.version = c.checkpoint -> 'channel_versions' ->> v.key
+    LIMIT 1
+) AS snapshot
+WHERE c.thread_id = ANY(%s) AND v.value = 'true'::jsonb
+"""
+
+# Per namespace: the latest checkpoint, the parent it reads its pending sends
+# from when it predates v4, and the root graph's checkpoint its subgraph call
+# started from, with whether that one is saved.
+PRUNE_HEADS_SQL = f"""
+SELECT
+    h.checkpoint_ns,
+    h.checkpoint_id AS head,
+    CASE WHEN (c.checkpoint ->> 'v')::int < 4 AND EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM checkpoint_writes w
+        WHERE w.thread_id = %s
+        AND w.checkpoint_ns = h.checkpoint_ns
+        AND w.checkpoint_id = c.parent_checkpoint_id
+        AND w.channel = '{TASKS}'
+    ) THEN c.parent_checkpoint_id END AS sends_parent,
+    c.metadata -> 'parents' ->> '' AS root,
+    EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM checkpoints r
+        WHERE r.thread_id = %s AND r.checkpoint_ns = ''
+        AND r.checkpoint_id = c.metadata -> 'parents' ->> ''
+    ) AS root_saved
+FROM (
+    SELECT DISTINCT ON (checkpoint_ns) checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id
+    FROM checkpoints
+    WHERE thread_id = %s
+    ORDER BY checkpoint_ns DESC, checkpoint_id DESC
+) AS h
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
+    SELECT checkpoint, parent_checkpoint_id, metadata FROM checkpoints
+    WHERE thread_id = %s
+    AND checkpoint_ns = h.checkpoint_ns
+    AND checkpoint_id = h.checkpoint_id
+) AS c
+"""
+
+PRUNE_SNAPSHOT_SQL = "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ"
+
+PRUNE_UNKEPT_SQL = """
+SELECT checkpoint_id FROM checkpoints
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND checkpoint_id <> ALL(%s)
+"""
+
+# A run saves a superstep's writes in the background, where they can commit
+# before their checkpoint does, so they go by the checkpoints deleted.
+PRUNE_WRITES_SQL = """
+DELETE FROM checkpoint_writes
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND checkpoint_id = ANY(%s)
+"""
+
+PRUNE_CHECKPOINTS_SQL = """
+WITH deleted AS (
+    DELETE FROM checkpoints
+    WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND checkpoint_id <> ALL(%s)
+    RETURNING checkpoint -> 'channel_versions' AS versions
+)
+SELECT DISTINCT v.key AS channel, v.value AS version
+FROM deleted
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_each_text(deleted.versions) AS v
+"""
+
+PRUNE_PARENTS_SQL = """
+UPDATE checkpoints SET parent_checkpoint_id = NULL
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s
+AND checkpoint_id = ANY(%s) AND parent_checkpoint_id <> ALL(%s)
+"""
+
+PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL = """
+SELECT DISTINCT v.key AS channel, v.value AS version
+FROM checkpoints c
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_each_text(c.checkpoint -> 'channel_versions') AS v
+WHERE c.thread_id = %s AND c.checkpoint_ns = %s
+"""
+
+PRUNE_BLOBS_SQL = """
+DELETE FROM checkpoint_blobs
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND channel = %s AND version = ANY(%s)
+"""
+
+PRUNE_SUBGRAPH_CALLS_SQL = (
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoints WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_writes WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_blobs WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = ANY(%s)",
+)
+
+
+def _garbage_blobs(
+    freed: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]], referenced: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]]
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """Blobs a deleted checkpoint used and no kept one does, by channel."""
+    kept = {(r["channel"], r["version"]) for r in referenced}
+    garbage: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    for r in freed:
+        if (r["channel"], r["version"]) not in kept:
+            garbage.setdefault(r["channel"], []).append(r["version"])
+    return garbage
+
+
+_Statements = Generator[tuple[str, Sequence[Any], bool], list[DictRow], None]
+
+
+def _refuse_delta_threads(thread_ids: Sequence[str]) -> _Statements:
+    rows = yield PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, (thread_ids, thread_ids), True
+    if delta := sorted(r["thread_id"] for r in rows):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            f"keep_latest can't prune threads that use a DeltaChannel: {', '.join(delta)}"
+        )
+
+
+def _keep_latest(thread_id: str) -> _Statements:
+    """The statements of one thread's keep_latest transaction, for `_execute`
+    and `_aexecute` to run. Each comes with whether its rows are sent back.
+
+    They all read one snapshot, so what a run saves meanwhile is neither seen
+    nor deleted, whatever its checkpoint ID.
+    """
+    yield PRUNE_SNAPSHOT_SQL, (), False
+    heads = yield PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, (thread_id,) * 4, True
+    # Catches a thread that started using a DeltaChannel after the batch check.
+    yield from _refuse_delta_threads([thread_id])
+    kept = {
+        h["checkpoint_ns"]: [i for i in (h["head"], h["sends_parent"]) if i]
+        for h in heads
+    }
+    # A subgraph call's namespace has its task ID after a ":", unlike a
+    # `checkpointer=True` subgraph's, whose state outlives each call. A call
+    # goes with the root checkpoint it started from, but only once that one is
+    # saved: runs save in the background, so a call can commit first.
+    calls = {
+        h["checkpoint_ns"]
+        for h in heads
+        if ":" in h["checkpoint_ns"]
+        and h["root_saved"]
+        and h["root"] not in kept.get("", ())
+    }
+    if calls:
+        for sql in PRUNE_SUBGRAPH_CALLS_SQL:
+            yield sql, (thread_id, list(calls)), False
+    for ns, ids in kept.items():
+        if ns in calls:
+            continue
+        unkept = yield PRUNE_UNKEPT_SQL, (thread_id, ns, ids), True
+        if unkept:
+            deleted = [r["checkpoint_id"] for r in unkept]
+            yield PRUNE_WRITES_SQL, (thread_id, ns, deleted), False
+        freed = yield PRUNE_CHECKPOINTS_SQL, (thread_id, ns, ids), True
+        yield PRUNE_PARENTS_SQL, (thread_id, ns, ids, ids), False
+        if freed:
+            referenced = yield PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL, (thread_id, ns), True
+            for channel, versions in _garbage_blobs(freed, referenced).items():
+                yield PRUNE_BLOBS_SQL, (thread_id, ns, channel, versions), False
+
+
+# Unprepared, so Postgres plans each statement knowing its arrays: a cached
+# generic plan checks a row against an `= ANY(...)` array one element at a time.
+def _execute(cur: Cursor[DictRow], statements: _Statements) -> None:
+    try:
+        sql, params, fetch = next(statements)
+        while True:
+            cur.execute(sql, params, prepare=False)
+            sql, params, fetch = statements.send(cur.fetchall() if fetch else [])
+    except StopIteration:
+        pass
+
+
+async def _aexecute(cur: AsyncCursor[DictRow], statements: _Statements) -> None:
+    try:
+        sql, params, fetch = next(statements)
+        while True:
+            await cur.execute(sql, params, prepare=False)
+            rows = await cur.fetchall() if fetch else []
+            sql, params, fetch = statements.send(rows)
+    except StopIteration:
+        pass
+
+
 class _DeltaStage2Row(TypedDict, total=False):
     """One row from `_build_delta_stage2_sql` (a UNION ALL of writes and blobs)."""
 

libs/checkpoint-postgres/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.3"
+version = "3.2.0"
 description = "Library with a Postgres implementation of LangGraph checkpoint saver."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"

libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_prune.py

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import empty_checkpoint
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance import validate
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.initializer import checkpointer_test
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import TASKS, _DeltaSnapshot
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import (
+    PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_HEADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL,
+)
+from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI, DEFAULT_URI
+from tests.test_async import _saver as _async_saver
+from tests.test_sync import _saver as _sync_saver
+
+SAVERS = ["base", "pool", "pipe", "aio_base", "aio_pool", "aio_pipe"]
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def _saver(name: str):
+    if name.startswith("aio_"):
+        async with _async_saver(name.removeprefix("aio_")) as saver:
+            yield saver
+    else:
+        with _sync_saver(name) as saver:
+            yield saver
+
+
+async def _call(saver: Any, method: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(saver, AsyncPostgresSaver):
+        return await getattr(saver, f"a{method}")(*args, **kwargs)
+    return getattr(saver, method)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+async def _rows(saver: Any, thread_id: str) -> dict[str, list[tuple]]:
+    queries = {
+        "checkpoints": "SELECT checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id FROM checkpoints"
+        " WHERE thread_id = %s ORDER BY 1, 2",
+        "writes": "SELECT checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx"
+        " FROM checkpoint_writes WHERE thread_id = %s ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4",
+        "blobs": "SELECT checkpoint_ns, channel, version FROM checkpoint_blobs"
+        " WHERE thread_id = %s ORDER BY 1, 2, 3",
+    }
+    rows = {}
+    for table, sql in queries.items():
+        if isinstance(saver, AsyncPostgresSaver):
+            async with saver._cursor() as cur:
+                await cur.execute(sql, (thread_id,))
+                rows[table] = [tuple(r.values()) for r in await cur.fetchall()]
+        else:
+            with saver._cursor() as cur:
+                cur.execute(sql, (thread_id,))
+                rows[table] = [tuple(r.values()) for r in cur.fetchall()]
+    return rows
+
+
+async def _put(
+    saver: Any,
+    thread_id: str,
+    parent: dict | None,
+    step: int,
+    values: dict[str, Any],
+    versions: dict[str, str],
+    *,
+    ns: str = "",
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    v: int = 4,
+    checkpoint_id: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id, "checkpoint_ns": ns}}
+    if parent is not None:
+        config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent["configurable"][
+            "checkpoint_id"
+        ]
+    checkpoint = empty_checkpoint()
+    checkpoint.update(
+        v=v,
+        id=checkpoint_id or str(uuid6(clock_seq=step)),
+        channel_values=values,
+        channel_versions=versions,
+    )
+    new_versions = {k: versions[k] for k in values}
+    return await _call(
+        saver,
+        "put",
+        config,
+        checkpoint,
+        {"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}, **(metadata or {})},
+        new_versions,
+    )
+
+
+async def _three_checkpoints(
+    saver: Any,
+    thread_id: str,
+    ns: str = "",
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    parent = None
+    steps = [
+        ({"a": [1], "s": ["shared"]}, {"a": "1", "s": "1"}),
+        ({"a": [1, 2]}, {"a": "2", "s": "1"}),
+        ({"a": [1, 2, 3]}, {"a": "3", "s": "1"}),
+    ]
+    for step, (values, versions) in enumerate(steps):
+        parent = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, parent, step, values, versions, ns=ns, metadata=metadata
+        )
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", parent, [("a", step)], str(uuid4()))
+    return parent
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def _second_saver(saver: AsyncPostgresSaver):
+    assert isinstance(saver.conn, AsyncConnection)
+    uri = DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + saver.conn.info.dbname
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(uri) as other:
+        yield other
+
+
+def _run_once_after(
+    saver: AsyncPostgresSaver,
+    sql: str,
+    action: Callable[[], Awaitable[Any]],
+    *,
+    nth: int = 1,
+) -> None:
+    seen = 0
+    cursor = saver._cursor
+
+    class Hooked:
+        def __init__(self, cur: Any) -> None:
+            self.cur = cur
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            return getattr(self.cur, name)
+
+        async def execute(self, query: Any, params: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            nonlocal seen
+            await self.cur.execute(query, params, **kwargs)
+            if query is sql:
+                seen += 1
+                if seen == nth:
+                    await action()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def hooked(**kwargs: Any):
+        async with cursor(**kwargs) as cur:
+            yield Hooked(cur)
+
+    saver._cursor = hooked
+
+
+async def _delta_thread(saver: Any, thread_id: str, evidence: str) -> None:
+    if evidence == "counters":
+        first = await _put(saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"m": [1]}, {"m": "1"})
+        await _put(
+            saver,
+            thread_id,
+            first,
+            1,
+            {},
+            {"m": "2"},
+            metadata={"counters_since_delta_snapshot": {"m": [1, 1]}},
+        )
+    elif evidence == "snapshot":
+        first = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"m": _DeltaSnapshot([1])}, {"m": "1"}
+        )
+        await _put(saver, thread_id, first, 1, {}, {"m": "2"})
+    else:
+        marker = {"delta_writes_versioned": True}
+        first = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"m": [1]}, {"m": "1"}, metadata=marker
+        )
+        await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, first, 1, {"m": [1, 2]}, {"m": "2"}, metadata=marker
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_each_namespace_head_with_its_writes_and_blobs(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id, other_id = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+        heads = {
+            ns: await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id, ns) for ns in ("", "sub:1")
+        }
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, other_id)
+        before = {ns: await _call(saver, "get_tuple", h) for ns, h in heads.items()}
+        other_before = await _rows(saver, other_id)
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        rows = await _rows(saver, thread_id)
+        assert rows["checkpoints"] == [
+            (ns, heads[ns]["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]) for ns in ("", "sub:1")
+        ]
+        assert [(ns, cid) for ns, cid, *_ in rows["writes"]] == rows["checkpoints"]
+        assert rows["blobs"] == [
+            (ns, ch, ver)
+            for ns in ("", "sub:1")
+            for ch, ver in (("a", "3"), ("s", "1"))
+        ]
+        for ns, head in heads.items():
+            assert await _call(saver, "get_tuple", head) == before[ns]._replace(
+                parent_config=None
+            )
+        assert await _rows(saver, other_id) == other_before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("evidence", ["counters", "snapshot", "versioned"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_batch_with_a_delta_channel_thread(
+    name: str, evidence: str
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        ordinary_id, delta_id = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, ordinary_id)
+        await _delta_thread(saver, delta_id, evidence)
+        before = [await _rows(saver, t) for t in (ordinary_id, delta_id)]
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=delta_id):
+            await _call(saver, "prune", [ordinary_id, delta_id])
+
+        assert [await _rows(saver, t) for t in (ordinary_id, delta_id)] == before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_prunes_a_thread_storing_a_plain_true(name: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        first = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"flag": True, "a": [1]}, {"flag": "1", "a": "1"}
+        )
+        head = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, first, 1, {"flag": True}, {"flag": "2", "a": "1"}
+        )
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"])
+        ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_the_parent_holding_a_pre_v4_heads_sends(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        first = await _put(saver, thread_id, None, 0, {}, {}, v=1)
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", first, [(TASKS, "send-1")], str(uuid4()))
+        second = await _put(saver, thread_id, first, 1, {}, {}, v=1)
+        head = await _put(saver, thread_id, second, 2, {}, {}, v=1)
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", second, [(TASKS, "send-2")], str(uuid4()))
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", second["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+        ]
+        loaded = await _call(saver, "get_tuple", head)
+        assert loaded.checkpoint["channel_values"][TASKS] == ["send-2"]
+        assert loaded.parent_config == second
+        assert (await _call(saver, "get_tuple", second)).parent_config is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_delete_removes_every_row_of_the_threads(name: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        ordinary_id, delta_id, other_id = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, ordinary_id)
+        await _delta_thread(saver, delta_id, "counters")
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, other_id)
+        other_before = await _rows(saver, other_id)
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [ordinary_id, delta_id], strategy="delete")
+
+        empty = {"checkpoints": [], "writes": [], "blobs": []}
+        assert await _rows(saver, ordinary_id) == empty
+        assert await _rows(saver, delta_id) == empty
+        assert await _rows(saver, other_id) == other_before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_unknown_strategy_changes_nothing(name: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        before = await _rows(saver, thread_id)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="keep_all"):
+            await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id], strategy="keep_all")
+
+        assert await _rows(saver, thread_id) == before
+
+
+async def test_async_saver_prune_runs_from_another_thread_only() -> None:
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
+            saver.prune([thread_id])
+        await asyncio.to_thread(saver.prune, [thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"])
+        ]
+
+
+async def test_prune_conformance() -> None:
+    @checkpointer_test(name="AsyncPostgresSaver")
+    async def postgres_saver():
+        async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+            await saver.setup()
+            yield saver
+
+    report = await validate(postgres_saver, capabilities={"prune"})
+
+    prune = report.results["prune"]
+    if not prune.passed:
+        details = "\n".join(prune.failures)
+        pytest.fail(f"Capability prune failed (passed={prune.passed}):\n{details}")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("strategy", ["keep_latest", "delete"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["base", "aio_base"])
+async def test_prune_rejects_a_single_thread_id_string(
+    name: str, strategy: str
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        for thread_id in ("ab", "a", "b"):
+            await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        before = [await _rows(saver, t) for t in ("ab", "a", "b")]
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="not a str"):
+            await _call(saver, "prune", "ab", strategy=strategy)
+
+        assert [await _rows(saver, t) for t in ("ab", "a", "b")] == before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "after", [PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL], ids=["heads", "blobs"]
+)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_checkpoint_saved_while_it_runs(after: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        saved: list[dict] = []
+
+        async def save_a_child() -> None:
+            saved.append(
+                await _put(
+                    other, thread_id, head, 3, {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]}, {"a": "4", "s": "1"}
+                )
+            )
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, after, save_a_child)
+        await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        loaded = await saver.aget_tuple(saved[0])
+        assert loaded is not None, "the checkpoint saved during the prune was deleted"
+        assert loaded.checkpoint["channel_values"] == {
+            "a": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+            "s": ["shared"],
+        }
+        assert loaded.parent_config == head
+
+
+async def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_thread_that_turns_delta_after_the_batch_check() -> (
+    None
+):
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+
+        async def save_a_delta_checkpoint() -> None:
+            await _put(
+                other,
+                thread_id,
+                head,
+                3,
+                {},
+                {"a": "4", "s": "1"},
+                metadata={"counters_since_delta_snapshot": {"a": [1, 1]}},
+            )
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, save_a_delta_checkpoint)
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=thread_id):
+            await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        assert len((await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"]) == 4
+
+
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_the_history_of_a_delta_checkpoint_saved_after_the_thread_check() -> (
+    None
+):
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        saved: list[dict] = []
+
+        async def save_a_delta_checkpoint() -> None:
+            saved.append(
+                await _put(
+                    other,
+                    thread_id,
+                    head,
+                    3,
+                    {},
+                    {"a": "4", "s": "1"},
+                    metadata={"counters_since_delta_snapshot": {"a": [1, 1]}},
+                )
+            )
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, save_a_delta_checkpoint, nth=2)
+        await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+            ("", saved[0]["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+        ]
+        history = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=saved[0], channels=["a"]
+        )
+        assert history["a"]["seed"] == [1, 2, 3]
+        assert [value for _, _, value in history["a"]["writes"]] == [2]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_deletes_a_subgraph_call_with_the_checkpoint_it_started_from(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        older = await _put(saver, thread_id, None, 0, {}, {})
+        head = await _put(saver, thread_id, older, 1, {}, {})
+        unsaved = str(uuid6(clock_seq=2))
+        started_from = {
+            "finished:1": older["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"],
+            "interrupted:2": head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"],
+            "running:3": unsaved,
+            "checkpointer_true": older["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"],
+        }
+        for ns, root in started_from.items():
+            await _three_checkpoints(
+                saver, thread_id, ns, metadata={"parents": {"": root}}
+            )
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        rows = await _rows(saver, thread_id)
+        assert {ns for ns, *_ in rows["checkpoints"]} == {
+            "",
+            "interrupted:2",
+            "running:3",
+            "checkpointer_true",
+        }
+        assert {ns for ns, *_ in rows["writes"]} == {
+            "interrupted:2",
+            "running:3",
+            "checkpointer_true",
+        }
+        assert {ns for ns, *_ in rows["blobs"]} == {
+            "interrupted:2",
+            "running:3",
+            "checkpointer_true",
+        }
+
+
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_checkpoint_saved_meanwhile_whatever_its_id() -> None:
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        lower_id = "0" + head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"][1:]
+        saved: list[dict] = []
+
+        async def save_a_child_with_a_lower_id() -> None:
+            child = await _put(
+                other,
+                thread_id,
+                head,
+                3,
+                {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]},
+                {"a": "4", "s": "1"},
+                checkpoint_id=lower_id,
+            )
+            await _call(other, "put_writes", child, [("a", 4)], str(uuid4()))
+            saved.append(child)
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, save_a_child_with_a_lower_id)
+        await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        loaded = await saver.aget_tuple(saved[0])
+        assert loaded is not None, "the checkpoint saved during the prune was deleted"
+        assert loaded.checkpoint["channel_values"] == {
+            "a": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+            "s": ["shared"],
+        }
+        assert [value for _, _, value in loaded.pending_writes or []] == [4]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_writes_saved_before_their_checkpoint(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        next_id = str(uuid6(clock_seq=3))
+        next_config = {
+            "configurable": {
+                "thread_id": thread_id,
+                "checkpoint_ns": "",
+                "checkpoint_id": next_id,
+            }
+        }
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", next_config, [("a", 4)], str(uuid4()))
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+        await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, head, 3, {}, {"a": "3", "s": "1"}, checkpoint_id=next_id
+        )
+
+        loaded = await _call(saver, "get_tuple", next_config)
+        assert [value for _, _, value in loaded.pending_writes] == [4]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/uv.lock

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.3"
+version = "3.2.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_store.py

@@ -1364,6 +1364,17 @@ def test_search_empty_prefix_is_unconstrained(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
     }
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("batched", [False, True])
+def test_search_rejects_nul_namespace_prefix(store: SqliteStore, batched: bool) -> None:
+    store.put(("a",), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError, match="NUL"):
+        if batched:
+            store.batch([SearchOp(("a\x00",))])
+        else:
+            store.search(("a\x00",))
+
+
 def test_namespace_labels_with_trailing_newline(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
     """Labels may contain newlines, and must not match a differently-named label.
 

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/uv.lock

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/__init__.py

@@ -1333,6 +1333,10 @@ def _validate_namespace_labels(namespace: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
             raise InvalidNamespaceError(
                 f"Invalid namespace label '{label}' found in {namespace}. Namespace labels cannot contain periods ('.')."
             )
+        elif "\x00" in label:
+            raise InvalidNamespaceError(
+                f"Invalid namespace label '{label}' found in {namespace}. Namespace labels cannot contain NUL bytes ('\\x00')."
+            )
         elif not label:
             raise InvalidNamespaceError(
                 f"Namespace labels cannot be empty strings. Got {label} in {namespace}"

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_store.py

@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ async def test_cannot_put_empty_namespace() -> None:
     assert (await async_store.aget(("valid", "namespace"), "key")) is None
 
 
-INVALID_NAMESPACES = [("foo.bar",), ("foo", ""), (123,)]
+INVALID_NAMESPACES = [("foo.bar",), ("foo\x00",), ("foo", ""), (123,)]
 NAMESPACE_METHODS = ["get", "delete", "search", "prefix", "suffix"]
 
 

libs/checkpoint/uv.lock

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/cli/js-examples/package.json

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
     "test:all": "yarn test && yarn test:int && yarn lint:langgraph"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@langchain/core": "^1.2.9",
-    "@langchain/langgraph": "^1.4.13"
+    "@langchain/core": "^1.2.13",
+    "@langchain/langgraph": "^1.4.18"
   },
   "resolutions": {
     "@langchain/langgraph-checkpoint": "1.0.4",
@@ -30,21 +30,21 @@
     "@eslint/eslintrc/js-yaml": "4.3.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.6",
+    "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.7",
     "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
     "@tsconfig/recommended": "^1.0.13",
     "@types/jest": "^30.0.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.68.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.68.0",
-    "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
-    "eslint": "^10.9.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.70.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.70.1",
+    "dotenv": "^18.0.4",
+    "eslint": "^10.11.0",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
     "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.32.0",
     "eslint-plugin-no-instanceof": "^1.0.1",
     "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.5.6",
-    "jest": "^30.5.0",
-    "prettier": "^3.9.6",
-    "ts-jest": "^29.4.12",
+    "jest": "^30.5.2",
+    "prettier": "^3.9.9",
+    "ts-jest": "^29.4.14",
     "typescript": "^7.0.2"
   }
 }

libs/cli/js-monorepo-example/yarn.lock

@@ -581,17 +581,17 @@ base64-js@^1.5.1:
   integrity sha512-AKpaYlHn8t4SVbOHCy+b5+KKgvR4vrsD8vbvrbiQJps7fKDTkjkDry6ji0rUJjC0kzbNePLwzxq8iypo41qeWA==
 
 brace-expansion@^1.1.7:
-  version "1.1.12"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz#ab9b454466e5a8cc3a187beaad580412a9c5b843"
-  integrity sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==
+  version "1.1.21"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.21.tgz#edf4fab5c64d051aea5a8def49aba1c7522279f3"
+  integrity sha512-9zeA+KLZNNzglF2TPKRQEDyx6Yby7daAkuy8MiPzpXPsYDWi/DRM8jmwUDxokQjYqBpv5DgPiwD4h4ZZSy1Ujw==
   dependencies:
     balanced-match "^1.0.0"
     concat-map "0.0.1"
 
 brace-expansion@^5.0.8:
-  version "5.0.9"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.9.tgz#7c72438809b5fa5babf54199a1f1c281a6984fcf"
-  integrity sha512-ScQ4IuvIEF1TMlP7Zt+vjJ//9zlPb2SDcxWxM3bk8s6t6GGdJ7KO1dCcTidOPJKePW30LE/2cT7wCyPho9/Wxg==
+  version "5.0.12"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.12.tgz#995fbb4750a77c4d16a7dc942ff2ca6ef8e675ec"
+  integrity sha512-YovQ3rzhaLMIrDjNDMkNS01tea93qhEhG5xy8f6+R0l+dw3Ki+5sCoIoI942iuLZTHWogWktgwVDhU09iNEimQ==
   dependencies:
     balanced-match "^4.0.2"
 

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "0.4.35"
+__version__ = "0.4.37"

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/deploy.py

@@ -1209,6 +1209,33 @@ class DockerBuildCommand:
         return cls(("docker", "buildx", "build"), flags)
 
 
+def _active_docker_host(runner: CommandRunner) -> str | None:
+    """Return the daemon endpoint of the user's active Docker context.
+
+    None when `DOCKER_HOST` is set, which Docker honors with any config
+    directory. Also None when the lookup fails (for example, `DOCKER_CONTEXT`
+    names a context that doesn't exist) or the context has no Docker endpoint
+    (Docker prints `<no value>`); that keeps Docker's own default in place.
+    """
+    if os.environ.get("DOCKER_HOST"):
+        return None
+    try:
+        stdout, _ = runner.run(
+            subp_exec(
+                "docker",
+                "context",
+                "inspect",
+                "--format",
+                "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}",
+                collect=True,
+            )
+        )
+    except (click.exceptions.Exit, OSError):
+        return None
+    host = (stdout or "").strip()
+    return host if "://" in host else None
+
+
 def _docker_argv(docker_config_dir: str | None) -> tuple[str, ...]:
     if docker_config_dir is None:
         return ("docker",)
@@ -1242,17 +1269,13 @@ def _push_image(
     runner: CommandRunner,
     image: str,
     *,
-    docker_config_dir: str | None,
+    docker: tuple[str, ...],
     verbose: bool,
 ) -> None:
     for attempt in range(1, _PUSH_ATTEMPTS + 1):
         try:
             with Progress(message="Pushing...", elapsed=not verbose):
-                runner.run(
-                    subp_exec(
-                        *_docker_argv(docker_config_dir), "push", image, verbose=verbose
-                    )
-                )
+                runner.run(subp_exec(*docker, "push", image, verbose=verbose))
             return
         except click.exceptions.Exit:
             if attempt == _PUSH_ATTEMPTS:
@@ -1337,6 +1360,11 @@ def _run_local_build(
         registry_host = repository.split("/")[0]
 
         with _docker_config_for_token(registry_host, deployment_token, username) as cfg:
+            # A config directory has no current context, so Docker would fall
+            # back to /var/run/docker.sock; keep using the daemon the build used.
+            docker_host = _active_docker_host(runner)
+            host_args = ("--host", docker_host) if docker_host else ()
+            docker = (*_docker_argv(cfg), *host_args)
             _log_deploy_step(step, f"Logging into {registry_host}")
             token_input = (
                 deployment_token
@@ -1345,7 +1373,7 @@ def _run_local_build(
             )
             runner.run(
                 subp_exec(
-                    *_docker_argv(cfg),
+                    *docker,
                     "login",
                     "-u",
                     username,
@@ -1361,7 +1389,7 @@ def _run_local_build(
             runner.run(
                 subp_exec("docker", "tag", image_to_push, remote_image, verbose=verbose)
             )
-            _push_image(runner, remote_image, docker_config_dir=cfg, verbose=verbose)
+            _push_image(runner, remote_image, docker=docker, verbose=verbose)
         step += 1
 
         resolved_image = _resolve_pushed_image_digest(
@@ -1532,6 +1560,14 @@ def _resolve_or_create(
             secrets=ctx.secrets,
         )
     except HostBackendError as err:
+        if err.status_code == 400 and err.detail == (
+            "Scale to zero deployments are not supported in AWS environments"
+        ):
+            raise HostBackendError(
+                f"{err.message}\nUse --deployment-type dev instead.",
+                status_code=err.status_code,
+                detail=err.detail,
+            ) from None
         if _needs_a_listener(err):
             raise ListenerRequiredError(
                 "The image has to come from a registry you manage, so re-run with "
@@ -1826,7 +1862,7 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
                 _build_image(runner, ctx.spec, image, verbose=ctx.verbose)
             step += 1
             _log_deploy_step(step, f"Pushing image {image}")
-            _push_image(runner, image, docker_config_dir=None, verbose=ctx.verbose)
+            _push_image(runner, image, docker=_docker_argv(None), verbose=ctx.verbose)
             step += 1
             digest = _resolve_pushed_image_digest(
                 runner, remote_image=image, docker_config_dir=None, verbose=ctx.verbose
@@ -2185,11 +2221,13 @@ def _deploy_base_options(
             ),
             click.option(
                 "--deployment-type",
-                type=click.Choice(["dev", "prod"]),
-                default="dev",
+                type=click.Choice(["serverless", "dedicated", "dev", "prod"]),
+                default="serverless",
                 show_default=True,
                 help=(
-                    "Deployment type (used when creating a new deployment). "
+                    "Deployment type (used when creating a new deployment): "
+                    "serverless (scale to zero) or dedicated (prod); "
+                    "legacy dev and prod are also accepted. "
                     "Ignored with --push-to."
                 ),
             ),
@@ -2480,7 +2518,9 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
             ),
             verbose=verbose,
             selector=selector,
-            deployment_type=deployment_type,
+            deployment_type={"serverless": "dev_zero", "dedicated": "prod"}.get(
+                deployment_type, deployment_type
+            ),
             secrets=secrets,
             tracked_packages=tracked_packages,
         )

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/exec.py

@@ -44,11 +44,8 @@ async def subp_exec(
     on_stdout: Callable[[str], bool | None] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
     if verbose:
-        cmd_str = f"+ {cmd} {' '.join(map(str, args))}"
-        if input:
-            print(cmd_str, " <\n", "\n".join(filter(None, input.splitlines())), sep="")
-        else:
-            print(cmd_str)
+        # Never echo stdin: it can carry secrets (docker login --password-stdin).
+        print(f"+ {cmd} {' '.join(map(str, args))}")
     if wait:
         await asyncio.sleep(wait)
 

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/cli/test_deploy_command.py

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ ARCHIVE = ("/tmp/src.tgz", 2048, "langgraph.json")
 OBJECT_PATH = "tarballs/src.tgz"
 PLATFORM_FORMAT = "{{.Os}}/{{.Architecture}}"
 DIGESTS_FORMAT = "{{json .RepoDigests}}"
+CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT = "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}"
+CONTEXT_HOST = "unix:///Users/dev/.docker/run/docker.sock"
 NOT_A_CLI_DEPLOYMENT = (
     "push token is only available for 'internal_docker' source deployments"
 )
@@ -192,6 +194,8 @@ class DockerCommand:
 class DockerDouble:
     timeline: list[str]
     failing_pushes: int = 0
+    context_lookup_fails: bool = False
+    context_host: str = CONTEXT_HOST
     builds: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
     commands: list[DockerCommand] = field(default_factory=list)
 
@@ -235,6 +239,10 @@ class DockerDouble:
         if "push" in args and self.failing_pushes > 0:
             self.failing_pushes -= 1
             raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
+        if CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT in args:
+            if self.context_lookup_fails:
+                raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
+            return f"{self.context_host}\n", None
         if PLATFORM_FORMAT in args:
             return "linux/amd64\n", None
         if DIGESTS_FORMAT in args:
@@ -244,6 +252,8 @@ class DockerDouble:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _verb(args: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+        if CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT in args:
+            return "inspect-context"
         if PLATFORM_FORMAT in args:
             return "inspect-platform"
         if DIGESTS_FORMAT in args:
@@ -292,7 +302,12 @@ def deploy_project(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> DeployPro
         json.dumps({"graphs": {"agent": "agent.py:graph"}, "dependencies": ["."]})
     )
     monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
-    for name in ("LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID", "LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT", "LANGGRAPH_HOST_URL"):
+    for name in (
+        "LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID",
+        "LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT",
+        "LANGGRAPH_HOST_URL",
+        "DOCKER_HOST",
+    ):
         monkeypatch.delenv(name, raising=False)
 
     timeline: list[str] = []
@@ -329,6 +344,44 @@ def deploy_project(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> DeployPro
     return DeployProject(control_plane, docker, timeline, uploads)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("detail", "expects_dev_hint"),
+    [
+        ("Scale to zero deployments are not supported in AWS environments", True),
+        ("No eligible cluster is currently available to host this deployment.", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_create_failure_preserves_backend_error_and_only_hints_for_aws_rejection(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str, detail: str, expects_dev_hint: bool
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.create_error = detail
+
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 1, result.output
+    assert detail in result.output
+    assert ("Use --deployment-type dev instead." in result.output) is expects_dev_hint
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": "dev_zero"
+    }
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == [LIST_DEPLOYMENTS, CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+def test_aws_serverless_creation_succeeds_when_backend_accepts_it(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        build_mode, host_url="https://aws.api.host.langchain.com"
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": "dev_zero"
+    }
+
+
 def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
     deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -340,6 +393,7 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
         CREATE_DEPLOYMENT,
         "docker build",
         _push_token(CREATED_ID),
+        "docker inspect-context",
         "docker login",
         "docker tag",
         "docker push",
@@ -349,15 +403,41 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
     assert "Deployment updated" in result.output
 
 
-def test_first_local_deploy_creates_an_internal_docker_deployment(
-    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("deployment_type", "wire_type"),
+    [
+        ("serverless", "dev_zero"),
+        ("dedicated", "prod"),
+        ("dev", "dev"),
+        ("prod", "prod"),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+def test_deployment_type_aliases(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, deployment_type: str, wire_type: str, build_mode: str
 ) -> None:
-    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode, "--deployment-type", deployment_type)
 
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": wire_type
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("build_mode", "source"),
+    [("--no-remote", "internal_docker"), ("--remote", "internal_source")],
+)
+def test_first_deploy_defaults_to_serverless(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str, source: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
     assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT] == {
         "name": "my-app",
-        "source": "internal_docker",
-        "source_config": {"deployment_type": "dev"},
+        "source": source,
+        "source_config": {"deployment_type": "dev_zero"},
         "source_revision_config": {},
         "secrets": [],
     }
@@ -406,7 +486,7 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_control_plane_push_token(
 
     login = deploy_project.docker.command("login")
     assert login.args[:2] == ("docker", "--config")
-    assert login.args[3:] == (
+    assert login.args[-5:] == (
         "login",
         "-u",
         "oauth2accesstoken",
@@ -416,6 +496,53 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_control_plane_push_token(
     assert login.kwargs["input"] == f"{PUSH_TOKEN}\n"
 
 
+def test_local_deploy_logs_in_and_pushes_through_the_active_docker_context(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    """The temporary config has no current context, so without the active
+    context's endpoint Docker would push through /var/run/docker.sock."""
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    for verb in ("login", "push"):
+        args = deploy_project.docker.command(verb).args
+        assert args[3:5] == ("--host", CONTEXT_HOST), verb
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_leaves_an_explicit_docker_host_to_docker(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "tcp://127.0.0.1:2375")
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    for verb in ("login", "push"):
+        assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command(verb).args, verb
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_keeps_dockers_default_when_the_context_lookup_fails(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.docker.context_lookup_fails = True
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command("push").args
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_ignores_a_context_without_a_docker_endpoint(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.docker.context_host = "<no value>"
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command("push").args
+
+
 def test_local_deploy_tells_the_control_plane_it_honors_registry_usernames(
     deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -438,7 +565,7 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_username_the_control_plane_returns(
     deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
 
     login = deploy_project.docker.command("login")
-    assert login.args[3:] == (
+    assert login.args[-5:] == (
         "login",
         "-u",
         "AWS",
@@ -506,6 +633,7 @@ def test_prebuilt_image_is_validated_and_pushed_without_a_build(
     assert deploy_project.docker.builds == []
     assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == [
         "docker inspect-platform",
+        "docker inspect-context",
         "docker login",
         "docker tag",
         "docker push",

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_exec.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import sys
+
+from langgraph_cli.exec import subp_exec
+
+
+async def test_verbose_prints_command_but_not_stdin(capsys):
+    await subp_exec(
+        sys.executable,
+        "-c",
+        "import sys; sys.stdin.read()",
+        input="registry-push-token\n",
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert out.startswith(f"+ {sys.executable} -c"), out
+    assert "registry-push-token" not in out, out

libs/cli/uv-examples/monorepo/uv.lock

@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.2.25"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/2d/7bf41579a8986e348fa033a31cdd0e4121114f6bce2457e8876010b092dd/certifi-2026.2.25.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e887ab5cee78ea814d3472169153c2d12cd43b14bd03329a39a9c6e2e80bfba7", size = 155029, upload-time = "2026-02-25T02:54:17.342Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/3c/c17fb3ca2d9c3acff52e30b309f538586f9f5b9c9cf454f3845fc9af4881/certifi-2026.2.25-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:027692e4402ad994f1c42e52a4997a9763c646b73e4096e4d5d6db8af1d6f0fa", size = 153684, upload-time = "2026-02-25T02:54:15.766Z" },
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7c/f7/4d5fa89d3d10ff6a84e547ef6e02c45b2f2d50e66682da778acf60db63f1/uv-0.13.4-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:deffa5a4afdb48f3e44fb26e80377d256b330ddcad0373daff4b54f6162b43a4", size = 15690151, upload-time = "2026-10-20T15:12:02.74Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/langgraph/Makefile

@@ -43,14 +43,31 @@ start-services:
 stop-services:
 	docker compose -f tests/compose-postgres.yml -f tests/compose-redis.yml down -v
 
+DEV_SERVER_PYTHON ?= 3.12
+DEV_SERVER_ENV = $(CURDIR)/.venvs/dev-server
+
 start-dev-server:
-	LOG_LEVEL=warning uv run langgraph dev --config tests/example_app/langgraph.json --no-browser & echo "$$!" > .devserver.pid
-	@echo "Dev server started."
+	uv sync --frozen --group test --no-dev
+	UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=$(DEV_SERVER_ENV) uv sync --frozen --group test --no-dev --python $(DEV_SERVER_PYTHON)
+	@LOG_LEVEL=warning UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=$(DEV_SERVER_ENV) uv run --no-sync --python $(DEV_SERVER_PYTHON) langgraph dev --config tests/example_app/langgraph.json --no-browser --no-reload & \
+	PID=$$!; echo "$$PID" > .devserver.pid; \
+	for ATTEMPT in $$(seq 1 60); do \
+		if ! kill -0 $$PID 2>/dev/null; then break; fi; \
+		if curl --fail --silent --max-time 1 http://localhost:2024/ok >/dev/null; then \
+			echo "Dev server ready."; exit 0; \
+		fi; \
+		sleep 1; \
+	done; \
+	echo "Dev server failed to become ready." >&2; \
+	kill $$PID 2>/dev/null || true; \
+	wait $$PID 2>/dev/null || true; \
+	rm -f .devserver.pid; exit 1
 
 stop-dev-server:
 	@if [ -f .devserver.pid ]; then \
-		kill `cat .devserver.pid` && rm .devserver.pid; \
-		 echo "Dev server stopped."; \
+		kill $$(cat .devserver.pid) 2>/dev/null || true; \
+		rm -f .devserver.pid; \
+		echo "Dev server stopped."; \
 	else \
 		echo "No dev server PID file found."; \
 	fi
@@ -60,13 +77,12 @@ NO_DOCKER ?= $(sh command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "false" || echo "tru
 
 test:
 	if [ "$(NO_DOCKER)" = "false" ]; then \
-		make start-services &&\
-		make start-dev-server &&\
-		uv run pytest $(TEST); \
-		EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-		make stop-services; \
-		make stop-dev-server; \
-		exit $$EXIT_CODE; \
+		trap '$(MAKE) stop-dev-server; $(MAKE) stop-services' EXIT; \
+		trap 'exit 130' INT; trap 'exit 143' TERM; \
+		$(MAKE) start-services &&\
+		$(MAKE) start-dev-server &&\
+		uv run --no-sync pytest $(TEST); \
+		exit $$?; \
 	else \
 		NO_DOCKER=true uv run pytest $(TEST) ; \
 		EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
@@ -74,13 +90,12 @@ test:
 	fi
 
 test_parallel:
-	make start-services &&\
-	make start-dev-server &&\
-	uv run pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST) -vv --lf; \
-	EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-	make stop-services; \
-	make stop-dev-server; \
-	exit $$EXIT_CODE
+	trap '$(MAKE) stop-dev-server; $(MAKE) stop-services' EXIT; \
+	trap 'exit 130' INT; trap 'exit 143' TERM; \
+	$(MAKE) start-services &&\
+	$(MAKE) start-dev-server &&\
+	uv run --no-sync pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST) -vv --lf; \
+	exit $$?
 
 integration_tests:
 	uv run pytest integration_tests

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_loop.py

@@ -257,8 +257,10 @@ class PregelLoop:
     _resume_loaded_writes: Sequence[PendingWrite] = ()
     # Tasks `_reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes` handed loaded writes back to.
     _reapplied_task_ids: set[str]
-    # An update or fork checkpoint addressed by `checkpoint_id` that the thread
-    # has moved past, so it may already have children.
+    # Tasks that wrote during this run, the only ones exit mode saves at exit.
+    _written_task_ids: set[str]
+    # A checkpoint addressed by `checkpoint_id` that the thread has moved past,
+    # so it may already have children.
     _addressed_checkpoint_superseded: bool = False
 
     # The checkpoint_config that points at the parent loaded at `__enter__`
@@ -349,7 +351,6 @@ class PregelLoop:
         self.interrupt_before = interrupt_before
         self.manager = manager
         self.is_nested = CONFIG_KEY_TASK_ID in self.config.get(CONF, {})
-        self.is_replaying = CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID in config[CONF]
         self._migrate_checkpoint = migrate_checkpoint
         self.trigger_to_nodes = trigger_to_nodes
         self.retry_policy = retry_policy
@@ -407,6 +408,14 @@ class PregelLoop:
             else ()
         )
         self.prev_checkpoint_config = None
+        # Whether the run points this loop at a checkpoint: a truthy
+        # `checkpoint_id`, this graph's `checkpoint_map` entry, or a replaying
+        # parent. Every task config carries `checkpoint_id: None`, so a key
+        # check would count every subgraph.
+        self._addressed = bool(
+            self.checkpoint_config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID)
+            or self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_REPLAY_STATE)
+        )
         runtime = self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_RUNTIME)
         self.control = runtime.control if isinstance(runtime, Runtime) else None
 
@@ -455,6 +464,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
         """Put writes for a task, to be read by the next tick."""
         if not writes:
             return
+        self._written_task_ids.add(task_id)
         # deduplicate writes to special channels, last write wins
         if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes):
             writes = list({w[0]: w for w in writes}.values())
@@ -468,6 +478,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes
                 if w[0] != task_id or w[1] not in WRITES_IDX_MAP
             ]
+            # Savers key a regular write by its position in the list, and the
+            # special ones dropped above won't be there next time, so they go
+            # last: a resume saved ahead of an update would move it to a new
+            # slot once the list is saved again, and it would apply twice.
+            writes = sorted(writes, key=lambda w: w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP)
             writes_to_save: WritesT = [
                 w[1:] for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[0] == task_id
             ] + list(writes)
@@ -556,10 +571,12 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: self.checkpoint["id"],
             },
         )
-        # group by task id
+        # Writes loaded with the checkpoint are stored on it already. Saving them
+        # again can file them under new indexes, and then they apply twice.
         by_task = defaultdict(list)
         for task_id, channel, value in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
-            by_task[task_id].append((channel, value))
+            if task_id in self._written_task_ids:
+                by_task[task_id].append((channel, value))
         # submit writes to checkpointer
         for task_id, writes in by_task.items():
             if self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path and hasattr(
@@ -904,6 +921,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
             if tid != NULL_TASK_ID and isinstance(self.specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
         }
         self._exit_command_writes = []
+        self._written_task_ids = set()
         # Resuming from a previous checkpoint requires two things:
         # 1. A prior checkpoint exists (channel_versions is non-empty)
         # 2. The input signals continuation (not a fresh run with new input)
@@ -931,7 +949,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
         # writes so that interrupt() calls re-fire instead of returning
         # stale values. But if we're actively resuming, keep them —
         # multi-interrupt scenarios need previously resolved values preserved.
-        is_time_traveling = self.is_replaying and (
+        is_time_traveling = self._addressed and (
             # Time-travel to a subgraph checkpoint: the parent sets
             # RESUMING=True (it can't distinguish time-travel from resume),
             # so we check if this subgraph's own ns is in checkpoint_map.
@@ -950,6 +968,10 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 or configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_RESUMING, False)
             )
         )
+        # Finished tasks rerun only on time travel, or on a resume at a
+        # checkpoint the thread has moved past. A resume addressed at the
+        # thread's latest checkpoint hands their writes back, as without an id.
+        self.is_replaying = is_time_traveling or self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded
         if is_time_traveling:
             self.checkpoint_pending_writes = [
                 w for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[1] != RESUME
@@ -1165,11 +1187,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
             # checkpoint ID since the fork was created after the subgraph's
             # checkpoints from the original execution.
             #
-            # Only gate on is_time_traveling (not is_replaying). When the
+            # Only gate on is_time_traveling (not _addressed). When the
             # client resumes with an explicit checkpoint_id that happens to
             # point at the current head (e.g. LangGraph Studio sending
             # `checkpoint: {checkpoint_id}` alongside Command(resume=...)),
-            # is_replaying is True but is_time_traveling is False. In that
+            # the run is addressed but not time traveling. In that
             # case subgraphs should load their latest checkpoint normally,
             # not go through ReplayState's before-bound lookup which would
             # miss subgraph checkpoints created during processing of the
@@ -1789,7 +1811,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             # This covers both normal replay and subgraphs resolved via
             # checkpoint_map during time-travel.
             saved = self.checkpointer.get_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
-            if saved is not None and saved.metadata.get("source") in ("update", "fork"):
+            if saved is not None:
                 self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded = checkpoint_superseded(
                     self.checkpointer, self.checkpoint_config, saved
                 )
@@ -2045,7 +2067,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             # This covers both normal replay and subgraphs resolved via
             # checkpoint_map during time-travel.
             saved = await self.checkpointer.aget_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
-            if saved is not None and saved.metadata.get("source") in ("update", "fork"):
+            if saved is not None:
                 self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded = await acheckpoint_superseded(
                     self.checkpointer, self.checkpoint_config, saved
                 )

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_runner.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from langgraph._internal._future import chain_future, run_coroutine_threadsafe
 from langgraph._internal._scratchpad import PregelScratchpad
 from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
 from langgraph.constants import TAG_HIDDEN
-from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt
+from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt, is_invalid_resume
 from langgraph.pregel._algo import Call
 from langgraph.pregel._executor import Submit
 from langgraph.pregel._retry import arun_with_retry, run_with_retry
@@ -621,7 +621,11 @@ def _should_stop_others(
     handled_exception_ids: set[int] | None = None,
 ) -> bool:
     """Check if any task failed, if so, cancel all other tasks.
-    GraphInterrupts are not considered failures."""
+    GraphInterrupts are not considered failures.
+
+    Neither is an invalid resume value: it's raised once the other tasks finish, so a
+    task answered in the same resume isn't cut off after its side effects and then run
+    again with its saved answer."""
     for fut in done:
         if fut.cancelled():
             continue
@@ -629,6 +633,7 @@ def _should_stop_others(
             if (
                 id(exc) not in (handled_exception_ids or set())
                 and not isinstance(exc, GraphBubbleUp)
+                and not is_invalid_resume(exc)
                 and fut not in SKIP_RERAISE_SET
             ):
                 return True

libs/langgraph/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 description = "Building stateful, multi-actor applications with LLMs"
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_exit_mode.py

@@ -521,10 +521,11 @@ def test_addressed_resume_keeps_a_rerun_tasks_write_to_a_new_channel(
     graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
     config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
     graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability=durability)
-    head = graph.get_state(config).config
+    paused = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.update_state(config, None)
 
     live = graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume="yes", update={"flag": True}), head, durability=durability
+        Command(resume="yes", update={"flag": True}), paused, durability=durability
     )
 
     state = graph.get_state(config)

libs/langgraph/tests/test_interrupt_state.py

@@ -152,6 +152,83 @@ def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt(
         assert asked == [["A1", "B"]]
 
 
+def test_finished_task_output_applies_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("a", lambda s: {"log": [f"a:{interrupt('A')}"]})
+    builder.add_node("b", lambda s: {"log": [f"b:{interrupt('B')}"]})
+    builder.add_node("c", lambda s: {"log": [f"c:{interrupt('C')}"]})
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "b")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "c")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = _config()
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    while pending := result.get("__interrupt__"):
+        result = graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume={pending[0].id: "yes"}), config, durability=durability
+        )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:yes", "c:yes"]
+
+
+def test_resume_with_update_applies_the_update_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    def ask_three_times(state: State) -> State:
+        answers = [interrupt(str(question)) for question in range(1, 4)]
+        return {"log": ["a:" + "".join(answers)]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", ask_three_times)
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = _config()
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    for i in range(1, 4):
+        result = graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume=str(i), update={"log": [f"u{i}"]}),
+            config,
+            durability=durability,
+        )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:123", "u1", "u2", "u3"]
+    assert sorted(graph.get_state(config).values["log"]) == sorted(result["log"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("checkpoint_id", ["none", "head"])
+def test_resume_at_the_latest_checkpoint_does_not_rerun_finished_task(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, checkpoint_id: str
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls)
+    config = _config()
+    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
+
+    def resume(question: str, answer: str) -> Any:
+        snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+        target = (
+            snapshot.config
+            if checkpoint_id == "head"
+            else {"configurable": {**config["configurable"], "checkpoint_id": None}}
+        )
+        return graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, question).id: answer}),
+            target,
+        )
+
+    resume("A1", "yes")
+    result = resume("B", "ok")
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
+    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}, "resuming B ran the finished A again"
+
+
 @NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
 async def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt_async(
     async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
@@ -474,6 +551,64 @@ def test_functional_task_finished_with_none_is_not_rerun(
     assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
 
 
+def test_subgraph_finished_task_is_not_rerun(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("child", _build_parallel(None, calls))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "child")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = _config()
+
+    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+    graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}),
+        config,
+        durability=durability,
+    )
+    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+    result = graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}),
+        config,
+        durability=durability,
+    )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
+    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}, "resuming B ran the finished A again"
+
+
+def test_nested_entrypoint_finished_task_is_not_rerun(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+
+    @task
+    def step_1(query: str) -> str:
+        calls["step_1"] += 1
+        return f"{query} bar"
+
+    @task
+    def human_feedback(query: str) -> str:
+        calls["human_feedback"] += 1
+        return f"{query} {interrupt('feedback?')}"
+
+    @entrypoint()
+    def child(query: str) -> str:
+        return human_feedback(step_1(query).result()).result()
+
+    @entrypoint(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    def parent(query: str) -> str:
+        return child.invoke(query)
+
+    config = _config()
+    parent.invoke("foo", config)
+
+    assert parent.invoke(Command(resume="baz"), config) == "foo bar baz"
+    assert calls == {"step_1": 1, "human_feedback": 2}
+
+
 # --- Reading task status from recorded writes ---
 
 

libs/langgraph/tests/test_interruption.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import asyncio
+import operator
+import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Annotated, Any
 
 import pytest
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
@@ -251,3 +254,61 @@ def test_interrupt_response_schema_invalid_resume_after_earlier_interrupt(
     assert graph.invoke(resume({"approved": True}), config) == {
         "answer": ["ok", Decision(approved=True)]
     }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 11),
+    reason="Python 3.11+ is required for async contextvars support",
+)
+async def test_invalid_resume_lets_other_answered_tasks_finish(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """An invalid answer fails the resume without cutting off the other answered tasks.
+
+    A task cancelled after its side effect keeps its answer and runs again on the next
+    resume, so the side effect would happen twice.
+    """
+    sent: list[str] = []
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        log: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    async def send(state: State) -> State:
+        interrupt("send?", response_schema=Decision)
+        sent.append("email")
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # waiting on the reply to a request already sent
+        return {"log": ["sent"]}
+
+    async def check(state: State) -> State:
+        interrupt("check?", response_schema=Decision)
+        return {"log": ["checked"]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("send", send)
+        .add_node("check", check)
+        .add_edge(START, "send")
+        .add_edge(START, "check")
+        .compile(checkpointer=async_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"log": []}, config)
+    ids = {i.value: i.id for i in (await graph.aget_state(config)).interrupts}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved"):
+        await graph.ainvoke(
+            Command(
+                resume={
+                    ids["send?"]: {"approved": True},
+                    ids["check?"]: {"approved": "nope"},
+                }
+            ),
+            config,
+        )
+    pending = [i.value for i in (await graph.aget_state(config)).interrupts]
+    assert (pending, sent) == (["check?"], ["email"])
+
+    result = await graph.ainvoke(
+        Command(resume={ids["check?"]: {"approved": True}}), config
+    )
+    assert (sorted(result["log"]), sent) == (["checked", "sent"], ["email"])

libs/langgraph/tests/test_pregel.py

@@ -7737,6 +7737,8 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
 def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
     # --- CHILD GRAPH ---
 
+    answered: Counter[str] = Counter()
+
     class ChildState(BaseModel):
         prompt: str = Field(..., description="What is going to be asked to the user?")
         human_input: str | None = Field(None, description="What the human said")
@@ -7746,6 +7748,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N
 
     def get_human_input(state: ChildState):
         human_input = interrupt(state.prompt)
+        answered["human"] += 1
 
         return dict(
             human_inputs=[human_input],  # update parent state
@@ -7753,6 +7756,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N
 
     def get_dolphin_input(state: ChildState):
         human_input = interrupt(state.prompt)
+        answered["dolphin"] += 1
 
         return dict(
             human_inputs=[human_input],  # update parent state
@@ -7846,6 +7850,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N
 
     assert invokes == 5
     assert len(events) == 5
+    assert answered == {"human": 2, "dolphin": 2}
 
 
 def test_pregel_loop_refcount():

libs/langgraph/tests/test_prune_postgres.py

@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+import operator
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from threading import Event
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, AnyMessage, HumanMessage
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, PRUNE_HEADS_SQL
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer, add_messages
+from langgraph.types import Command, StateSnapshot, interrupt
+from tests.conftest import NO_DOCKER
+from tests.conftest_checkpointer import (
+    DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI,
+    _checkpointer_postgres,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pool,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pool,
+)
+
+pytestmark = [
+    pytest.mark.anyio,
+    pytest.mark.skipif(NO_DOCKER, reason="needs Postgres"),
+]
+
+NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 11),
+    reason="Python 3.11+ is required for async contextvars support",
+)
+
+SYNC = [
+    _checkpointer_postgres,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pool,
+]
+ASYNC = [
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pool,
+]
+
+
+class State(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list[AnyMessage], add_messages]
+    notes: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+
+class DeltaState(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list[AnyMessage], DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer)]
+
+
+def _reply(ask: bool):
+    def reply(state: dict) -> dict:
+        n = len(state["messages"])
+        answer = interrupt("approve?") if ask else "ok"
+        return {"messages": [AIMessage(f"{answer} {n}", id=f"reply-{n}")]}
+
+    return reply
+
+
+def _graph(
+    checkpointer: Any,
+    *,
+    ask: bool = False,
+    fail: set[str] | None = None,
+    calls: dict[str, int] | None = None,
+    before_fail: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    def note(name: str):
+        def node(state: State) -> dict:
+            if calls is not None:
+                calls[name] = calls.get(name, 0) + 1
+            if fail is not None and name in fail:
+                if before_fail is not None:
+                    before_fail()
+                fail.discard(name)
+                raise ValueError(f"{name} failed")
+            return {"notes": [name]}
+
+        return node
+
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("left", note("left"))
+    builder.add_node("right", note("right"))
+    builder.add_node("reply", _reply(ask))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "left")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "right")
+    builder.add_edge(["left", "right"], "reply")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _counting_subgraph(name: str, *, checkpointer: bool | None) -> Any:
+    class Calls(TypedDict):
+        messages: Annotated[list[AnyMessage], add_messages]
+        calls: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    def count(state: Calls) -> dict:
+        n = len(state["messages"])
+        reply = AIMessage(f"{name} call {len(state['calls']) + 1}", id=f"{name}-{n}")
+        return {"calls": [name], "messages": [reply]}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(Calls)
+    builder.add_node("count", count)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "count")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _delta_graph(checkpointer: Any) -> Any:
+    builder = StateGraph(DeltaState)
+    builder.add_node("reply", _reply(ask=False))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "reply")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _config(thread_id: str) -> RunnableConfig:
+    return {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id}}
+
+
+def _say(i: int) -> dict:
+    return {"messages": [HumanMessage(f"hi {i}", id=f"hi-{i}")]}
+
+
+def _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer: Any, thread_id: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [c.checkpoint["id"] for c in checkpointer.list(_config(thread_id))]
+
+
+def _namespaces(checkpointer: Any, thread_id: str) -> list[str]:
+    return sorted(
+        c.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]
+        for c in checkpointer.list(_config(thread_id))
+    )
+
+
+async def _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer: Any, thread_id: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [c.checkpoint["id"] async for c in checkpointer.alist(_config(thread_id))]
+
+
+def _parentless(snapshot: StateSnapshot) -> StateSnapshot:
+    return snapshot._replace(
+        parent_config=None,
+        tasks=tuple(
+            t._replace(state=_parentless(t.state))
+            if isinstance(t.state, StateSnapshot)
+            else t
+            for t in snapshot.tasks
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _run_once_after(
+    saver: PostgresSaver, sql: str, action: Callable[[], Any], *, nth: int = 1
+) -> None:
+    seen = 0
+    cursor = saver._cursor
+
+    class Hooked:
+        def __init__(self, cur: Any) -> None:
+            self.cur = cur
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            return getattr(self.cur, name)
+
+        def execute(self, query: Any, params: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            nonlocal seen
+            self.cur.execute(query, params, **kwargs)
+            if query is sql:
+                seen += 1
+                if seen == nth:
+                    action()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def hooked(**kwargs: Any):
+        with cursor(**kwargs) as cur:
+            yield Hooked(cur)
+
+    saver._cursor = hooked
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("durability", ["sync", "async", "exit"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_the_state_and_the_thread_runs_on_like_its_twin(
+    make_checkpointer: Any, durability: str
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, "pruned") == [
+            before.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
+        ]
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(_say(3), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_pending_interrupt_resumable(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, ask=True)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+                graph.invoke(Command(resume=f"yes {i}"), _config(thread_id))
+            graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))
+        assert before.interrupts
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes 2"), _config(thread_id))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_writes_of_tasks_that_finished_before_a_failure(
+    make_checkpointer: Any, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        calls: dict[str, int] = {}
+        fail: set[str] = set()
+        left_persisted = Event()
+        put_writes = checkpointer.put_writes
+
+        def persist(config, writes, task_id, task_path=""):
+            put_writes(config, writes, task_id, task_path)
+            if ("notes", ["left"]) in writes:
+                left_persisted.set()
+
+        def wait_for_left() -> None:
+            assert left_persisted.wait(5), "left task writes were not persisted"
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(checkpointer, "put_writes", persist)
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, fail=fail, calls=calls, before_fail=wait_for_left)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+            left_persisted.clear()
+            fail.add("right")
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="right failed"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+            checkpoint = checkpointer.get_tuple(_config(thread_id))
+            assert checkpoint is not None
+            assert any(
+                channel == "notes" and value == ["left"]
+                for _, channel, value in checkpoint.pending_writes
+            )
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        left_runs = calls["left"]
+        graph.invoke(None, _config("pruned"))
+        assert calls["left"] == left_runs, "a task that had finished ran again"
+        graph.invoke(None, _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_an_interrupted_subgraph_resumable(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        sub = StateGraph(State)
+        sub.add_node("reply", _reply(ask=True))
+        sub.add_edge(START, "reply")
+        parent = StateGraph(State)
+        parent.add_node("sub", sub.compile())
+        parent.add_edge(START, "sub")
+        graph = parent.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+                graph.invoke(Command(resume=f"yes {i}"), _config(thread_id))
+            graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"), subgraphs=True)
+        interrupted = before.tasks[0].state.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert _namespaces(checkpointer, "pruned") == ["", interrupted]
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned"), subgraphs=True) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes 2"), _config(thread_id))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("durability", ["sync", "async", "exit"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_checkpointer_true_subgraph_but_not_finished_calls(
+    make_checkpointer: Any, durability: str
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        parent = StateGraph(State)
+        parent.add_node("memory", _counting_subgraph("memory", checkpointer=True))
+        parent.add_node("call", _counting_subgraph("call", checkpointer=None))
+        parent.add_edge(START, "memory")
+        parent.add_edge("memory", "call")
+        graph = parent.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert _namespaces(checkpointer, "pruned") == ["", "memory"]
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(_say(3), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_turn_saved_after_it_read_the_heads() -> None:
+    with (
+        _checkpointer_postgres() as checkpointer,
+        PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(
+            DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + checkpointer.conn.info.dbname
+        ) as pruner,
+    ):
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+        _run_once_after(
+            pruner, PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, lambda: graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("pruned"))
+        )
+
+        pruner.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_thread_that_switches_to_a_delta_channel_mid_batch() -> (
+    None
+):
+    with (
+        _checkpointer_postgres() as checkpointer,
+        PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(
+            DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + checkpointer.conn.info.dbname
+        ) as pruner,
+    ):
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("switched", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+        _run_once_after(
+            pruner,
+            PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL,
+            lambda: delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("switched")),
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="switched"):
+            pruner.prune(["switched"])
+
+        delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            delta_graph.get_state(_config("switched")).values
+            == delta_graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_delta_channel_turn_saved_after_the_thread_check() -> None:
+    with (
+        _checkpointer_postgres() as checkpointer,
+        PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(
+            DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + checkpointer.conn.info.dbname
+        ) as pruner,
+    ):
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("switched", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+        head = _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, "switched")[0]
+        _run_once_after(
+            pruner,
+            PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL,
+            lambda: delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("switched")),
+            nth=2,
+        )
+
+        pruner.prune(["switched"])
+
+        assert _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, "switched")[-1] == head
+        delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            delta_graph.get_state(_config("switched")).values
+            == delta_graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_batch_with_a_delta_channel_thread(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            graph.invoke(_say(i), _config("ordinary"))
+            delta_graph.invoke(_say(i), _config("delta"))
+        before = {t: _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in ("ordinary", "delta")}
+        delta_before = delta_graph.get_state(_config("delta"))
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="delta"):
+            checkpointer.prune(["ordinary", "delta"])
+
+        assert {t: _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in before} == before
+        assert delta_graph.get_state(_config("delta")) == delta_before
+
+
+@NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", ASYNC)
+async def test_akeep_latest_keeps_a_pending_interrupt_resumable(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    async with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, ask=True)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                await graph.ainvoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+                await graph.ainvoke(Command(resume=f"yes {i}"), _config(thread_id))
+            await graph.ainvoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+        before = await graph.aget_state(_config("pruned"))
+
+        await checkpointer.aprune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert await _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer, "pruned") == [
+            before.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
+        ]
+        assert await graph.aget_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            await graph.ainvoke(Command(resume="yes 2"), _config(thread_id))
+        assert (await graph.aget_state(_config("pruned"))).values == (
+            await graph.aget_state(_config("twin"))
+        ).values
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", ASYNC)
+async def test_akeep_latest_refuses_a_batch_with_a_delta_channel_thread(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    async with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            await graph.ainvoke(_say(i), _config("ordinary"))
+            await delta_graph.ainvoke(_say(i), _config("delta"))
+        before = {
+            t: await _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in ("ordinary", "delta")
+        }
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="delta"):
+            await checkpointer.aprune(["ordinary", "delta"])
+
+        assert {t: await _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in before} == before

libs/langgraph/tests/test_time_travel.py

@@ -1177,6 +1177,43 @@ def test_subgraph_interrupt_resume_with_explicit_head_checkpoint_id(
     assert result["value"] == ["sub_a", "human:answer", "sub_b"]
 
 
+def test_subgraph_replay_reasks_answered_parallel_interrupt(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Replaying a subgraph checkpoint asks its step's questions again, including
+    one already answered. An update checkpoint replays in place instead of
+    forking, so its tasks keep their ids and its saved answers could be reused."""
+
+    subgraph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", lambda s: {"value": [f"a:{interrupt('a')}"]})
+        .add_node("b", lambda s: {"value": [f"b:{interrupt('b')}"]})
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .add_edge(START, "b")
+        .compile(checkpointer=True)
+    )
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("subgraph_node", subgraph)
+        .add_edge(START, "subgraph_node")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    def subgraph_head() -> RunnableConfig:
+        return graph.get_state(config, subgraphs=True).tasks[0].state.config
+
+    graph.invoke({"value": []}, config)
+    graph.update_state(subgraph_head(), {"value": ["u"]}, as_node="__start__")
+    result = graph.invoke(None, config)
+    question_a = next(i for i in result["__interrupt__"] if i.value == "a")
+    graph.invoke(Command(resume={question_a.id: "yes"}), config)
+
+    result = graph.invoke(None, subgraph_head())
+
+    assert sorted(i.value for i in result["__interrupt__"]) == ["a", "b"]
+
+
 def test_subgraph_replay_loads_accumulated_state_then_resume(
     sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
 ) -> None:

libs/langgraph/uv.lock

@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.3"
+version = "3.2.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
@@ -1835,7 +1835,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -1876,7 +1876,7 @@ test = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },

libs/prebuilt/pyproject.toml

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 [project]
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-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 description = "Library with high-level APIs for creating and executing LangGraph agents and tools."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test = [
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     "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres",
     "syrupy",
-    "psycopg-binary",
+    "psycopg[binary]",
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 lint = [
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libs/prebuilt/uv.lock

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@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ test = [
 
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+version = "3.2.0"
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@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ test = [
 
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-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
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     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite" },
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+    { name = "psycopg", extra = ["binary"] },
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 [[package]]

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from langgraph_sdk.client import get_client, get_sync_client
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption import Encryption
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption.types import DecryptResult, EncryptionContext
 
-__version__ = "0.4.7"
+__version__ = "0.4.8"
 
 __all__ = [
     "Auth",

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/stream.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 import contextlib
+import logging
 import random
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Generator, Mapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.decoders import (
     ToolCallsDecoder,
     validate_interleave_channels,
 )
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    protocol_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, infer_channel
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     AsyncProtocolTransport,
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     ProtocolWebSocketTransport,
 )
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class InterruptPayload(TypedDict):
     """Payload surfaced when the server requests human input for a thread."""
@@ -193,6 +201,7 @@ class RunModule:
             if not gate.done():
                 gate.set_result(None)
             self._owner._run_seen = True
+            self._owner._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
             return result
         except BaseException as err:
             # Why: gate MUST reject on any exit type, including CancelledError,
@@ -1203,6 +1212,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
         # observes a `completed`/`errored` event.
         self._interrupts_lock = asyncio.Lock()
         self._lifecycle_watcher_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+        self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = False
         self._lifecycle_watcher_handle: EventStreamHandle | None = None
         self._lifecycle_cursor: int | None = None
         self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 5
@@ -1261,8 +1271,11 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
         # Create the run-done future here (async context guarantees a running loop).
         self._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
         # Start the lifecycle watcher immediately so reattach and thread.output
-        # work without a preceding run.start call.
-        self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
+        # work without a preceding run.start call. A minted thread_id names no
+        # thread until run.start creates it, and with custom auth a stream for a
+        # thread that doesn't exist yet fails, so run.start starts the watcher.
+        if self._explicit_thread_id:
+            self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
         return self
 
     async def __aexit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
@@ -1630,6 +1643,13 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 async for event in self._dedup_iter(shared.events):
                     if self._closed:
                         break
+                    if (frame_error := stream_error_frame(event)) is not None:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Thread %s event stream failed: %s",
+                            self.thread_id,
+                            frame_error,
+                        )
+                        continue
                     self._observe_event(event)
                     for sub in list(self._subscriptions.values()):
                         if matches_subscription(event, sub.params):
@@ -1655,6 +1675,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 if (
                     err is not None
                     and not isinstance(err, asyncio.CancelledError)
+                    and not is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
                     and not self._closed
                 ):
                     with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
@@ -1681,7 +1702,8 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
 
         Returns:
             `True` if a new stream was opened (caller should resume fanout),
-            `False` if all reconnect attempts were exhausted or the controller
+            `False` if all reconnect attempts were exhausted, the server
+            rejected the stream with a non-retryable 4xx, or the controller
             was closed in the meantime.
         """
         if self._transport is None:
@@ -1702,7 +1724,9 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 await new_stream.ready
             except asyncio.CancelledError:
                 raise
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as err:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(err):
+                    return False
                 await self._reconnect_sleep(attempt)
                 continue
             self._shared_stream = new_stream
@@ -1800,9 +1824,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
             # 202/204 — no body. Caller gets an empty result.
             return {}
         if response.get("type") == "error":
-            code = response.get("error", "unknown")
-            message = response.get("message", "")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+            raise protocol_error(response)
         meta = response.get("meta")
         if isinstance(meta, dict):
             applied_through_seq = meta.get("applied_through_seq")
@@ -1826,8 +1848,15 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
             await asyncio.wait_for(asyncio.shield(gate), timeout=timeout)
 
     def _ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running(self) -> None:
-        if self._lifecycle_watcher_task is not None:
+        task = self._lifecycle_watcher_task
+        if task is not None and not self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected:
             return
+        if task is not None:
+            # A 4xx stopped the watcher before this run started, typically the
+            # 404 for a thread this run.start just created, so the result it
+            # left isn't this run's.
+            self._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = False
         self._lifecycle_watcher_task = asyncio.create_task(
             self._run_lifecycle_watcher()
         )
@@ -1850,7 +1879,11 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
         if self._transport is None:
             return
         reconnect_attempts = 0
+        frame_error: RuntimeError | None = None
         while not self._closed:
+            # A stream opened before run.start can 404 for the thread that
+            # run.start creates, so it gets one more try once a run has started.
+            opened_before_run = not self._run_seen
             try:
                 handle = self._transport.open_event_stream(
                     self._lifecycle_stream_params()
@@ -1860,6 +1893,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 async for event in handle.events:
                     if self._closed:
                         return
+                    frame_error = stream_error_frame(event) or frame_error
                     self._observe_lifecycle_event(event)
                     await self._apply_lifecycle_event(event)
                 err = await handle.done
@@ -1868,38 +1902,43 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                     # event. Resolve `_run_done` as errored so awaiters of
                     # `thread.output` don't hang.
                     if err is None:
-                        run_done = self._run_done
-                        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                            run_done.set_result(
-                                _RunTerminal(
-                                    status="errored",
-                                    error=RuntimeError(
-                                        "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
-                                    ),
-                                )
+                        self._fail_run_done(
+                            frame_error
+                            or RuntimeError(
+                                "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
                             )
+                        )
                     return
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
-                if reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
+                if (
+                    is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                    or reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts
+                ):
                     raise err
                 await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
             except asyncio.CancelledError:
                 raise
             except Exception as exc:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(exc):
+                    if opened_before_run and self._run_seen:
+                        continue
+                    self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = True
+                    self._fail_run_done(exc)
+                    return
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
                 if reconnect_attempts <= self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
                     await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
                     continue
-                run_done = self._run_done
-                if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                    run_done.set_result(
-                        _RunTerminal(
-                            status="errored",
-                            error=RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}"),
-                        )
-                    )
+                self._fail_run_done(
+                    frame_error or RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}")
+                )
                 return
 
+    def _fail_run_done(self, error: BaseException) -> None:
+        run_done = self._run_done
+        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
+            run_done.set_result(_RunTerminal(status="errored", error=error))
+
     async def _fetch_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Fetch the current thread state from the REST endpoint."""
         return await self._http.get(

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/stream.py

@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.decoders import (
     ToolCallsDecoder,
     validate_interleave_channels,
 )
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    protocol_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, infer_channel
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.sync_controller import (
     SyncStreamController,
@@ -237,6 +242,7 @@ class SyncRunModule:
         controller = self._owner._controller
         if controller is not None and controller._run_start_gate is not None:
             controller._run_start_gate.set()
+        self._owner._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
         return result
 
     def respond(
@@ -1111,6 +1117,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         self.interrupted: bool = False
         self.interrupts: list[InterruptPayload] = []
         self._lifecycle_watcher_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+        self._lifecycle_watcher_lock = threading.Lock()
         self._lifecycle_watcher_handle: SyncEventStreamHandle | None = None
         self._lifecycle_cursor: int | None = None
         self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 5
@@ -1149,7 +1156,11 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
             self._transport, run_start_gate=run_start_gate
         )
         self._run_done = _BlockingResult()
-        self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
+        # A minted thread_id names no thread until run.start creates it, and
+        # with custom auth a stream for a thread that doesn't exist yet fails,
+        # so run.start starts the watcher instead.
+        if self._explicit_thread_id:
+            self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
@@ -1485,9 +1496,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         if response is None:
             return {}
         if response.get("type") == "error":
-            code = response.get("error", "unknown")
-            message = response.get("message", "")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+            raise protocol_error(response)
         meta = response.get("meta")
         if isinstance(meta, dict):
             applied_through_seq = meta.get("applied_through_seq")
@@ -1496,14 +1505,20 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         return response.get("result", {})
 
     def _ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running(self) -> None:
-        if self._lifecycle_watcher_thread is not None:
-            return
-        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = threading.Thread(
-            target=self._run_lifecycle_watcher,
-            name="langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle",
-            daemon=True,
-        )
-        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread.start()
+        with self._lifecycle_watcher_lock:
+            if self._lifecycle_watcher_thread is not None:
+                return
+            if self._run_done is not None and self._run_done.done():
+                # A 4xx stopped the watcher before this run started, typically
+                # the 404 for a thread this run.start just created, so the
+                # result it left isn't this run's.
+                self._run_done = _BlockingResult()
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self._run_lifecycle_watcher,
+                name="langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle",
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread.start()
 
     def _observe_lifecycle_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
         seq = event.get("seq")
@@ -1523,7 +1538,11 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         if self._transport is None:
             return
         reconnect_attempts = 0
+        frame_error: RuntimeError | None = None
         while not self._closed:
+            # A stream opened before run.start can 404 for the thread that
+            # run.start creates, so it gets one more try once a run has started.
+            opened_before_run = not self._run_seen
             try:
                 handle = self._transport.open_event_stream(
                     self._lifecycle_stream_params()
@@ -1532,28 +1551,64 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
                 for event in handle.events:
                     if self._closed:
                         return
+                    frame_error = stream_error_frame(event) or frame_error
                     self._observe_lifecycle_event(event)
                     self._apply_lifecycle_event(event)
                 err = handle.error()
                 if err is None:
+                    # Clean EOF: stream ended without a terminal lifecycle
+                    # event. Resolve `_run_done` as errored so `thread.output`
+                    # doesn't block forever.
+                    if not self._closed:
+                        self._fail_run_done(
+                            frame_error
+                            or RuntimeError(
+                                "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
+                            )
+                        )
                     return
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
-                if reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
+                if (
+                    is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                    or reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts
+                ):
                     raise err
             except Exception as exc:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(exc):
+                    if self._stop_rejected_lifecycle_watcher(
+                        exc, unless_run_started=opened_before_run
+                    ):
+                        return
+                    continue
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
                 if reconnect_attempts <= self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
                     continue
-                run_done = self._run_done
-                if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                    run_done.set_result(
-                        _RunTerminal(
-                            status="errored",
-                            error=RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}"),
-                        )
-                    )
+                self._fail_run_done(
+                    frame_error or RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}")
+                )
                 return
 
+    def _stop_rejected_lifecycle_watcher(
+        self, error: BaseException, *, unless_run_started: bool = False
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Fail the run with a 4xx `error` and clear the watcher, so run.start starts another.
+
+        Returns False, changing nothing, when `unless_run_started` is set and a
+        run has started. Holding the lock keeps a run.start from seeing this
+        watcher as still running once it has decided to stop.
+        """
+        with self._lifecycle_watcher_lock:
+            if unless_run_started and self._run_seen:
+                return False
+            self._fail_run_done(error)
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = None
+            return True
+
+    def _fail_run_done(self, error: BaseException) -> None:
+        run_done = self._run_done
+        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
+            run_done.set_result(_RunTerminal(status="errored", error=error))
+
     def _fetch_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Fetch the current thread state from the REST endpoint."""
         return self._http.get(

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/stream/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Thread-stream failures, shared by the async and sync clients."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import httpx
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed, InvalidStatus
+
+
+def protocol_error(response: dict[str, Any]) -> RuntimeError:
+    """Build the error for a protocol `{"type": "error"}` envelope."""
+    code = response.get("error", "unknown")
+    message = response.get("message", "")
+    return RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+
+
+def stream_error_frame(event: Any) -> RuntimeError | None:
+    """Return the error in an unsolicited `{"type": "error", "id": null}` frame.
+
+    The server sends one just before it closes a thread stream whose read failed.
+    """
+    if (
+        isinstance(event, dict)
+        and event.get("type") == "error"
+        and event.get("id") is None
+    ):
+        return protocol_error(event)
+    return None
+
+
+def is_non_retryable_stream_error(error: BaseException | None) -> bool:
+    """Whether reopening the stream would fail the same way.
+
+    True for a 4xx other than 408 and 429: the status of a refused stream request
+    or WebSocket upgrade, or a WebSocket close code of 4000 plus that status. A
+    server that rejects a WebSocket after accepting it closes with such a code,
+    because a browser can't read the status of a refused upgrade.
+    """
+    if isinstance(error, (httpx.HTTPStatusError, InvalidStatus)):
+        status = error.response.status_code
+    elif isinstance(error, ConnectionClosed) and error.rcvd is not None:
+        status = error.rcvd.code - 4000
+    else:
+        return False
+    return 400 <= status < 500 and status not in (408, 429)

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/stream/sync_controller.py

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from langchain_protocol import Event, SubscribeParams
 
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, filter_covers
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     SyncEventStreamHandle,
@@ -167,6 +171,13 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                 return
             try:
                 for event in self._dedup_iter(shared.events):
+                    if (frame_error := stream_error_frame(event)) is not None:
+                        _logger.warning(
+                            "Thread %s event stream failed: %s",
+                            self._transport.thread_id,
+                            frame_error,
+                        )
+                        continue
                     with self._lock:
                         if self._closed:
                             break
@@ -190,7 +201,11 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                     continue  # rotation happened; pick up new stream
                 # No rotation — check if this was a transport drop
             err = shared.error()
-            if err is not None and not self._closed:
+            if (
+                err is not None
+                and not is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                and not self._closed
+            ):
                 if self._reconnect_shared_stream():
                     continue
             break
@@ -199,25 +214,6 @@ class SyncStreamController:
             for sub in self._subscriptions.values():
                 sub.queue.put(None)
 
-    def _reconnect_shared_stream(self) -> bool:
-        with self._lock:
-            base_filter = self._shared_stream_filter
-        if base_filter is None:
-            return False
-        for _ in range(self._max_reconnect_attempts):
-            with self._lock:
-                if self._closed:
-                    return False
-                params = self._filter_with_since(base_filter)
-            try:
-                new_stream = self._transport.open_event_stream(params)
-            except Exception:
-                continue
-            with self._lock:
-                self._shared_stream = new_stream
-            return True
-        return False
-
     def _compute_current_union(
         self, extra: SubscribeParams | None = None
     ) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -296,7 +292,8 @@ class SyncStreamController:
         """Attempt to reopen the shared stream after a transport drop.
 
         Returns True if a new stream was successfully opened, False if all
-        reconnect attempts were exhausted or the controller was closed.
+        reconnect attempts were exhausted, the server rejected the stream with a
+        non-retryable 4xx, or the controller was closed.
         """
         base_filter = self._shared_stream_filter
         if base_filter is None:
@@ -317,6 +314,8 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                         old.close()
                 return True
             except Exception as err:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(err):
+                    return False
                 _logger.debug("sync reconnect attempt %d failed: %r", attempt, err)
         return False
 

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/_events.py

@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ def lifecycle_errored_event(
     return _base(seq, "lifecycle", namespace or [], {"event": "failed", "error": error})
 
 
+def thread_stream_failed_frame() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Unsolicited error frame the server sends before closing a failed stream."""
+    return {
+        "type": "error",
+        "id": None,
+        "error": "unknown_error",
+        "message": "Thread event stream failed.",
+    }
+
+
 def values_event(
     seq: int = 0, namespace: list[str] | None = None, **data: Any
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/_fake_server.py

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class _StreamScript:
     events: list[dict[str, Any]]
     delay: float = 0.0
     fail_after: int | None = None
+    status: int = 200
 
 
 class FakeServer:
@@ -263,6 +264,8 @@ class FakeServer:
                     events=list(self.scripted_events), delay=self._stream_delay
                 )
             )
+            if script.status != 200:
+                return httpx.Response(script.status, json={"detail": "scripted"})
             self.open_event_streams += 1
             self._open_event_streams_max = max(
                 self._open_event_streams_max, self.open_event_streams

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/_sync_fake_server.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import orjson
 class SyncStreamScript:
     events: list[dict[str, Any]]
     fail_after: int | None = None
+    status: int = 200
 
 
 class _SseByteStream(httpx.SyncByteStream):
@@ -113,6 +114,8 @@ class SyncFakeServer:
                 if self._stream_scripts
                 else SyncStreamScript(events=list(self.scripted_events))
             )
+            if script.status != 200:
+                return httpx.Response(script.status, json={"detail": "scripted"})
             return httpx.Response(
                 200,
                 headers={"content-type": "text/event-stream"},

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/test_lifecycle_namespace.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Child lifecycle completion must not finish the parent thread's output."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import cast
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from langchain_protocol import Event
+
+from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._async.threads import ThreadsClient
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.stream import _BlockingResult
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.threads import SyncThreadsClient
+from streaming._events import input_requested_event, lifecycle_event
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("phase", ["completed", "failed"])
+async def test_async_child_terminal_does_not_finish_root(phase):
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        thread = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw)).stream(
+            thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent"
+        )
+        thread._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, input_requested_event(namespace=["sub:1"]))
+        )
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(namespace=["sub:1"], event=phase))
+        )
+        assert not thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts[0]["namespace"] == ["sub:1"]
+
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(event="completed"))
+        )
+        assert thread._run_done.done()
+        assert (await thread._run_done).error is None
+        assert not thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("phase", ["completed", "failed"])
+def test_sync_child_terminal_does_not_finish_root(phase):
+    with httpx.Client(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        thread = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw)).stream(
+            thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent"
+        )
+        thread._run_done = _BlockingResult()
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, input_requested_event(namespace=["sub:1"]))
+        )
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(namespace=["sub:1"], event=phase))
+        )
+        assert not thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts[0]["namespace"] == ["sub:1"]
+
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(cast(Event, lifecycle_event(event="completed")))
+        assert thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread._run_done.result().error is None
+        assert not thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts == []

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/test_lifecycle_watcher.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from streaming._events import (
     lifecycle_completed_event,
     lifecycle_errored_event,
     lifecycle_event,
+    thread_stream_failed_frame,
 )
 from streaming._fake_server import FakeServer, _StreamScript
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ async def test_interrupts_populated_from_input_requested_event():
 
 
 async def test_aenter_starts_lifecycle_watcher():
-    """Entering AsyncThreadStream opens lifecycle/input SSE before run.start."""
+    """Entering with an explicit thread_id opens the lifecycle/input SSE before run.start."""
     fake = FakeServer()
     fake.script([lifecycle_event(seq=0, phase="started")])
     asgi = httpx.ASGITransport(app=fake.app)
@@ -274,3 +275,137 @@ async def test_lifecycle_watcher_reconnects_with_since_after_transport_drop():
     assert fake.stream_request_bodies[0]["channels"] == ["lifecycle", "input"]
     assert fake.stream_request_bodies[1]["channels"] == ["lifecycle", "input"]
     assert fake.stream_request_bodies[1]["since"] == 1
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_error_frame_becomes_the_run_error():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_event(seq=0, phase="running"), thread_stream_failed_frame()])
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "errored"
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_watcher_stops_on_a_404_without_retrying():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence([_StreamScript(events=[], status=404)])
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert isinstance(terminal.error, httpx.HTTPStatusError)
+    assert terminal.error.response.status_code == 404
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 1
+
+
+async def test_minted_thread_opens_the_lifecycle_stream_after_run_start():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)])
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            assert thread._lifecycle_watcher_task is None
+            await thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "completed"
+
+
+def _new_thread_scripts() -> list[_StreamScript]:
+    return [
+        _StreamScript(events=[], status=404),
+        _StreamScript(events=[lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)]),
+    ]
+
+
+async def test_run_start_restarts_a_watcher_stopped_by_a_404_for_a_new_thread():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            rejected = thread._run_done
+            assert rejected is not None
+            await asyncio.wait_for(rejected, timeout=2.0)
+            await thread.run.start(input={})
+            output = await thread.output.with_timeout(2.0)
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_watcher_retries_a_404_that_arrives_after_run_start():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    stream_opened = asyncio.Event()
+    run_started = asyncio.Event()
+
+    async def handle(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        if (
+            request.url.path.endswith("/stream/events")
+            and not fake.stream_request_bodies
+        ):
+            stream_opened.set()
+            await run_started.wait()
+        return await fake._handle_request(request)
+
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=httpx.MockTransport(handle), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(stream_opened.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+            await thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_started.set()
+            output = await thread.output.with_timeout(2.0)
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_watcher_reports_the_error_frame_when_reconnects_run_out():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        stream = threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent")
+        stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 1
+        fake.script_sequence(
+            [
+                _StreamScript(events=[thread_stream_failed_frame()], fail_after=1)
+                for _ in range(stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts + 1)
+            ]
+        )
+        async with stream as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/test_shared_stream.py

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator
 from typing import Any, cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 import httpx
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosedError
+from websockets.frames import Close
 
 from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
 from langgraph_sdk._async.threads import ThreadsClient
@@ -348,3 +350,66 @@ async def test_send_command_applied_through_seq_seeds_shared_stream_since():
     ]
     assert len(values_requests) == 1
     assert values_requests[0]["since"] == 17
+
+
+async def _drain(events: AsyncIterator[Any]) -> list[Any]:
+    return [event async for event in events]
+
+
+async def test_shared_stream_stops_reconnecting_on_a_404():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(
+        [
+            _StreamScript(events=[values_event(seq=1)], fail_after=1),
+            _StreamScript(events=[], status=404),
+        ]
+    )
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            received = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                _drain(thread.subscribe(["values"])), timeout=5.0
+            )
+
+    assert [event["seq"] for event in received] == [1]
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+async def test_shared_stream_does_not_reconnect_after_a_4404_close(
+    monkeypatch: Any,
+) -> None:
+    opened: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    def open_then_close_with_4404(
+        _self: ProtocolSseTransport, params: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> EventStreamHandle:
+        opened.append(params)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        ready: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+        ready.set_result(None)
+        done: asyncio.Future[BaseException | None] = loop.create_future()
+        done.set_result(ConnectionClosedError(Close(4404, "not found"), None))
+
+        async def events() -> AsyncGenerator[Any, None]:
+            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+            yield values_event(seq=1)
+
+        async def close() -> None:
+            return None
+
+        return EventStreamHandle(events=events(), ready=ready, done=done, close=close)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        ProtocolSseTransport, "open_event_stream", open_then_close_with_4404
+    )
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            received = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                _drain(thread.subscribe(["values"])), timeout=5.0
+            )
+
+    assert [event["seq"] for event in received] == [1]
+    assert len(opened) == 1

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/test_stream_errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from websockets.datastructures import Headers
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosedError, InvalidStatus
+from websockets.frames import Close
+from websockets.http11 import Response
+
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
+
+
+def _http_error(status: int) -> httpx.HTTPStatusError:
+    request = httpx.Request("POST", "http://test/threads/t-1/stream/events")
+    response = httpx.Response(status, request=request)
+    return httpx.HTTPStatusError("scripted", request=request, response=response)
+
+
+def _ws_close(code: int) -> ConnectionClosedError:
+    return ConnectionClosedError(Close(code, "scripted"), None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("error", "expected"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(_http_error(403), True, id="http-403"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(404), True, id="http-404"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(408), False, id="http-408"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(429), False, id="http-429"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(503), False, id="http-503"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4404), True, id="ws-close-4404"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4422), True, id="ws-close-4422"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4429), False, id="ws-close-4429"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4503), False, id="ws-close-4503"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(1011), False, id="ws-close-1011"),
+        pytest.param(
+            InvalidStatus(Response(403, "Forbidden", Headers())),
+            True,
+            id="ws-upgrade-403",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(RuntimeError("network down"), False, id="no-status"),
+        pytest.param(None, False, id="none"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_non_retryable_stream_error(
+    error: BaseException | None, expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    assert is_non_retryable_stream_error(error) is expected
+
+
+def test_stream_error_frame_reads_only_unsolicited_error_frames() -> None:
+    frame = {
+        "type": "error",
+        "id": None,
+        "error": "unknown_error",
+        "message": "Thread event stream failed.",
+    }
+
+    assert (
+        str(stream_error_frame(frame))
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+    assert stream_error_frame({**frame, "id": 3}) is None
+    assert stream_error_frame({"type": "event", "method": "values"}) is None

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/test_sync_thread_stream.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from streaming._events import (
     message_text_delta_event,
     message_text_finish_event,
     tasks_start_event,
+    thread_stream_failed_frame,
     tool_finished_event,
     tool_started_event,
     updates_event,
@@ -868,3 +869,196 @@ def test_interleave_projections_data_channel_scoped_to_root_namespace():
             ]
     assert {"scope": "root"} in checkpoints
     assert {"scope": "child"} not in checkpoints
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_clean_eof_fails_the_run_instead_of_blocking():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_started_event(seq=0)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "errored"
+    assert "ended before terminal" in str(terminal.error)
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_error_frame_becomes_the_run_error():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_event(seq=0, phase="running"), thread_stream_failed_frame()])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "errored"
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_watcher_stops_on_a_404_without_retrying():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence([SyncStreamScript(events=[], status=404)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert isinstance(terminal.error, httpx.HTTPStatusError)
+    assert terminal.error.response.status_code == 404
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 1
+
+
+def test_sync_minted_thread_opens_the_lifecycle_stream_after_run_start():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            assert thread._lifecycle_watcher_thread is None
+            thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "completed"
+
+
+def _sync_new_thread_scripts() -> list[SyncStreamScript]:
+    return [
+        SyncStreamScript(events=[], status=404),
+        SyncStreamScript(events=[lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)]),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_sync_run_start_restarts_a_watcher_stopped_by_a_404_for_a_new_thread():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_sync_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            rejected = thread._run_done
+            assert rejected is not None
+            rejected.result(timeout=2.0)
+            thread.run.start(input={})
+            output = thread.output
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_watcher_retries_a_404_that_arrives_after_run_start():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_sync_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    stream_opened = threading.Event()
+    run_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def handle(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        if (
+            request.url.path.endswith("/stream/events")
+            and not fake.stream_request_bodies
+        ):
+            stream_opened.set()
+            run_started.wait(timeout=2.0)
+        return fake._handle(request)
+
+    with httpx.Client(
+        transport=httpx.MockTransport(handle), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            assert stream_opened.wait(timeout=2.0)
+            thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_started.set()
+            output = thread.output
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_watcher_reports_the_error_frame_when_reconnects_run_out():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        stream = threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent")
+        stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 1
+        fake.script_sequence(
+            [
+                SyncStreamScript(events=[thread_stream_failed_frame()], fail_after=1)
+                for _ in range(stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts + 1)
+            ]
+        )
+        with stream as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+
+
+def test_sync_concurrent_run_starts_start_one_lifecycle_watcher(monkeypatch):
+    real_thread = threading.Thread
+    created_watchers: list[str] = []
+
+    class _SlowToCreateThread(real_thread):
+        def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            if kwargs.get("name") == "langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle":
+                created_watchers.append(kwargs["name"])
+                time.sleep(0.05)
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(threading, "Thread", _SlowToCreateThread)
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            barrier = threading.Barrier(2)
+
+            def start_run() -> None:
+                barrier.wait()
+                thread.run.start(input={})
+
+            runners = [real_thread(target=start_run) for _ in range(2)]
+            for runner in runners:
+                runner.start()
+            for runner in runners:
+                runner.join()
+
+    assert len(created_watchers) == 1
+
+
+def test_sync_reconnect_stops_on_a_404(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_ctrl_mod.time, "sleep", lambda _delay: None)
+    opened: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    class _NotFoundTransport(SyncProtocolSseTransport):
+        def open_event_stream(self, params: dict) -> SyncEventStreamHandle:
+            opened.append(params)
+            request = httpx.Request("POST", "http://test/threads/t-1/stream/events")
+            raise httpx.HTTPStatusError(
+                "not found",
+                request=request,
+                response=httpx.Response(404, request=request),
+            )
+
+    with httpx.Client(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        transport = _NotFoundTransport(client=raw, thread_id="t-1")
+        controller = SyncStreamController(transport, max_reconnect_attempts=5)
+        controller._shared_stream_filter = {"channels": ["values"]}
+        assert controller._reconnect_shared_stream() is False
+
+    assert len(opened) == 1

libs/sdk-py/uv.lock

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.2.25"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/2d/7bf41579a8986e348fa033a31cdd0e4121114f6bce2457e8876010b092dd/certifi-2026.2.25.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e887ab5cee78ea814d3472169153c2d12cd43b14bd03329a39a9c6e2e80bfba7", size = 155029, upload-time = "2026-02-25T02:54:17.342Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/3c/c17fb3ca2d9c3acff52e30b309f538586f9f5b9c9cf454f3845fc9af4881/certifi-2026.2.25-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:027692e4402ad994f1c42e52a4997a9763c646b73e4096e4d5d6db8af1d6f0fa", size = 153684, upload-time = "2026-02-25T02:54:15.766Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "../langgraph" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ test = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },