fix(langgraph): keep DeltaChannel counters on every update_state path

update_state(None, as_node=END), as_node="__input__" and "__copy__" saved
their checkpoint without counters_since_delta_snapshot, so the next
checkpoint restarted every delta channel's snapshot cadence from zero.
END and __input__ now advance the counters by one superstep, like the
other update_state paths; __copy__ keeps the copied checkpoint's.

.github/scripts/run_langgraph_cli_test.py

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ def test(config: pathlib.Path, port: int, tag: str, verbose: bool):
             docker_compose=None,
             port=port,
             watch=False,
+            debugger_port=None,
+            debugger_base_url=f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}",
             postgres_uri=None,
             api_version=None,
             image=tag,
@@ -171,5 +173,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     except BaseException:
         logger.exception("Test failed")
         raise
-
+    
     logger.info("Test execution finished")

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -139,23 +139,10 @@ jobs:
             echo EOF
           } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-  test-pypi-publish:
-    needs:
-      - build
-      - release-notes
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      id-token: write
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/_test_release.yml
-    with:
-      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-    secrets: inherit
-
   pre-release-checks:
     needs:
       - build
       - release-notes
-      - test-pypi-publish
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -180,31 +167,20 @@ jobs:
           enable-cache: false
           working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
 
-      - name: Import published package
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: dist
+          path: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}/dist/
+
+      - name: Import dist package
         shell: bash
         working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
         env:
           PKG_NAME: ${{ needs.build.outputs.pkg-name }}
           VERSION: ${{ needs.build.outputs.version }}
-        # Here we use:
+        # Install directly from the locally-built wheel (no index resolution needed).
-        # - The default regular PyPI index as the *primary* index, meaning
-        #   that it takes priority (https://pypi.org/simple)
-        # - The test PyPI index as an extra index, so that any dependencies that
-        #   are not found on test PyPI can be resolved and installed anyway.
-        #   (https://test.pypi.org/simple). This will include the PKG_NAME==VERSION
-        #   package because VERSION will not have been uploaded to regular PyPI yet.
-        # - attempt install again after 5 seconds if it fails because there is
-        #   sometimes a delay in availability on test pypi
         run: |
-          uv run pip install \
+          uv run pip install dist/*.whl
-            --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ \
-            "$PKG_NAME==$VERSION" || \
-          ( \
-            sleep 5 && \
-            uv run pip install \
-              --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ \
-              "$PKG_NAME==$VERSION" \
-          )
 
           if [[ "$PKG_NAME" == *prebuilt* ]]; then
             uv run pip install langgraph
@@ -226,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
         run: uv sync --group test
         working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
 
-      # Overwrite the local version of the package with the test PyPI version.
+      # Overwrite the local version of the package with the built version
       - name: Import published package (again)
         working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
         shell: bash
@@ -234,14 +210,25 @@ jobs:
           PKG_NAME: ${{ needs.build.outputs.pkg-name }}
           VERSION: ${{ needs.build.outputs.version }}
         run: |
-          uv run pip install \
+          uv run pip install dist/*.whl
-            --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ \
-            "$PKG_NAME==$VERSION"
 
       - name: Run unit tests
         run: make test
         working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
 
+  test-pypi-publish:
+    needs:
+      - build
+      - release-notes
+      - pre-release-checks
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/_test_release.yml
+    with:
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
+    secrets: inherit
+
   publish:
     needs:
       - build

libs/checkpoint-conformance/uv.lock

@@ -943,11 +943,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/__init__.py

@@ -448,11 +448,12 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
 
         Two-stage query, both stages cover ALL requested channels:
 
-        * Stage 1 (paged): dynamic SELECT over `checkpoints` with K parallel
+        * Stage 1 (paged): dynamic SELECT over `checkpoints` with three
-          JSONB key lookups (one column pair per channel) — no subquery, no
+          columns per channel: its version, an `EXISTS` probe for a stored
-          aggregation. Pages newest-first by `checkpoint_id` with a cursor;
+          blob at that version, and its inline value. Pages newest-first by
-          page size is `_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`. Stops paging when every channel
+          `checkpoint_id` with a cursor; page size is `_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`.
-          has found its seed or the chain is exhausted.
+          Stops paging when every channel has found its seed or a page comes
+          back short.
 
         * Stage 2 (per-channel UNION ALL): one branch per channel reading
           `checkpoint_writes` filtered to that channel's specific

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/base.py

@@ -172,30 +172,8 @@ class _DeltaStage2Row(TypedDict, total=False):
     version: str | None  # "b" rows only
 
 
-# Multi-channel two-stage DeltaChannel reconstruction.
+# Delta history is rebuilt in two queries; `_build_delta_stage1_sql` and
-#
+# `_build_delta_stage2_sql` document their shapes.
-# Stage 1 scans checkpoint metadata (no blob bytes) and emits one row per
-# checkpoint with K parallel JSONB key lookups (one column pair per
-# requested delta channel: ver_i / hs_i).  No subqueries, no aggregation.
-# Python walks the parent chain once across all channels.
-#
-# Stage 2 fetches all writes and the seed blobs for ALL channels in a
-# single roundtrip via `channel = ANY(%s)` and chain/seed-version
-# filtering.
-#
-# Empirical comparison vs an alternative "ship full channel_versions /
-# channel_values JSONB and let Python pick" form (1000 checkpoints,
-# 8 total channels in graph, 3 delta channels requested):
-#
-#   Postgres execution:    A=0.24ms vs B=0.38ms   (both negligible)
-#   End-to-end latency:    A=6.83ms vs B=2.28ms   (B is 3.0x faster)
-#   Wire payload:          A=836KB  vs B=330KB    (61% smaller)
-#   Buffer hits:           identical (167 blocks)
-#
-# B (this dynamic-columns design) wins because it avoids JSONB
-# serialization on the wire and JSONB-to-dict deserialization in
-# psycopg.  Even at K=8 (8 delta channels = 16 dynamic columns), B
-# still beats A end-to-end (4.2ms vs 6.8ms).
 
 
 def _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool) -> str:
@@ -335,10 +313,8 @@ def _build_delta_stage2_sql(
     return " UNION ALL ".join(branches)
 
 
-# Stage 1 rows are dynamic-shape dicts: {checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id,
+# Stage 1 rows are dicts keyed by the per-channel aliases
-# ver_0, hs_0, ver_1, hs_1, ...}.  Walking is parameterized by the channel
+# `_build_delta_stage1_sql` emits, so there is no static TypedDict.
-# list to map indices back to channel names — no static TypedDict here.
-# `dict[str, Any]` is the practical signature.
 
 
 class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
@@ -431,9 +407,11 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
           (a) it found a stored value for its channel — a blob or an inline
               primitive (channel becomes seeded),
           (b) it reached a real root (parent_of[cid] is None — fully
-              materialized at this point), or
+              materialized at this point),
           (c) the next ancestor cid isn't in `parent_of` yet (waiting for
-              a later page; the cursor stays put).
+              a later page; the cursor stays put), or
+          (d) the target's own row isn't in `parent_of` yet (the walk has
+              not started; no cursor is set, so a later page retries).
 
         Mutates `chain_by_ch`, `seed_ver_by_ch`, `seed_inline_by_ch`,
         `walk_cursor_by_ch`, and `seeded` in place.
@@ -441,9 +419,12 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         for i, ch in enumerate(channels):
             if ch in seeded:
                 continue
-            # First-time entry: cursor starts at the target's parent.
+            # Pages start at the thread head, so the target may not have
+            # loaded yet; a `None` cursor would read as "target is a root".
             if ch not in walk_cursor_by_ch:
-                walk_cursor_by_ch[ch] = parent_of.get(target_id)
+                if target_id not in parent_of:
+                    continue
+                walk_cursor_by_ch[ch] = parent_of[target_id]
             cur_cid = walk_cursor_by_ch[ch]
             ch_chain = chain_by_ch[ch]
             hb_i = hb_by_i_by_cid[i]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_delta_pagination.py

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
+    Checkpoint,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
+    empty_checkpoint,
+)
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE
+from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_URI
+
+CHANNEL = "items"
+STEPS = 8
+SEED_STEP = 1
+SEED_VALUE = [10, 20]
+TARGET_STEP = 4
+
+# The real page size is the control; the rest leave the target off the first
+# page (three checkpoints are newer than it).
+PAGE_SIZES = [_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE, 3, 2, 1]
+
+
+def _step_args(
+    thread_id: str, step: int, parent: dict | None
+) -> tuple[dict, Checkpoint, dict[str, Any]]:
+    config: dict = {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id, "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
+    if parent is not None:
+        config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent["configurable"][
+            "checkpoint_id"
+        ]
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint = empty_checkpoint()
+    checkpoint["id"] = str(uuid6(clock_seq=step))
+    checkpoint["channel_versions"][CHANNEL] = f"v{step}"
+    if step == SEED_STEP:
+        checkpoint["channel_values"][CHANNEL] = _DeltaSnapshot(list(SEED_VALUE))
+        return config, checkpoint, {CHANNEL: f"v{step}"}
+    return config, checkpoint, {}
+
+
+async def _abuild_chain(saver: AsyncPostgresSaver) -> list[dict]:
+    thread_id = str(uuid4())
+    parent: dict | None = None
+    configs: list[dict] = []
+    for step in range(STEPS):
+        config, checkpoint, new_versions = _step_args(thread_id, step, parent)
+        parent = await saver.aput(
+            config,
+            checkpoint,
+            {"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}},
+            new_versions,
+        )
+        await saver.aput_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, f"w{step}")], str(uuid4()))
+        configs.append(parent)
+    return configs
+
+
+def _build_chain(saver: PostgresSaver) -> list[dict]:
+    thread_id = str(uuid4())
+    parent: dict | None = None
+    configs: list[dict] = []
+    for step in range(STEPS):
+        config, checkpoint, new_versions = _step_args(thread_id, step, parent)
+        parent = saver.put(
+            config,
+            checkpoint,
+            {"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}},
+            new_versions,
+        )
+        saver.put_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, f"w{step}")], str(uuid4()))
+        configs.append(parent)
+    return configs
+
+
+def _assert_history(entry: DeltaChannelHistory, page_size: int) -> None:
+    seed = entry.get("seed")
+    assert isinstance(seed, _DeltaSnapshot), (
+        f"page_size={page_size}: expected a snapshot seed, "
+        f"got {entry.get('seed', '<missing>')!r}"
+    )
+    assert seed.value == SEED_VALUE
+    assert [w[2] for w in entry["writes"]] == ["w1", "w2", "w3"], (
+        f"page_size={page_size}: got {[w[2] for w in entry['writes']]}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
+async def test_async_target_older_than_the_first_page(
+    page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        await saver.setup()
+        configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
+        result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
+def test_sync_target_older_than_the_first_page(
+    page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
+    with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+        configs = _build_chain(saver)
+        result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
+
+
+async def test_root_target_has_no_history_and_still_terminates(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", 1)
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        await saver.setup()
+        configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
+        result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[0], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        assert result[CHANNEL] == {"writes": []}

libs/checkpoint-postgres/uv.lock

@@ -1122,11 +1122,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/__init__.py

@@ -507,13 +507,12 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
 
         Two-stage query:
 
-        * Stage 1 (paged): newest-first slice of `checkpoints` returning
+        * Stage 1 (streamed): recursive CTE over `checkpoints` following
-          `(checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint)` per
+          `parent_checkpoint_id` from the target, returning
-          ancestor. Sqlite has no JSONB, so we ship the full serialized
+          `(checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint)` per ancestor. Sqlite has no
-          checkpoint blob and inspect `channel_values` in Python. Pages
+          JSONB, so we ship the full serialized checkpoint blob and inspect
-          newest-first by `checkpoint_id` with a `< cursor` predicate;
+          `channel_values` in Python. Stops reading when every channel has
-          page size is `DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`. Stops paging when every channel
+          found its seed or the chain is exhausted.
-          has found its seed or the chain is exhausted.
 
         * Stage 2 (per-channel UNION ALL): one branch per channel reading
           `writes` filtered to that channel's specific `chain_cids`. No
@@ -538,12 +537,14 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         seeded: set[str] = set()
 
         with self.cursor(transaction=False) as cur:
-            cur.execute(DELTA_STAGE1_SQL, (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id))
+            cur.execute(
+                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL,
+                (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, thread_id, checkpoint_ns),
+            )
             for row in cur:
-                cid, parent_cid, type_tag, blob = row
+                cid, type_tag, blob = row
                 if step_walk_with_row(
                     cid=cid,
-                    parent_cid=parent_cid,
                     type_tag=type_tag,
                     blob=blob,
                     target_id=checkpoint_id,

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/_delta.py

@@ -26,16 +26,33 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import DeltaChannelHistory, PendingWrite
 
-# Stage 1 streams ancestors of `target_cid` newest-first. The `<=`
+# Stage 1 streams target, then its ancestors nearest-first, by following
-# predicate keeps target itself in the stream so we can read its
+# `parent_checkpoint_id` rather than id order: ids are only monotonic within
-# `parent_checkpoint_id` from the first row without a separate lookup;
+# one process, so a range scan by id can miss a parent whose id sorts above
-# the caller skips target's own writes/seed (matches the
+# its child's. Target is the anchor row; its own writes/seed are skipped
-# `BaseCheckpointSaver` contract).
+# (matches the `BaseCheckpointSaver` contract).
+#
+# `put` is `INSERT OR REPLACE`, so re-putting an existing id under a
+# descendant's config makes the chain a loop. `step_walk_with_row` stops on a
+# repeated id; sqlite yields recursive rows lazily, so abandoning the cursor
+# ends the recursion.
+#
+# `CROSS JOIN` pins `ancestors` as the outer loop, so each step is one primary
+# key lookup. With a plain `JOIN` and no `ANALYZE` stats, sqlite can put
+# `checkpoints` outside and scan the whole thread per step.
 DELTA_STAGE1_SQL = (
+    "WITH RECURSIVE ancestors(checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, "
+    "checkpoint) AS ("
     "SELECT checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint "
     "FROM checkpoints "
-    "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id <= ? "
+    "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ? "
-    "ORDER BY checkpoint_id DESC"
+    "UNION ALL "
+    "SELECT c.checkpoint_id, c.parent_checkpoint_id, c.type, c.checkpoint "
+    "FROM ancestors a CROSS JOIN checkpoints c "
+    "ON c.checkpoint_id = a.parent_checkpoint_id "
+    "WHERE c.thread_id = ? AND c.checkpoint_ns = ?"
+    ") "
+    "SELECT checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint FROM ancestors"
 )
 
 
@@ -68,7 +85,6 @@ def build_delta_stage2_sql(*, chain_lens: Sequence[int]) -> str:
 def step_walk_with_row(
     *,
     cid: str,
-    parent_cid: str | None,
     type_tag: str,
     blob: bytes,
     target_id: str,
@@ -81,36 +97,32 @@ def step_walk_with_row(
 ) -> bool:
     """Process one streamed stage-1 row in the merged ancestor walk.
 
-    The cursor returns (cid, parent_cid, type, blob) rows in
+    The cursor returns (cid, type, blob) rows in walk order starting at
-    `checkpoint_id` DESC order starting at target. The first row is
+    target. The first row is target itself and is skipped (target's own
-    target itself; we read its parent_cid to seed the walk and otherwise
+    writes/seed are not part of the contract).
-    skip it (target's own writes/seed are not part of the contract).
 
-    For each subsequent row, if `cid` matches the walk's current
+    For each subsequent row we deserialize the blob, append the cid to
-    position, we deserialize the blob, append the cid to every
+    every not-yet-seeded channel's chain, and check `channel_values` for
-    not-yet-seeded channel's chain, and check `channel_values` for
     seeds. The deserialized checkpoint is dropped before advancing — no
     cross-row cache, so peak in-flight is one deserialized checkpoint.
 
-    Off-path rows (different branch on the same thread) advance the
+    Returns True when the caller can stop iterating and close the cursor:
-    cursor without doing any work.
+    every requested channel is seeded, or the chain revisited a checkpoint.
-
-    Returns True when every requested channel is seeded — the caller
-    can stop iterating and close the cursor.
     """
     if "started" not in walk_state:
         if cid == target_id:
             walk_state["started"] = True
-            walk_state["cur_cid"] = parent_cid
             walk_state["active"] = {ch for ch in channels if ch not in seeded}
+            walk_state["walked"] = {cid}
         # Not target yet (or target not present): keep streaming.
         return False
     active: set[str] = walk_state["active"]
     if not active:
         return True
-    if cid != walk_state["cur_cid"]:
+    walked: set[str] = walk_state["walked"]
-        # Off-path row from a sibling branch — skip without deserializing.
+    if cid in walked:
-        return False
+        return True
+    walked.add(cid)
     for ch in active:
         chain_by_ch[ch].append(cid)
     ckpt = serde.loads_typed((type_tag, blob))
@@ -120,7 +132,6 @@ def step_walk_with_row(
         seeded.add(ch)
         active.discard(ch)
     del ckpt, channel_values
-    walk_state["cur_cid"] = parent_cid
     return not active
 
 

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/aio.py

@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         """Fast-path override of `BaseCheckpointSaver.aget_delta_channel_history`.
 
         See `SqliteSaver.get_delta_channel_history` for design notes; this
-        is the async equivalent using `aiosqlite` cursors. Stage 1 pages
+        is the async equivalent using `aiosqlite` cursors. Stage 1 streams
-        the parent chain newest-first and Python-deserializes each
+        the parent chain from the target and Python-deserializes each
         checkpoint blob to find per-channel snapshots; stage 2 fetches
         only the relevant writes via per-channel UNION ALL.
         """
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
 
         async with self.lock, self.conn.cursor() as cur:
             await cur.execute(
-                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL, (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
+                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL,
+                (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, thread_id, checkpoint_ns),
             )
             async for row in cur:
-                cid, parent_cid, type_tag, blob = row
+                cid, type_tag, blob = row
                 if step_walk_with_row(
                     cid=cid,
-                    parent_cid=parent_cid,
                     type_tag=type_tag,
                     blob=blob,
                     target_id=checkpoint_id,

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_delta_parent_walk.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
+    BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    Checkpoint,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
+    empty_checkpoint,
+)
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite import SqliteSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite._delta import DELTA_STAGE1_SQL
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.aio import AsyncSqliteSaver
+
+CHANNEL = "ch"
+CONFIG: dict[str, Any] = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t", "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
+EXPECTED: DeltaChannelHistory = {
+    "writes": [("task", CHANNEL, "write-root")],
+    "seed": "seed",
+}
+
+
+def _checkpoint(checkpoint_id: str, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Checkpoint:
+    value = empty_checkpoint()
+    value["id"] = checkpoint_id
+    value["channel_values"] = values
+    return value
+
+
+PARENT_ID_ORDERS = [
+    pytest.param("z-older", "a-newer", id="parent_id_sorts_above_child"),
+    pytest.param("a-older", "z-newer", id="parent_id_sorts_below_child"),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("root_id", "child_id"), PARENT_ID_ORDERS)
+def test_sync_walk_reaches_parent_whatever_the_id_order(
+    root_id: str, child_id: str
+) -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        root = saver.put(CONFIG, _checkpoint(root_id, {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {})
+        saver.put_writes(root, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        child = saver.put(root, _checkpoint(child_id, {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=child, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        reference = BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            saver, config=child, channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == reference[CHANNEL], "fast path disagrees with base"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("root_id", "child_id"), PARENT_ID_ORDERS)
+async def test_async_walk_reaches_parent_whatever_the_id_order(
+    root_id: str, child_id: str
+) -> None:
+    async with AsyncSqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        root = await saver.aput(CONFIG, _checkpoint(root_id, {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {})
+        await saver.aput_writes(root, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        child = await saver.aput(root, _checkpoint(child_id, {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=child, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+
+
+def test_walk_reaches_root_of_long_chain_with_descending_ids() -> None:
+    steps = 40
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        parent = saver.put(
+            CONFIG, _checkpoint(f"id-{steps:03d}", {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {}
+        )
+        saver.put_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        for step in range(steps - 1, 0, -1):
+            parent = saver.put(parent, _checkpoint(f"id-{step:03d}", {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=parent, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+
+
+def test_walk_terminates_when_put_makes_the_parent_chain_cycle() -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        a = saver.put(CONFIG, _checkpoint("cid-a", {}), {}, {})
+        b = saver.put(a, _checkpoint("cid-b", {}), {}, {})
+        repoint_a_under_b = _checkpoint("cid-a", {})
+        saver.put(b, repoint_a_under_b, {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=b, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == {"writes": []}
+
+
+def test_walk_step_looks_up_the_parent_by_primary_key() -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+        plan = [
+            row[3]
+            for row in saver.conn.execute(
+                f"EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN {DELTA_STAGE1_SQL}", ("t", "", "id", "t", "")
+            )
+        ]
+    assert any(
+        step.startswith("SEARCH c ") and "checkpoint_id=?" in step for step in plan
+    ), f"recursive step should look up the parent by key, got {plan}"

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/uv.lock

@@ -1057,11 +1057,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint/uv.lock

@@ -1338,11 +1338,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/cli/README.md

@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ The CLI uses a `langgraph.json` configuration file with these key settings:
 }
 ```
 
+Git dependencies should use credential-free URLs. The CLI conservatively scans direct `langgraph.json` dependencies, common Python package files, uv project and lock files, and common Node.js package and lock files for HTTP Git URLs with userinfo. This check is not exhaustive: generated Docker builds can copy other files, including nested requirement or constraint files, into image layers without scanning them. For private dependencies, provide short-lived credentials through your build environment's secret-backed Git credential helper. Do not store credentials in copied files such as `langgraph.json` or `pip_config_file`.
+
 See the [full documentation](https://reference.langchain.com/python/langgraph-cli) for detailed configuration options.
 
 ## Development

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/analytics.py

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ def get_anonymized_params(
     if kwargs.get("docker_compose"):
         params["docker_compose"] = True
 
+    if kwargs.get("debugger_port"):
+        params["debugger_port"] = True
+
     if kwargs.get("postgres_uri"):
         params["postgres_uri"] = True
 

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/cli.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import pathlib
 import shutil
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from urllib.parse import SplitResult, urlencode, urlsplit, urlunsplit
 
 import click
 import click.exceptions
@@ -141,6 +140,17 @@ OPT_VERBOSE = click.option(
     help="Show more output from the server logs",
 )
 OPT_WATCH = click.option("--watch", is_flag=True, help="Restart on file changes")
+OPT_DEBUGGER_PORT = click.option(
+    "--debugger-port",
+    type=int,
+    help="Pull the debugger image locally and serve the UI on specified port",
+)
+OPT_DEBUGGER_BASE_URL = click.option(
+    "--debugger-base-url",
+    type=str,
+    help="URL used by the debugger to access LangGraph API. Defaults to http://127.0.0.1:[PORT]",
+)
+
 OPT_POSTGRES_URI = click.option(
     "--postgres-uri",
     help="Postgres URI to use for the database. Defaults to launching a local database",
@@ -232,94 +242,18 @@ cli.add_command(deploy)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _validated_http_url(value: str, option_name: str) -> SplitResult:
-    try:
-        parsed = urlsplit(value)
-        hostname = parsed.hostname
-        _ = parsed.port
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        raise click.UsageError(
-            f"{option_name} must be a valid HTTP(S) URL without credentials."
-        ) from exc
-
-    if (
-        value != value.strip()
-        or parsed.scheme not in {"http", "https"}
-        or not parsed.netloc
-        or not hostname
-        or parsed.username is not None
-        or parsed.password is not None
-    ):
-        raise click.UsageError(
-            f"{option_name} must be a valid HTTP(S) URL without credentials."
-        )
-    return parsed
-
-
-def _studio_link(
-    *,
-    port: int,
-    studio_url: str | None,
-    api_url: str | None,
-    debugger_base_url: str | None,
-) -> str:
-    if debugger_base_url is not None:
-        if api_url is not None and api_url != debugger_base_url:
-            raise click.UsageError(
-                "--api-url and --debugger-base-url cannot specify different URLs."
-            )
-        click.echo(
-            "Warning: --debugger-base-url is deprecated; use --api-url instead.",
-            err=True,
-        )
-        api_url = debugger_base_url
-
-    studio_url = "https://smith.langchain.com" if studio_url is None else studio_url
-    api_url = f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}" if api_url is None else api_url
-    studio_parts = _validated_http_url(studio_url, "--studio-url")
-    _validated_http_url(api_url, "--api-url")
-    if studio_parts.query or studio_parts.fragment:
-        raise click.UsageError(
-            "--studio-url must not include a query string or fragment."
-        )
-
-    studio_path = f"{studio_parts.path.rstrip('/')}/studio/"
-    return urlunsplit(
-        studio_parts._replace(
-            path=studio_path,
-            query=urlencode({"baseUrl": api_url}),
-        )
-    )
-
-
 @OPT_RECREATE
 @OPT_PULL
 @OPT_PORT
 @OPT_DOCKER_COMPOSE
 @OPT_CONFIG
 @OPT_VERBOSE
+@OPT_DEBUGGER_PORT
+@OPT_DEBUGGER_BASE_URL
 @OPT_WATCH
 @OPT_POSTGRES_URI
 @OPT_API_VERSION
 @OPT_ENGINE_RUNTIME_MODE
-@click.option(
-    "--studio-url",
-    type=str,
-    default=None,
-    help="URL of the LangGraph Studio instance. Defaults to https://smith.langchain.com",
-)
-@click.option(
-    "--api-url",
-    type=str,
-    default=None,
-    help="URL that LangGraph Studio uses to access the API. Defaults to http://127.0.0.1:[PORT]",
-)
-@click.option(
-    "--debugger-base-url",
-    type=str,
-    default=None,
-    hidden=True,
-)
 @click.option(
     "--image",
     type=str,
@@ -350,21 +284,14 @@ def up(
     watch: bool,
     wait: bool,
     verbose: bool,
+    debugger_port: int | None,
+    debugger_base_url: str | None,
     postgres_uri: str | None,
     api_version: str | None,
     engine_runtime_mode: str,
-    studio_url: str | None,
-    api_url: str | None,
-    debugger_base_url: str | None,
     image: str | None,
     base_image: str | None,
 ):
-    studio_link = _studio_link(
-        port=port,
-        studio_url=studio_url,
-        api_url=api_url,
-        debugger_base_url=debugger_base_url,
-    )
     click.secho("Starting LangGraph API server...", fg="green")
     click.secho(
         """For local dev, requires env var LANGSMITH_API_KEY with access to LangSmith Deployment.
@@ -381,6 +308,8 @@ For production use, requires a license key in env var LANGGRAPH_CLOUD_LICENSE_KE
             pull=pull,
             watch=watch,
             verbose=verbose,
+            debugger_port=debugger_port,
+            debugger_base_url=debugger_base_url,
             postgres_uri=postgres_uri,
             api_version=api_version,
             engine_runtime_mode=engine_runtime_mode,
@@ -408,12 +337,20 @@ For production use, requires a license key in env var LANGGRAPH_CLOUD_LICENSE_KE
             if "unpacking to docker.io" in line:
                 set("Starting...")
             elif "Application startup complete" in line:
+                debugger_origin = (
+                    f"http://localhost:{debugger_port}"
+                    if debugger_port
+                    else "https://smith.langchain.com"
+                )
+                debugger_base_url_query = (
+                    debugger_base_url or f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}"
+                )
                 set("")
                 sys.stdout.write(
                     f"""Ready!
 - API: http://localhost:{port}
 - Docs: http://localhost:{port}/docs
-- LangGraph Studio: {studio_link}
+- LangGraph Studio: {debugger_origin}/studio/?baseUrl={debugger_base_url_query}
 """
                 )
                 sys.stdout.flush()
@@ -998,6 +935,8 @@ def prepare_args_and_stdin(
     docker_compose: pathlib.Path | None,
     port: int,
     watch: bool,
+    debugger_port: int | None = None,
+    debugger_base_url: str | None = None,
     postgres_uri: str | None = None,
     api_version: str | None = None,
     engine_runtime_mode: str = "combined_queue_worker",
@@ -1011,6 +950,8 @@ def prepare_args_and_stdin(
     stdin = langgraph_cli.docker.compose(
         capabilities,
         port=port,
+        debugger_port=debugger_port,
+        debugger_base_url=debugger_base_url,
         postgres_uri=postgres_uri,
         image=image,
         base_image=base_image,
@@ -1048,6 +989,8 @@ def prepare(
     pull: bool,
     watch: bool,
     verbose: bool,
+    debugger_port: int | None = None,
+    debugger_base_url: str | None = None,
     postgres_uri: str | None = None,
     api_version: str | None = None,
     engine_runtime_mode: str = "combined_queue_worker",
@@ -1089,6 +1032,8 @@ def prepare(
         docker_compose=docker_compose,
         port=port,
         watch=watch,
+        debugger_port=debugger_port,
+        debugger_base_url=debugger_base_url or f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}",
         postgres_uri=postgres_uri,
         api_version=api_version,
         engine_runtime_mode=engine_runtime_mode,

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/config.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import re
 import shlex
 import textwrap
 from collections import Counter
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from typing import Literal, NamedTuple
 
 import click
@@ -36,6 +37,10 @@ DISALLOWED_BUILD_COMMAND_CHARS = [
 # This blocks background execution (cmd &) while allowing command
 # chaining (cmd1 && cmd2) which is common in build commands.
 _SINGLE_AMPERSAND_RE = re.compile(r"(?<!&)&(?:&&)*(?!&)")
+_GIT_HTTP_AUTHORITY_RES = (
+    re.compile(r"git\+https?://(?P<authority>[^/\s\"']+)", re.I),
+    re.compile(r"\bgit\s*=\s*[\"']https?://(?P<authority>[^/\s\"']+)", re.I),
+)
 _API_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
     r"^(?P<major>\d+)"
     r"(?:\.(?P<minor>\d+))?"
@@ -78,6 +83,62 @@ def has_disallowed_build_command_content(command: str) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+def _has_git_http_url_userinfo(dependency: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether a Git HTTP URL contains userinfo."""
+    return any(
+        "@" in match.group("authority")
+        for pattern in _GIT_HTTP_AUTHORITY_RES
+        for match in pattern.finditer(dependency)
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_git_http_url_userinfo(
+    values: Iterable[str], *, source: pathlib.Path | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Reject credential-bearing Git HTTP URLs without echoing their values."""
+    if not any(_has_git_http_url_userinfo(value) for value in values):
+        return
+    message = (
+        "Git dependency URLs must not contain credentials or other URL "
+        "userinfo because generated Dockerfiles and image layers can retain "
+        "them. Use a credential-free Git URL and provide short-lived "
+        "credentials through your build environment's secret-backed Git "
+        "credential helper."
+    )
+    if source is not None:
+        message += f" Found in: {source}"
+    raise click.UsageError(message)
+
+
+def _validate_git_http_url_userinfo_files(paths: Iterable[pathlib.Path]) -> None:
+    """Reject credential-bearing Git HTTP URLs in dependency files."""
+    for path in paths:
+        path = path.resolve()
+        if not path.is_file():
+            continue
+        try:
+            contents = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
+        except OSError:
+            raise click.UsageError(
+                f"Could not inspect dependency file for embedded credentials: {path}"
+            ) from None
+        _validate_git_http_url_userinfo([contents], source=path)
+
+
+def _validate_local_dependency_files(config_path: pathlib.Path, config: Config) -> None:
+    """Validate dependency files copied into a non-uv Python image."""
+    paths: list[pathlib.Path] = []
+    for dependency in config["dependencies"]:
+        if not isinstance(dependency, str) or not dependency.startswith("."):
+            continue
+        root = (config_path.parent / dependency).resolve()
+        paths.extend(
+            root / name
+            for name in ("requirements.txt", "pyproject.toml", "setup.py", "setup.cfg")
+        )
+    _validate_git_http_url_userinfo_files(paths)
+
+
 MIN_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.11"
 DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.11"
 
@@ -320,7 +381,9 @@ def _get_source_kind(config: Config) -> str | None:
     return kind if isinstance(kind, str) else None
 
 
-def validate_config(config: Config) -> Config:
+def validate_config(
+    config: Config, *, source_path: pathlib.Path | None = None
+) -> Config:
     """Validate a configuration dictionary."""
 
     graphs = config.get("graphs", {})
@@ -415,6 +478,15 @@ def validate_config(config: Config) -> Config:
                 '  "source": {"kind": "uv", "root": ".."}'
             )
 
+    _validate_git_http_url_userinfo(
+        (
+            dependency
+            for dependency in config["dependencies"]
+            if isinstance(dependency, str)
+        ),
+        source=source_path,
+    )
+
     source = config.get("source")
     source_kind = _get_source_kind(config)
     if source is not None and not isinstance(source, dict):
@@ -609,7 +681,7 @@ def validate_config_file(config_path: pathlib.Path) -> Config:
     """Load and validate a configuration file."""
     with open(config_path) as f:
         config = json.load(f)
-    validated = validate_config(config)
+    validated = validate_config(config, source_path=config_path.resolve())
     # Enforce the package.json doesn't enforce an
     # incompatible Node.js version
     if validated.get("node_version"):
@@ -1280,6 +1352,7 @@ def python_config_to_docker(
             api_version=api_version,
             build_tools_to_uninstall=build_tools_to_uninstall,
         )
+    _validate_local_dependency_files(config_path, config)
     if pip_installer == "auto":
         if _image_supports_uv(base_image):
             pip_installer = "uv"
@@ -1490,7 +1563,18 @@ def node_config_to_docker(
 ) -> tuple[str, dict[str, str]]:
     # Calculate paths for monorepo support
     install_root = (
-        pathlib.Path(build_context).resolve() if build_context else config_path.parent
+        pathlib.Path(build_context).resolve()
+        if build_context
+        else config_path.parent.resolve()
+    )
+    config_root = config_path.parent.resolve()
+    dependency_roots = (
+        (install_root, config_root) if install_root != config_root else (install_root,)
+    )
+    _validate_git_http_url_userinfo_files(
+        root / name
+        for root in dependency_roots
+        for name in ("package.json", "package-lock.json", "yarn.lock", "pnpm-lock.yaml")
     )
     install_cmd = install_command or _get_node_pm_install_cmd(install_root)
     if build_context:

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/docker.py

@@ -142,6 +142,29 @@ def check_capabilities(runner) -> DockerCapabilities:
     )
 
 
+def debugger_compose(*, port: int | None = None, base_url: str | None = None) -> dict:
+    if port is None:
+        return ""
+
+    config = {
+        "langgraph-debugger": {
+            "image": "langchain/langgraph-debugger",
+            "restart": "on-failure",
+            "depends_on": {
+                "langgraph-postgres": {"condition": "service_healthy"},
+            },
+            "ports": [f'"{port}:3968"'],
+        }
+    }
+
+    if base_url:
+        config["langgraph-debugger"]["environment"] = {
+            "VITE_STUDIO_LOCAL_GRAPH_URL": base_url
+        }
+
+    return config
+
+
 # Function to convert dictionary to YAML
 def dict_to_yaml(d: dict, *, indent: int = 0) -> str:
     """Convert a dictionary to a YAML string."""
@@ -168,6 +191,8 @@ def compose_as_dict(
     capabilities: DockerCapabilities,
     *,
     port: int,
+    debugger_port: int | None = None,
+    debugger_base_url: str | None = None,
     # postgres://user:password@host:port/database?option=value
     postgres_uri: str | None = None,
     # If you are running against an already-built image, you can pass it here
@@ -228,6 +253,12 @@ def compose_as_dict(
         else:
             services["langgraph-postgres"]["healthcheck"]["interval"] = "5s"
 
+    # Add optional debugger service if debugger_port is specified
+    if debugger_port:
+        services["langgraph-debugger"] = debugger_compose(
+            port=debugger_port, base_url=debugger_base_url
+        )["langgraph-debugger"]
+
     # Add langgraph-api service
     api_environment = {
         "REDIS_URI": "redis://langgraph-redis:6379",
@@ -258,7 +289,7 @@ def compose_as_dict(
             "test": "python /api/healthcheck.py",
             "interval": "60s",
             "start_interval": "1s",
-            "start_period": "60s",
+            "start_period": "10s",
         }
 
     # Final compose dictionary with volumes included if needed
@@ -274,6 +305,8 @@ def compose(
     capabilities: DockerCapabilities,
     *,
     port: int,
+    debugger_port: int | None = None,
+    debugger_base_url: str | None = None,
     # postgres://user:password@host:port/database?option=value
     postgres_uri: str | None = None,
     image: str | None = None,
@@ -285,6 +318,8 @@ def compose(
     compose_content = compose_as_dict(
         capabilities,
         port=port,
+        debugger_port=debugger_port,
+        debugger_base_url=debugger_base_url,
         postgres_uri=postgres_uri,
         image=image,
         base_image=base_image,

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/schemas.py

@@ -650,7 +650,8 @@ class Config(TypedDict, total=False):
 
     pip_config_file: str | None
     """Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., "/etc/pip.conf" or "pip.ini") for controlling
-    package installation (custom indices, credentials, etc.).
+    package installation (custom indices, timeouts, etc.). The file is copied into the
+    generated image, so it must not contain credentials or other secrets.
 
     Only relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.
     """
@@ -689,6 +690,9 @@ class Config(TypedDict, total=False):
       - "." or "./src" if you have a local Python package
       - str (aka "anthropic") for a PyPI package
       - "git+https://github.com/org/repo.git@main" for a Git-based package
+    Git HTTP URLs must not contain userinfo such as a username or token. For private
+    dependencies, provide short-lived credentials through the build environment's
+    secret-backed Git credential helper.
     Defaults to an empty list, meaning no additional packages installed beyond your base environment.
 
     This field is not supported when `source.kind` is `uv`.

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/uv_lock.py

@@ -880,6 +880,7 @@ def python_config_to_docker_uv_lock(
         _get_node_pm_install_cmd,
         _get_pip_cleanup_lines,
         _image_supports_uv,
+        _validate_git_http_url_userinfo_files,
         docker_tag,
     )
 
@@ -890,11 +891,20 @@ def python_config_to_docker_uv_lock(
         )
 
     config_root = config_path.parent.resolve()
+    source_root = config["source"].get("root", ".")
+    project_root = (config_root / source_root).resolve()
+    _validate_git_http_url_userinfo_files(
+        [project_root / "pyproject.toml", project_root / "uv.lock"]
+    )
+
     install_cmd = "uv pip install --system"
     _, global_reqs_pip_install, pip_config_file_str = _build_python_install_commands(
         config, install_cmd
     )
     plan = _plan_uv_lock_workspace(config_path, config)
+    _validate_git_http_url_userinfo_files(
+        package.pyproject_path for package in plan.install_order
+    )
 
     _update_uv_lock_graph_paths(config_path, config, plan)
     for section, key in [

libs/cli/schemas/schema.json

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
                   "type": "null"
                 }
               ],
-              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, credentials, etc.).\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
+              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, timeouts, etc.). The file is copied into the\ngenerated image, so it must not contain credentials or other secrets.\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
             },
             "_INTERNAL_docker_tag": {
               "anyOf": [
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
                   "type": "null"
                 }
               ],
-              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, credentials, etc.).\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
+              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, timeouts, etc.). The file is copied into the\ngenerated image, so it must not contain credentials or other secrets.\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
             },
             "_INTERNAL_docker_tag": {
               "anyOf": [

libs/cli/schemas/schema.v0.json

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
                   "type": "null"
                 }
               ],
-              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, credentials, etc.).\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
+              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, timeouts, etc.). The file is copied into the\ngenerated image, so it must not contain credentials or other secrets.\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
             },
             "_INTERNAL_docker_tag": {
               "anyOf": [
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
                   "type": "null"
                 }
               ],
-              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, credentials, etc.).\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
+              "description": "Optional. Path to a pip config file (e.g., \"/etc/pip.conf\" or \"pip.ini\") for controlling\npackage installation (custom indices, timeouts, etc.). The file is copied into the\ngenerated image, so it must not contain credentials or other secrets.\n\nOnly relevant if Python dependencies are installed via pip. If omitted, default pip settings are used.\n"
             },
             "_INTERNAL_docker_tag": {
               "anyOf": [

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/cli/test_cli.py

@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import click
-import pytest
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 
 import langgraph_cli.deploy as deploy_module
-from langgraph_cli.cli import _studio_link, cli, prepare_args_and_stdin
+from langgraph_cli.cli import cli, prepare_args_and_stdin
 from langgraph_cli.config import Config, _get_pip_cleanup_lines, validate_config
 from langgraph_cli.docker import DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI, DockerCapabilities, Version
 from langgraph_cli.util import clean_empty_lines
@@ -57,6 +56,8 @@ def test_prepare_args_and_stdin() -> None:
         Config(dependencies=[".", "../../.."], graphs={"agent": "agent.py:graph"})
     )
     port = 8000
+    debugger_port = 8001
+    debugger_graph_url = f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}"
 
     actual_args, actual_stdin = prepare_args_and_stdin(
         capabilities=DEFAULT_DOCKER_CAPABILITIES,
@@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ def test_prepare_args_and_stdin() -> None:
         config=config,
         docker_compose=pathlib.Path("custom-docker-compose.yml"),
         port=port,
+        debugger_port=debugger_port,
+        debugger_base_url=debugger_graph_url,
         watch=True,
     )
 
@@ -107,6 +110,16 @@ services:
             retries: 5
             interval: 60s
             start_interval: 1s
+    langgraph-debugger:
+        image: langchain/langgraph-debugger
+        restart: on-failure
+        depends_on:
+            langgraph-postgres:
+                condition: service_healthy
+        ports:
+            - "{debugger_port}:3968"
+        environment:
+            VITE_STUDIO_LOCAL_GRAPH_URL: {debugger_graph_url}
     langgraph-api:
         ports:
             - "8000:8000"
@@ -122,7 +135,7 @@ services:
             test: python /api/healthcheck.py
             interval: 60s
             start_interval: 1s
-            start_period: 60s
+            start_period: 10s
         
         pull_policy: build
         build:
@@ -165,6 +178,8 @@ def test_prepare_args_and_stdin_with_image() -> None:
         Config(dependencies=[".", "../../.."], graphs={"agent": "agent.py:graph"})
     )
     port = 8000
+    debugger_port = 8001
+    debugger_graph_url = f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}"
 
     actual_args, actual_stdin = prepare_args_and_stdin(
         capabilities=DEFAULT_DOCKER_CAPABILITIES,
@@ -172,6 +187,8 @@ def test_prepare_args_and_stdin_with_image() -> None:
         config=config,
         docker_compose=pathlib.Path("custom-docker-compose.yml"),
         port=port,
+        debugger_port=debugger_port,
+        debugger_base_url=debugger_graph_url,
         watch=True,
         image="my-cool-image",
     )
@@ -216,6 +233,16 @@ services:
             retries: 5
             interval: 60s
             start_interval: 1s
+    langgraph-debugger:
+        image: langchain/langgraph-debugger
+        restart: on-failure
+        depends_on:
+            langgraph-postgres:
+                condition: service_healthy
+        ports:
+            - "{debugger_port}:3968"
+        environment:
+            VITE_STUDIO_LOCAL_GRAPH_URL: {debugger_graph_url}
     langgraph-api:
         ports:
             - "8000:8000"
@@ -232,7 +259,7 @@ services:
             test: python /api/healthcheck.py
             interval: 60s
             start_interval: 1s
-            start_period: 60s
+            start_period: 10s
         
         
         develop:
@@ -262,82 +289,6 @@ def test_version_option() -> None:
     )
 
 
-def test_up_help_shows_hosted_studio_options() -> None:
-    result = CliRunner().invoke(cli, ["up", "--help"])
-
-    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
-    assert "--studio-url" in result.output
-    assert "--api-url" in result.output
-    assert "--debugger-port" not in result.output
-    assert "--debugger-base-url" not in result.output
-
-
-def test_studio_link_defaults_to_hosted_studio() -> None:
-    assert _studio_link(
-        port=8123,
-        studio_url=None,
-        api_url=None,
-        debugger_base_url=None,
-    ) == ("https://smith.langchain.com/studio/?baseUrl=http%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A8123")
-
-
-def test_studio_link_supports_self_hosted_and_remote_urls() -> None:
-    assert _studio_link(
-        port=8123,
-        studio_url="https://langsmith.example.com/prefix/",
-        api_url="https://api.example.com/graph?tenant=a&region=eu",
-        debugger_base_url=None,
-    ) == (
-        "https://langsmith.example.com/prefix/studio/"
-        "?baseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.example.com%2Fgraph%3Ftenant%3Da%26region%3Deu"
-    )
-
-
-def test_studio_link_supports_deprecated_debugger_base_url(capsys) -> None:
-    assert _studio_link(
-        port=8123,
-        studio_url=None,
-        api_url=None,
-        debugger_base_url="https://api.example.com",
-    ).endswith("?baseUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.example.com")
-    assert "--debugger-base-url is deprecated; use --api-url" in capsys.readouterr().err
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("studio_url", "api_url"),
-    [
-        ("javascript:alert(1)", None),
-        ("https://user:password@example.com", None),
-        ("https://smith.langchain.com?workspace=test", None),
-        (None, "file:///tmp/langgraph.sock"),
-        (None, "https://user:password@example.com"),
-    ],
-)
-def test_studio_link_rejects_unsafe_urls(
-    studio_url: str | None, api_url: str | None
-) -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError):
-        _studio_link(
-            port=8123,
-            studio_url=studio_url,
-            api_url=api_url,
-            debugger_base_url=None,
-        )
-
-
-def test_studio_link_rejects_conflicting_api_url_aliases() -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(
-        click.UsageError,
-        match="cannot specify different URLs",
-    ):
-        _studio_link(
-            port=8123,
-            studio_url=None,
-            api_url="https://api.example.com",
-            debugger_base_url="https://other.example.com",
-        )
-
-
 def test_top_level_help_shows_deploy_subcommands() -> None:
     runner = CliRunner()
 

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_config.py

@@ -255,6 +255,243 @@ def test_validate_config():
         )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "dependency",
+    [
+        "git+https://user:secret-token@github.com/org/private.git@main",
+        "private-package @ git+http://token@github.com/org/private.git",
+        "git+HTTPS://user%40example.com:secret%2Ftoken@github.com/org/private.git",
+        "git+https://${GIT_TOKEN}@github.com/org/private.git",
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_config_rejects_git_http_url_userinfo(dependency: str):
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError) as exc_info:
+        validate_config(
+            {
+                "python_version": "3.11",
+                "dependencies": [dependency],
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+            }
+        )
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "must not contain credentials or other URL userinfo" in message
+    assert "secret-token" not in message
+    assert "secret%2Ftoken" not in message
+
+
+def test_validate_config_file_reports_source_for_git_http_url_userinfo(
+    tmp_path: pathlib.Path,
+):
+    config_path = tmp_path / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "python_version": "3.11",
+                "dependencies": ["git+https://secret-token@github.com/org/private.git"],
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+            }
+        )
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError) as exc_info:
+        validate_config_file(config_path)
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "secret-token" not in message
+    assert f"Found in: {config_path.resolve()}" in message
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "manifest", ["package.json", "package-lock.json", "yarn.lock", "pnpm-lock.yaml"]
+)
+def test_config_to_docker_rejects_git_http_url_userinfo_in_node_files(
+    tmp_path: pathlib.Path, manifest: str
+):
+    config_path = tmp_path / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text("{}\n")
+    (tmp_path / "agent.js").write_text("export const graph = {};\n")
+    (tmp_path / "package.json").write_text('{"name":"agent"}\n')
+    (tmp_path / manifest).write_text(
+        '"priv": "git+https://user:secret-token@github.com/org/private.git"\n'
+    )
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "node_version": "20",
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.js:graph"},
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError) as exc_info:
+        config_to_docker(
+            config_path,
+            config,
+            base_image="langchain/langgraphjs-api",
+        )
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "must not contain credentials or other URL userinfo" in message
+    assert "secret-token" not in message
+    assert f"Found in: {(tmp_path / manifest).resolve()}" in message
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_allows_node_git_urls_without_http_userinfo(
+    tmp_path: pathlib.Path,
+):
+    config_path = tmp_path / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text("{}\n")
+    (tmp_path / "agent.js").write_text("export const graph = {};\n")
+    (tmp_path / "package.json").write_text(
+        '{"dependencies":{"public":"git+https://github.com/org/public.git"}}\n'
+    )
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "node_version": "20",
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.js:graph"},
+        }
+    )
+
+    docker, _ = config_to_docker(
+        config_path,
+        config,
+        base_image="langchain/langgraphjs-api",
+    )
+
+    assert f"ADD . /deps/{tmp_path.name}" in docker
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_rejects_git_http_url_userinfo_in_node_workspace(
+    tmp_path: pathlib.Path,
+):
+    config_root = tmp_path / "apps" / "agent"
+    config_root.mkdir(parents=True)
+    config_path = config_root / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text("{}\n")
+    (config_root / "agent.js").write_text("export const graph = {};\n")
+    (config_root / "package.json").write_text(
+        '{"dependencies":{"priv":"git+https://secret-token@github.com/org/private.git"}}\n'
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "package.json").write_text('{"name":"workspace"}\n')
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "node_version": "20",
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.js:graph"},
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError) as exc_info:
+        config_to_docker(
+            config_path,
+            config,
+            base_image="langchain/langgraphjs-api",
+            build_context=str(tmp_path),
+        )
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "secret-token" not in message
+    assert f"Found in: {(config_root / 'package.json').resolve()}" in message
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "dependency",
+    [
+        "git+https://github.com/org/public.git@main",
+        "private-package @ git+https://github.com/org/private.git@main",
+        "git+ssh://git@github.com/org/private.git@main",
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_config_allows_git_urls_without_http_userinfo(dependency: str):
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "python_version": "3.11",
+            "dependencies": [dependency],
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert config["dependencies"] == [dependency]
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_rejects_git_http_url_userinfo_in_requirements(
+    tmp_path: pathlib.Path,
+):
+    config_path = tmp_path / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text("{}\n")
+    (tmp_path / "agent.py").write_text("graph = object()\n")
+    (tmp_path / "requirements.txt").write_text(
+        "private @ git+https://secret-token@github.com/org/private.git\n"
+    )
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "python_version": "3.11",
+            "dependencies": ["."],
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError) as exc_info:
+        config_to_docker(
+            config_path,
+            config,
+            base_image="langchain/langgraph-api:0.2.47",
+        )
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "must not contain credentials or other URL userinfo" in message
+    assert "secret-token" not in message
+    assert f"Found in: {(tmp_path / 'requirements.txt').resolve()}" in message
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("manifest", ["pyproject.toml", "uv.lock"])
+def test_config_to_docker_rejects_git_http_url_userinfo_in_uv_files(
+    tmp_path: pathlib.Path, manifest: str
+):
+    config_path = tmp_path / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text("{}\n")
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "agent.py").write_text("graph = object()\n")
+    pyproject = textwrap.dedent(
+        """
+        [project]
+        name = "agent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        dependencies = ["private"]
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        private = { git = "https://github.com/org/private.git" }
+        """
+    ).strip()
+    uv_lock = "# uv lock file\n"
+    if manifest == "pyproject.toml":
+        pyproject = pyproject.replace(
+            "https://github.com", "https://secret-token@github.com"
+        )
+    else:
+        uv_lock += (
+            'source = { git = "https://secret-token@github.com/org/private.git" }\n'
+        )
+    (tmp_path / "pyproject.toml").write_text(pyproject + "\n")
+    (tmp_path / "uv.lock").write_text(uv_lock)
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "python_version": "3.11",
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./src/agent.py:graph"},
+            "source": {"kind": "uv"},
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError) as exc_info:
+        config_to_docker(
+            config_path,
+            config,
+            base_image="langchain/langgraph-api:0.2.47",
+        )
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "must not contain credentials or other URL userinfo" in message
+    assert "secret-token" not in message
+
+
 def test_validate_config_image_distro():
     """Test validation of image_distro field."""
     # Valid image_distro values should work

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_docker.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DEFAULT_DOCKER_CAPABILITIES = DockerCapabilities(
 )
 
 
-def test_compose_with_custom_db():
+def test_compose_with_no_debugger_and_custom_db():
     port = 8123
     custom_postgres_uri = "custom_postgres_uri"
     actual_compose_str = compose(
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_compose_with_custom_db():
     assert clean_empty_lines(actual_compose_str) == expected_compose_str
 
 
-def test_compose_with_custom_db_and_healthcheck():
+def test_compose_with_no_debugger_and_custom_db_with_healthcheck():
     port = 8123
     custom_postgres_uri = "custom_postgres_uri"
     actual_compose_str = compose(
@@ -71,11 +71,39 @@ def test_compose_with_custom_db_and_healthcheck():
             test: python /api/healthcheck.py
             interval: 60s
             start_interval: 1s
-            start_period: 60s"""
+            start_period: 10s"""
     assert clean_empty_lines(actual_compose_str) == expected_compose_str
 
 
-def test_compose_with_default_db():
+def test_compose_with_debugger_and_custom_db():
+    port = 8123
+    custom_postgres_uri = "custom_postgres_uri"
+    actual_compose_str = compose(
+        DEFAULT_DOCKER_CAPABILITIES,
+        port=port,
+        postgres_uri=custom_postgres_uri,
+    )
+    expected_compose_str = f"""services:
+    langgraph-redis:
+        image: redis:6
+        healthcheck:
+            test: redis-cli ping
+            interval: 5s
+            timeout: 1s
+            retries: 5
+    langgraph-api:
+        ports:
+            - "{port}:8000"
+        depends_on:
+            langgraph-redis:
+                condition: service_healthy
+        environment:
+            REDIS_URI: redis://langgraph-redis:6379
+            POSTGRES_URI: {custom_postgres_uri}"""
+    assert clean_empty_lines(actual_compose_str) == expected_compose_str
+
+
+def test_compose_with_debugger_and_default_db():
     port = 8123
     actual_compose_str = compose(DEFAULT_DOCKER_CAPABILITIES, port=port)
     expected_compose_str = f"""volumes:
@@ -274,6 +302,72 @@ def test_compose_with_api_version_and_custom_postgres():
     assert clean_empty_lines(actual_compose_str) == expected_compose_str
 
 
+def test_compose_with_api_version_and_debugger():
+    """Test compose function with api_version and debugger port."""
+    port = 8123
+    debugger_port = 8001
+    api_version = "0.2.74"
+
+    actual_compose_str = compose(
+        DEFAULT_DOCKER_CAPABILITIES,
+        port=port,
+        api_version=api_version,
+        debugger_port=debugger_port,
+    )
+
+    expected_compose_str = f"""volumes:
+    langgraph-data:
+        driver: local
+services:
+    langgraph-redis:
+        image: redis:6
+        healthcheck:
+            test: redis-cli ping
+            interval: 5s
+            timeout: 1s
+            retries: 5
+    langgraph-postgres:
+        image: pgvector/pgvector:pg16
+        ports:
+            - "5433:5432"
+        environment:
+            POSTGRES_DB: postgres
+            POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+            POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+        command:
+            - postgres
+            - -c
+            - shared_preload_libraries=vector
+        volumes:
+            - langgraph-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+        healthcheck:
+            test: pg_isready -U postgres
+            start_period: 10s
+            timeout: 1s
+            retries: 5
+            interval: 5s
+    langgraph-debugger:
+        image: langchain/langgraph-debugger
+        restart: on-failure
+        depends_on:
+            langgraph-postgres:
+                condition: service_healthy
+        ports:
+            - "{debugger_port}:3968"
+    langgraph-api:
+        ports:
+            - "{port}:8000"
+        depends_on:
+            langgraph-redis:
+                condition: service_healthy
+            langgraph-postgres:
+                condition: service_healthy
+        environment:
+            REDIS_URI: redis://langgraph-redis:6379
+            POSTGRES_URI: {DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI}"""
+    assert clean_empty_lines(actual_compose_str) == expected_compose_str
+
+
 def test_compose_distributed_mode_with_custom_db():
     """Test compose with engine_runtime_mode='distributed' adds N_JOBS_PER_WORKER=0."""
     port = 8123

libs/cli/uv-examples/monorepo/uv.lock

@@ -732,11 +732,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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 [[package]]

libs/cli/uv-examples/simple/uv.lock

@@ -672,11 +672,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
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+version = "2.8.0"
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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 [[package]]

libs/cli/uv.lock

@@ -1777,11 +1777,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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+version = "2.15.0"
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 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e8/55/40e45bf052ee8ee12a4dfd785519660f8effa7b065442b91646ec6828619/pyjwt-2.15.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7a3742debf6b879e912dbb9819ceec1594be812452b78c5f2e2dfc56564954f8", size = 33680, upload-time = "2026-09-23T16:55:59.241Z" },
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+version = "2.8.0"
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_checkpoint.py

@@ -114,6 +114,26 @@ def create_metadata_for_update_state_api(
     return new_counters
 
 
+def advance_delta_counters(
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
+    updated_channels: set[str],
+    *,
+    prev_metadata: Mapping[str, Any] | None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """The `counters_since_delta_snapshot` entry for an update_state
+    checkpoint saved one superstep after `prev_metadata`'s, for the paths
+    that skip `create_checkpoint_plan_for_update_state_api`.
+
+    Without it, the next checkpoint restarts every delta channel's snapshot
+    cadence from zero.
+    """
+    counters = create_metadata_for_update_state_api(
+        channels, updated_channels, prev_metadata=prev_metadata
+    )
+    non_zero = {k: v for k, v in counters.items() if v != (0, 0)}
+    return {"counters_since_delta_snapshot": non_zero} if non_zero else {}
+
+
 def create_checkpoint_plan_for_update_state_api(
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
     updated_channels: set[str],

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/main.py

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ from langgraph.pregel._algo import (
 from langgraph.pregel._call import identifier
 from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import (
     achannels_from_checkpoint,
+    advance_delta_counters,
     channels_from_checkpoint,
     copy_checkpoint,
     create_checkpoint,
@@ -1681,6 +1682,7 @@ class Pregel(
                         "Cannot apply multiple updates when clearing state"
                     )
 
+                updated_channels: set[str] = set()
                 if saved is not None:
                     # tasks for this checkpoint
                     next_tasks = prepare_next_tasks(
@@ -1703,7 +1705,7 @@ class Pregel(
                         for w in saved.pending_writes or []
                         if w[0] == NULL_TASK_ID
                     ]:
-                        apply_writes(
+                        updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                             checkpoint,
                             channels,
                             [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, null_writes, [])],
@@ -1718,7 +1720,7 @@ class Pregel(
                             continue
                         next_tasks[tid].writes.append((k, v))
                     # clear all current tasks
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                         checkpoint,
                         channels,
                         next_tasks.values(),
@@ -1733,6 +1735,13 @@ class Pregel(
                         "source": "update",
                         "step": step + 1,
                         "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}) if saved else {},
+                        **(
+                            advance_delta_counters(
+                                channels, updated_channels, prev_metadata=saved.metadata
+                            )
+                            if saved
+                            else {}
+                        ),
                     },
                     get_new_channel_versions(
                         checkpoint_previous_versions,
@@ -1751,7 +1760,7 @@ class Pregel(
                     )
 
                 if input_writes := deque(map_input(self.input_channels, values)):
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels = apply_writes(
                         checkpoint,
                         channels,
                         [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, input_writes, [])],
@@ -1774,6 +1783,15 @@ class Pregel(
                             "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {})
                             if saved
                             else {},
+                            **(
+                                advance_delta_counters(
+                                    channels,
+                                    updated_channels,
+                                    prev_metadata=saved.metadata,
+                                )
+                                if saved
+                                else {}
+                            ),
                         },
                         get_new_channel_versions(
                             checkpoint_previous_versions,
@@ -1819,6 +1837,12 @@ class Pregel(
                         "source": "fork",
                         "step": step + 1,
                         "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}),
+                        # The copy has the same values and the same parent.
+                        **{
+                            k: v
+                            for k, v in saved.metadata.items()
+                            if k == "counters_since_delta_snapshot"
+                        },
                     },
                     {},
                 )
@@ -2145,6 +2169,7 @@ class Pregel(
                     raise InvalidUpdateError(
                         "Cannot apply multiple updates when clearing state"
                     )
+                updated_channels: set[str] = set()
                 if saved is not None:
                     # tasks for this checkpoint
                     next_tasks = prepare_next_tasks(
@@ -2167,7 +2192,7 @@ class Pregel(
                         for w in saved.pending_writes or []
                         if w[0] == NULL_TASK_ID
                     ]:
-                        apply_writes(
+                        updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                             checkpoint,
                             channels,
                             [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, null_writes, [])],
@@ -2182,7 +2207,7 @@ class Pregel(
                             continue
                         next_tasks[tid].writes.append((k, v))
                     # clear all current tasks
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                         checkpoint,
                         channels,
                         next_tasks.values(),
@@ -2197,6 +2222,13 @@ class Pregel(
                         "source": "update",
                         "step": step + 1,
                         "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}) if saved else {},
+                        **(
+                            advance_delta_counters(
+                                channels, updated_channels, prev_metadata=saved.metadata
+                            )
+                            if saved
+                            else {}
+                        ),
                     },
                     get_new_channel_versions(
                         checkpoint_previous_versions, checkpoint["channel_versions"]
@@ -2214,7 +2246,7 @@ class Pregel(
                     )
 
                 if input_writes := deque(map_input(self.input_channels, values)):
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels = apply_writes(
                         checkpoint,
                         channels,
                         [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, input_writes, [])],
@@ -2237,6 +2269,15 @@ class Pregel(
                             "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {})
                             if saved
                             else {},
+                            **(
+                                advance_delta_counters(
+                                    channels,
+                                    updated_channels,
+                                    prev_metadata=saved.metadata,
+                                )
+                                if saved
+                                else {}
+                            ),
                         },
                         get_new_channel_versions(
                             checkpoint_previous_versions,
@@ -2282,6 +2323,12 @@ class Pregel(
                         "source": "fork",
                         "step": step + 1,
                         "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}),
+                        # The copy has the same values and the same parent.
+                        **{
+                            k: v
+                            for k, v in saved.metadata.items()
+                            if k == "counters_since_delta_snapshot"
+                        },
                     },
                     {},
                 )

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_supersteps_bound.py

@@ -147,6 +147,60 @@ async def test_predicate_fires_on_supersteps_overflow() -> None:
     assert "x" not in result2
 
 
+def _delta_counters(saver: InMemorySaver, config: Any) -> dict[str, list[int]]:
+    tup = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert tup is not None
+    counters = tup.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot") or {}
+    return {ch: list(c) for ch, c in counters.items()}
+
+
+_UPDATE_PATHS_WITHOUT_THE_SNAPSHOT_PLAN = pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("values", "as_node", "supersteps"),
+    [
+        (None, END, 1),
+        (None, "__copy__", 0),
+        ({"a": []}, "__input__", 1),
+    ],
+    ids=["clear as END", "copy", "update as input"],
+)
+
+
+@_UPDATE_PATHS_WITHOUT_THE_SNAPSHOT_PLAN
+def test_update_state_path_keeps_delta_counters(
+    values: Any, as_node: str, supersteps: int
+) -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "counters"}}
+    graph.invoke({"a": ["seed-a"], "b": ["seed-b"]}, config)
+    before = _delta_counters(saver, config)
+    assert set(before) == {"a", "b"}, f"both channels need live counters: {before}"
+
+    updated = graph.update_state(config, values, as_node=as_node)
+
+    assert _delta_counters(saver, updated) == {
+        ch: [u, s + supersteps] for ch, (u, s) in before.items()
+    }
+
+
+@_UPDATE_PATHS_WITHOUT_THE_SNAPSHOT_PLAN
+async def test_aupdate_state_path_keeps_delta_counters(
+    values: Any, as_node: str, supersteps: int
+) -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "counters"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"a": ["seed-a"], "b": ["seed-b"]}, config)
+    before = _delta_counters(saver, config)
+    assert set(before) == {"a", "b"}, f"both channels need live counters: {before}"
+
+    updated = await graph.aupdate_state(config, values, as_node=as_node)
+
+    assert _delta_counters(saver, updated) == {
+        ch: [u, s + supersteps] for ch, (u, s) in before.items()
+    }
+
+
 async def test_counter_reset_after_supersteps_snapshot() -> None:
     """After the supersteps bound triggers a snapshot, the counters for
     that channel reset. Verify by using a bound higher than one run's

libs/langgraph/uv.lock

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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/50/ca/44de4e75f8aadc457f0634be3b542815078ded46dca30efb960edeecad6e/pyjwt-2.15.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d59d631f7768a1028a64c7ff581a9bf7519804daf91fc5b6c56e30eec5e193", size = 33860, upload-time = "2026-09-28T18:40:41.429Z" },
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@@ -3687,11 +3687,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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