fix(langgraph): keep DeltaChannel counters on every update_state path

update_state(None, as_node=END), as_node="__input__" and "__copy__" saved their checkpoint without counters_since_delta_snapshot, so the next checkpoint restarted every delta channel's snapshot cadence from zero. END and __input__ now advance the counters by one superstep, like the other update_state paths; __copy__ keeps the copied checkpoint's.
chore(deps): bump pyjwt from 2.15.0 to 2.15.1 in /libs/langgraph (#9140 )
2026-10-01 05:55:14 +02:00 · 2026-09-30 21:00:26 -04:00 · 2026-09-30 12:28:57 -07:00 · 2026-09-30 18:50:53 +00:00 · 2026-09-30 11:43:51 -07:00 · 2026-09-30 11:43:37 -07:00
27 changed files with 597 additions and 899 deletions
@@ -139,23 +139,10 @@ jobs:
            echo EOF
          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

-  test-pypi-publish:
-    needs:
-      - build
-      - release-notes
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      id-token: write
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/_test_release.yml
-    with:
-      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-    secrets: inherit
-
  pre-release-checks:
    needs:
      - build
      - release-notes
-      - test-pypi-publish
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -180,31 +167,20 @@ jobs:
          enable-cache: false
          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}

-      - name: Import published package
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: dist
+          path: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}/dist/
+
+      - name: Import dist package
        shell: bash
        working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
        env:
          PKG_NAME: ${{ needs.build.outputs.pkg-name }}
          VERSION: ${{ needs.build.outputs.version }}
-        # Here we use:
-        # - The default regular PyPI index as the *primary* index, meaning
-        #   that it takes priority (https://pypi.org/simple)
-        # - The test PyPI index as an extra index, so that any dependencies that
-        #   are not found on test PyPI can be resolved and installed anyway.
-        #   (https://test.pypi.org/simple). This will include the PKG_NAME==VERSION
-        #   package because VERSION will not have been uploaded to regular PyPI yet.
-        # - attempt install again after 5 seconds if it fails because there is
-        #   sometimes a delay in availability on test pypi
+        # Install directly from the locally-built wheel (no index resolution needed).
        run: |
-          uv run pip install \
-            --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ \
-            "$PKG_NAME==$VERSION" || \
-          ( \
-            sleep 5 && \
-            uv run pip install \
-              --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ \
-              "$PKG_NAME==$VERSION" \
-          )
+          uv run pip install dist/*.whl

          if [[ "$PKG_NAME" == *prebuilt* ]]; then
            uv run pip install langgraph
@@ -226,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
        run: uv sync --group test
        working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}

-      # Overwrite the local version of the package with the test PyPI version.
+      # Overwrite the local version of the package with the built version
      - name: Import published package (again)
        working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
        shell: bash
@@ -234,14 +210,25 @@ jobs:
          PKG_NAME: ${{ needs.build.outputs.pkg-name }}
          VERSION: ${{ needs.build.outputs.version }}
        run: |
-          uv run pip install \
-            --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ \
-            "$PKG_NAME==$VERSION"
+          uv run pip install dist/*.whl

      - name: Run unit tests
        run: make test
        working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}

+  test-pypi-publish:
+    needs:
+      - build
+      - release-notes
+      - pre-release-checks
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/_test_release.yml
+    with:
+      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
+    secrets: inherit
+
  publish:
    needs:
      - build
@@ -943,11 +943,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -448,11 +448,12 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):

        Two-stage query, both stages cover ALL requested channels:

-        * Stage 1 (paged): dynamic SELECT over `checkpoints` with K parallel
-          JSONB key lookups (one column pair per channel) — no subquery, no
-          aggregation. Pages newest-first by `checkpoint_id` with a cursor;
-          page size is `_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`. Stops paging when every channel
-          has found its seed or the chain is exhausted.
+        * Stage 1 (paged): dynamic SELECT over `checkpoints` with three
+          columns per channel: its version, an `EXISTS` probe for a stored
+          blob at that version, and its inline value. Pages newest-first by
+          `checkpoint_id` with a cursor; page size is `_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`.
+          Stops paging when every channel has found its seed or a page comes
+          back short.

        * Stage 2 (per-channel UNION ALL): one branch per channel reading
          `checkpoint_writes` filtered to that channel's specific
@@ -172,30 +172,8 @@ class _DeltaStage2Row(TypedDict, total=False):
    version: str | None  # "b" rows only


-# Multi-channel two-stage DeltaChannel reconstruction.
-#
-# Stage 1 scans checkpoint metadata (no blob bytes) and emits one row per
-# checkpoint with K parallel JSONB key lookups (one column pair per
-# requested delta channel: ver_i / hs_i).  No subqueries, no aggregation.
-# Python walks the parent chain once across all channels.
-#
-# Stage 2 fetches all writes and the seed blobs for ALL channels in a
-# single roundtrip via `channel = ANY(%s)` and chain/seed-version
-# filtering.
-#
-# Empirical comparison vs an alternative "ship full channel_versions /
-# channel_values JSONB and let Python pick" form (1000 checkpoints,
-# 8 total channels in graph, 3 delta channels requested):
-#
-#   Postgres execution:    A=0.24ms vs B=0.38ms   (both negligible)
-#   End-to-end latency:    A=6.83ms vs B=2.28ms   (B is 3.0x faster)
-#   Wire payload:          A=836KB  vs B=330KB    (61% smaller)
-#   Buffer hits:           identical (167 blocks)
-#
-# B (this dynamic-columns design) wins because it avoids JSONB
-# serialization on the wire and JSONB-to-dict deserialization in
-# psycopg.  Even at K=8 (8 delta channels = 16 dynamic columns), B
-# still beats A end-to-end (4.2ms vs 6.8ms).
+# Delta history is rebuilt in two queries; `_build_delta_stage1_sql` and
+# `_build_delta_stage2_sql` document their shapes.


 def _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool) -> str:
@@ -335,10 +313,8 @@ def _build_delta_stage2_sql(
    return " UNION ALL ".join(branches)


-# Stage 1 rows are dynamic-shape dicts: {checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id,
-# ver_0, hs_0, ver_1, hs_1, ...}.  Walking is parameterized by the channel
-# list to map indices back to channel names — no static TypedDict here.
-# `dict[str, Any]` is the practical signature.
+# Stage 1 rows are dicts keyed by the per-channel aliases
+# `_build_delta_stage1_sql` emits, so there is no static TypedDict.


 class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
@@ -431,9 +407,11 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
          (a) it found a stored value for its channel — a blob or an inline
              primitive (channel becomes seeded),
          (b) it reached a real root (parent_of[cid] is None — fully
-              materialized at this point), or
+              materialized at this point),
          (c) the next ancestor cid isn't in `parent_of` yet (waiting for
-              a later page; the cursor stays put).
+              a later page; the cursor stays put), or
+          (d) the target's own row isn't in `parent_of` yet (the walk has
+              not started; no cursor is set, so a later page retries).

        Mutates `chain_by_ch`, `seed_ver_by_ch`, `seed_inline_by_ch`,
        `walk_cursor_by_ch`, and `seeded` in place.
@@ -441,9 +419,12 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
        for i, ch in enumerate(channels):
            if ch in seeded:
                continue
-            # First-time entry: cursor starts at the target's parent.
+            # Pages start at the thread head, so the target may not have
+            # loaded yet; a `None` cursor would read as "target is a root".
            if ch not in walk_cursor_by_ch:
-                walk_cursor_by_ch[ch] = parent_of.get(target_id)
+                if target_id not in parent_of:
+                    continue
+                walk_cursor_by_ch[ch] = parent_of[target_id]
            cur_cid = walk_cursor_by_ch[ch]
            ch_chain = chain_by_ch[ch]
            hb_i = hb_by_i_by_cid[i]
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
+    Checkpoint,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
+    empty_checkpoint,
+)
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE
+from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_URI
+
+CHANNEL = "items"
+STEPS = 8
+SEED_STEP = 1
+SEED_VALUE = [10, 20]
+TARGET_STEP = 4
+
+# The real page size is the control; the rest leave the target off the first
+# page (three checkpoints are newer than it).
+PAGE_SIZES = [_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE, 3, 2, 1]
+
+
+def _step_args(
+    thread_id: str, step: int, parent: dict | None
+) -> tuple[dict, Checkpoint, dict[str, Any]]:
+    config: dict = {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id, "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
+    if parent is not None:
+        config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent["configurable"][
+            "checkpoint_id"
+        ]
+    checkpoint: Checkpoint = empty_checkpoint()
+    checkpoint["id"] = str(uuid6(clock_seq=step))
+    checkpoint["channel_versions"][CHANNEL] = f"v{step}"
+    if step == SEED_STEP:
+        checkpoint["channel_values"][CHANNEL] = _DeltaSnapshot(list(SEED_VALUE))
+        return config, checkpoint, {CHANNEL: f"v{step}"}
+    return config, checkpoint, {}
+
+
+async def _abuild_chain(saver: AsyncPostgresSaver) -> list[dict]:
+    thread_id = str(uuid4())
+    parent: dict | None = None
+    configs: list[dict] = []
+    for step in range(STEPS):
+        config, checkpoint, new_versions = _step_args(thread_id, step, parent)
+        parent = await saver.aput(
+            config,
+            checkpoint,
+            {"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}},
+            new_versions,
+        )
+        await saver.aput_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, f"w{step}")], str(uuid4()))
+        configs.append(parent)
+    return configs
+
+
+def _build_chain(saver: PostgresSaver) -> list[dict]:
+    thread_id = str(uuid4())
+    parent: dict | None = None
+    configs: list[dict] = []
+    for step in range(STEPS):
+        config, checkpoint, new_versions = _step_args(thread_id, step, parent)
+        parent = saver.put(
+            config,
+            checkpoint,
+            {"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}},
+            new_versions,
+        )
+        saver.put_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, f"w{step}")], str(uuid4()))
+        configs.append(parent)
+    return configs
+
+
+def _assert_history(entry: DeltaChannelHistory, page_size: int) -> None:
+    seed = entry.get("seed")
+    assert isinstance(seed, _DeltaSnapshot), (
+        f"page_size={page_size}: expected a snapshot seed, "
+        f"got {entry.get('seed', '<missing>')!r}"
+    )
+    assert seed.value == SEED_VALUE
+    assert [w[2] for w in entry["writes"]] == ["w1", "w2", "w3"], (
+        f"page_size={page_size}: got {[w[2] for w in entry['writes']]}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
+async def test_async_target_older_than_the_first_page(
+    page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        await saver.setup()
+        configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
+        result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
+def test_sync_target_older_than_the_first_page(
+    page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
+    with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+        configs = _build_chain(saver)
+        result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
+
+
+async def test_root_target_has_no_history_and_still_terminates(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", 1)
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        await saver.setup()
+        configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
+        result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[0], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        assert result[CHANNEL] == {"writes": []}
@@ -1122,11 +1122,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -507,13 +507,12 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):

        Two-stage query:

-        * Stage 1 (paged): newest-first slice of `checkpoints` returning
-          `(checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint)` per
-          ancestor. Sqlite has no JSONB, so we ship the full serialized
-          checkpoint blob and inspect `channel_values` in Python. Pages
-          newest-first by `checkpoint_id` with a `< cursor` predicate;
-          page size is `DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`. Stops paging when every channel
-          has found its seed or the chain is exhausted.
+        * Stage 1 (streamed): recursive CTE over `checkpoints` following
+          `parent_checkpoint_id` from the target, returning
+          `(checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint)` per ancestor. Sqlite has no
+          JSONB, so we ship the full serialized checkpoint blob and inspect
+          `channel_values` in Python. Stops reading when every channel has
+          found its seed or the chain is exhausted.

        * Stage 2 (per-channel UNION ALL): one branch per channel reading
          `writes` filtered to that channel's specific `chain_cids`. No
@@ -538,12 +537,14 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
        seeded: set[str] = set()

        with self.cursor(transaction=False) as cur:
-            cur.execute(DELTA_STAGE1_SQL, (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id))
+            cur.execute(
+                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL,
+                (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, thread_id, checkpoint_ns),
+            )
            for row in cur:
-                cid, parent_cid, type_tag, blob = row
+                cid, type_tag, blob = row
                if step_walk_with_row(
                    cid=cid,
-                    parent_cid=parent_cid,
                    type_tag=type_tag,
                    blob=blob,
                    target_id=checkpoint_id,
@@ -26,16 +26,33 @@ from typing import Any

 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import DeltaChannelHistory, PendingWrite

-# Stage 1 streams ancestors of `target_cid` newest-first. The `<=`
-# predicate keeps target itself in the stream so we can read its
-# `parent_checkpoint_id` from the first row without a separate lookup;
-# the caller skips target's own writes/seed (matches the
-# `BaseCheckpointSaver` contract).
+# Stage 1 streams target, then its ancestors nearest-first, by following
+# `parent_checkpoint_id` rather than id order: ids are only monotonic within
+# one process, so a range scan by id can miss a parent whose id sorts above
+# its child's. Target is the anchor row; its own writes/seed are skipped
+# (matches the `BaseCheckpointSaver` contract).
+#
+# `put` is `INSERT OR REPLACE`, so re-putting an existing id under a
+# descendant's config makes the chain a loop. `step_walk_with_row` stops on a
+# repeated id; sqlite yields recursive rows lazily, so abandoning the cursor
+# ends the recursion.
+#
+# `CROSS JOIN` pins `ancestors` as the outer loop, so each step is one primary
+# key lookup. With a plain `JOIN` and no `ANALYZE` stats, sqlite can put
+# `checkpoints` outside and scan the whole thread per step.
 DELTA_STAGE1_SQL = (
+    "WITH RECURSIVE ancestors(checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, "
+    "checkpoint) AS ("
    "SELECT checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint "
    "FROM checkpoints "
-    "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id <= ? "
-    "ORDER BY checkpoint_id DESC"
+    "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ? "
+    "UNION ALL "
+    "SELECT c.checkpoint_id, c.parent_checkpoint_id, c.type, c.checkpoint "
+    "FROM ancestors a CROSS JOIN checkpoints c "
+    "ON c.checkpoint_id = a.parent_checkpoint_id "
+    "WHERE c.thread_id = ? AND c.checkpoint_ns = ?"
+    ") "
+    "SELECT checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint FROM ancestors"
 )


@@ -68,7 +85,6 @@ def build_delta_stage2_sql(*, chain_lens: Sequence[int]) -> str:
 def step_walk_with_row(
    *,
    cid: str,
-    parent_cid: str | None,
    type_tag: str,
    blob: bytes,
    target_id: str,
@@ -81,36 +97,32 @@ def step_walk_with_row(
 ) -> bool:
    """Process one streamed stage-1 row in the merged ancestor walk.

-    The cursor returns (cid, parent_cid, type, blob) rows in
-    `checkpoint_id` DESC order starting at target. The first row is
-    target itself; we read its parent_cid to seed the walk and otherwise
-    skip it (target's own writes/seed are not part of the contract).
+    The cursor returns (cid, type, blob) rows in walk order starting at
+    target. The first row is target itself and is skipped (target's own
+    writes/seed are not part of the contract).

-    For each subsequent row, if `cid` matches the walk's current
-    position, we deserialize the blob, append the cid to every
-    not-yet-seeded channel's chain, and check `channel_values` for
+    For each subsequent row we deserialize the blob, append the cid to
+    every not-yet-seeded channel's chain, and check `channel_values` for
    seeds. The deserialized checkpoint is dropped before advancing — no
    cross-row cache, so peak in-flight is one deserialized checkpoint.

-    Off-path rows (different branch on the same thread) advance the
-    cursor without doing any work.
-
-    Returns True when every requested channel is seeded — the caller
-    can stop iterating and close the cursor.
+    Returns True when the caller can stop iterating and close the cursor:
+    every requested channel is seeded, or the chain revisited a checkpoint.
    """
    if "started" not in walk_state:
        if cid == target_id:
            walk_state["started"] = True
-            walk_state["cur_cid"] = parent_cid
            walk_state["active"] = {ch for ch in channels if ch not in seeded}
+            walk_state["walked"] = {cid}
        # Not target yet (or target not present): keep streaming.
        return False
    active: set[str] = walk_state["active"]
    if not active:
        return True
-    if cid != walk_state["cur_cid"]:
-        # Off-path row from a sibling branch — skip without deserializing.
-        return False
+    walked: set[str] = walk_state["walked"]
+    if cid in walked:
+        return True
+    walked.add(cid)
    for ch in active:
        chain_by_ch[ch].append(cid)
    ckpt = serde.loads_typed((type_tag, blob))
@@ -120,7 +132,6 @@ def step_walk_with_row(
        seeded.add(ch)
        active.discard(ch)
    del ckpt, channel_values
-    walk_state["cur_cid"] = parent_cid
    return not active


@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
        """Fast-path override of `BaseCheckpointSaver.aget_delta_channel_history`.

        See `SqliteSaver.get_delta_channel_history` for design notes; this
-        is the async equivalent using `aiosqlite` cursors. Stage 1 pages
-        the parent chain newest-first and Python-deserializes each
+        is the async equivalent using `aiosqlite` cursors. Stage 1 streams
+        the parent chain from the target and Python-deserializes each
        checkpoint blob to find per-channel snapshots; stage 2 fetches
        only the relevant writes via per-channel UNION ALL.
        """
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):

        async with self.lock, self.conn.cursor() as cur:
            await cur.execute(
-                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL, (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
+                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL,
+                (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, thread_id, checkpoint_ns),
            )
            async for row in cur:
-                cid, parent_cid, type_tag, blob = row
+                cid, type_tag, blob = row
                if step_walk_with_row(
                    cid=cid,
-                    parent_cid=parent_cid,
                    type_tag=type_tag,
                    blob=blob,
                    target_id=checkpoint_id,
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
+    BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    Checkpoint,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
+    empty_checkpoint,
+)
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite import SqliteSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite._delta import DELTA_STAGE1_SQL
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.aio import AsyncSqliteSaver
+
+CHANNEL = "ch"
+CONFIG: dict[str, Any] = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t", "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
+EXPECTED: DeltaChannelHistory = {
+    "writes": [("task", CHANNEL, "write-root")],
+    "seed": "seed",
+}
+
+
+def _checkpoint(checkpoint_id: str, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Checkpoint:
+    value = empty_checkpoint()
+    value["id"] = checkpoint_id
+    value["channel_values"] = values
+    return value
+
+
+PARENT_ID_ORDERS = [
+    pytest.param("z-older", "a-newer", id="parent_id_sorts_above_child"),
+    pytest.param("a-older", "z-newer", id="parent_id_sorts_below_child"),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("root_id", "child_id"), PARENT_ID_ORDERS)
+def test_sync_walk_reaches_parent_whatever_the_id_order(
+    root_id: str, child_id: str
+) -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        root = saver.put(CONFIG, _checkpoint(root_id, {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {})
+        saver.put_writes(root, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        child = saver.put(root, _checkpoint(child_id, {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=child, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        reference = BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            saver, config=child, channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == reference[CHANNEL], "fast path disagrees with base"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("root_id", "child_id"), PARENT_ID_ORDERS)
+async def test_async_walk_reaches_parent_whatever_the_id_order(
+    root_id: str, child_id: str
+) -> None:
+    async with AsyncSqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        root = await saver.aput(CONFIG, _checkpoint(root_id, {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {})
+        await saver.aput_writes(root, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        child = await saver.aput(root, _checkpoint(child_id, {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=child, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+
+
+def test_walk_reaches_root_of_long_chain_with_descending_ids() -> None:
+    steps = 40
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        parent = saver.put(
+            CONFIG, _checkpoint(f"id-{steps:03d}", {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {}
+        )
+        saver.put_writes(parent, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        for step in range(steps - 1, 0, -1):
+            parent = saver.put(parent, _checkpoint(f"id-{step:03d}", {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=parent, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+
+
+def test_walk_terminates_when_put_makes_the_parent_chain_cycle() -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        a = saver.put(CONFIG, _checkpoint("cid-a", {}), {}, {})
+        b = saver.put(a, _checkpoint("cid-b", {}), {}, {})
+        repoint_a_under_b = _checkpoint("cid-a", {})
+        saver.put(b, repoint_a_under_b, {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=b, channels=[CHANNEL])
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == {"writes": []}
+
+
+def test_walk_step_looks_up_the_parent_by_primary_key() -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+        plan = [
+            row[3]
+            for row in saver.conn.execute(
+                f"EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN {DELTA_STAGE1_SQL}", ("t", "", "id", "t", "")
+            )
+        ]
+    assert any(
+        step.startswith("SEARCH c ") and "checkpoint_id=?" in step for step in plan
+    ), f"recursive step should look up the parent by key, got {plan}"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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+version = "2.8.0"
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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@@ -732,11 +732,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
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-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -672,11 +672,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
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-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
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-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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+version = "2.15.0"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e8/55/40e45bf052ee8ee12a4dfd785519660f8effa7b065442b91646ec6828619/pyjwt-2.15.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7a3742debf6b879e912dbb9819ceec1594be812452b78c5f2e2dfc56564954f8", size = 33680, upload-time = "2026-09-23T16:55:59.241Z" },
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/05/b17359e1cefb4f909b5e40b1b90a496d987258916dbbf88e842c729f510e/urllib3-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:63bf2ead4c879426ebf22ef2a781eeb4aa3b4ae798a0435506f8687fd5bb9b63", size = 458972, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:36.253Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/9d/c4e665119135114480843e7ab388fa94d8480650450e6f8e26b70d323a4c/urllib3-2.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf3cae568d36aa9576b28dfb35f11328f1cb974ca7647d9475ebb86c75ac6e3", size = 135717, upload-time = "2026-09-15T19:29:34.577Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -114,6 +114,26 @@ def create_metadata_for_update_state_api(
    return new_counters


+def advance_delta_counters(
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
+    updated_channels: set[str],
+    *,
+    prev_metadata: Mapping[str, Any] | None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """The `counters_since_delta_snapshot` entry for an update_state
+    checkpoint saved one superstep after `prev_metadata`'s, for the paths
+    that skip `create_checkpoint_plan_for_update_state_api`.
+
+    Without it, the next checkpoint restarts every delta channel's snapshot
+    cadence from zero.
+    """
+    counters = create_metadata_for_update_state_api(
+        channels, updated_channels, prev_metadata=prev_metadata
+    )
+    non_zero = {k: v for k, v in counters.items() if v != (0, 0)}
+    return {"counters_since_delta_snapshot": non_zero} if non_zero else {}
+
+
 def create_checkpoint_plan_for_update_state_api(
    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
    updated_channels: set[str],
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ from langgraph.pregel._io import (
 )
 from langgraph.pregel._messages import ensure_message_ids
 from langgraph.pregel._read import PregelNode
-from langgraph.pregel._task_status import read_task_statuses
 from langgraph.pregel._utils import get_new_channel_versions, is_xxh3_128_hexdigest
 from langgraph.pregel.debug import (
    map_debug_checkpoint,
@@ -737,14 +736,17 @@ class PregelLoop:
    def _reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes(
        self, tasks: Mapping[str, PregelExecutableTask]
    ) -> None:
-        """Restore the output of finished tasks from checkpoint to in-memory tasks.
+        """Restore successful channel writes from checkpoint to in-memory tasks.

-        Unfinished (failed or interrupted) tasks keep empty writes, so the
-        runner re-executes them or routes them to error handlers.
+        Skips control signals (ERROR, ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, INTERRUPT, RESUME)
+        so that failed/interrupted tasks remain with empty writes and will be
+        re-executed (or routed to error handlers) by the runner.
        """
-        for tid, status in read_task_statuses(self.checkpoint_pending_writes).items():
+        for tid, k, v in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
+            if k in (ERROR, ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, INTERRUPT, RESUME):
+                continue
            if task := tasks.get(tid):
-                task.writes.extend(status.output)
+                task.writes.append((k, v))

    def _resume_error_handlers_if_applicable(self) -> None:
        """On resume, schedule error handlers for tasks that failed in a prior run.
@@ -814,13 +816,35 @@ class PregelLoop:
                self.tasks[handler_task.id] = handler_task

    def _pending_interrupts(self) -> set[str]:
-        """Return the ids of interrupts that are still waiting for an answer."""
-        return {
-            interrupt.id
-            for status in read_task_statuses(self.checkpoint_pending_writes).values()
-            for interrupt in status.pending_interrupts
+        """Return the set of interrupt ids that are pending without corresponding resume values."""
+        # mapping of task ids to interrupt ids
+        pending_interrupts: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        # set of resume task ids
+        pending_resumes: set[str] = set()
+
+        for task_id, write_type, value in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
+            if write_type == INTERRUPT:
+                # interrupts is always a list, but there should only be one element
+                pending_interrupts[task_id] = value[0].id
+            elif write_type == RESUME:
+                pending_resumes.add(task_id)
+
+        resumed_interrupt_ids = {
+            pending_interrupts[task_id]
+            for task_id in pending_resumes
+            if task_id in pending_interrupts
        }

+        # Keep only interrupts whose interrupt_id is not resumed
+        hanging_interrupts: set[str] = {
+            interrupt_id
+            for interrupt_id in pending_interrupts.values()
+            if interrupt_id not in resumed_interrupt_ids
+        }
+
+        return hanging_interrupts
+
    def _first(
        self, *, input_keys: str | Sequence[str], updated_channels: set[str] | None
    ) -> set[str] | None:
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt
 from langgraph.pregel._algo import Call
 from langgraph.pregel._executor import Submit
 from langgraph.pregel._retry import arun_with_retry, run_with_retry
-from langgraph.pregel._task_status import CONTROL_WRITES
 from langgraph.types import (
    CachePolicy,
    PregelExecutableTask,
@@ -607,9 +606,8 @@ class PregelRunner:
                task.config is None or TAG_HIDDEN not in task.config.get("tags", [])
            ):
                self.node_finished(task.name)
-            if all(chan in CONTROL_WRITES for chan, _ in task.writes):
-                # record that the task finished, even if it produced no output
-                # (see `langgraph.pregel._task_status`)
+            if not task.writes:
+                # add no writes marker
                task.writes.append((NO_WRITES, None))
            # save task writes to checkpointer
            self.put_writes()(task.id, task.writes)  # type: ignore[misc]
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-"""Read the status of each task from the writes recorded for a superstep.
-
-While a superstep is open, the checkpointer keeps a log of writes for each
-task in that step. Entries are added as tasks run and are only discarded when
-the whole superstep finishes and a new checkpoint is saved. When a task runs
-again, for example after being resumed, its earlier entries stay in the log.
-
-This module is the single place that turns that log into task status. Code that
-needs to know whether a task finished, which interrupts it raised, which of them
-are still waiting for an answer, or which output it produced must use
-`read_task_statuses` instead of inspecting the writes directly.
-
-The log uses two kinds of writes:
-
- Control writes describe what happened to a task: `INTERRUPT` (the task asked
-  a question), `RESUME` (answers the task has received), `ERROR`, and
-  `ERROR_SOURCE_NODE`. `INTERRUPT`, `RESUME` and `ERROR` each have a fixed slot
-  per task (`WRITES_IDX_MAP`), so a newer write of the same kind can replace an
-  older one.
- Every other write is output: channel writes, `RETURN` for functional tasks,
-  and the `NO_WRITES` marker.
-
-The rules are:
-
-1. When a task that ran finishes successfully, `PregelRunner.commit` records at
-   least one output write, adding `NO_WRITES` if the task produced no other
-   output.
-2. A task that pauses at an interrupt records only control writes.
-3. A task is therefore treated as finished if and only if it has an output
-   write.
-4. Because `INTERRUPT` is stored in a fixed slot, its recorded value is the most
-   recent question the task asked. That question is waiting for an answer only
-   while the task is unfinished.
-
-A `RESUME` write never means a task is finished: it can hold the answer to an
-earlier question while the task waits on a later one.
-
-What these rules cannot see:
-
- A task whose result came from the cache does not go through
-  `PregelRunner.commit`, so nothing is recorded for it. It reads as not
-  finished.
- A task that fails can record partial output writes along with its error. It
-  reads as finished, which is how the executor has always treated it.
- Writes recorded before rule 1 existed may describe a finished task with no
-  output using only control writes. Those tasks read as unfinished, which
-  matches how they were treated before.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any
-
-from langgraph.checkpoint.base import PendingWrite
-
-from langgraph._internal._constants import (
-    ERROR,
-    ERROR_SOURCE_NODE,
-    INTERRUPT,
-    NULL_TASK_ID,
-    RESUME,
-)
-from langgraph.types import Interrupt
-
-__all__ = ("CONTROL_WRITES", "TaskStatus", "read_task_statuses")
-
-CONTROL_WRITES = frozenset((ERROR, ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, INTERRUPT, RESUME))
-"""Channels that describe what happened to a task rather than what it produced."""
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
-class TaskStatus:
-    """The status of one task, read from the writes recorded for its superstep."""
-
-    output: tuple[tuple[str, Any], ...] = ()
-    """Output writes in recorded order. Empty if the task has not finished."""
-
-    interrupts: tuple[Interrupt, ...] = ()
-    """The most recent interrupts the task raised, whether or not they were answered."""
-
-    error: BaseException | None = None
-    """The recorded error, if any."""
-
-    @property
-    def finished(self) -> bool:
-        """Whether the task ran to completion."""
-        return bool(self.output)
-
-    @property
-    def pending_interrupts(self) -> tuple[Interrupt, ...]:
-        """Interrupts waiting for an answer. Always empty for a finished task."""
-        return () if self.finished else self.interrupts
-
-
-def read_task_statuses(
-    pending_writes: Iterable[PendingWrite],
-) -> dict[str, TaskStatus]:
-    """Return the status of every task that has recorded writes, keyed by task id.
-
-    Writes from `NULL_TASK_ID` are input to the superstep, not task activity, so
-    they are not included.
-    """
-    output: dict[str, list[tuple[str, Any]]] = {}
-    interrupts: dict[str, list[Interrupt]] = {}
-    errors: dict[str, BaseException] = {}
-    for task_id, channel, value in pending_writes:
-        if task_id == NULL_TASK_ID:
-            continue
-        output.setdefault(task_id, [])
-        if channel == INTERRUPT:
-            interrupts.setdefault(task_id, []).extend(
-                value if isinstance(value, Sequence) else [value]
-            )
-        elif channel == ERROR:
-            errors.setdefault(task_id, value)
-        elif channel not in CONTROL_WRITES:
-            output[task_id].append((channel, value))
-    return {
-        task_id: TaskStatus(
-            output=tuple(task_output),
-            interrupts=tuple(interrupts.get(task_id, ())),
-            error=errors.get(task_id),
-        )
-        for task_id, task_output in output.items()
-    }
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
 from langgraph.channels.base import BaseChannel
 from langgraph.constants import TAG_HIDDEN
 from langgraph.pregel._io import read_channels
-from langgraph.pregel._task_status import TaskStatus, read_task_statuses
 from langgraph.types import (
    CheckpointPayload,
    PregelExecutableTask,
@@ -38,8 +37,6 @@ from langgraph.types import (

 TASK_NAMESPACE = UUID("6ba7b831-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8")

-_NOT_STARTED = TaskStatus()
-

 def map_debug_tasks(tasks: Iterable[PregelExecutableTask]) -> Iterator[TaskPayload]:
    """Produce "task" events for stream_mode=debug."""
@@ -214,21 +211,35 @@ def tasks_w_writes(
    pending_writes: list[PendingWrite] | None,
    states: dict[str, RunnableConfig | StateSnapshot] | None,
    output_keys: str | Sequence[str],
-    *,
-    live: bool = False,
 ) -> tuple[PregelTask, ...]:
-    """Apply writes / subgraph states to tasks to be returned in a StateSnapshot.
-
-    With `live=True`, tasks report only the interrupts still waiting for an
-    answer, as of the most recent writes. Otherwise tasks report the interrupts
-    they raised in the step, including answered ones, as a record of the step.
-    """
-    statuses = read_task_statuses(pending_writes or [])
+    """Apply writes / subgraph states to tasks to be returned in a StateSnapshot."""
+    pending_writes = pending_writes or []
    out: list[PregelTask] = []
    for task in tasks:
-        status = statuses.get(task.id, _NOT_STARTED)
-        rtn = next((val for chan, val in status.output if chan == RETURN), MISSING)
-        task_writes = [(chan, val) for chan, val in status.output if chan != RETURN]
+        rtn = next(
+            (
+                val
+                for tid, chan, val in pending_writes
+                if tid == task.id and chan == RETURN
+            ),
+            MISSING,
+        )
+        task_error = next(
+            (exc for tid, n, exc in pending_writes if tid == task.id and n == ERROR),
+            None,
+        )
+        task_interrupts = tuple(
+            v
+            for tid, n, vv in pending_writes
+            if tid == task.id and n == INTERRUPT
+            for v in (vv if isinstance(vv, Sequence) else [vv])
+        )
+
+        task_writes = [
+            (chan, val)
+            for tid, chan, val in pending_writes
+            if tid == task.id and chan not in (ERROR, INTERRUPT, RETURN)
+        ]

        if rtn is not MISSING:
            task_result = rtn
@@ -250,15 +261,19 @@ def tasks_w_writes(
            mapped_writes = map_task_result_writes(filtered_writes)
            task_result = mapped_writes if filtered_writes else {}

+        has_writes = rtn is not MISSING or any(
+            w[0] == task.id and w[1] not in (ERROR, INTERRUPT) for w in pending_writes
+        )
+
        out.append(
            PregelTask(
                task.id,
                task.name,
                task.path,
-                status.error,
-                status.pending_interrupts if live else status.interrupts,
+                task_error,
+                task_interrupts,
                states.get(task.id) if states else None,
-                task_result if status.finished else None,
+                task_result if has_writes else None,
            )
        )
    return tuple(out)
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ from langgraph._internal._constants import (
    CONFIG_KEY_STREAM_MESSAGES_V2,
    CONFIG_KEY_TASK_ID,
    CONFIG_KEY_THREAD_ID,
+    ERROR,
    INPUT,
    INTERRUPT,
    NS_END,
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ from langgraph.pregel._algo import (
 from langgraph.pregel._call import identifier
 from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import (
    achannels_from_checkpoint,
+    advance_delta_counters,
    channels_from_checkpoint,
    copy_checkpoint,
    create_checkpoint,
@@ -148,7 +150,6 @@ from langgraph.pregel._messages import (
 from langgraph.pregel._read import DEFAULT_BOUND, PregelNode
 from langgraph.pregel._retry import RetryPolicy
 from langgraph.pregel._runner import PregelRunner
-from langgraph.pregel._task_status import read_task_statuses
 from langgraph.pregel._tools import StreamToolCallHandler
 from langgraph.pregel._utils import (
    get_new_channel_versions,
@@ -1147,16 +1148,8 @@ class Pregel(
        config: RunnableConfig,
        saved: CheckpointTuple | None,
        recurse: BaseCheckpointSaver | None = None,
-        live: bool = False,
+        apply_pending_writes: bool = False,
    ) -> StateSnapshot:
-        """Build a `StateSnapshot` from a saved checkpoint and its pending writes.
-
-        With `live=True` the snapshot shows current status: values include the
-        output of tasks that already finished, `next` lists only tasks that still
-        need to run, and `interrupts` lists only questions still waiting for an
-        answer. Otherwise the snapshot is a record of the step: values as of the
-        start of the step, every task in the step, and the interrupts they raised.
-        """
        if not saved:
            return StateSnapshot(
                values={},
@@ -1244,10 +1237,13 @@ class Pregel(
                None,
                self.trigger_to_nodes,
            )
-        if live and saved.pending_writes:
-            for tid, status in read_task_statuses(saved.pending_writes).items():
-                if tid in next_tasks:
-                    next_tasks[tid].writes.extend(status.output)
+        if apply_pending_writes and saved.pending_writes:
+            for tid, k, v in saved.pending_writes:
+                if k in (ERROR, INTERRUPT):
+                    continue
+                if tid not in next_tasks:
+                    continue
+                next_tasks[tid].writes.append((k, v))
            if tasks := [t for t in next_tasks.values() if t.writes]:
                apply_writes(
                    saved.checkpoint, channels, tasks, None, self.trigger_to_nodes
@@ -1257,7 +1253,6 @@ class Pregel(
            saved.pending_writes,
            task_states,
            self.stream_channels_asis,
-            live=live,
        )
        # assemble the state snapshot
        return StateSnapshot(
@@ -1276,16 +1271,8 @@ class Pregel(
        config: RunnableConfig,
        saved: CheckpointTuple | None,
        recurse: BaseCheckpointSaver | None = None,
-        live: bool = False,
+        apply_pending_writes: bool = False,
    ) -> StateSnapshot:
-        """Build a `StateSnapshot` from a saved checkpoint and its pending writes.
-
-        With `live=True` the snapshot shows current status: values include the
-        output of tasks that already finished, `next` lists only tasks that still
-        need to run, and `interrupts` lists only questions still waiting for an
-        answer. Otherwise the snapshot is a record of the step: values as of the
-        start of the step, every task in the step, and the interrupts they raised.
-        """
        if not saved:
            return StateSnapshot(
                values={},
@@ -1373,10 +1360,13 @@ class Pregel(
                None,
                self.trigger_to_nodes,
            )
-        if live and saved.pending_writes:
-            for tid, status in read_task_statuses(saved.pending_writes).items():
-                if tid in next_tasks:
-                    next_tasks[tid].writes.extend(status.output)
+        if apply_pending_writes and saved.pending_writes:
+            for tid, k, v in saved.pending_writes:
+                if k in (ERROR, INTERRUPT):
+                    continue
+                if tid not in next_tasks:
+                    continue
+                next_tasks[tid].writes.append((k, v))
            if tasks := [t for t in next_tasks.values() if t.writes]:
                apply_writes(
                    saved.checkpoint, channels, tasks, None, self.trigger_to_nodes
@@ -1387,7 +1377,6 @@ class Pregel(
            saved.pending_writes,
            task_states,
            self.stream_channels_asis,
-            live=live,
        )
        # assemble the state snapshot
        return StateSnapshot(
@@ -1442,7 +1431,7 @@ class Pregel(
            config,
            saved,
            recurse=checkpointer if subgraphs else None,
-            live=CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID not in config[CONF],
+            apply_pending_writes=CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID not in config[CONF],
        )

    async def aget_state(
@@ -1486,7 +1475,7 @@ class Pregel(
            config,
            saved,
            recurse=checkpointer if subgraphs else None,
-            live=CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID not in config[CONF],
+            apply_pending_writes=CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID not in config[CONF],
        )

    def get_state_history(
@@ -1693,6 +1682,7 @@ class Pregel(
                        "Cannot apply multiple updates when clearing state"
                    )

+                updated_channels: set[str] = set()
                if saved is not None:
                    # tasks for this checkpoint
                    next_tasks = prepare_next_tasks(
@@ -1715,21 +1705,22 @@ class Pregel(
                        for w in saved.pending_writes or []
                        if w[0] == NULL_TASK_ID
                    ]:
-                        apply_writes(
+                        updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                            checkpoint,
                            channels,
                            [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, null_writes, [])],
                            checkpointer.get_next_version,
                            self.trigger_to_nodes,
                        )
-                    # apply writes from tasks that already finished
-                    for tid, status in read_task_statuses(
-                        saved.pending_writes or []
-                    ).items():
-                        if tid in next_tasks:
-                            next_tasks[tid].writes.extend(status.output)
+                    # apply writes from tasks that already ran
+                    for tid, k, v in saved.pending_writes or []:
+                        if k in (ERROR, INTERRUPT):
+                            continue
+                        if tid not in next_tasks:
+                            continue
+                        next_tasks[tid].writes.append((k, v))
                    # clear all current tasks
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                        checkpoint,
                        channels,
                        next_tasks.values(),
@@ -1744,6 +1735,13 @@ class Pregel(
                        "source": "update",
                        "step": step + 1,
                        "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}) if saved else {},
+                        **(
+                            advance_delta_counters(
+                                channels, updated_channels, prev_metadata=saved.metadata
+                            )
+                            if saved
+                            else {}
+                        ),
                    },
                    get_new_channel_versions(
                        checkpoint_previous_versions,
@@ -1762,7 +1760,7 @@ class Pregel(
                    )

                if input_writes := deque(map_input(self.input_channels, values)):
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels = apply_writes(
                        checkpoint,
                        channels,
                        [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, input_writes, [])],
@@ -1785,6 +1783,15 @@ class Pregel(
                            "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {})
                            if saved
                            else {},
+                            **(
+                                advance_delta_counters(
+                                    channels,
+                                    updated_channels,
+                                    prev_metadata=saved.metadata,
+                                )
+                                if saved
+                                else {}
+                            ),
                        },
                        get_new_channel_versions(
                            checkpoint_previous_versions,
@@ -1830,6 +1837,12 @@ class Pregel(
                        "source": "fork",
                        "step": step + 1,
                        "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}),
+                        # The copy has the same values and the same parent.
+                        **{
+                            k: v
+                            for k, v in saved.metadata.items()
+                            if k == "counters_since_delta_snapshot"
+                        },
                    },
                    {},
                )
@@ -2156,6 +2169,7 @@ class Pregel(
                    raise InvalidUpdateError(
                        "Cannot apply multiple updates when clearing state"
                    )
+                updated_channels: set[str] = set()
                if saved is not None:
                    # tasks for this checkpoint
                    next_tasks = prepare_next_tasks(
@@ -2178,21 +2192,22 @@ class Pregel(
                        for w in saved.pending_writes or []
                        if w[0] == NULL_TASK_ID
                    ]:
-                        apply_writes(
+                        updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                            checkpoint,
                            channels,
                            [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, null_writes, [])],
                            checkpointer.get_next_version,
                            self.trigger_to_nodes,
                        )
-                    # apply writes from tasks that already finished
-                    for tid, status in read_task_statuses(
-                        saved.pending_writes or []
-                    ).items():
-                        if tid in next_tasks:
-                            next_tasks[tid].writes.extend(status.output)
+                    # apply writes from tasks that already ran
+                    for tid, k, v in saved.pending_writes or []:
+                        if k in (ERROR, INTERRUPT):
+                            continue
+                        if tid not in next_tasks:
+                            continue
+                        next_tasks[tid].writes.append((k, v))
                    # clear all current tasks
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels |= apply_writes(
                        checkpoint,
                        channels,
                        next_tasks.values(),
@@ -2207,6 +2222,13 @@ class Pregel(
                        "source": "update",
                        "step": step + 1,
                        "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}) if saved else {},
+                        **(
+                            advance_delta_counters(
+                                channels, updated_channels, prev_metadata=saved.metadata
+                            )
+                            if saved
+                            else {}
+                        ),
                    },
                    get_new_channel_versions(
                        checkpoint_previous_versions, checkpoint["channel_versions"]
@@ -2224,7 +2246,7 @@ class Pregel(
                    )

                if input_writes := deque(map_input(self.input_channels, values)):
-                    apply_writes(
+                    updated_channels = apply_writes(
                        checkpoint,
                        channels,
                        [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, input_writes, [])],
@@ -2247,6 +2269,15 @@ class Pregel(
                            "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {})
                            if saved
                            else {},
+                            **(
+                                advance_delta_counters(
+                                    channels,
+                                    updated_channels,
+                                    prev_metadata=saved.metadata,
+                                )
+                                if saved
+                                else {}
+                            ),
                        },
                        get_new_channel_versions(
                            checkpoint_previous_versions,
@@ -2292,6 +2323,12 @@ class Pregel(
                        "source": "fork",
                        "step": step + 1,
                        "parents": saved.metadata.get("parents", {}),
+                        # The copy has the same values and the same parent.
+                        **{
+                            k: v
+                            for k, v in saved.metadata.items()
+                            if k == "counters_since_delta_snapshot"
+                        },
                    },
                    {},
                )
@@ -726,13 +726,7 @@ class StateSnapshot(NamedTuple):
    tasks: tuple[PregelTask, ...]
    """Tasks to execute in this step. If already attempted, may contain an error."""
    interrupts: tuple[Interrupt, ...]
-    """Interrupts that occurred in this step.
-
-    When reading the latest state (`get_state` without a `checkpoint_id`), this
-    contains only interrupts still waiting for an answer. When reading a specific
-    checkpoint or state history, it contains the most recent interrupt each task
-    raised in that step, including ones answered later in the same step.
-    """
+    """Interrupts that occurred in this step that are pending resolution."""


 class Send:
@@ -147,6 +147,60 @@ async def test_predicate_fires_on_supersteps_overflow() -> None:
    assert "x" not in result2


+def _delta_counters(saver: InMemorySaver, config: Any) -> dict[str, list[int]]:
+    tup = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert tup is not None
+    counters = tup.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot") or {}
+    return {ch: list(c) for ch, c in counters.items()}
+
+
+_UPDATE_PATHS_WITHOUT_THE_SNAPSHOT_PLAN = pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("values", "as_node", "supersteps"),
+    [
+        (None, END, 1),
+        (None, "__copy__", 0),
+        ({"a": []}, "__input__", 1),
+    ],
+    ids=["clear as END", "copy", "update as input"],
+)
+
+
+@_UPDATE_PATHS_WITHOUT_THE_SNAPSHOT_PLAN
+def test_update_state_path_keeps_delta_counters(
+    values: Any, as_node: str, supersteps: int
+) -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "counters"}}
+    graph.invoke({"a": ["seed-a"], "b": ["seed-b"]}, config)
+    before = _delta_counters(saver, config)
+    assert set(before) == {"a", "b"}, f"both channels need live counters: {before}"
+
+    updated = graph.update_state(config, values, as_node=as_node)
+
+    assert _delta_counters(saver, updated) == {
+        ch: [u, s + supersteps] for ch, (u, s) in before.items()
+    }
+
+
+@_UPDATE_PATHS_WITHOUT_THE_SNAPSHOT_PLAN
+async def test_aupdate_state_path_keeps_delta_counters(
+    values: Any, as_node: str, supersteps: int
+) -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "counters"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"a": ["seed-a"], "b": ["seed-b"]}, config)
+    before = _delta_counters(saver, config)
+    assert set(before) == {"a", "b"}, f"both channels need live counters: {before}"
+
+    updated = await graph.aupdate_state(config, values, as_node=as_node)
+
+    assert _delta_counters(saver, updated) == {
+        ch: [u, s + supersteps] for ch, (u, s) in before.items()
+    }
+
+
 async def test_counter_reset_after_supersteps_snapshot() -> None:
    """After the supersteps bound triggers a snapshot, the counters for
    that channel reset. Verify by using a bound higher than one run's
@@ -1,534 +0,0 @@
-"""State reads while some tasks of a superstep are finished and others are paused.
-
-When parallel tasks each call `interrupt()` and only some of them are resumed,
-the superstep stays open. Its recorded writes then contain the old interrupt of
-each finished task next to that task's output. These tests check that state
-reads, which are rebuilt from the checkpointer, report only the interrupts that
-still need an answer.
-"""
-
-import operator
-import sys
-import uuid
-from collections import Counter
-from typing import Annotated, Any
-
-import pytest
-from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
-from typing_extensions import TypedDict
-
-from langgraph._internal._constants import (
-    ERROR,
-    INTERRUPT,
-    NO_WRITES,
-    NULL_TASK_ID,
-    RESUME,
-    RETURN,
-)
-from langgraph.func import entrypoint, task
-from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
-from langgraph.pregel._task_status import read_task_statuses
-from langgraph.types import Command, Durability, Interrupt, Send, interrupt
-
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
-
-NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS = pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.version_info < (3, 11),
-    reason="Python 3.11+ is required for async contextvars support",
-)
-
-
-class State(TypedDict, total=False):
-    log: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
-    count: int
-
-
-def _config() -> dict[str, Any]:
-    return {"configurable": {"thread_id": str(uuid.uuid4())}}
-
-
-def _build_parallel(
-    checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-    calls: Counter[str],
-    *,
-    a_questions: int = 1,
-    a_returns: Any = "log",
-):
-    """Build a graph where nodes `a` and `b` start in parallel and both ask questions.
-
-    `a` asks `a_questions` questions in a row. `a_returns` controls what `a`
-    returns after its last answer. The default `"log"` returns the answers in
-    `log`. Any other value is returned as-is.
-    """
-
-    def a(state: State) -> Any:
-        calls["a"] += 1
-        answers = [interrupt(f"A{i + 1}") for i in range(a_questions)]
-        if a_returns == "log":
-            return {"log": [f"a:{answer}" for answer in answers]}
-        return a_returns
-
-    def b(state: State) -> State:
-        calls["b"] += 1
-        return {"log": [f"b:{interrupt('B')}"]}
-
-    builder = StateGraph(State)
-    builder.add_node("a", a)
-    builder.add_node("b", b)
-    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
-    builder.add_edge(START, "b")
-    builder.add_edge("a", END)
-    builder.add_edge("b", END)
-    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
-
-
-def _interrupt_by_value(snapshot: Any, value: str) -> Interrupt:
-    return next(i for i in snapshot.interrupts if i.value == value)
-
-
-def _task(snapshot: Any, name: str) -> Any:
-    return next(t for t in snapshot.tasks if t.name == name)
-
-
-def _interrupt_values(interrupts: Any) -> list[str]:
-    return sorted(i.value for i in interrupts)
-
-
-# --- Task A answered and finished, task B still paused ---
-
-
-def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["A1", "B"]
-
-    graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}),
-        config,
-        durability=durability,
-    )
-
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["B"]
-    assert snapshot.next == ("b",)
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").interrupts == ()
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").result == {"log": ["a:yes"]}
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(snapshot, "b").interrupts) == ["B"]
-    assert _task(snapshot, "b").result is None
-
-    # Reading the same checkpoint by id gives the record of the step: every task
-    # in it, and every question asked, including the one A already answered.
-    record = graph.get_state(snapshot.config)
-    assert sorted(record.next) == ["a", "b"]
-    assert _interrupt_values(record.interrupts) == ["A1", "B"]
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(record, "a").interrupts) == ["A1"]
-    assert _task(record, "a").result == {"log": ["a:yes"]}
-
-    # B can still be answered, and the graph finishes normally.
-    result = graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}),
-        config,
-        durability=durability,
-    )
-    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
-    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert snapshot.next == ()
-    assert snapshot.interrupts == ()
-
-    # History still shows where each question was asked.
-    asked = [
-        _interrupt_values(s.interrupts)
-        for s in graph.get_state_history(config)
-        if s.interrupts
-    ]
-    if durability != "exit":
-        assert asked == [["A1", "B"]]
-
-
-@NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
-async def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt_async(
-    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(async_checkpointer, calls)
-    config = _config()
-
-    await graph.ainvoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = await graph.aget_state(config)
-    await graph.ainvoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}), config
-    )
-
-    snapshot = await graph.aget_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["B"]
-    assert snapshot.next == ("b",)
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").interrupts == ()
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").result == {"log": ["a:yes"]}
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(snapshot, "b").interrupts) == ["B"]
-
-    record = await graph.aget_state(snapshot.config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(record.interrupts) == ["A1", "B"]
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(record, "a").interrupts) == ["A1"]
-
-    result = await graph.ainvoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}), config
-    )
-    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
-    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
-
-
-# --- Task A answered its first question and asked a second one ---
-
-
-def test_task_paused_at_second_question_stays_pending(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls, a_questions=2)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "one"}), config
-    )
-
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["A2", "B"]
-    # A is not finished: it has a saved answer, but no output.
-    assert sorted(snapshot.next) == ["a", "b"]
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(snapshot, "a").interrupts) == ["A2"]
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").result is None
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(snapshot, "b").interrupts) == ["B"]
-
-    # Both remaining questions can be answered together.
-    result = graph.invoke(
-        Command(
-            resume={
-                _interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A2").id: "two",
-                _interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok",
-            }
-        ),
-        config,
-    )
-    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:one", "a:two", "b:ok"]
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert snapshot.next == ()
-    assert snapshot.interrupts == ()
-
-
-@NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
-async def test_task_paused_at_second_question_stays_pending_async(
-    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(async_checkpointer, calls, a_questions=2)
-    config = _config()
-
-    await graph.ainvoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = await graph.aget_state(config)
-    await graph.ainvoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "one"}), config
-    )
-
-    snapshot = await graph.aget_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["A2", "B"]
-    assert sorted(snapshot.next) == ["a", "b"]
-    assert _interrupt_values(_task(snapshot, "a").interrupts) == ["A2"]
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").result is None
-
-
-def test_task_paused_at_second_question_then_other_task_finishes(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls, a_questions=2)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "one"}), config
-    )
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    graph.invoke(Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}), config)
-
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["A2"]
-    assert snapshot.next == ("a",)
-    assert _task(snapshot, "b").interrupts == ()
-    assert _task(snapshot, "b").result == {"log": ["b:ok"]}
-
-    result = graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A2").id: "two"}), config
-    )
-    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:one", "a:two", "b:ok"]
-
-
-def test_resume_without_id_rejected_when_second_question_and_other_task_pending(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls, a_questions=2)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "one"}), config
-    )
-
-    # A2 and B are both waiting, so a resume value without an id is ambiguous.
-    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="multiple pending interrupts"):
-        graph.invoke(Command(resume="ambiguous"), config)
-
-
-def test_resume_without_id_rejected_when_subgraph_has_parallel_interrupts(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    # A subgraph node whose child graph pauses in two parallel nodes records
-    # both interrupts under one parent task. Both count as pending, so a resume
-    # value without an id is ambiguous. (Before, only the first was counted and
-    # the value went to whichever interrupt consumed it first.)
-    child_builder = StateGraph(State)
-    child_builder.add_node("a", lambda s: {"log": [f"a:{interrupt('A')}"]})
-    child_builder.add_node("b", lambda s: {"log": [f"b:{interrupt('B')}"]})
-    child_builder.add_edge(START, "a")
-    child_builder.add_edge(START, "b")
-
-    builder = StateGraph(State)
-    builder.add_node("child", child_builder.compile())
-    builder.add_edge(START, "child")
-    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["A", "B"]
-
-    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="multiple pending interrupts"):
-        graph.invoke(Command(resume="ambiguous"), config)
-
-    result = graph.invoke(
-        Command(
-            resume={
-                _interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A").id: "x",
-                _interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "y",
-            }
-        ),
-        config,
-    )
-    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:x", "b:y"]
-
-
-# --- Task A finished with an empty or falsy result ---
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "a_returns",
-    [None, {}, {"count": 0}, {"log": []}],
-    ids=["none", "empty_dict", "zero", "empty_list"],
-)
-def test_task_finished_with_falsy_result(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, a_returns: Any
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls, a_returns=a_returns)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}), config
-    )
-
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["B"]
-    assert snapshot.next == ("b",)
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").interrupts == ()
-
-    graph.invoke(Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}), config)
-    # A already finished, so resuming B must not run A again.
-    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert snapshot.next == ()
-    assert snapshot.interrupts == ()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("a_returns", [None, {"count": 0}], ids=["none", "zero"])
-@NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
-async def test_task_finished_with_falsy_result_async(
-    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, a_returns: Any
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-    graph = _build_parallel(async_checkpointer, calls, a_returns=a_returns)
-    config = _config()
-
-    await graph.ainvoke({"log": []}, config)
-    snapshot = await graph.aget_state(config)
-    await graph.ainvoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}), config
-    )
-
-    snapshot = await graph.aget_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["B"]
-    assert snapshot.next == ("b",)
-    assert _task(snapshot, "a").interrupts == ()
-
-    await graph.ainvoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}), config
-    )
-    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
-
-
-# --- Subgraphs and the functional API ---
-
-
-def test_parallel_subgraphs_report_only_pending_interrupts(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    class ChildState(TypedDict):
-        prompt: str
-        answers: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
-
-    def ask(state: ChildState) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        return {"answers": [interrupt(state["prompt"])]}
-
-    child_builder = StateGraph(ChildState)
-    child_builder.add_node("ask", ask)
-    child_builder.add_edge(START, "ask")
-    child = child_builder.compile()
-
-    class ParentState(TypedDict):
-        answers: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
-
-    builder = StateGraph(ParentState)
-    builder.add_node("child", child)
-    builder.add_conditional_edges(
-        START,
-        lambda _: [Send("child", {"prompt": p, "answers": []}) for p in ("a", "b")],
-        ["child"],
-    )
-    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
-    config = _config()
-
-    graph.invoke({"answers": []}, config)
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["a", "b"]
-    graph.invoke(Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "a").id: "x"}), config)
-
-    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["b"]
-    assert snapshot.next == ("child",)
-    finished = next(t for t in snapshot.tasks if t.result is not None)
-    assert finished.interrupts == ()
-    assert finished.result == {"answers": ["x"]}
-
-    result = graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "b").id: "y"}), config
-    )
-    assert sorted(result["answers"]) == ["x", "y"]
-
-
-def test_functional_task_finished_with_none_is_not_rerun(
-    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
-) -> None:
-    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
-
-    @task
-    def ask_a() -> None:
-        calls["a"] += 1
-        interrupt("A")
-
-    @task
-    def ask_b() -> str:
-        calls["b"] += 1
-        return interrupt("B")
-
-    @entrypoint(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
-    def workflow(_: Any) -> list[Any]:
-        a, b = ask_a(), ask_b()
-        return [a.result(), b.result()]
-
-    config = _config()
-    workflow.invoke(1, config)
-    snapshot = workflow.get_state(config)
-    workflow.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A").id: "x"}), config
-    )
-
-    snapshot = workflow.get_state(config)
-    assert _interrupt_values(snapshot.interrupts) == ["B"]
-
-    result = workflow.invoke(
-        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "y"}), config
-    )
-    assert result == [None, "y"]
-    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
-
-
-# --- Reading task status from recorded writes ---
-
-
-def test_read_task_statuses() -> None:
-    a1 = Interrupt(value="A1", id="a")
-    a2 = Interrupt(value="A2", id="a")
-    b = Interrupt(value="B", id="b")
-    error = ValueError("boom")
-
-    statuses = read_task_statuses(
-        [
-            # answered and finished: old interrupt stays recorded
-            ("finished", INTERRUPT, (a1,)),
-            ("finished", RESUME, ["yes"]),
-            ("finished", "log", ["a:yes"]),
-            # answered once, then paused at a second question
-            ("paused", INTERRUPT, (a2,)),
-            ("paused", RESUME, ["one"]),
-            # finished with no output
-            ("no_output", INTERRUPT, (b,)),
-            ("no_output", RESUME, ["ok"]),
-            ("no_output", NO_WRITES, None),
-            # functional task that returned None
-            ("returned_none", RETURN, None),
-            # failed
-            ("failed", ERROR, error),
-            # not a task
-            (NULL_TASK_ID, RESUME, "global"),
-        ]
-    )
-
-    assert set(statuses) == {
-        "finished",
-        "paused",
-        "no_output",
-        "returned_none",
-        "failed",
-    }
-
-    assert statuses["finished"].finished
-    assert statuses["finished"].interrupts == (a1,)
-    assert statuses["finished"].pending_interrupts == ()
-    assert statuses["finished"].output == (("log", ["a:yes"]),)
-
-    assert not statuses["paused"].finished
-    assert statuses["paused"].interrupts == (a2,)
-    assert statuses["paused"].pending_interrupts == (a2,)
-    assert statuses["paused"].output == ()
-
-    assert statuses["no_output"].finished
-    assert statuses["no_output"].interrupts == (b,)
-    assert statuses["no_output"].pending_interrupts == ()
-
-    assert statuses["returned_none"].finished
-    assert statuses["returned_none"].output == ((RETURN, None),)
-
-    assert not statuses["failed"].finished
-    assert statuses["failed"].error is error
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