Merge branch 'main' into wfh/docs/memstoreconcept

Relative
Update the common dims table
2026-08-27 01:52:25 +02:00 · 2024-12-04 08:58:40 -08:00 · 2024-12-04 07:06:12 -08:00 · 2024-12-04 06:53:55 -08:00 · 2024-12-04 06:49:29 -08:00 · 2024-12-04 06:45:23 -08:00
128 changed files with 19285 additions and 28092 deletions
@@ -7,29 +7,35 @@ body:
      value: >
        Thank you for taking the time to file a bug report. 
        
-        Use this to report BUGS in LangGraph. For usage questions, feature requests and general design questions, please use [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/discussions).
+        Use this to report bugs in LangChain. 
+        
+        If you're not certain that your issue is due to a bug in LangChain, please use [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/discussions)
+        to ask for help with your issue.
        
        Relevant links to check before filing a bug report to see if your issue has already been reported, fixed or
        if there's another way to solve your problem:
        
-        [LangGraph Github Discussions](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/discussions),
-        [LangGraph Github Issues](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/issues),
-        [LangGraph how-to guides](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/how-tos/).
+        [LangGraph documentation](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/).
        [LangChain documentation with the integrated search](https://python.langchain.com/docs/get_started/introduction),
        [GitHub search](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph),
+        [LangChain Github Discussions](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/discussions),
+        [LangChain Github Issues](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/issues),
+        [LangChain ChatBot](https://chat.langchain.com/)
  - type: checkboxes
    id: checks
    attributes:
      label: Checked other resources
-      description: Before submitting this issue, please confirm that you have completed all the steps below by checking each option. These steps help ensure your issue is well-defined, relevant, and actionable.
+      description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
      options:
-        - label: This is a bug, not a usage question. For questions, please use GitHub Discussions.
+        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
          required: true
-        - label: I added a clear and detailed title that summarizes the issue.
+        - label: I searched the [LangGraph](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/)/LangChain documentation with the integrated search.
          required: true
-        - label: I read what a minimal reproducible example is (https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example).
+        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar question and didn't find it.
          required: true
-        - label: I included a self-contained, minimal example that demonstrates the issue INCLUDING all the relevant imports. The code run AS IS to reproduce the issue.
+        - label: I am sure that this is a bug in LangGraph/LangChain rather than my code.
+          required: true
+        - label: I am sure this is better as an issue [rather than a GitHub discussion](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/discussions/new/choose), since this is a LangGraph bug and not a design question.
          required: true
  - type: textarea
    id: reproduction
@@ -39,6 +45,14 @@ body:
      label: Example Code
      description: |
        Please add a self-contained, [minimal, reproducible, example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example) with your use case.
+        
+        If a maintainer can copy it, run it, and see it right away, there's a much higher chance that you'll be able to get help.
+        
+        **Important!** 
+        
+        * Reduce your code to the minimum required to reproduce the issue if possible. This makes it much easier for others to help you.
+        * Avoid screenshots when possible, as they are hard to read and (more importantly) don't allow others to copy-and-paste your code.
+
      placeholder: |
        from langgraph.graph import StateGraph

@@ -78,8 +92,25 @@ body:
    attributes:
      label: System Info
      description: |
+        Please share your system info with us. 
+        
+        "pip freeze | grep langchain" 
+        platform (windows / linux / mac)
+        python version
+        
+        OR if you're on a recent version of langchain-core you can paste the output of:
+        
        python -m langchain_core.sys_info
      placeholder: |
+        "pip freeze | grep langgraph"
+        platform
+        python version
+        
+        Alternatively, if you're on a recent version of langchain-core you can paste the output of:
+        
        python -m langchain_core.sys_info
+        
+        These will only surface LangChain packages, don't forget to include any other relevant
+        packages you're using (if you're not sure what's relevant, you can paste the entire output of `pip freeze`).
    validations:
      required: true
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
          cache-key: lint-${{ inputs.working-directory }}

      - name: Check Poetry File
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
          cache-key: test-${{ inputs.working-directory }}
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
        env:
          LANGGRAPH_FF_SEND_V2: ${{ matrix.ff-send-v2 }}
        run: |
-          make test_parallel
+          make test

      - name: Ensure the tests did not create any additional files
        shell: bash
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
          cache-key: release

      # We want to keep this build stage *separate* from the release stage,
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
          cache-key: release

      # We want to keep this build stage *separate* from the release stage,
@@ -168,6 +169,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}

      - name: Import published package
        shell: bash
@@ -254,6 +256,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
          cache-key: release

      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
@@ -295,6 +298,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
          poetry-version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
          cache-key: release

      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
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@@ -1 +1 @@
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@@ -1 +1 @@
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@@ -1 +1 @@
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
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ from langgraph_sdk import get_client

 async def search_store():
    client = get_client()
-    results = await client.store.search_items(
-        ("memory", "facts"),
+    results = await client.store.search(
+        namespace=("memory", "facts"),
        query="your search query",
        limit=3  # number of results to return
    )
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ Dependencies can optionally be specified in one of the following files: `pyproje
 The dependencies below will be included in the image, you can also use them in your code, as long as with a compatible version range:

 ```
-langgraph>=0.2.56,<0.3.0
-langgraph-checkpoint>=2.0.5,<3.0
+langgraph>=0.2.30,<0.3.0
+langgraph-checkpoint>=1.0.14
 langchain-core>=0.2.38,<0.4.0
 langsmith>=0.1.63
 orjson>=3.9.7
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ Dependencies can optionally be specified in one of the following files: `pyproje
 The dependencies below will be included in the image, you can also use them in your code, as long as with a compatible version range:

 ```
-langgraph>=0.2.56,<0.3.0
-langgraph-checkpoint>=2.0.5,<3.0
+langgraph>=0.2.30,<0.3.0
+langgraph-checkpoint>=1.0.14
 langchain-core>=0.2.38,<0.4.0
 langsmith>=0.1.63
 orjson>=3.9.7
@@ -134,11 +134,6 @@ langgraph [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]

 Run LangGraph API server in development mode with hot reloading and debugging capabilities. This lightweight server requires no Docker installation and is suitable for development and testing. State is persisted to a local directory.

-!!! note "Python only"
-
-    Currently, the CLI only supports Python >= 3.11.
-    JS support is coming soon.
-
 **Installation**

 This command requires the "inmem" extra to be installed:
@@ -258,4 +253,3 @@ RUN set -ex && \
 RUN PIP_CONFIG_FILE=/pipconfig.txt PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 pip install --no-cache-dir -c /api/constraints.txt -e /deps/*

 ENV LANGSERVE_GRAPHS='{"agent": "/deps/__outer_graphs/src/agent.py:graph", "storm": "/deps/__outer_graphs/src/storm.py:graph"}'
-```
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-# Breakpoints
-
-Breakpoints pause graph execution at specific points and enable stepping through execution step by step. Breakpoints are powered by LangGraph's [**persistence layer**](./persistence.md), which saves the state after each graph step. Breakpoints can also be used to enable [**human-in-the-loop**](./human_in_the_loop.md) workflows, though we recommend using the [`interrupt` function](./human_in_the_loop.md#interrupt) for this purpose.
-
-## Requirements
-
-To use breakpoints, you will need to:
-
-1. [**Specify a checkpointer**](persistence.md#checkpoints) to save the graph state after each step.
-2. [**Set breakpoints**](#setting-breakpoints) to specify where execution should pause.
-3. **Run the graph** with a [**thread ID**](./persistence.md#threads) to pause execution at the breakpoint.
-4. **Resume execution** using `invoke`/`ainvoke`/`stream`/`astream` (see [**The `Command` primitive**](./human_in_the_loop.md#the-command-primitive)).
-
-## Setting breakpoints
-
-There are two places where you can set breakpoints:
-
-1. **Before** or **after** a node executes by setting breakpoints at **compile time** or **run time**. We call these [**static breakpoints**](#static-breakpoints).
-2. **Inside** a node using the [`NodeInterrupt` exception](#nodeinterrupt-exception).
- 
-### Static breakpoints
-
-Static breakpoints are triggered either **before** or **after** a node executes. You can set static breakpoints by specifying `interrupt_before` and `interrupt_after` at **"compile" time** or **run time**.
-
-=== "Compile time"
-
-    ```python
-    graph = graph_builder.compile(
-        interrupt_before=["node_a"], 
-        interrupt_after=["node_b", "node_c"],
-        checkpointer=..., # Specify a checkpointer
-    )
-
-    thread_config = {
-        "configurable": {
-            "thread_id": "some_thread"
-        }
-    }
-
-    # Run the graph until the breakpoint
-    graph.invoke(inputs, config=thread_config)
-
-    # Optionally update the graph state based on user input
-    graph.update_state(update, config=thread_config)
-
-    # Resume the graph
-    graph.invoke(None, config=thread_config)
-    ```
-
-=== "Run time"
-
-    ```python
-    graph.invoke(
-        inputs, 
-        config={"configurable": {"thread_id": "some_thread"}}, 
-        interrupt_before=["node_a"], 
-        interrupt_after=["node_b", "node_c"]
-    )
-
-    thread_config = {
-        "configurable": {
-            "thread_id": "some_thread"
-        }
-    }
-
-    # Run the graph until the breakpoint
-    graph.invoke(inputs, config=thread_config)
-
-    # Optionally update the graph state based on user input
-    graph.update_state(update, config=thread_config)
-
-    # Resume the graph
-    graph.invoke(None, config=thread_config)
-    ```
-
-    !!! note
-
-        You cannot set static breakpoints at runtime for **sub-graphs**.
-        If you have a sub-graph, you must set the breakpoints at compilation time.
-
-Static breakpoints can be especially useful for debugging if you want to step through the graph execution one
-node at a time or if you want to pause the graph execution at specific nodes.
-
-### `NodeInterrupt` exception
-
-We recommend that you [**use the `interrupt` function instead**](#the-interrupt-function) of the `NodeInterrupt` exception if you're trying to implement
-[human-in-the-loop](./human_in_the_loop.md) workflows. The `interrupt` function is easier to use and more flexible.
-
-??? node "`NodeInterrupt` exception"
-
-    The developer can define some *condition* that must be met for a breakpoint to be triggered. This concept of [dynamic breakpoints](./low_level.md#dynamic-breakpoints) is useful when the developer wants to halt the graph under *a particular condition*. This uses a `NodeInterrupt`, which is a special type of exception that can be raised from within a node based upon some condition. As an example, we can define a dynamic breakpoint that triggers when the `input` is longer than 5 characters.
-
-    ```python
-    def my_node(state: State) -> State:
-        if len(state['input']) > 5:
-            raise NodeInterrupt(f"Received input that is longer than 5 characters: {state['input']}")
-
-        return state
-    ```
-
-
-    Let's assume we run the graph with an input that triggers the dynamic breakpoint and then attempt to resume the graph execution simply by passing in `None` for the input.
-
-    ```python
-    # Attempt to continue the graph execution with no change to state after we hit the dynamic breakpoint 
-    for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-        print(event)
-    ```
-
-    The graph will *interrupt* again because this node will be *re-run* with the same graph state. We need to change the graph state such that the condition that triggers the dynamic breakpoint is no longer met. So, we can simply edit the graph state to an input that meets the condition of our dynamic breakpoint (< 5 characters) and re-run the node.
-
-    ```python 
-    # Update the state to pass the dynamic breakpoint
-    graph.update_state(config=thread_config, values={"input": "foo"})
-    for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-        print(event)
-    ```
-
-    Alternatively, what if we want to keep our current input and skip the node (`my_node`) that performs the check? To do this, we can simply perform the graph update with `as_node="my_node"` and pass in `None` for the values. This will make no update the graph state, but run the update as `my_node`, effectively skipping the node and bypassing the dynamic breakpoint.
-
-    ```python
-    # This update will skip the node `my_node` altogether
-    graph.update_state(config=thread_config, values=None, as_node="my_node")
-    for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-        print(event)
-    ```
-
-## Additional Resources 📚
-
- [**Conceptual Guide: Persistence**](persistence.md): Read the persistence guide for more context about persistence.
- [**Conceptual Guide: Human-in-the-loop**](human_in_the_loop.md): Read the human-in-the-loop guide for more context on integrating human feedback into LangGraph applications using breakpoints.
- [**How to View and Update Past Graph State**](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb): Step-by-step instructions for working with graph state that demonstrate the **replay** and **fork** actions.
@@ -1,664 +1,322 @@
 # Human-in-the-loop

-!!! tip "This guide uses the new `interrupt` function."
+Human-in-the-loop (or "on-the-loop") enhances agent capabilities through several common user interaction patterns.

-    As of LangGraph 0.2.57, the recommended way to set breakpoints is using the [`interrupt` function][langgraph.types.interrupt] as it simplifies **human-in-the-loop** patterns.
+Common interaction patterns include:

-    If you're looking for the previous version of this conceptual guide, which relied on static breakpoints and `NodeInterrupt` exception, it is available [here](v0-human-in-the-loop.md). 
+(1) `Approval` - We can interrupt our agent, surface the current state to a user, and allow the user to accept an action. 

-A **human-in-the-loop** (or "on-the-loop") workflow integrates human input into automated processes, allowing for decisions, validation, or corrections at key stages. This is especially useful in **LLM-based applications**, where the underlying model may generate occasional inaccuracies. In low-error-tolerance scenarios like compliance, decision-making, or content generation, human involvement ensures reliability by enabling review, correction, or override of model outputs.
+(2) `Editing` - We can interrupt our agent, surface the current state to a user, and allow the user to edit the agent state. 

+(3) `Input` - We can explicitly create a graph node to collect human input and pass that input directly to the agent state.

-## Use cases
+Use-cases for these interaction patterns include:

-Key use cases for **human-in-the-loop** workflows in LLM-based applications include:
+(1) `Reviewing tool calls` - We can interrupt an agent to review and edit the results of tool calls.

-1. [**🛠️ Reviewing tool calls**](#review-tool-calls): Humans can review, edit, or approve tool calls requested by the LLM before tool execution.
-2. **✅ Validating LLM outputs**: Humans can review, edit, or approve content generated by the LLM.
-3. **💡 Providing context**: Enable the LLM to explicitly request human input for clarification or additional details or to support multi-turn conversations.
+(2) `Time Travel` - We can manually re-play and / or fork past actions of an agent.

-## `interrupt`
+## Persistence

-The [`interrupt` function][langgraph.types.interrupt] in LangGraph enables human-in-the-loop workflows by pausing the graph at a specific node, presenting information to a human, and resuming the graph with their input. This function is useful for tasks like approvals, edits, or collecting additional input. The [`interrupt` function][langgraph.types.interrupt] is used in conjunction with the [`Command`](../reference/types.md#langgraph.types.Command) object to resume the graph with a value provided by the human.
+All of these interaction patterns are enabled by LangGraph's built-in [persistence](./persistence.md) layer, which will write a checkpoint of the graph state at each step. Persistence allows the graph to stop so that a human can review and / or edit the current state of the graph and then resume with the human's input.
+
+### Breakpoints
+
+Adding a [breakpoint](./low_level.md#breakpoints) a specific location in the graph flow is one way to enable human-in-the-loop. In this case, the developer knows *where* in the workflow human input is needed and simply places a breakpoint prior to or following that particular graph node.
+
+Here, we compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint at the node we want to interrupt before, `step_for_human_in_the_loop`. We then perform one of the above interaction patterns, which will create a new checkpoint if a human edits the graph state. The new checkpoint is saved to the `thread` and we can resume the graph execution from there by passing in `None` as the input.

 ```python
-from langgraph.types import interrupt
+# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before "step_for_human_in_the_loop"
+graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["step_for_human_in_the_loop"])

-def human_node(state: State):
-    value = interrupt(
-        # Any JSON serializable value to surface to the human.
-        # For example, a question or a piece of text or a set of keys in the state
-        some_data
-    )
-    ...
-    # Update the state with the human's input or route the graph based on the input.
-    ...
-
-graph = graph_builder.compile(
-    checkpointer=checkpointer # Required for `interrupt` to work
-)
-
-# Run the graph until the interrupt
-thread_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "some_id"}}
-graph.invoke(some_input, config=thread_config)
+# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
+thread_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
    
-# Resume the graph with the human's input
-graph.invoke(Command(resume=value_from_human), config=thread_config)
+# Perform some action that requires human in the loop
+
+# Continue the graph execution from the current checkpoint 
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-## Requirements
+### Dynamic Breakpoints

-To use `interrupt` in your graph, you need to:
-
-1. [**Specify a checkpointer**](persistence.md#checkpoints) to save the graph state after each step.
-2. **Call `interrupt()`** in the appropriate place. See the [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) section for examples.
-3. **Run the graph** with a [**thread ID**](./persistence.md#threads) until the `interrupt` is hit.
-4. **Resume execution** using `invoke`/`ainvoke`/`stream`/`astream` (see [**The `Command` primitive**](#the-command-primitive)).
-
-## Design Patterns
-
-There are typically three different **actions** that you can do with a human-in-the-loop workflow:
-
-1. **Approve or Reject**: Pause the graph before a critical step, such as an API call, to review and approve the action. If the action is rejected, you can prevent the graph from executing the step, and potentially take an alternative action. This pattern often involve **routing** the graph based on the human's input.
-2. **Edit Graph State**: Pause the graph to review and edit the graph state. This is useful for correcting mistakes or updating the state with additional information. This pattern often involves **updating** the state with the human's input.
-3. **Get Input**: Explicitly request human input at a particular step in the graph. This is useful for collecting additional information or context to inform the agent's decision-making process or for supporting **multi-turn conversations**.
-
-Below we show different design patterns that can be implemented using these **actions**.
-
-### Approve or Reject
-
-<figure markdown="1">
-![image](img/human_in_the_loop/approve-or-reject.png){: style="max-height:400px"}
-<figcaption>Depending on the human's approval or rejection, the graph can proceed with the action or take an alternative path.</figcaption>
-</figure>
-
-Pause the graph before a critical step, such as an API call, to review and approve the action. If the action is rejected, you can prevent the graph from executing the step, and potentially take an alternative action.
+Alternatively, the developer can define some *condition* that must be met for a breakpoint to be triggered. This concept of [dynamic breakpoints](./low_level.md#dynamic-breakpoints) is useful when the developer wants to halt the graph under *a particular condition*. This uses a `NodeInterrupt`, which is a special type of exception that can be raised from within a node based upon some condition. As an example, we can define a dynamic breakpoint that triggers when the `input` is longer than 5 characters.

 ```python
-
-from typing import Literal
-from langgraph.types import interrupt, Command
-
-def human_approval(state: State) -> Command[Literal["some_node", "another_node"]]:
-    is_approved = interrupt(
-        {
-            "question": "Is this correct?",
-            # Surface the output that should be
-            # reviewed and approved by the human.
-            "llm_output": state["llm_output"]
-        }
-    )
-
-    if is_approved:
-        return Command(goto="some_node")
-    else:
-        return Command(goto="another_node")
-
-# Add the node to the graph in an appropriate location
-# and connect it to the relevant nodes.
-graph_builder.add_node("human_approval", human_approval)
-graph = graph_builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
-
-# After running the graph and hitting the interrupt, the graph will pause.
-# Resume it with either an approval or rejection.
-thread_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "some_id"}}
-graph.invoke(Command(resume=True), config=thread_config)
+def my_node(state: State) -> State:
+    if len(state['input']) > 5:
+        raise NodeInterrupt(f"Received input that is longer than 5 characters: {state['input']}")
+    return state
 ```

-See [how to review tool calls](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/review-tool-calls.ipynb) for a more detailed example.
-
-### Review & Edit State
-
-<figure markdown="1">
-![image](img/human_in_the_loop/edit-graph-state-simple.png){: style="max-height:400px"}
-<figcaption>A human can review and edit the state of the graph. This is useful for correcting mistakes or updating the state with additional information.
-</figcaption>
-</figure>
+Let's assume we run the graph with an input that triggers the dynamic breakpoint and then attempt to resume the graph execution simply by passing in `None` for the input. 

 ```python
-from langgraph.types import interrupt
-
-def human_editing(state: State):
-    ...
-    result = interrupt(
-        # Interrupt information to surface to the client.
-        # Can be any JSON serializable value.
-        {
-            "task": "Review the output from the LLM and make any necessary edits.",
-            "llm_generated_summary": state["llm_generated_summary"]
-        }
-    )
-
-    # Update the state with the edited text
-    return {
-        "llm_generated_summary": result["edited_text"] 
-    }
-
-# Add the node to the graph in an appropriate location
-# and connect it to the relevant nodes.
-graph_builder.add_node("human_editing", human_editing)
-graph = graph_builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
-
-...
-
-# After running the graph and hitting the interrupt, the graph will pause.
-# Resume it with the edited text.
-thread_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "some_id"}}
-graph.invoke(
-    Command(resume={"edited_text": "The edited text"}), 
-    config=thread_config
-)
+# Attempt to continue the graph execution with no change to state after we hit the dynamic breakpoint 
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-See [How to wait for user input using interrupt](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/wait-user-input.ipynb) for a more detailed example.
+The graph will *interrupt* again because this node will be *re-run* with the same graph state. We need to change the graph state such that the condition that triggers the dynamic breakpoint is no longer met. So, we can simply edit the graph state to an input that meets the condition of our dynamic breakpoint (< 5 characters) and re-run the node.

-### Review Tool Calls
+```python 
+# Update the state to pass the dynamic breakpoint
+graph.update_state(config=thread_config, values={"input": "foo"})
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+```

-<figure markdown="1">
-![image](img/human_in_the_loop/tool-call-review.png){: style="max-height:400px"}
-<figcaption>A human can review and edit the output from the LLM before proceeding. This is particularly
-critical in applications where the tool calls requested by the LLM may be sensitive or require human oversight.
-</figcaption>
-</figure>
+Alternatively, what if we want to keep our current input and skip the node (`my_node`) that performs the check? To do this, we can simply perform the graph update with `as_node="my_node"` and pass in `None` for the values. This will make no update the graph state, but run the update as `my_node`, effectively skipping the node and bypassing the dynamic breakpoint.

 ```python
-def human_review_node(state) -> Command[Literal["call_llm", "run_tool"]]:
-    # This is the value we'll be providing via Command(resume=<human_review>)
-    human_review = interrupt(
-        {
-            "question": "Is this correct?",
-            # Surface tool calls for review
-            "tool_call": tool_call
-        }
-    )
-
-    review_action, review_data = human_review
-
-    # Approve the tool call and continue
-    if review_action == "continue":
-        return Command(goto="run_tool")
-
-    # Modify the tool call manually and then continue
-    elif review_action == "update":
-        ...
-        updated_msg = get_updated_msg(review_data)
-        # Remember that to modify an existing message you will need
-        # to pass the message with a matching ID.
-        return Command(goto="run_tool", update={"messages": [updated_message]})
-
-    # Give natural language feedback, and then pass that back to the agent
-    elif review_action == "feedback":
-        ...
-        feedback_msg = get_feedback_msg(review_data)
-        return Command(goto="call_llm", update={"messages": [feedback_msg]})
+# This update will skip the node `my_node` altogether
+graph.update_state(config=thread_config, values=None, as_node="my_node")
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-See [how to review tool calls](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/review-tool-calls.ipynb) for a more detailed example.
+See [our guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/dynamic_breakpoints.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!

-### Multi-turn conversation
+## Interaction Patterns

-<figure markdown="1">
-![image](img/human_in_the_loop/multi-turn-conversation.png){: style="max-height:400px"}
-<figcaption>A <strong>multi-turn conversation</strong> architecture where an <strong>agent</strong> and <strong>human node</strong> cycle back and forth until the agent decides to hand off the conversation to another agent or another part of the system.
-</figcaption>
-</figure>
+### Approval

-A **multi-turn conversation** involves multiple back-and-forth interactions between an agent and a human, which can allow the agent to gather additional information from the human in a conversational manner.
+![](./img/human_in_the_loop/approval.png)

-This design pattern is useful in an LLM application consisting of [multiple agents](./multi_agent.md). One or more agents may need to carry out multi-turn conversations with a human, where the human provides input or feedback at different stages of the conversation. For simplicity, the agent implementation below is illustrated as a single node, but in reality 
-it may be part of a larger graph consisting of multiple nodes and include a conditional edge.
+Sometimes we want to approve certain steps in our agent's execution. 
+ 
+We can interrupt our agent at a [breakpoint](./low_level.md#breakpoints) prior to the step that we want to approve.

-=== "Using a human node per agent"
-
-    In this pattern, each agent has its own human node for collecting user input. 
-    This can be achieved by either naming the human nodes with unique names (e.g., "human for agent 1", "human for agent 2") or by
-    using subgraphs where a subgraph contains a human node and an agent node.
-
-    ```python
-    from langgraph.types import interrupt
-
-    def human_input(state: State):
-        human_message = interrupt("human_input")
-        return {
-            "messages": [
-                {
-                    "role": "human",
-                    "content": human_message
-                }
-            ]
-        }
-
-    def agent(state: State):
-        # Agent logic
-        ...
-
-    graph_builder.add_node("human_input", human_input)
-    graph_builder.add_edge("human_input", "agent")
-    graph = graph_builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
-
-    # After running the graph and hitting the interrupt, the graph will pause.
-    # Resume it with the human's input.
-    graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume="hello!"),
-        config=thread_config
-    )
-    ```
-
-
-=== "Sharing human node across multiple agents"
-
-    In this pattern, a single human node is used to collect user input for multiple agents. The active agent is determined from the state, so after human input is collected, the graph can route to the correct agent.
-
-    ```python
-    from langgraph.types import interrupt
-
-    def human_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["agent_1", "agent_2", ...]]:
-        """A node for collecting user input."""
-        user_input = interrupt(value="Ready for user input.")
-
-        # Determine the **active agent** from the state, so 
-        # we can route to the correct agent after collecting input.
-        # For example, add a field to the state or use the last active agent.
-        # or fill in `name` attribute of AI messages generated by the agents.
-        active_agent = ... 
-
-        return Command(
-            update={
-                "messages": [{
-                    "role": "human",
-                    "content": user_input,
-                }]
-            },
-            goto=active_agent,
-        )
-    ```
-
-See [how to implement multi-turn conversations](../how-tos/multi-agent-multi-turn-convo.ipynb) for a more detailed example.
-
-### Validating human input
-
-If you need to validate the input provided by the human within the graph itself (rather than on the client side), you can achieve this by using multiple interrupt calls within a single node.
+This is generally recommend for sensitive actions (e.g., using external APIs or writing to a database).
+ 
+With persistence, we can surface the current agent state as well as the next step to a user for review and approval. 
+ 
+If approved, the graph resumes execution from the last saved checkpoint, which is saved to the `thread`:

 ```python
-from langgraph.types import interrupt
+# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to approve
+graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["node_2"])

-def human_node(state: State):
-    """Human node with validation."""
-    question = "What is your age?"
+# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
+for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+    
+# ... Get human approval ...

-    while True:
-        answer = interrupt(question)
-
-        # Validate answer, if the answer isn't valid ask for input again.
-        if not isinstance(answer, int) or answer < 0:
-            question = f"'{answer} is not a valid age. What is your age?"
-            answer = None
-            continue
-        else:
-            # If the answer is valid, we can proceed.
-            break
-            
-    print(f"The human in the loop is {answer} years old.")
-    return {
-        "age": answer
-    }
+# If approved, continue the graph execution from the last saved checkpoint
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-## The `Command` primitive
+See [our guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/breakpoints.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!

-When using the `interrupt` function, the graph will pause at the interrupt and wait for user input.
+### Editing

-Graph execution can be resumed using the [Command](../reference/types.md#langgraph.types.Command) primitive which can be passed through the `invoke`, `ainvoke`, `stream` or `astream` methods.
+![](./img/human_in_the_loop/edit_graph_state.png)

-The `Command` primitive provides several options to control and modify the graph's state during resumption:
+Sometimes we want to review and edit the agent's state. 
+ 
+As with approval, we can interrupt our agent at a [breakpoint](./low_level.md#breakpoints) prior to the step we want to check. 
+ 
+We can surface the current state to a user and allow the user to edit the agent state.
+ 
+This can, for example, be used to correct the agent if it made a mistake (e.g., see the section on tool calling below).

-1. **Pass a value to the `interrupt`**: Provide data, such as a user's response, to the graph using `Command(resume=value)`. Execution resumes from the beginning of the node where the `interrupt` was used, however, this time the `interrupt(...)` call will return the value passed in the `Command(resume=value)` instead of pausing the graph.
+We can edit the graph state by forking the current checkpoint, which is saved to the `thread`.

-       ```python
-       # Resume graph execution with the user's input.
-       graph.invoke(Command(resume={"age": "25"}), thread_config)
-       ```
-
-2. **Update the graph state**: Modify the graph state using `Command(update=update)`. Note that resumption starts from the beginning of the node where the `interrupt` was used. Execution resumes from the beginning of the node where the `interrupt` was used, but with the updated state.
-
-      ```python
-      # Update the graph state and resume.
-      # You must provide a `resume` value if using an `interrupt`.
-      graph.invoke(Command(update={"foo": "bar"}, resume="Let's go!!!"), thread_config)
-      ```
-
-By leveraging `Command`, you can resume graph execution, handle user inputs, and dynamically adjust the graph's state.
-
-## Using with `invoke` and `ainvoke`
-
-When you use `stream` or `astream` to run the graph, you will receive an `Interrupt` event that let you know the `interrupt` was triggered. 
-
-`invoke` and `ainvoke` do not return the interrupt information. To access this information, you must use the [get_state](../reference/graphs.md#langgraph.graph.graph.CompiledGraph.get_state) method to retrieve the graph state after calling `invoke` or `ainvoke`.
+We can then proceed with the graph from our forked checkpoint as done before. 

 ```python
-# Run the graph up to the interrupt 
-result = graph.invoke(inputs, thread_config)
-# Get the graph state to get interrupt information.
-state = graph.get_state(thread_config)
-# Print the state values
-print(state.values)
-# Print the pending tasks
-print(state.tasks)
-# Resume the graph with the user's input.
-graph.invoke(Command(resume={"age": "25"}), thread_config)
+# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to review
+graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["node_2"])
+
+# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
+for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+    
+# Review the state, decide to edit it, and create a forked checkpoint with the new state
+graph.update_state(thread, {"state": "new state"})
+
+# Continue the graph execution from the forked checkpoint
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-```pycon
-{'foo': 'bar'} # State values
-(
-    PregelTask(
-        id='5d8ffc92-8011-0c9b-8b59-9d3545b7e553', 
-        name='node_foo', 
-        path=('__pregel_pull', 'node_foo'), 
-        error=None, 
-        interrupts=(Interrupt(value='value_in_interrupt', resumable=True, ns=['node_foo:5d8ffc92-8011-0c9b-8b59-9d3545b7e553'], when='during'),), state=None, 
-        result=None
-    ),
-) # Pending tasks. interrupts 
-```
+See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/edit-graph-state.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!

-## How does resuming from an interrupt work?
+### Input

-!!! warning
+![](./img/human_in_the_loop/wait_for_input.png)

-    Resuming from an `interrupt` is **different** from Python's `input()` function, where execution resumes from the exact point where the `input()` function was called.
+Sometimes we want to explicitly get human input at a particular step in the graph. 
+ 
+We can create a graph node designated for this (e.g., `human_input` in our example diagram).
+ 
+As with approval and editing, we can interrupt our agent at a [breakpoint](./low_level.md#breakpoints) prior to this node.
+ 
+We can then perform a state update that includes the human input, just as we did with editing state.

-A critical aspect of using `interrupt` is understanding how resuming works. When you resume execution after an `interrupt`, graph execution starts from the **beginning** of the **graph node** where the last `interrupt` was triggered.
+But, we add one thing: 

-**All** code from the beginning of the node to the `interrupt` will be re-executed.
+We can use `as_node=human_input` with the state update to specify that the state update *should be treated as a node*.
+
+The is subtle, but important: 
+
+With editing, the user makes a decision about whether or not to edit the graph state.
+
+With input, we explicitly define a node in our graph for collecting human input!
+
+The state update with the human input then runs *as this node*.

 ```python
-counter = 0
-def node(state: State):
-    # All the code from the beginning of the node to the interrupt will be re-executed
-    # when the graph resumes.
-    global counter
-    counter += 1
-    print(f"> Entered the node: {counter} # of times")
-    # Pause the graph and wait for user input.
-    answer = interrupt()
-    print("The value of counter is:", counter)
-    ...
+# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to to collect human input
+graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["human_input"])
+
+# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
+for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+    
+# Update the state with the user input as if it was the human_input node
+graph.update_state(thread, {"user_input": user_input}, as_node="human_input")
+
+# Continue the graph execution from the checkpoint created by the human_input node
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-Upon **resuming** the graph, the counter will be incremented a second time, resulting in the following output:
+See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/wait-user-input.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!

-```pycon
-> Entered the node: 2 # of times
-The value of counter is: 2
-```
+## Use-cases

-## Common Pitfalls
+### Reviewing Tool Calls

-### Side-effects
+Some user interaction patterns combine the above ideas.

-Place code with side effects, such as API calls, **after** the `interrupt` to avoid duplication, as these are re-triggered every time the node is resumed. 
+For example, many agents use [tool calling](https://python.langchain.com/docs/how_to/tool_calling/) to make decisions. 

-=== "Side effects before interrupt (BAD)"
+Tool calling presents a challenge because the agent must get two things right: 

-    This code will re-execute the API call another time when the node is resumed from
-    the `interrupt`.
+(1) The name of the tool to call 

-    This can be problematic if the API call is not idempotent or is just expensive.
+(2) The arguments to pass to the tool

-    ```python
-    from langgraph.types import interrupt
+Even if the tool call is correct, we may also want to apply discretion: 

-    def human_node(state: State):
-        """Human node with validation."""
-        api_call(...) # This code will be re-executed when the node is resumed.
-        answer = interrupt(question)
-    ```
+(3) The tool call may be a sensitive operation that we want to approve 

-=== "Side effects after interrupt (OK)"
-
-    ```python
-    from langgraph.types import interrupt
-
-    def human_node(state: State):
-        """Human node with validation."""
-        
-        answer = interrupt(question)
-        
-        api_call(answer) # OK as it's after the interrupt
-    ```
-
-=== "Side effects in a separate node (OK)"
-
-    ```python
-    from langgraph.types import interrupt
-
-    def human_node(state: State):
-        """Human node with validation."""
-        
-        answer = interrupt(question)
-        
-        return {
-            "answer": answer
-        }
-
-    def api_call_node(state: State):
-        api_call(...) # OK as it's in a separate node
-    ```
-
-### Subgraphs called as functions
-
-When invoking a subgraph [as a function](low_level.md#as-a-function), the **parent graph** will resume execution from the **beginning of the node** where the subgraph was invoked (and where an `interrupt` was triggered). Similarly, the **subgraph**, will resume from the **beginning of the node** where the `interrupt()` function was called.
-
-For example,
+With these points in mind, we can combine the above ideas to create a human-in-the-loop review of a tool call.

 ```python
-def node_in_parent_graph(state: State):
-    some_code()  # <-- This will re-execute when the subgraph is resumed.
-    # Invoke a subgraph as a function.
-    # The subgraph contains an `interrupt` call.
-    subgraph_result = subgraph.invoke(some_input)
-    ...
+# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to to review the tool call from the LLM 
+graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["human_review"])
+
+# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
+for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+    
+# Review the tool call and update it, if needed, as the human_review node
+graph.update_state(thread, {"tool_call": "updated tool call"}, as_node="human_review")
+
+# Otherwise, approve the tool call and proceed with the graph execution with no edits 
+
+# Continue the graph execution from either: 
+# (1) the forked checkpoint created by human_review or 
+# (2) the checkpoint saved when the tool call was originally made (no edits in human_review)
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
 ```

-??? "**Example: Parent and Subgraph Execution Flow**"
+See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/review-tool-calls.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!

-      Say we have a parent graph with 3 nodes:
+### Time Travel

-      **Parent Graph**: `node_1` → `node_2` (subgraph call) → `node_3`
+When working with agents, we often want closely examine their decision making process: 

-      And the subgraph has 3 nodes, where the second node contains an `interrupt`:
+(1) Even when they arrive a desired final result, the reasoning that led to that result is often important to examine.

-      **Subgraph**: `sub_node_1` → `sub_node_2` (`interrupt`) → `sub_node_3`
+(2) When agents make mistakes, it is often valuable to understand why.

-      When resuming the graph, the execution will proceed as follows:
+(3) In either of the above cases, it is useful to manually explore alternative decision making paths.

-      1. **Skip `node_1`** in the parent graph (already executed, graph state was saved in snapshot).
-      2. **Re-execute `node_2`** in the parent graph from the start.
-      3. **Skip `sub_node_1`** in the subgraph (already executed, graph state was saved in snapshot).
-      4. **Re-execute `sub_node_2`** in the subgraph from the beginning.
-      5. Continue with `sub_node_3` and subsequent nodes.
+Collectively, we call these debugging concepts `time-travel` and they are composed of `replaying` and `forking`.

-      Here is abbreviated example code that you can use to understand how subgraphs work with interrupts.
-      It counts the number of times each node is entered and prints the count.
+#### Replaying

-      ```python
-      import uuid
-      from typing import TypedDict
+![](./img/human_in_the_loop/replay.png)

-      from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
-      from langgraph.constants import START
-      from langgraph.types import interrupt, Command
-      from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
+Sometimes we want to simply replay past actions of an agent. 
+ 
+Above, we showed the case of executing an agent from the current state (or checkpoint) of the graph.

+We by simply passing in `None` for the input with a `thread`.

-      class State(TypedDict):
-         """The graph state."""
-         state_counter: int
+```
+thread = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+```

+Now, we can modify this to replay past actions from a *specific* checkpoint by passing in the checkpoint ID.

-      counter_node_in_subgraph = 0
+To get a specific checkpoint ID, we can easily get all of the checkpoints in the thread and filter to the one we want.

-      def node_in_subgraph(state: State):
-         """A node in the sub-graph."""
-         global counter_node_in_subgraph
-         counter_node_in_subgraph += 1  # This code will **NOT** run again!
-         print(f"Entered `node_in_subgraph` a total of {counter_node_in_subgraph} times")
+```python
+all_checkpoints = []
+for state in app.get_state_history(thread):
+    all_checkpoints.append(state)
+```

-      counter_human_node = 0
+Each checkpoint has a unique ID, which we can use to replay from a specific checkpoint.

-      def human_node(state: State):
-         global counter_human_node
-         counter_human_node += 1 # This code will run again!
-         print(f"Entered human_node in sub-graph a total of {counter_human_node} times")
-         answer = interrupt("what is your name?")
-         print(f"Got an answer of {answer}")
+Assume from reviewing the checkpoints that we want to replay from one, `xxx`.

+We just pass in the checkpoint ID when we run the graph.

-      checkpointer = MemorySaver()
+```python
+config = {'configurable': {'thread_id': '1', 'checkpoint_id': 'xxx'}}
+for event in graph.stream(None, config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+```
+ 
+Importantly, the graph knows which checkpoints have been previously executed. 

-      subgraph_builder = StateGraph(State)
-      subgraph_builder.add_node("some_node", node_in_subgraph)
-      subgraph_builder.add_node("human_node", human_node)
-      subgraph_builder.add_edge(START, "some_node")
-      subgraph_builder.add_edge("some_node", "human_node")
-      subgraph = subgraph_builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+So, it will re-play any previously executed nodes rather than re-executing them.

+See [this additional conceptual guide](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/persistence/#replay) for related context on replaying.

-      counter_parent_node = 0
+See see [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing time-travel!

-      def parent_node(state: State):
-         """This parent node will invoke the subgraph."""
-         global counter_parent_node
+#### Forking

-         counter_parent_node += 1 # This code will run again on resuming!
-         print(f"Entered `parent_node` a total of {counter_parent_node} times")
-  
-         # Please note that we're intentionally incrementing the state counter
-         # in the graph state as well to demonstrate that the subgraph update
-         # of the same key will not conflict with the parent graph (until
-         subgraph_state = subgraph.invoke(state)
-         return subgraph_state
+![](./img/human_in_the_loop/forking.png)

+Sometimes we want to fork past actions of an agent, and explore different paths through the graph.

-      builder = StateGraph(State)
-      builder.add_node("parent_node", parent_node)
-      builder.add_edge(START, "parent_node")
+`Editing`, as discussed above, is *exactly* how we do this for the *current* state of the graph! 

-      # A checkpointer must be enabled for interrupts to work!
-      checkpointer = MemorySaver()
-      graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+But, what if we want to fork *past* states of the graph?

-      config = {
-         "configurable": {
-            "thread_id": uuid.uuid4(),
-         }
-      }
+For example, let's say we want to edit a particular checkpoint, `xxx`.

-      for chunk in graph.stream({"state_counter": 1}, config):
-         print(chunk)
+We pass this `checkpoint_id` when we update the state of the graph.

-      print('--- Resuming ---')
+```python
+config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1", "checkpoint_id": "xxx"}}
+graph.update_state(config, {"state": "updated state"}, )
+```

-      for chunk in graph.stream(Command(resume="35"), config):
-         print(chunk)
-      ```
+This creates a new forked checkpoint, `xxx-fork`, which we can then run the graph from.

-      This will print out
+```python
+config = {'configurable': {'thread_id': '1', 'checkpoint_id': 'xxx-fork'}}
+for event in graph.stream(None, config, stream_mode="values"):
+    print(event)
+```

-      ```pycon
-      --- First invocation ---
-      In parent node: {'foo': 'bar'}
-      Entered `parent_node` a total of 1 times
-      Entered `node_in_subgraph` a total of 1 times
-      Entered human_node in sub-graph a total of 1 times
-      {'__interrupt__': (Interrupt(value='what is your name?', resumable=True, ns=['parent_node:0b23d72f-aaba-0329-1a59-ca4f3c8bad3b', 'human_node:25df717c-cb80-57b0-7410-44e20aac8f3c'], when='during'),)}
+See [this additional conceptual guide](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/persistence/#update-state) for related context on forking.

-      --- Resuming ---
-      In parent node: {'foo': 'bar'}
-      Entered `parent_node` a total of 2 times
-      Entered human_node in sub-graph a total of 2 times
-      Got an answer of 35
-      {'parent_node': None} 
-      ```
-
-
-
-### Using multiple interrupts
-
-Using multiple interrupts within a **single** node can be helpful for patterns like [validating human input](#validating-human-input). However, using multiple interrupts in the same node can lead to unexpected behavior if not handled carefully.
-
-When a node contains multiple interrupt calls, LangGraph keeps a list of resume values specific to the task executing the node. Whenever execution resumes, it starts at the beginning of the node. For each interrupt encountered, LangGraph checks if a matching value exists in the task's resume list. Matching is **strictly index-based**, so the order of interrupt calls within the node is critical.
-
-To avoid issues, refrain from dynamically changing the node's structure between executions. This includes adding, removing, or reordering interrupt calls, as such changes can result in mismatched indices. These problems often arise from unconventional patterns, such as mutating state via `Command(resume=..., update=SOME_STATE_MUTATION)` or relying on global variables to modify the node’s structure dynamically.
-
-??? "Example of incorrect code"
-
-    ```python
-    import uuid
-    from typing import TypedDict, Optional
-
-    from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
-    from langgraph.constants import START 
-    from langgraph.types import interrupt, Command
-    from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
-
-
-    class State(TypedDict):
-        """The graph state."""
-
-        age: Optional[str]
-        name: Optional[str]
-
-
-    def human_node(state: State):
-        if not state.get('name'):
-            name = interrupt("what is your name?")
-        else:
-            name = "N/A"
-
-        if not state.get('age'):
-            age = interrupt("what is your age?")
-        else:
-            age = "N/A"
-            
-        print(f"Name: {name}. Age: {age}")
-        
-        return {
-            "age": age,
-            "name": name,
-        }
-
-
-    builder = StateGraph(State)
-    builder.add_node("human_node", human_node)
-    builder.add_edge(START, "human_node")
-
-    # A checkpointer must be enabled for interrupts to work!
-    checkpointer = MemorySaver()
-    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
-
-    config = {
-        "configurable": {
-            "thread_id": uuid.uuid4(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    for chunk in graph.stream({"age": None, "name": None}, config):
-        print(chunk)
-
-    for chunk in graph.stream(Command(resume="John", update={"name": "foo"}), config):
-        print(chunk)
-    ```
-
-    ```pycon
-    {'__interrupt__': (Interrupt(value='what is your name?', resumable=True, ns=['human_node:3a007ef9-c30d-c357-1ec1-86a1a70d8fba'], when='during'),)}
-    Name: N/A. Age: John
-    {'human_node': {'age': 'John', 'name': 'N/A'}}
-    ```
-
-## Additional Resources 📚
-
- [**Conceptual Guide: Persistence**](persistence.md#replay): Read the persistence guide for more context on replaying.
- [**How to Guides: Human-in-the-loop**](../how-tos/index.md#human-in-the-loop): Learn how to implement human-in-the-loop workflows in LangGraph.
- [**How to implement multi-turn conversations**](../how-tos/multi-agent-multi-turn-convo.ipynb): Learn how to implement multi-turn conversations in LangGraph.
+See see [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing time-travel!
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ The conceptual guide does not cover step-by-step instructions or specific implem
 - [LangGraph Glossary](low_level.md): LangGraph workflows are designed as graphs, with nodes representing different components and edges representing the flow of information between them. This guide provides an overview of the key concepts associated with LangGraph graph primitives.
 - [Common Agentic Patterns](agentic_concepts.md): An agent uses an LLM to pick its own control flow to solve more complex problems! Agents are a key building block in many LLM applications. This guide explains the different types of agent architectures and how they can be used to control the flow of an application.
 - [Multi-Agent Systems](multi_agent.md): Complex LLM applications can often be broken down into multiple agents, each responsible for a different part of the application. This guide explains common patterns for building multi-agent systems.
- [Breakpoints](breakpoints.md): Breakpoints allow pausing the execution of a graph at specific points. Breakpoints allow stepping through graph execution for debugging purposes.
 - [Human-in-the-Loop](human_in_the_loop.md): Explains different ways of integrating human feedback into a LangGraph application.
- [Time Travel](time-travel.md): Time travel allows you to replay past actions in your LangGraph application to explore alternative paths and debug issues.
 - [Persistence](persistence.md): LangGraph has a built-in persistence layer, implemented through checkpointers. This persistence layer helps to support powerful capabilities like human-in-the-loop, memory, time travel, and fault-tolerance.
 - [Memory](memory.md): Memory in AI applications refers to the ability to process, store, and effectively recall information from past interactions. With memory, your agents can learn from feedback and adapt to users' preferences.  
 - [Streaming](streaming.md): Streaming is crucial for enhancing the responsiveness of applications built on LLMs. By displaying output progressively, even before a complete response is ready, streaming significantly improves user experience (UX), particularly when dealing with the latency of LLMs. 
@@ -33,11 +33,6 @@ The `langgraph build` command builds a Docker image for the [LangGraph API serve
 !!! note "New in version 0.1.55"
    The `langgraph dev` command was introduced in langgraph-cli version 0.1.55.

-!!! note "Python only"
-
-    Currently, the CLI only supports Python >= 3.11.
-    JS support is coming soon.
-
 The `langgraph dev` command starts a lightweight development server that requires no Docker installation. This server is ideal for rapid development and testing, with features like:

 - Hot reloading: Changes to your code are automatically detected and reloaded
@@ -21,18 +21,6 @@ See the [how-to guide](../cloud/deployment/cloud.md#create-new-deployment) for c
 | Development         | 1 CPU   | 1 GB       | Up to 1 container   |
 | Production          | 1 CPU   | 2 GB       | Up to 10 containers |

-## Autoscaling
-`Production` type deployments automatically scale up to 10 containers. Scaling is based on the current request load for a single container. Specifically, the autoscaling implementation scales the deployment so that each container is processing about 10 concurrent requests. For example... 
-
- If the deployment is processing 20 concurrent requests, the deployment will scale up from 1 container to 2 containers (20 requests / 2 containers = 10 requests per container).
- If a deployment of 2 containers is processing 10 requests, the deployment will scale down from 2 containers to 1 container (10 requests / 1 container = 10 requests per container).
-
-10 concurrent requests per container is the target threshold. However, 10 concurrent requests per container is not a hard limit. The number of concurrent requests can exceed 10 if there is a sudden burst of requests.
-
-Scale down actions are delayed for 30 minutes before any action is taken. In other words, if the autoscaling implementation decides to scale down a deployment, it will first wait for 30 minutes before scaling down. After 30 minutes, the concurrency metric is recomputed and the deployment will scale down if the concurrency metric has met the target threshold. Otherwise, the deployment remains scaled up. This "cool down" period ensures that deployments do not scale up and down too frequently.
-
-In the future, the autoscaling implementation may evolve to accommodate other metrics such as background run queue size.
-
 ## Revision

 A revision is an iteration of a [deployment](#deployment). When a new deployment is created, an initial revision is automatically created. To deploy new code changes or update environment variable configurations for a deployment, a new revision must be created. When a revision is created, a new container image is built automatically.
@@ -43,12 +31,6 @@ See the [how-to guide](../cloud/deployment/cloud.md#create-new-revision) for cre

 Infrastructure for [deployments](#deployment) and [revisions](#revision) are provisioned and deployed asynchronously. They are not deployed immediately after submission. Currently, deployment can take up to several minutes.

- When a new deployment is created, a new database is created for the deployment. Database creation is a one-time step. This step contributes to a longer deployment time for the initial revision of the deployment.
- When a subsequent revision is created for a deployment, there is no database creation step. The deployment time for a subsequent revision is significantly faster compared to the deployment time of the initial revision.
- The deployment process for each revision contains a build step, which can take up to a few minutes.
-
-!!! info "Database creation for `Development` type deployments takes longer than database creation for `Production` type deployments."
-
 ## Architecture

 !!! warning "Subject to Change"
@@ -58,6 +40,7 @@ A high-level diagram of a Cloud SaaS deployment.

 ![diagram](img/langgraph_cloud_architecture.png)

+
 ## Related

 - [Deployment Options](./deployment_options.md)
@@ -283,9 +283,6 @@ You can optionally provide a dictionary that maps the `routing_function`'s outpu
 graph.add_conditional_edges("node_a", routing_function, {True: "node_b", False: "node_c"})
 ```

-!!! tip
-    Use [`Command`](#command) instead of conditional edges if you want to combine state updates and routing in a single function.
-
 ### Entry Point

 The entry point is the first node(s) that are run when the graph starts. You can use the [`add_edge`][langgraph.graph.StateGraph.add_edge] method from the virtual [`START`][langgraph.constants.START] node to the first node to execute to specify where to enter the graph.
@@ -325,68 +322,6 @@ def continue_to_jokes(state: OverallState):
 graph.add_conditional_edges("node_a", continue_to_jokes)
 ```

-## `Command`
-
-It can be useful to combine control flow (edges) and state updates (nodes). For example, you might want to BOTH perform state updates AND decide which node to go to next in the SAME node. LangGraph provides a way to do so by returning a [`Command`][langgraph.types.Command] object from node functions:
-
-```python
-def my_node(state: State) -> Command[Literal["my_other_node"]]:
-    return Command(
-        # state update
-        update={"foo": "bar"},
-        # control flow
-        goto="my_other_node"
-    )
-```
-
-With `Command` you can also achieve dynamic control flow behavior (identical to [conditional edges](#conditional-edges)):
-
-```python
-def my_node(state: State) -> Command[Literal["my_other_node"]]:
-    if state["foo"] == "bar":
-        return Command(update={"foo": "baz"}, goto="my_other_node")
-```
-
-!!! important
-
-    When returning `Command` in your node functions, you must add return type annotations with the list of node names the node is routing to, e.g. `Command[Literal["my_other_node"]]`. This is necessary for the graph rendering and tells LangGraph that `my_node` can navigate to `my_other_node`.
-
-Check out this [how-to guide](../how-tos/command.ipynb) for an end-to-end example of how to use `Command`.
-
-### When should I use Command instead of conditional edges?
-
-Use `Command` when you need to **both** update the graph state **and** route to a different node. For example, when implementing [multi-agent handoffs](./multi_agent.md#handoffs) where it's important to route to a different agent and pass some information to that agent.
-
-Use [conditional edges](#conditional-edges) to route between nodes conditionally without updating the state.
-
-### Using inside tools
-
-A common use case is updating graph state from inside a tool. For example, in a customer support application you might want to look up customer information based on their account number or ID in the beginning of the conversation. To update the graph state from the tool, you can return `Command(update={"my_custom_key": "foo", "messages": [...]})` from the tool:
-
-```python
-@tool
-def lookup_user_info(tool_call_id: Annotated[str, InjectedToolCallId], config: RunnableConfig):
-    """Use this to look up user information to better assist them with their questions."""
-    user_info = get_user_info(config.get("configurable", {}).get("user_id"))
-    return Command(
-        update={
-            # update the state keys
-            "user_info": user_info,
-            # update the message history
-            "messages": [ToolMessage("Successfully looked up user information", tool_call_id=tool_call_id)]
-        }
-    )
-```
-
-!!! important
-    You MUST include `messages` (or any state key used for the message history) in `Command.update` when returning `Command` from a tool and the list of messages in `messages` MUST contain a `ToolMessage`. This is necessary for the resulting message history to be valid (LLM providers require AI messages with tool calls to be followed by the tool result messages).
-
-If you are using tools that update state via `Command`, we recommend using prebuilt [`ToolNode`][langgraph.prebuilt.tool_node.ToolNode] which automatically handles tools returning `Command` objects and propagates them to the graph state. If you're writing a custom node that calls tools, you would need to manually propagate `Command` objects returned by the tools as the update from node.
-
-### Human-in-the-loop
-
-`Command` is an important part of human-in-the-loop workflows: when using `interrupt()` to collect user input, `Command` is then used to supply the input and resume execution via `Command(resume="User input")`. Check out [this conceptual guide](./human_in_the_loop.md) for more information.
-
 ## Persistence

 LangGraph provides built-in persistence for your agent's state using [checkpointers][langgraph.checkpoint.base.BaseCheckpointSaver]. Checkpointers save snapshots of the graph state at every superstep, allowing resumption at any time. This enables features like human-in-the-loop interactions, memory management, and fault-tolerance. You can even directly manipulate a graph's state after its execution using the
@@ -452,32 +387,35 @@ graph.invoke(inputs, config={"recursion_limit": 5, "configurable":{"llm": "anthr

 Read [this how-to](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/how-tos/recursion-limit/) to learn more about how the recursion limit works.

-## `interrupt`
-
-Use the [interrupt](../reference/types.md/#langgraph.types.interrupt) function to **pause** the graph at specific points to collect user input. The `interrupt` function surfaces interrupt information to the client, allowing the developer to collect user input, validate the graph state, or make decisions before resuming execution.
-
-```python
-from langgraph.types import interrupt
-
-def human_approval_node(state: State):
-    ...
-    answer = interrupt(
-        # This value will be sent to the client.
-        # It can be any JSON serializable value.
-        {"question": "is it ok to continue?"},
-    )
-    ...
-```
-
-Resuming the graph is done by passing a [`Command`](#command) object to the graph with the `resume` key set to the value returned by the `interrupt` function.
-
-Read more about how the `interrupt` is used for **human-in-the-loop** workflows in the [Human-in-the-loop conceptual guide](./human_in_the_loop.md).
-
 ## Breakpoints

-Breakpoints pause graph execution at specific points and enable stepping through execution step by step. Breakpoints are powered by LangGraph's [**persistence layer**](./persistence.md), which saves the state after each graph step. Breakpoints can also be used to enable [**human-in-the-loop**](./human_in_the_loop.md) workflows, though we recommend using the [`interrupt` function](#interrupt-function) for this purpose.
+It can often be useful to set breakpoints before or after certain nodes execute. This can be used to wait for human approval before continuing. These can be set when you ["compile" a graph](#compiling-your-graph). You can set breakpoints either _before_ a node executes (using `interrupt_before`) or after a node executes (using `interrupt_after`.)

-Read more about breakpoints in the [Breakpoints conceptual guide](./breakpoints.md).
+You **MUST** use a [checkpointer](./persistence.md) when using breakpoints. This is because your graph needs to be able to resume execution.
+
+In order to resume execution, you can just invoke your graph with `None` as the input.
+
+```python
+# Initial run of graph
+graph.invoke(inputs, config=config)
+
+# Let's assume it hit a breakpoint somewhere, you can then resume by passing in None
+graph.invoke(None, config=config)
+```
+
+See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/breakpoints.ipynb) for a full walkthrough of how to add breakpoints.
+
+### Dynamic Breakpoints
+
+It may be helpful to **dynamically** interrupt the graph from inside a given node based on some condition. In `LangGraph` you can do so by using `NodeInterrupt` -- a special exception that can be raised from inside a node.
+
+```python
+def my_node(state: State) -> State:
+    if len(state['input']) > 5:
+        raise NodeInterrupt(f"Received input that is longer than 5 characters: {state['input']}")
+
+    return state
+```

 ## Subgraphs

@@ -518,7 +456,7 @@ The simplest way to create subgraph nodes is by using a [compiled subgraph](#com
    If you pass extra keys to the subgraph node (i.e., in addition to the shared keys), they will be ignored by the subgraph node. Similarly, if you return extra keys from the subgraph, they will be ignored by the parent graph.

 ```python
-from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
 from typing import TypedDict

 class State(TypedDict):
@@ -236,9 +236,6 @@ Different applications require various types of memory. Although the analogy isn

 [Semantic memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_memory), both in humans and AI agents, involves the retention of specific facts and concepts. In humans, it can include information learned in school and the understanding of concepts and their relationships. For AI agents, semantic memory is often used to personalize applications by remembering facts or concepts from past interactions. 

-> Note: Not to be confused with "semantic search" which is a technique for finding similar content using "meaning" (usually as embeddings). Semantic memory is a term from psychology, referring to storing facts and knowledge, while semantic search is a method for retrieving information based on meaning rather than exact matches.
-
-
 #### Profile

 Semantic memories can be managed in different ways. For example, memories can be a single, continuously updated "profile" of well-scoped and specific information about a user, organization, or other entity (including the agent itself). A profile is generally just a JSON document with various key-value pairs you've selected to represent your domain. 
@@ -26,88 +26,18 @@ There are several ways to connect agents in a multi-agent system:
 - **Hierarchical**: you can define a multi-agent system with [a supervisor of supervisors](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/tutorials/multi_agent/hierarchical_agent_teams/). This is a generalization of the supervisor architecture and allows for more complex control flows.
 - **Custom multi-agent workflow**: each agent communicates with only a subset of agents. Parts of the flow are deterministic, and only some agents can decide which other agents to call next.

-### Handoffs
-
-In multi-agent architectures, agents can be represented as graph nodes. Each agent node executes its step(s) and decides whether to finish execution or route to another agent, including potentially routing to itself (e.g., running in a loop). A common pattern in multi-agent interactions is handoffs, where one agent hands off control to another. Handoffs allow you to specify:
-
- __destination__: target agent to navigate to (e.g., name of the node to go to)
- __payload__: [information to pass to that agent](#communication-between-agents) (e.g., state update)
-
-To implement handoffs in LangGraph, agent nodes can return [`Command`](./low_level.md#command) object that allows you to combine both control flow and state updates:
-
-```python
-def agent(state) -> Command[Literal["agent", "another_agent"]]:
-    # the condition for routing/halting can be anything, e.g. LLM tool call / structured output, etc.
-    goto = get_next_agent(...)  # 'agent' / 'another_agent'
-    return Command(
-        # Specify which agent to call next
-        goto=goto,
-        # Update the graph state
-        update={"my_state_key": "my_state_value"}
-    )
-```
-
-In a more complex scenario where each agent node is itself a graph (i.e., a [subgraph](./low_level.md#subgraphs)), a node in one of the agent subgraphs might want to navigate to a different agent. For example, if you have two agents, `alice` and `bob` (subgraph nodes in a parent graph), and `alice` needs to navigate to `bob`, you can set `graph=Command.PARENT` in the `Command` object:
-
-```python
-def some_node_inside_alice(state)
-    return Command(
-        goto="bob",
-        update={"my_state_key": "my_state_value"},
-        # specify which graph to navigate to (defaults to the current graph)
-        graph=Command.PARENT,
-    )
-```
-
-!!! note
-    If you need to support visualization for subgraphs communicating using `Command(graph=Command.PARENT)` you would need to wrap them in a node function with `Command` annotation, e.g. instead of this:
-
-    ```python
-    builder.add_node(alice)
-    ```
-
-    you would need to do this:
-
-    ```python
-    def call_alice(state) -> Command[Literal["bob"]]:
-        return alice.invoke(state)
-
-    builder.add_node("alice", call_alice)
-    ```
-
-#### Handoffs as tools
-
-One of the most common agent types is a ReAct-style tool-calling agents. For those types of agents, a common pattern is wrapping a handoff in a tool call, e.g.:
-
-```python
-def transfer_to_bob(state):
-    """Transfer to bob."""
-    return Command(
-        goto="bob",
-        update={"my_state_key": "my_state_value"},
-        graph=Command.PARENT,
-    )
-```
-
-This is a special case of updating the graph state from tools where in addition the state update, the control flow is included as well.
-
-!!! important
-
-    If you want to use tools that return `Command`, you can either use prebuilt [`create_react_agent`][langgraph.prebuilt.chat_agent_executor.create_react_agent] / [`ToolNode`][langgraph.prebuilt.tool_node.ToolNode] components, or implement your own tool-executing node that collects `Command` objects returned by the tools and returns a list of them, e.g.:
-
-```python
-def call_tools(state):
-    ...
-    commands = [tools_by_name[call["name"].invoke(call, config={"coerce_tool_content": False}) for tool_call in tool_calls]
-    return commands
-```
-
-Let's now take a closer look at the different multi-agent architectures.
-
 ### Network

-In this architecture, agents are defined as graph nodes. Each agent can communicate with every other agent (many-to-many connections) and can decide which agent to call next. This architecture is good for problems that do not have a clear hierarchy of agents or a specific sequence in which agents should be called.
+In this architecture, agents are defined as graph nodes. Each agent can communicate with every other agent (many-to-many connections) and can decide which agent to call next. While very flexible, this architecture doesn't scale well as the number of agents grows:

+- hard to enforce which agent should be called next
+- hard to determine how much [information](#shared-message-list) should be passed between the agents
+
+We recommend avoiding this architecture in production and using one of the below architectures instead.
+
+### Supervisor
+
+In this architecture, we define agents as nodes and add a supervisor node (LLM) that decides which agent nodes should be called next. We use [conditional edges](./low_level.md#conditional-edges) to route execution to the appropriate agent node based on supervisor's decision. This architecture also lends itself well to running multiple agents in parallel or using [map-reduce](../how-tos/map-reduce.ipynb) pattern.

 ```python
 from typing import Literal
@@ -116,83 +46,39 @@ from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START

 model = ChatOpenAI()

-def agent_1(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["agent_2", "agent_3", END]]:
+class AgentState(MessagesState):
+    next: Literal["agent_1", "agent_2", "__end__"]
+
+def supervisor(state: AgentState):
    # you can pass relevant parts of the state to the LLM (e.g., state["messages"])
    # to determine which agent to call next. a common pattern is to call the model
    # with a structured output (e.g. force it to return an output with a "next_agent" field)
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    # route to one of the agents or exit based on the LLM's decision
-    # if the LLM returns "__end__", the graph will finish execution
-    return Command(
-        goto=response["next_agent"],
-        update={"messages": [response["content"]]},
-    )
+    # the "next" key will be used by the conditional edges to route execution
+    # to the appropriate agent
+    return {"next": response["next_agent"]}

-def agent_2(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["agent_1", "agent_3", END]]:
-    response = model.invoke(...)
-    return Command(
-        goto=response["next_agent"],
-        update={"messages": [response["content"]]},
-    )
-
-def agent_3(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["agent_1", "agent_2", END]]:
-    ...
-    return Command(
-        goto=response["next_agent"],
-        update={"messages": [response["content"]]},
-    )
-
-builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)
-builder.add_node(agent_1)
-builder.add_node(agent_2)
-builder.add_node(agent_3)
-
-builder.add_edge(START, "agent_1")
-network = builder.compile()
-```
-
-### Supervisor
-
-In this architecture, we define agents as nodes and add a supervisor node (LLM) that decides which agent nodes should be called next. We use [`Command`](./low_level.md#command) to route execution to the appropriate agent node based on supervisor's decision. This architecture also lends itself well to running multiple agents in parallel or using [map-reduce](../how-tos/map-reduce.ipynb) pattern.
-
-```python
-from typing import Literal
-from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
-from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START, END
-
-model = ChatOpenAI()
-
-def supervisor(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["agent_1", "agent_2", END]]:
-    # you can pass relevant parts of the state to the LLM (e.g., state["messages"])
-    # to determine which agent to call next. a common pattern is to call the model
-    # with a structured output (e.g. force it to return an output with a "next_agent" field)
-    response = model.invoke(...)
-    # route to one of the agents or exit based on the supervisor's decision
-    # if the supervisor returns "__end__", the graph will finish execution
-    return Command(goto=response["next_agent"])
-
-def agent_1(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["supervisor"]]:
+def agent_1(state: AgentState):
    # you can pass relevant parts of the state to the LLM (e.g., state["messages"])
    # and add any additional logic (different models, custom prompts, structured output, etc.)
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    return Command(
-        goto="supervisor",
-        update={"messages": [response]},
-    )
+    return {"messages": [response]}

-def agent_2(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["supervisor"]]:
+def agent_2(state: AgentState):
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    return Command(
-        goto="supervisor",
-        update={"messages": [response]},
-    )
+    return {"messages": [response]}

-builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)
+builder = StateGraph(AgentState)
 builder.add_node(supervisor)
 builder.add_node(agent_1)
 builder.add_node(agent_2)

 builder.add_edge(START, "supervisor")
+# route to one of the agents or exit based on the supervisor's decisiion
+# if the supervisor returns "__end__", the graph will finish execution
+builder.add_conditional_edges("supervisor", lambda state: state["next"])
+builder.add_edge("agent_1", "supervisor")
+builder.add_edge("agent_2", "supervisor")

 supervisor = builder.compile()
 ```
@@ -240,29 +126,37 @@ To address this, you can design your system _hierarchically_. For example, you c
 ```python
 from typing import Literal
 from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
-from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START, END
+from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START

 model = ChatOpenAI()

 # define team 1 (same as the single supervisor example above)
+class Team1State(MessagesState):
+    next: Literal["team_1_agent_1", "team_1_agent_2", "__end__"]

-def team_1_supervisor(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["team_1_agent_1", "team_1_agent_2", END]]:
+def team_1_supervisor(state: Team1State):
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    return Command(goto=response["next_agent"])
+    return {"next": response["next_agent"]}

-def team_1_agent_1(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["team_1_supervisor"]]:
+def team_1_agent_1(state: Team1State):
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    return Command(goto="team_1_supervisor", update={"messages": [response]})
+    return {"messages": [response]}

-def team_1_agent_2(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal["team_1_supervisor"]]:
+def team_1_agent_2(state: Team1State):
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    return Command(goto="team_1_supervisor", update={"messages": [response]})
+    return {"messages": [response]}

 team_1_builder = StateGraph(Team1State)
 team_1_builder.add_node(team_1_supervisor)
 team_1_builder.add_node(team_1_agent_1)
 team_1_builder.add_node(team_1_agent_2)
 team_1_builder.add_edge(START, "team_1_supervisor")
+# route to one of the agents or exit based on the supervisor's decisiion
+# if the supervisor returns "__end__", the graph will finish execution
+team_1_builder.add_conditional_edges("team_1_supervisor", lambda state: state["next"])
+team_1_builder.add_edge("team_1_agent_1", "team_1_supervisor")
+team_1_builder.add_edge("team_1_agent_2", "team_1_supervisor")
+
 team_1_graph = team_1_builder.compile()

 # define team 2 (same as the single supervisor example above)
@@ -285,22 +179,31 @@ team_2_graph = team_2_builder.compile()

 # define top-level supervisor

-builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)
-def top_level_supervisor(state: MessagesState):
+class TopLevelState(MessagesState):
+    next: Literal["team_1", "team_2", "__end__"]
+
+builder = StateGraph(TopLevelState)
+def top_level_supervisor(state: TopLevelState):
    # you can pass relevant parts of the state to the LLM (e.g., state["messages"])
    # to determine which team to call next. a common pattern is to call the model
    # with a structured output (e.g. force it to return an output with a "next_team" field)
    response = model.invoke(...)
-    # route to one of the teams or exit based on the supervisor's decision
-    # if the supervisor returns "__end__", the graph will finish execution
-    return Command(goto=response["next_team"])
+    # the "next" key will be used by the conditional edges to route execution
+    # to the appropriate team
+    return {"next": response["next_team"]}

-builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)
+builder = StateGraph(TopLevelState)
 builder.add_node(top_level_supervisor)
 builder.add_node(team_1_graph)
 builder.add_node(team_2_graph)

 builder.add_edge(START, "top_level_supervisor")
+# route to one of the teams or exit based on the supervisor's decision
+# if the top-level supervisor returns "__end__", the graph will finish execution
+builder.add_conditional_edges("top_level_supervisor", lambda state: state["next"])
+builder.add_edge("team_1_graph", "top_level_supervisor")
+builder.add_edge("team_2_graph", "top_level_supervisor")
+
 graph = builder.compile()
 ```

@@ -310,7 +213,7 @@ In this architecture we add individual agents as graph nodes and define the orde

 - **Explicit control flow (normal edges)**: LangGraph allows you to explicitly define the control flow of your application (i.e. the sequence of how agents communicate) explicitly, via [normal graph edges](./low_level.md#normal-edges). This is the most deterministic variant of this architecture above — we always know which agent will be called next ahead of time.

- **Dynamic control flow (Command)**: in LangGraph you can allow LLMs to decide parts of your application control flow. This can be achieved by using [`Command`](./low_level.md#command). A special case of this is a [supervisor tool-calling](#supervisor-tool-calling) architecture. In that case, the tool-calling LLM powering the supervisor agent will make decisions about the order in which the tools (agents) are being called.
+- **Dynamic control flow (conditional edges)**: in LangGraph you can allow LLMs to decide parts of your application control flow. This can be achieved by using [conditional edges](./low_level.md#conditional-edges). A special case of this is a [supervisor tool-calling](#supervisor-tool-calling) architecture. In that case, the tool-calling LLM powering the supervisor agent will make decisions about the order in which the tools (agents) are being called.

 ```python
 from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
@@ -276,11 +276,9 @@ The attributes it has are:
 Beyond simple retrieval, the store also supports semantic search, allowing you to find memories based on meaning rather than exact matches. To enable this, configure the store with an embedding model:

 ```python
-from langchain.embeddings import init_embeddings
-
 store = InMemoryStore(
    index={
-        "embed": init_embeddings("openai:text-embedding-3-small"),  # Embedding provider
+        "embed": "openai:text-embedding-3-small",  # Embedding provider
        "dims": 1536,                              # Embedding dimensions
        "fields": ["food_preference", "$"]              # Fields to embed
    }
@@ -291,7 +289,6 @@ Now when searching, you can use natural language queries to find relevant memori

 ```python
 # Find memories about food preferences
-# (This can be done after putting memories into the store)
 memories = store.search(
    namespace_for_memory,
    query="What does the user like to eat?",
@@ -415,22 +412,7 @@ for update in graph.stream(
    print(update)
 ```

-When we use the LangGraph Platform, either locally (e.g., in LangGraph Studio) or with LangGraph Cloud, the base store is available to use by default and does not need to be specified during graph compilation. To enable semantic search, however, you **do** need to configure the indexing settings in your `langgraph.json` file. For example:
-
-```json
-{
-    ...
-    "store": {
-        "index": {
-            "embed": "openai:text-embeddings-3-small",
-            "dims": 1536,
-            "fields": ["$"]
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-See the [deployment guide](../cloud/deployment/semantic_search.md) for more details and configuration options.
+When we use the LangGraph API, either locally (e.g., in LangGraph Studio) or with LangGraph Cloud, the base store is available to use by default and does not need to be specified during graph compilation. For cloud deployments, semantic search is automatically configured based on your `langgraph.json` settings. See the [deployment guide](../deployment/semantic_search.md) for more details.

 ## Checkpointer libraries

@@ -471,7 +453,7 @@ Second, checkpointers allow for ["memory"](agentic_concepts.md#memory) between i

 ### Time Travel

-Third, checkpointers allow for ["time travel"](time-travel.md), allowing users to replay prior graph executions to review and / or debug specific graph steps. In addition, checkpointers make it possible to fork the graph state at arbitrary checkpoints to explore alternative trajectories.
+Third, checkpointers allow for ["time travel"](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb), allowing users to replay prior graph executions to review and / or debug specific graph steps. In addition, checkpointers make it possible to fork the graph state at arbitrary checkpoints to explore alternative trajectories.

 ### Fault-tolerance

@@ -1,21 +1,14 @@
 # Template Applications

+!!! note Prerequisites
+
+    - [LangGraph Studio](./langgraph_studio.md)
+
 Templates are open source reference applications designed to help you get started quickly when building with LangGraph. They provide working examples of common agentic workflows that can be customized to your needs.

-You can create an application from a template using the LangGraph CLI.
+Templates can be accessed via [LangGraph Studio (macOS only)](langgraph_studio.md), or cloned directly from Github. You can download LangGraph Studio and see available templates [here](https://studio.langchain.com/).

-!!! info "Requirements"
-
-    - Python >= 3.11
-    - [LangGraph CLI](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/cloud/reference/cli/): Requires langchain-cli[inmem] >= 0.1.58
-
-## Install the LangGraph CLI
-
-```bash
-pip install "langgraph-cli[inmem]==0.1.58" python-dotenv
-```
-
-## Available Templates
+## Available templates

 | Template                  | Description                                                                              | Python                                                           | JS/TS                                                               |
 |---------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
@@ -24,39 +17,3 @@ pip install "langgraph-cli[inmem]==0.1.58" python-dotenv
 | **Memory Agent**          | A ReAct-style agent with an additional tool to store memories for use across threads.    | [Repo](https://github.com/langchain-ai/memory-agent)             | [Repo](https://github.com/langchain-ai/memory-agent-js)             |
 | **Retrieval Agent**       | An agent that includes a retrieval-based question-answering system.                      | [Repo](https://github.com/langchain-ai/retrieval-agent-template) | [Repo](https://github.com/langchain-ai/retrieval-agent-template-js) |
 | **Data-Enrichment Agent** | An agent that performs web searches and organizes its findings into a structured format. | [Repo](https://github.com/langchain-ai/data-enrichment)          | [Repo](https://github.com/langchain-ai/data-enrichment-js)          |
-
-
-## 🌱 Create a LangGraph App
-
-To create a new app from a template, use the `langgraph new` command.
-
-```bash
-langgraph new
-```
-
-## Next Steps
-
-Review the `README.md` file in the root of your new LangGraph app for more information about the template and how to customize it.
-
-After configuring the app properly and adding your API keys, you can start the app using the LangGraph CLI:
-
-```bash
-langgraph dev 
-```
-
-See the following guides for more information on how to deploy your app:
-
- **[Launch Local LangGraph Server](../tutorials/langgraph-platform/local-server.md)**: This quick start guide shows how to start a LangGraph Server locally for the **ReAct Agent** template. The steps are similar for other templates.
- **[Deploy to LangGraph Cloud](../cloud/quick_start.md)**: Deploy your LangGraph app using LangGraph Cloud.
- 
-### LangGraph Framework
-
- **[LangGraph Concepts](../concepts/index.md)**: Learn the foundational concepts of LangGraph.
- **[LangGraph How-to Guides](../how-tos/index.md)**: Guides for common tasks with LangGraph.
-
-### 📚 Learn More about LangGraph Platform
-
-Expand your knowledge with these resources:
-
- **[LangGraph Platform Concepts](../concepts/index.md#langgraph-platform)**: Understand the foundational concepts of the LangGraph Platform.
- **[LangGraph Platform How-to Guides](../how-tos/index.md#langgraph-platform)**: Discover step-by-step guides to build and deploy applications.
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-# Time Travel ⏱️
-
-!!! note "Prerequisites"
-
-    This guide assumes that you are familiar with LangGraph's checkpoints and states. If not, please review the [persistence](./persistence.md) concept first.
-
-
-When working with non-deterministic systems that make model-based decisions (e.g., agents powered by LLMs), it can be useful to examine their decision-making process in detail:
-
-1. 🤔 **Understand Reasoning**: Analyze the steps that led to a successful result.
-2. 🐞 **Debug Mistakes**: Identify where and why errors occurred.
-3. 🔍 **Explore Alternatives**: Test different paths to uncover better solutions.
-
-We call these debugging techniques **Time Travel**, composed of two key actions: [**Replaying**](#replaying) 🔁 and [**Forking**](#forking) 🔀 .
-
-## Replaying
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/replay.png)
-
-Replaying allows us to revisit and reproduce an agent's past actions. This can be done either from the current state (or checkpoint) of the graph or from a specific checkpoint.
-
-To replay from the current state, simply pass `None` as the input along with a `thread`:
-
-```python
-thread = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-To replay actions from a specific checkpoint, start by retrieving all checkpoints for the thread:
-
-```python
-all_checkpoints = []
-for state in graph.get_state_history(thread):
-    all_checkpoints.append(state)
-```
-
-Each checkpoint has a unique ID. After identifying the desired checkpoint, for instance, `xyz`, include its ID in the configuration:
-
-```python
-config = {'configurable': {'thread_id': '1', 'checkpoint_id': 'xyz'}}
-for event in graph.stream(None, config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-The graph efficiently replays previously executed nodes instead of re-executing them, leveraging its awareness of prior checkpoint executions.
-
-## Forking
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/forking.png)
-
-Forking allows you to revisit an agent's past actions and explore alternative paths within the graph.
-
-To edit a specific checkpoint, such as `xyz`, provide its `checkpoint_id` when updating the graph's state:
-
-```python
-config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1", "checkpoint_id": "xyz"}}
-graph.update_state(config, {"state": "updated state"})
-```
-
-This creates a new forked checkpoint, xyz-fork, from which you can continue running the graph:
-
-```python
-config = {'configurable': {'thread_id': '1', 'checkpoint_id': 'xyz-fork'}}
-for event in graph.stream(None, config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-## Additional Resources 📚
-
- [**Conceptual Guide: Persistence**](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/persistence/#replay): Read the persistence guide for more context on replaying.
- [**How to View and Update Past Graph State**](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb): Step-by-step instructions for working with graph state that demonstrate the **replay** and **fork** actions.
@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-# Human-in-the-loop
-
-!!! note "Use the `interrupt` function instead."
-
-    As of LangGraph 0.2.57, the recommended way to set breakpoints is using the [`interrupt` function][langgraph.types.interrupt] as it simplifies **human-in-the-loop** patterns.
-
-    Please see the revised [human-in-the-loop guide](./human_in_the_loop.md) for the latest version that uses the `interrupt` function.
-
-
-Human-in-the-loop (or "on-the-loop") enhances agent capabilities through several common user interaction patterns.
-
-Common interaction patterns include:
-
-(1) `Approval` - We can interrupt our agent, surface the current state to a user, and allow the user to accept an action. 
-
-(2) `Editing` - We can interrupt our agent, surface the current state to a user, and allow the user to edit the agent state. 
-
-(3) `Input` - We can explicitly create a graph node to collect human input and pass that input directly to the agent state.
-
-Use-cases for these interaction patterns include:
-
-(1) `Reviewing tool calls` - We can interrupt an agent to review and edit the results of tool calls.
-
-(2) `Time Travel` - We can manually re-play and / or fork past actions of an agent.
-
-## Persistence
-
-All of these interaction patterns are enabled by LangGraph's built-in [persistence](./persistence.md) layer, which will write a checkpoint of the graph state at each step. Persistence allows the graph to stop so that a human can review and / or edit the current state of the graph and then resume with the human's input.
-
-### Breakpoints
-
-Adding a [breakpoint](./breakpoints.md) a specific location in the graph flow is one way to enable human-in-the-loop. In this case, the developer knows *where* in the workflow human input is needed and simply places a breakpoint prior to or following that particular graph node.
-
-Here, we compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint at the node we want to interrupt before, `step_for_human_in_the_loop`. We then perform one of the above interaction patterns, which will create a new checkpoint if a human edits the graph state. The new checkpoint is saved to the `thread` and we can resume the graph execution from there by passing in `None` as the input.
-
-```python
-# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before "step_for_human_in_the_loop"
-graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["step_for_human_in_the_loop"])
-
-# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
-thread_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
-for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-    
-# Perform some action that requires human in the loop
-
-# Continue the graph execution from the current checkpoint 
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-### Dynamic Breakpoints
-
-Alternatively, the developer can define some *condition* that must be met for a breakpoint to be triggered. This concept of [dynamic breakpoints](./breakpoints.md) is useful when the developer wants to halt the graph under *a particular condition*. This uses a `NodeInterrupt`, which is a special type of exception that can be raised from within a node based upon some condition. As an example, we can define a dynamic breakpoint that triggers when the `input` is longer than 5 characters.
-
-```python
-def my_node(state: State) -> State:
-    if len(state['input']) > 5:
-        raise NodeInterrupt(f"Received input that is longer than 5 characters: {state['input']}")
-    return state
-```
-
-Let's assume we run the graph with an input that triggers the dynamic breakpoint and then attempt to resume the graph execution simply by passing in `None` for the input. 
-
-```python
-# Attempt to continue the graph execution with no change to state after we hit the dynamic breakpoint 
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-The graph will *interrupt* again because this node will be *re-run* with the same graph state. We need to change the graph state such that the condition that triggers the dynamic breakpoint is no longer met. So, we can simply edit the graph state to an input that meets the condition of our dynamic breakpoint (< 5 characters) and re-run the node.
-
-```python 
-# Update the state to pass the dynamic breakpoint
-graph.update_state(config=thread_config, values={"input": "foo"})
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-Alternatively, what if we want to keep our current input and skip the node (`my_node`) that performs the check? To do this, we can simply perform the graph update with `as_node="my_node"` and pass in `None` for the values. This will make no update the graph state, but run the update as `my_node`, effectively skipping the node and bypassing the dynamic breakpoint.
-
-```python
-# This update will skip the node `my_node` altogether
-graph.update_state(config=thread_config, values=None, as_node="my_node")
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread_config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-See [our guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/dynamic_breakpoints.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!
-
-## Interaction Patterns
-
-### Approval
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/approval.png)
-
-Sometimes we want to approve certain steps in our agent's execution. 
- 
-We can interrupt our agent at a [breakpoint](./breakpoints.md) prior to the step that we want to approve.
-
-This is generally recommend for sensitive actions (e.g., using external APIs or writing to a database).
- 
-With persistence, we can surface the current agent state as well as the next step to a user for review and approval. 
- 
-If approved, the graph resumes execution from the last saved checkpoint, which is saved to the `thread`:
-
-```python
-# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to approve
-graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["node_2"])
-
-# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
-for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-    
-# ... Get human approval ...
-
-# If approved, continue the graph execution from the last saved checkpoint
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-See [our guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/breakpoints.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!
-
-### Editing
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/edit_graph_state.png)
-
-Sometimes we want to review and edit the agent's state. 
- 
-As with approval, we can interrupt our agent at a [breakpoint](./breakpoints.md) prior to the step we want to check. 
- 
-We can surface the current state to a user and allow the user to edit the agent state.
- 
-This can, for example, be used to correct the agent if it made a mistake (e.g., see the section on tool calling below).
-
-We can edit the graph state by forking the current checkpoint, which is saved to the `thread`.
-
-We can then proceed with the graph from our forked checkpoint as done before. 
-
-```python
-# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to review
-graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["node_2"])
-
-# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
-for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-    
-# Review the state, decide to edit it, and create a forked checkpoint with the new state
-graph.update_state(thread, {"state": "new state"})
-
-# Continue the graph execution from the forked checkpoint
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/edit-graph-state.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!
-
-### Input
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/wait_for_input.png)
-
-Sometimes we want to explicitly get human input at a particular step in the graph. 
- 
-We can create a graph node designated for this (e.g., `human_input` in our example diagram).
- 
-As with approval and editing, we can interrupt our agent at a [breakpoint](./breakpoints.md) prior to this node.
- 
-We can then perform a state update that includes the human input, just as we did with editing state.
-
-But, we add one thing: 
-
-We can use `as_node=human_input` with the state update to specify that the state update *should be treated as a node*.
-
-The is subtle, but important: 
-
-With editing, the user makes a decision about whether or not to edit the graph state.
-
-With input, we explicitly define a node in our graph for collecting human input!
-
-The state update with the human input then runs *as this node*.
-
-```python
-# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to to collect human input
-graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["human_input"])
-
-# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
-for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-    
-# Update the state with the user input as if it was the human_input node
-graph.update_state(thread, {"user_input": user_input}, as_node="human_input")
-
-# Continue the graph execution from the checkpoint created by the human_input node
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/wait-user-input.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!
-
-## Use-cases
-
-### Reviewing Tool Calls
-
-Some user interaction patterns combine the above ideas.
-
-For example, many agents use [tool calling](https://python.langchain.com/docs/how_to/tool_calling/) to make decisions. 
-
-Tool calling presents a challenge because the agent must get two things right: 
-
-(1) The name of the tool to call 
-
-(2) The arguments to pass to the tool
-
-Even if the tool call is correct, we may also want to apply discretion: 
-
-(3) The tool call may be a sensitive operation that we want to approve 
-
-With these points in mind, we can combine the above ideas to create a human-in-the-loop review of a tool call.
-
-```python
-# Compile our graph with a checkpointer and a breakpoint before the step to to review the tool call from the LLM 
-graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=["human_review"])
-
-# Run the graph up to the breakpoint
-for event in graph.stream(inputs, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-    
-# Review the tool call and update it, if needed, as the human_review node
-graph.update_state(thread, {"tool_call": "updated tool call"}, as_node="human_review")
-
-# Otherwise, approve the tool call and proceed with the graph execution with no edits 
-
-# Continue the graph execution from either: 
-# (1) the forked checkpoint created by human_review or 
-# (2) the checkpoint saved when the tool call was originally made (no edits in human_review)
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/review-tool-calls.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing this!
-
-### Time Travel
-
-When working with agents, we often want closely examine their decision making process: 
-
-(1) Even when they arrive a desired final result, the reasoning that led to that result is often important to examine.
-
-(2) When agents make mistakes, it is often valuable to understand why.
-
-(3) In either of the above cases, it is useful to manually explore alternative decision making paths.
-
-Collectively, we call these debugging concepts `time-travel` and they are composed of `replaying` and `forking`.
-
-#### Replaying
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/replay.png)
-
-Sometimes we want to simply replay past actions of an agent. 
- 
-Above, we showed the case of executing an agent from the current state (or checkpoint) of the graph.
-
-We by simply passing in `None` for the input with a `thread`.
-
-```
-thread = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
-for event in graph.stream(None, thread, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-Now, we can modify this to replay past actions from a *specific* checkpoint by passing in the checkpoint ID.
-
-To get a specific checkpoint ID, we can easily get all of the checkpoints in the thread and filter to the one we want.
-
-```python
-all_checkpoints = []
-for state in app.get_state_history(thread):
-    all_checkpoints.append(state)
-```
-
-Each checkpoint has a unique ID, which we can use to replay from a specific checkpoint.
-
-Assume from reviewing the checkpoints that we want to replay from one, `xxx`.
-
-We just pass in the checkpoint ID when we run the graph.
-
-```python
-config = {'configurable': {'thread_id': '1', 'checkpoint_id': 'xxx'}}
-for event in graph.stream(None, config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
- 
-Importantly, the graph knows which checkpoints have been previously executed. 
-
-So, it will re-play any previously executed nodes rather than re-executing them.
-
-See [this additional conceptual guide](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/persistence/#replay) for related context on replaying.
-
-See see [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing time-travel!
-
-#### Forking
-
-![](./img/human_in_the_loop/forking.png)
-
-Sometimes we want to fork past actions of an agent, and explore different paths through the graph.
-
-`Editing`, as discussed above, is *exactly* how we do this for the *current* state of the graph! 
-
-But, what if we want to fork *past* states of the graph?
-
-For example, let's say we want to edit a particular checkpoint, `xxx`.
-
-We pass this `checkpoint_id` when we update the state of the graph.
-
-```python
-config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1", "checkpoint_id": "xxx"}}
-graph.update_state(config, {"state": "updated state"}, )
-```
-
-This creates a new forked checkpoint, `xxx-fork`, which we can then run the graph from.
-
-```python
-config = {'configurable': {'thread_id': '1', 'checkpoint_id': 'xxx-fork'}}
-for event in graph.stream(None, config, stream_mode="values"):
-    print(event)
-```
-
-See [this additional conceptual guide](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/persistence/#update-state) for related context on forking.
-
-See [this guide](../how-tos/human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb) for a detailed how-to on doing time-travel!
@@ -12,14 +12,6 @@
   "source": [
    "# How to add breakpoints\n",
    "\n",
-    "!!! tip \"Prerequisites\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    This guide assumes familiarity with the following concepts:\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    * [Breakpoints](../../../concepts/breakpoints)\n",
-    "    * [LangGraph Glossary](../../../concepts/low_level)\n",
-    "    \n",
-    "\n",
    "Human-in-the-loop (HIL) interactions are crucial for [agentic systems](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/agentic_concepts/#human-in-the-loop). [Breakpoints](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/low_level/#breakpoints) are a common HIL interaction pattern, allowing the graph to stop at specific steps and seek human approval before proceeding (e.g., for sensitive actions). \n",
    "\n",
    "Breakpoints are built on top of LangGraph [checkpoints](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/low_level/#checkpointer), which save the graph's state after each node execution. Checkpoints are saved in [threads](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/low_level/#threads) that preserve graph state and can be accessed after a graph has finished execution. This allows for graph execution to pause at specific points, await human approval, and then resume execution from the last checkpoint.\n",
@@ -475,7 +467,7 @@
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.11.4"
+   "version": "3.11.8"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
@@ -1,32 +1,24 @@
 {
 "cells": [
  {
-   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "b7d5f6a5-9e59-43e4-a4b6-8ada6dace691",
+   "id": "ee54cde3-7e4d-43f4-b921-e7141ea0f19e",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# How to add dynamic breakpoints"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "607849c6-4b8c-4e06-ad9c-758bb5a08e86",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
-    "# How to add dynamic breakpoints with `NodeInterrupt`\n",
-    "\n",
-    "!!! note\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    For **human-in-the-loop** workflows use the new [`interrupt()`](../../../reference/types/#langgraph.types.interrupt) function for **human-in-the-loop** workflows. Please review the [Human-in-the-loop conceptual guide](../../../concepts/human_in_the_loop) for more information about design patterns with `interrupt`.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "!!! tip \"Prerequisites\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    This guide assumes familiarity with the following concepts:\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    * [Breakpoints](../../../concepts/breakpoints)\n",
-    "    * [LangGraph Glossary](../../../concepts/low_level)\n",
-    "    \n",
-    "\n",
    "Human-in-the-loop (HIL) interactions are crucial for [agentic systems](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/agentic_concepts/#human-in-the-loop). [Breakpoints](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/low_level/#breakpoints) are a common HIL interaction pattern, allowing the graph to stop at specific steps and seek human approval before proceeding (e.g., for sensitive actions).\n",
    "\n",
    "In LangGraph you can add breakpoints before / after a node is executed. But oftentimes it may be helpful to **dynamically** interrupt the graph from inside a given node based on some condition. When doing so, it may also be helpful to include information about **why** that interrupt was raised.\n",
    "\n",
    "This guide shows how you can dynamically interrupt the graph using `NodeInterrupt` -- a special exception that can be raised from inside a node. Let's see it in action!\n",
    "\n",
-    "\n",
    "## Setup\n",
    "\n",
    "First, let's install the required packages"
@@ -438,7 +430,7 @@
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.11.4"
+   "version": "3.11.9"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@
   "source": [
    "# How to edit graph state\n",
    "\n",
-    "!!! tip \"Prerequisites\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    * [Human-in-the-loop](../../../concepts/human_in_the_loop)\n",
-    "    * [Breakpoints](../../../concepts/breakpoints)\n",
-    "    * [LangGraph Glossary](../../../concepts/low_level)\n",
-    "\n",
    "Human-in-the-loop (HIL) interactions are crucial for [agentic systems](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/agentic_concepts/#human-in-the-loop). Manually updating the graph state a common HIL interaction pattern, allowing the human to edit actions (e.g., what tool is being called or how it is being called).\n",
    "\n",
    "We can implement this in LangGraph using a [breakpoint](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/how-tos/human_in_the_loop/breakpoints/): breakpoints allow us to interrupt graph execution before a specific step. At this breakpoint, we can manually update the graph state and then resume from that spot to continue.  \n",
@@ -560,7 +554,7 @@
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.11.4"
+   "version": "3.11.8"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
@@ -7,15 +7,6 @@
   "source": [
    "# How to view and update past graph state\n",
    "\n",
-    "!!! tip \"Prerequisites\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    This guide assumes familiarity with the following concepts:\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    * [Time Travel](../../../concepts/time-travel)\n",
-    "    * [Breakpoints](../../../concepts/breakpoints)\n",
-    "    * [LangGraph Glossary](../../../concepts/low_level)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
    "Once you start [checkpointing](../../persistence) your graphs, you can easily **get** or **update** the state of the agent at any point in time. This permits a few things:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. You can surface a state during an interrupt to a user to let them accept an action.\n",
@@ -598,7 +589,7 @@
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.11.4"
+   "version": "3.11.9"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ These how-to guides show how to achieve that controllability.
 - [How to create branches for parallel execution](branching.ipynb)
 - [How to create map-reduce branches for parallel execution](map-reduce.ipynb)
 - [How to control graph recursion limit](recursion-limit.ipynb)
- [How to combine control flow and state updates with Command](command.ipynb)

 ### Persistence

@@ -40,32 +39,19 @@ LangGraph makes it easy to manage conversation [memory](../concepts/memory.md) i
 - [How to manage conversation history](memory/manage-conversation-history.ipynb)
 - [How to delete messages](memory/delete-messages.ipynb)
 - [How to add summary conversation memory](memory/add-summary-conversation-history.ipynb)
- [How to add long-term memory (cross-thread)](cross-thread-persistence.ipynb)
- [How to use semantic search for long-term memory](memory/semantic-search.ipynb)
+- [Add long-term memory (cross-thread)](cross-thread-persistence.ipynb)

 ### Human-in-the-loop

 [Human-in-the-loop](../concepts/human_in_the_loop.md) functionality allows
 you to involve humans in the decision-making process of your graph. These how-to guides show how to implement human-in-the-loop workflows in your graph.

-
-Key workflows:
-
- [How to wait for user input](human_in_the_loop/wait-user-input.ipynb): A basic example that shows how to implement a human-in-the-loop workflow in your graph using the `interrupt` function.
- [How to review tool calls](human_in_the_loop/review-tool-calls.ipynb): Incorporate human-in-the-loop for reviewing/editing/accepting tool call requests before they executed using the `interrupt` function.
- 
-
-Other methods:
-
- [How to add static breakpoints](human_in_the_loop/breakpoints.ipynb): Use for debugging purposes. For [**human-in-the-loop**](../concepts/human_in_the_loop.md) workflows, we recommend the [`interrupt` function][langgraph.types.interrupt] instead.
- [How to edit graph state](human_in_the_loop/edit-graph-state.ipynb): Edit graph state using `graph.update_state` method. Use this if implementing a **human-in-the-loop** workflow via **static breakpoints**.
- [How to add dynamic breakpoints with `NodeInterrupt`](human_in_the_loop/dynamic_breakpoints.ipynb): **Not recommended**: Use the [`interrupt` function](../concepts/human_in_the_loop.md) instead.
-
-### Time Travel
-
-[Time travel](../concepts/time-travel.md) allows you to replay past actions in your LangGraph application to explore alternative paths and debug issues. These how-to guides show how to use time travel in your graph.
-
+- [How to add breakpoints](human_in_the_loop/breakpoints.ipynb)
+- [How to add dynamic breakpoints](human_in_the_loop/dynamic_breakpoints.ipynb)
+- [How to edit graph state](human_in_the_loop/edit-graph-state.ipynb)
+- [How to wait for user input](human_in_the_loop/wait-user-input.ipynb)
 - [How to view and update past graph state](human_in_the_loop/time-travel.ipynb)
+- [How to review tool calls](human_in_the_loop/review-tool-calls.ipynb)

 ### Streaming

@@ -93,7 +79,6 @@ These how-to guides show common patterns for tool calling with LangGraph:
 - [How to handle tool calling errors](tool-calling-errors.ipynb)
 - [How to pass runtime values to tools](pass-run-time-values-to-tools.ipynb)
 - [How to pass config to tools](pass-config-to-tools.ipynb)
- [How to update graph state from tools](update-state-from-tools.ipynb)
 - [How to handle large numbers of tools](many-tools.ipynb)

 ### Subgraphs
@@ -104,15 +89,6 @@ These how-to guides show common patterns for tool calling with LangGraph:
 - [How to view and update state in subgraphs](subgraphs-manage-state.ipynb)
 - [How to transform inputs and outputs of a subgraph](subgraph-transform-state.ipynb)

-### Multi-agent
-
-[Multi-agent systems](../concepts/multi_agent.md) are useful to break down complex LLM applications into multiple agents, each responsible for a different part of the application. These how-to guides show how to implement multi-agent systems in LangGraph:
-
- [How to build a multi-agent network](multi-agent-network.ipynb)
- [How to add multi-turn conversation in a multi-agent application](multi-agent-multi-turn-convo.ipynb)
-
-See the [multi-agent tutorials](../tutorials/index.md#multi-agent-systems) for implementations of other multi-agent architectures.
-
 ### State Management

 - [How to use Pydantic model as state](state-model.ipynb)
@@ -143,7 +119,6 @@ These guides show how to use the prebuilt ReAct agent:
 - [How to add a custom system prompt to a ReAct agent](create-react-agent-system-prompt.ipynb)
 - [How to add human-in-the-loop processes to a ReAct agent](create-react-agent-hitl.ipynb)
 - [How to create prebuilt ReAct agent from scratch](react-agent-from-scratch.ipynb)
- [How to add semantic search for long-term memory to a ReAct agent](memory/semantic-search.ipynb#using-in-create-react-agent)

 ## LangGraph Platform

@@ -8,15 +8,12 @@
    "\n",
    "This guide shows how to enable semantic search in your agent's memory store. This lets search for items in the store by semantic similarity.\n",
    "\n",
-    "!!! tip Prerequisites\n",
-    "    This guide assumes familiarity with the [memory in LangGraph](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/concepts/memory/).\n",
-    "\n",
    "First, install this guide's prerequisites."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
@@ -26,7 +23,7 @@
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
+   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
@@ -46,23 +43,14 @@
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
-    "Next, create the store with an [index configuration](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/reference/store/#langgraph.store.base.IndexConfig). By default, stores are configured without semantic/vector search. You can opt in to indexing items when creating the store by providing an [IndexConfig](https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/reference/store/#langgraph.store.base.IndexConfig) to the store's constructor. If your store class does not implement this interface, or if you do not pass in an index configuration, semantic search is disabled, and all `index` arguments passed to `put` or `aput` will have no effect. Below is an example."
+    "Next, create the store."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 2,
+   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stderr",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "/var/folders/gf/6rnp_mbx5914kx7qmmh7xzmw0000gn/T/ipykernel_83572/2318027494.py:5: LangChainBetaWarning: The function `init_embeddings` is in beta. It is actively being worked on, so the API may change.\n",
-      "  embeddings = init_embeddings(\"openai:text-embedding-3-small\")\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.embeddings import init_embeddings\n",
    "from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore\n",
@@ -86,7 +74,7 @@
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 3,
+   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
@@ -107,7 +95,7 @@
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
+   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
@@ -134,73 +122,12 @@
   "source": [
    "## Using in your agent\n",
    "\n",
-    "Add semantic search to any node by injecting the store."
+    "Add semantic search to any node by injecting the store:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "What are you in the mood for? Since you love Italian food and pizza, would you like to order a pizza or try making one at home?"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "from typing import Optional\n",
-    "\n",
-    "from langchain.chat_models import init_chat_model\n",
-    "from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore\n",
-    "\n",
-    "from langgraph.graph import START, MessagesState, StateGraph\n",
-    "\n",
-    "llm = init_chat_model(\"openai:gpt-4o-mini\")\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "def chat(state, *, store: BaseStore):\n",
-    "    # Search based on user's last message\n",
-    "    items = store.search(\n",
-    "        (\"user_123\", \"memories\"), query=state[\"messages\"][-1].content, limit=2\n",
-    "    )\n",
-    "    memories = \"\\n\".join(item.value[\"text\"] for item in items)\n",
-    "    memories = f\"## Memories of user\\n{memories}\" if memories else \"\"\n",
-    "    response = llm.invoke(\n",
-    "        [\n",
-    "            {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": f\"You are a helpful assistant.\\n{memories}\"},\n",
-    "            *state[\"messages\"],\n",
-    "        ]\n",
-    "    )\n",
-    "    return {\"messages\": [response]}\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)\n",
-    "builder.add_node(chat)\n",
-    "builder.add_edge(START, \"chat\")\n",
-    "graph = builder.compile(store=store)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "for message, metadata in graph.stream(\n",
-    "    input={\"messages\": [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"I'm hungry\"}]},\n",
-    "    stream_mode=\"messages\",\n",
-    "):\n",
-    "    print(message.content, end=\"\")"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Using in `create_react_agent`\n",
-    "\n",
-    "Add semantic search to your tool calling agent by injecting the store in the `state_modifier`. You can also use the store in a tool to let your agent manually store or search for memories."
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
@@ -215,7 +142,7 @@
    "from langgraph.prebuilt import create_react_agent\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def prepare_messages(state, *, store: BaseStore):\n",
+    "def add_memories(state, *, store: BaseStore):\n",
    "    # Search based on user's last message\n",
    "    items = store.search(\n",
    "        (\"user_123\", \"memories\"), query=state[\"messages\"][-1].content, limit=2\n",
@@ -227,7 +154,6 @@
    "    ] + state[\"messages\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "# You can also use the store directly within a tool!\n",
    "def upsert_memory(\n",
    "    content: str,\n",
    "    *,\n",
@@ -235,7 +161,6 @@
    "    store: Annotated[BaseStore, InjectedToolArg],\n",
    "):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Upsert a memory in the database.\"\"\"\n",
-    "    # The LLM can use this tool to store a new memory\n",
    "    mem_id = memory_id or uuid.uuid4()\n",
    "    store.put(\n",
    "        (\"user_123\", \"memories\"),\n",
@@ -248,28 +173,26 @@
    "agent = create_react_agent(\n",
    "    init_chat_model(\"openai:gpt-4o-mini\"),\n",
    "    tools=[upsert_memory],\n",
-    "    # The state_modifier is run to prepare the messages for the LLM. It is called\n",
-    "    # right before each LLM call\n",
-    "    state_modifier=prepare_messages,\n",
+    "    state_modifier=add_memories,\n",
    "    store=store,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
+   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
-      "What are you in the mood for? Since you love Italian food and pizza, maybe something in that realm would be great! Would you like suggestions for a specific dish or restaurant?"
+      "What are you in the mood for? Since you love Italian food and pizza, would you like some recommendations for a delicious pizza or a different Italian dish?"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
-    "for message, metadata in agent.stream(\n",
+    "async for message, metadata in agent.astream(\n",
    "    input={\"messages\": [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"I'm hungry\"}]},\n",
    "    stream_mode=\"messages\",\n",
    "):\n",
@@ -289,31 +212,9 @@
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 8,
+   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Expect mem 2\n",
-      "Item: mem2; Score (0.5895009051396596)\n",
-      "Memory: Ate alone at home\n",
-      "Emotion: felt a bit lonely\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Expect mem1\n",
-      "Item: mem1; Score (0.6207546534134083)\n",
-      "Memory: Had pizza with friends at Mario's\n",
-      "Emotion: felt happy and connected\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Expect random lower score (ravioli not indexed)\n",
-      "Item: mem1; Score (0.2686278787315685)\n",
-      "Memory: Had pizza with friends at Mario's\n",
-      "Emotion: felt happy and connected\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Configure store to embed both memory content and emotional context\n",
    "store = InMemoryStore(\n",
@@ -375,7 +276,7 @@
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
@@ -383,12 +284,12 @@
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Expect mem1\n",
-      "Item: mem1; Score (0.3374968677940555)\n",
+      "Item: mem1; Score (0.3374698138722726)\n",
      "Memory: I love spicy food\n",
      "Context: At a Thai restaurant\n",
      "\n",
      "Expect mem2\n",
-      "Item: mem2; Score (0.36784461593247436)\n",
+      "Item: mem2; Score (0.3679447999059255)\n",
      "Memory: The restaurant was too loud\n",
      "Context: Dinner at an Italian place\n",
      "\n"
@@ -396,6 +297,7 @@
    }
   ],
   "source": [
+    "embeddings = init_embeddings(\"openai:text-embedding-3-small\")\n",
    "store = InMemoryStore(\n",
    "    index={\n",
    "        \"embed\": embeddings,\n",
@@ -452,26 +354,9 @@
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 10,
+   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Expect mem1\n",
-      "Item: mem1; Score (0.32269984224327286)\n",
-      "Memory: I love chocolate ice cream\n",
-      "Type: preference\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Expect low score (mem2 not indexed)\n",
-      "Item: mem1; Score (0.010241633698527089)\n",
-      "Memory: I love chocolate ice cream\n",
-      "Type: preference\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "store = InMemoryStore(index={\"embed\": embeddings, \"dims\": 1536, \"fields\": [\"memory\"]})\n",
    "\n",
@@ -506,6 +391,13 @@
    "    print(f\"Memory: {r.value['memory']}\")\n",
    "    print(f\"Type: {r.value['type']}\\n\")"
   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@
    "from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig\n",
    "\n",
    "from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (\n",
-    "    WRITES_IDX_MAP,\n",
    "    BaseCheckpointSaver,\n",
    "    ChannelVersions,\n",
    "    Checkpoint,\n",
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@
    "from redis import Redis\n",
    "from redis.asyncio import Redis as AsyncRedis\n",
    "\n",
-    "REDIS_KEY_SEPARATOR = \"$\"\n",
+    "REDIS_KEY_SEPARATOR = \":\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Utilities shared by both RedisSaver and AsyncRedisSaver\n",
@@ -247,6 +246,17 @@
    "    return keys\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
+    "def _dump_writes(serde: SerializerProtocol, writes: tuple[str, Any]) -> list[dict]:\n",
+    "    \"\"\"Serialize pending writes.\"\"\"\n",
+    "    serialized_writes = []\n",
+    "    for channel, value in writes:\n",
+    "        type_, serialized_value = serde.dumps_typed(value)\n",
+    "        serialized_writes.append(\n",
+    "            {\"channel\": channel, \"type\": type_, \"value\": serialized_value}\n",
+    "        )\n",
+    "    return serialized_writes\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
    "def _load_writes(\n",
    "    serde: SerializerProtocol, task_id_to_data: dict[tuple[str, str], dict]\n",
    ") -> list[PendingWrite]:\n",
@@ -403,7 +413,7 @@
    "        config: RunnableConfig,\n",
    "        writes: List[Tuple[str, Any]],\n",
    "        task_id: str,\n",
-    "    ) -> None:\n",
+    "    ) -> RunnableConfig:\n",
    "        \"\"\"Store intermediate writes linked to a checkpoint.\n",
    "\n",
    "        Args:\n",
@@ -415,23 +425,12 @@
    "        checkpoint_ns = config[\"configurable\"][\"checkpoint_ns\"]\n",
    "        checkpoint_id = config[\"configurable\"][\"checkpoint_id\"]\n",
    "\n",
-    "        for idx, (channel, value) in enumerate(writes):\n",
+    "        for idx, data in enumerate(_dump_writes(self.serde, writes)):\n",
    "            key = _make_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(\n",
-    "                thread_id,\n",
-    "                checkpoint_ns,\n",
-    "                checkpoint_id,\n",
-    "                task_id,\n",
-    "                WRITES_IDX_MAP.get(channel, idx),\n",
+    "                thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx\n",
    "            )\n",
-    "            type_, serialized_value = self.serde.dumps_typed(value)\n",
-    "            data = {\"channel\": channel, \"type\": type_, \"value\": serialized_value}\n",
-    "            if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes):\n",
-    "                # Use HSET which will overwrite existing values\n",
-    "                self.conn.hset(key, mapping=data)\n",
-    "            else:\n",
-    "                # Use HSETNX which will not overwrite existing values\n",
-    "                for field, value in data.items():\n",
-    "                    self.conn.hsetnx(key, field, value)\n",
+    "            self.conn.hset(key, mapping=data)\n",
+    "        return config\n",
    "\n",
    "    def get_tuple(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Optional[CheckpointTuple]:\n",
    "        \"\"\"Get a checkpoint tuple from Redis.\n",
@@ -464,8 +463,21 @@
    "            checkpoint_id\n",
    "            or _parse_redis_checkpoint_key(checkpoint_key)[\"checkpoint_id\"]\n",
    "        )\n",
-    "        pending_writes = self._load_pending_writes(\n",
-    "            thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id\n",
+    "        writes_key = _make_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(\n",
+    "            thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, \"*\", None\n",
+    "        )\n",
+    "        matching_keys = self.conn.keys(pattern=writes_key)\n",
+    "        parsed_keys = [\n",
+    "            _parse_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(key.decode()) for key in matching_keys\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "        pending_writes = _load_writes(\n",
+    "            self.serde,\n",
+    "            {\n",
+    "                (parsed_key[\"task_id\"], parsed_key[\"idx\"]): self.conn.hgetall(key)\n",
+    "                for key, parsed_key in sorted(\n",
+    "                    zip(matching_keys, parsed_keys), key=lambda x: x[1][\"idx\"]\n",
+    "                )\n",
+    "            },\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        return _parse_redis_checkpoint_data(\n",
    "            self.serde, checkpoint_key, checkpoint_data, pending_writes=pending_writes\n",
@@ -502,37 +514,7 @@
    "        for key in keys:\n",
    "            data = self.conn.hgetall(key)\n",
    "            if data and b\"checkpoint\" in data and b\"metadata\" in data:\n",
-    "                # load pending writes\n",
-    "                checkpoint_id = _parse_redis_checkpoint_key(key.decode())[\n",
-    "                    \"checkpoint_id\"\n",
-    "                ]\n",
-    "                pending_writes = self._load_pending_writes(\n",
-    "                    thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "                yield _parse_redis_checkpoint_data(\n",
-    "                    self.serde, key.decode(), data, pending_writes=pending_writes\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    def _load_pending_writes(\n",
-    "        self, thread_id: str, checkpoint_ns: str, checkpoint_id: str\n",
-    "    ) -> List[PendingWrite]:\n",
-    "        writes_key = _make_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(\n",
-    "            thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, \"*\", None\n",
-    "        )\n",
-    "        matching_keys = self.conn.keys(pattern=writes_key)\n",
-    "        parsed_keys = [\n",
-    "            _parse_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(key.decode()) for key in matching_keys\n",
-    "        ]\n",
-    "        pending_writes = _load_writes(\n",
-    "            self.serde,\n",
-    "            {\n",
-    "                (parsed_key[\"task_id\"], parsed_key[\"idx\"]): self.conn.hgetall(key)\n",
-    "                for key, parsed_key in sorted(\n",
-    "                    zip(matching_keys, parsed_keys), key=lambda x: x[1][\"idx\"]\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "            },\n",
-    "        )\n",
-    "        return pending_writes\n",
+    "                yield _parse_redis_checkpoint_data(self.serde, key.decode(), data)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def _get_checkpoint_key(\n",
    "        self, conn, thread_id: str, checkpoint_ns: str, checkpoint_id: Optional[str]\n",
@@ -655,7 +637,7 @@
    "        config: RunnableConfig,\n",
    "        writes: List[Tuple[str, Any]],\n",
    "        task_id: str,\n",
-    "    ) -> None:\n",
+    "    ) -> RunnableConfig:\n",
    "        \"\"\"Store intermediate writes linked to a checkpoint asynchronously.\n",
    "\n",
    "        This method saves intermediate writes associated with a checkpoint to the database.\n",
@@ -669,23 +651,12 @@
    "        checkpoint_ns = config[\"configurable\"][\"checkpoint_ns\"]\n",
    "        checkpoint_id = config[\"configurable\"][\"checkpoint_id\"]\n",
    "\n",
-    "        for idx, (channel, value) in enumerate(writes):\n",
+    "        for idx, data in enumerate(_dump_writes(self.serde, writes)):\n",
    "            key = _make_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(\n",
-    "                thread_id,\n",
-    "                checkpoint_ns,\n",
-    "                checkpoint_id,\n",
-    "                task_id,\n",
-    "                WRITES_IDX_MAP.get(channel, idx),\n",
+    "                thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx\n",
    "            )\n",
-    "            type_, serialized_value = self.serde.dumps_typed(value)\n",
-    "            data = {\"channel\": channel, \"type\": type_, \"value\": serialized_value}\n",
-    "            if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes):\n",
-    "                # Use HSET which will overwrite existing values\n",
-    "                await self.conn.hset(key, mapping=data)\n",
-    "            else:\n",
-    "                # Use HSETNX which will not overwrite existing values\n",
-    "                for field, value in data.items():\n",
-    "                    await self.conn.hsetnx(key, field, value)\n",
+    "            await self.conn.hset(key, mapping=data)\n",
+    "        return config\n",
    "\n",
    "    async def aget_tuple(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> Optional[CheckpointTuple]:\n",
    "        \"\"\"Get a checkpoint tuple from Redis asynchronously.\n",
@@ -717,8 +688,21 @@
    "            checkpoint_id\n",
    "            or _parse_redis_checkpoint_key(checkpoint_key)[\"checkpoint_id\"]\n",
    "        )\n",
-    "        pending_writes = await self._aload_pending_writes(\n",
-    "            thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id\n",
+    "        writes_key = _make_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(\n",
+    "            thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, \"*\", None\n",
+    "        )\n",
+    "        matching_keys = await self.conn.keys(pattern=writes_key)\n",
+    "        parsed_keys = [\n",
+    "            _parse_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(key.decode()) for key in matching_keys\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "        pending_writes = _load_writes(\n",
+    "            self.serde,\n",
+    "            {\n",
+    "                (parsed_key[\"task_id\"], parsed_key[\"idx\"]): await self.conn.hgetall(key)\n",
+    "                for key, parsed_key in sorted(\n",
+    "                    zip(matching_keys, parsed_keys), key=lambda x: x[1][\"idx\"]\n",
+    "                )\n",
+    "            },\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        return _parse_redis_checkpoint_data(\n",
    "            self.serde, checkpoint_key, checkpoint_data, pending_writes=pending_writes\n",
@@ -754,36 +738,7 @@
    "        for key in keys:\n",
    "            data = await self.conn.hgetall(key)\n",
    "            if data and b\"checkpoint\" in data and b\"metadata\" in data:\n",
-    "                checkpoint_id = _parse_redis_checkpoint_key(key.decode())[\n",
-    "                    \"checkpoint_id\"\n",
-    "                ]\n",
-    "                pending_writes = await self._aload_pending_writes(\n",
-    "                    thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "                yield _parse_redis_checkpoint_data(\n",
-    "                    self.serde, key.decode(), data, pending_writes=pending_writes\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    async def _aload_pending_writes(\n",
-    "        self, thread_id: str, checkpoint_ns: str, checkpoint_id: str\n",
-    "    ) -> List[PendingWrite]:\n",
-    "        writes_key = _make_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(\n",
-    "            thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, \"*\", None\n",
-    "        )\n",
-    "        matching_keys = await self.conn.keys(pattern=writes_key)\n",
-    "        parsed_keys = [\n",
-    "            _parse_redis_checkpoint_writes_key(key.decode()) for key in matching_keys\n",
-    "        ]\n",
-    "        pending_writes = _load_writes(\n",
-    "            self.serde,\n",
-    "            {\n",
-    "                (parsed_key[\"task_id\"], parsed_key[\"idx\"]): await self.conn.hgetall(key)\n",
-    "                for key, parsed_key in sorted(\n",
-    "                    zip(matching_keys, parsed_keys), key=lambda x: x[1][\"idx\"]\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "            },\n",
-    "        )\n",
-    "        return pending_writes\n",
+    "                yield _parse_redis_checkpoint_data(self.serde, key.decode(), data)\n",
    "\n",
    "    async def _aget_checkpoint_key(\n",
    "        self, conn, thread_id: str, checkpoint_ns: str, checkpoint_id: Optional[str]\n",
@@ -1087,7 +1042,7 @@
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.12.3"
+   "version": "3.11.4"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
@@ -1,383 +0,0 @@
-{
- "cells": [
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "7c58c957-83d8-44ff-8580-a9b3dd39a0a9",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "# How to update graph state from tools"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "attachments": {},
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "95f30587-8dd2-40be-920d-59539089c09f",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "!!! info \"Prerequisites\"\n",
-    "    This guide assumes familiarity with the following:\n",
-    "    \n",
-    "    - [Command](../../concepts/low_level/#command)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "A common use case is updating graph state from inside a tool. For example, in a customer support application you might want to look up customer account number or ID in the beginning of the conversation. To update the graph state from the tool, you can return `Command(update={\"my_custom_key\": \"foo\", \"messages\": [...]})` from the tool:\n",
-    "\n",
-    "```python\n",
-    "@tool\n",
-    "def lookup_user_info(tool_call_id: Annotated[str, InjectedToolCallId], config: RunnableConfig):\n",
-    "    \"\"\"Use this to look up user information to better assist them with their questions.\"\"\"\n",
-    "    user_info = get_user_info(config)\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            # update the state keys\n",
-    "            \"user_info\": user_info,\n",
-    "            # update the message history\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [ToolMessage(\"Successfully looked up user information\", tool_call_id=tool_call_id)]\n",
-    "        }\n",
-    "    )\n",
-    "```\n",
-    "\n",
-    "!!! important\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    If you want to use tools that return `Command` and update graph state, you can either use prebuilt [`create_react_agent`][langgraph.prebuilt.chat_agent_executor.create_react_agent] / [`ToolNode`][langgraph.prebuilt.tool_node.ToolNode] components, or implement your own tool-executing node that collects `Command` objects returned by the tools and returns a list of them, e.g.:\n",
-    "    \n",
-    "    ```python\n",
-    "    def call_tools(state):\n",
-    "        ...\n",
-    "        commands = [tools_by_name[call[\"name\"].invoke(call, config={\"coerce_tool_content\": False}) for tool_call in tool_calls]\n",
-    "        return commands\n",
-    "    ```\n",
-    "\n",
-    "This guide shows how you can do this using LangGraph's prebuilt components ([`create_react_agent`][langgraph.prebuilt.chat_agent_executor.create_react_agent] / [`ToolNode`][langgraph.prebuilt.tool_node.ToolNode]).\n",
-    "\n",
-    "!!! note\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    Support for tools that return [`Command`][langgraph.types.Command] was added in LangGraph `v0.2.59`.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "## Setup\n",
-    "\n",
-    "First, let's install the required packages and set our API keys:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
-   "id": "64500eca-1cdc-43d9-9401-f4cd9999881f",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "%%capture --no-stderr\n",
-    "%pip install -U langgraph langchain-openai"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 2,
-   "id": "a3f92fb2-9175-47fa-9c7d-ad5f44bfd20e",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Please provide your OPENAI_API_KEY ········\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "import os\n",
-    "import getpass\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "def _set_if_undefined(var: str):\n",
-    "    if not os.environ.get(var):\n",
-    "        os.environ[var] = getpass.getpass(f\"Please provide your {var}\")\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "_set_if_undefined(\"OPENAI_API_KEY\")"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "caf6ff9f-c1e6-499e-a230-9fa231ea7d2f",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "<div class=\"admonition tip\">\n",
-    "    <p class=\"admonition-title\">Set up <a href=\"https://smith.langchain.com\">LangSmith</a> for LangGraph development</p>\n",
-    "    <p style=\"padding-top: 5px;\">\n",
-    "        Sign up for LangSmith to quickly spot issues and improve the performance of your LangGraph projects. LangSmith lets you use trace data to debug, test, and monitor your LLM apps built with LangGraph — read more about how to get started <a href=\"https://docs.smith.langchain.com\">here</a>. \n",
-    "    </p>\n",
-    "</div>"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "10e9a9c6-fa3f-416c-bac0-3e58d7259908",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "Let's create a simple ReAct style agent that can look up user information and personalize the response based on the user info."
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "4255b9b9-cf67-4cc3-8018-1708f5dfcfd2",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Define tool"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "7de6b010-aab1-4fe8-8251-907fcae78583",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "First, let's define the tool that we'll be using to look up user information. We'll use a naive implementation that simply looks user information up using a dictionary:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "id": "8d070c9f-6e61-4724-85dc-ac4531b9c79a",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "USER_INFO = [\n",
-    "    {\"user_id\": \"1\", \"name\": \"Bob Dylan\", \"location\": \"New York, NY\"},\n",
-    "    {\"user_id\": \"2\", \"name\": \"Taylor Swift\", \"location\": \"Beverly Hills, CA\"},\n",
-    "]\n",
-    "\n",
-    "USER_ID_TO_USER_INFO = {info[\"user_id\"]: info for info in USER_INFO}"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 3,
-   "id": "08d1ecca-ee57-4e97-b8d0-e09de85337d4",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "from langgraph.prebuilt.chat_agent_executor import AgentState\n",
-    "from langgraph.types import Command\n",
-    "from langchain_core.tools import tool\n",
-    "from langchain_core.tools.base import InjectedToolCallId\n",
-    "from langchain_core.messages import ToolMessage\n",
-    "from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig\n",
-    "\n",
-    "from typing_extensions import Any, Annotated\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "class State(AgentState):\n",
-    "    # user provided\n",
-    "    last_name: str\n",
-    "    # updated by the tool\n",
-    "    user_info: dict[str, Any]\n",
-    "\n",
-    "\n",
-    "@tool\n",
-    "def lookup_user_info(\n",
-    "    tool_call_id: Annotated[str, InjectedToolCallId], config: RunnableConfig\n",
-    "):\n",
-    "    \"\"\"Use this to look up user information to better assist them with their questions.\"\"\"\n",
-    "    user_id = config.get(\"configurable\", {}).get(\"user_id\")\n",
-    "    if user_id is None:\n",
-    "        raise ValueError(\"Please provide user ID\")\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    if user_id not in USER_ID_TO_USER_INFO:\n",
-    "        raise ValueError(f\"User '{user_id}' not found\")\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    user_info = USER_ID_TO_USER_INFO[user_id]\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            # update the state keys\n",
-    "            \"user_info\": user_info,\n",
-    "            # update the message history\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                ToolMessage(\n",
-    "                    \"Successfully looked up user information\", tool_call_id=tool_call_id\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "            ],\n",
-    "        }\n",
-    "    )"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "b99e5f24-5e5e-4a34-baae-467182675bb5",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Define prompt"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "cbb06aea-6654-4245-91f8-af6e8f2b5377",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "Let's now add personalization: we'll respond differently to the user based on the state values AFTER the state has been updated from the tool. To achieve this, let's define a function that will dynamically construct the system prompt based on the graph state. It will be called ever time the LLM is called and the function output will be passed to the LLM:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
-   "id": "c553d062-d145-4145-84bd-9b798f7c95c2",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "def state_modifier(state: State):\n",
-    "    user_info = state.get(\"user_info\")\n",
-    "    if user_info is None:\n",
-    "        return state[\"messages\"]\n",
-    "\n",
-    "    system_msg = (\n",
-    "        f\"User name is {user_info['name']}. User lives in {user_info['location']}\"\n",
-    "    )\n",
-    "    return [{\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": system_msg}] + state[\"messages\"]"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "c5acdd5d-68be-466b-9c21-46cbed91d2bc",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Define graph"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "afb65028-0359-46c8-b09c-ffc90180f759",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "Finally, let's combine this into a single graph using the prebuilt `create_react_agent`:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
-   "id": "2d59db29-fd51-4d29-9854-21763a4855e3",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "from langgraph.prebuilt import create_react_agent\n",
-    "from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI\n",
-    "\n",
-    "model = ChatOpenAI(model=\"gpt-4o\")\n",
-    "\n",
-    "agent = create_react_agent(\n",
-    "    model,\n",
-    "    # pass the tool that can update state\n",
-    "    [lookup_user_info],\n",
-    "    state_schema=State,\n",
-    "    # pass dynamic prompt function\n",
-    "    state_modifier=state_modifier,\n",
-    ")"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "0782b8ab-a603-47b8-9a76-77f593402678",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Use it!"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "6165e153-ab28-4404-adea-796c7bd0701b",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "Let's now try running our agent. We'll need to provide user ID in the config so that our tool knows what information to look up:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
-   "id": "de34a58b-1765-4b63-a232-d46790aff884",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content='', additional_kwargs={'tool_calls': [{'id': 'call_7LSUh6ZDvGJAUvlWvXiCK4Gf', 'function': {'arguments': '{}', 'name': 'lookup_user_info'}, 'type': 'function'}], 'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 11, 'prompt_tokens': 56, 'total_tokens': 67, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_9d50cd990b', 'finish_reason': 'tool_calls', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-57eeb216-e35d-4501-aaac-b5c6b26fb17c-0', tool_calls=[{'name': 'lookup_user_info', 'args': {}, 'id': 'call_7LSUh6ZDvGJAUvlWvXiCK4Gf', 'type': 'tool_call'}], usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 56, 'output_tokens': 11, 'total_tokens': 67, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}})]}}\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "{'tools': {'user_info': {'user_id': '1', 'name': 'Bob Dylan', 'location': 'New York, NY'}, 'messages': [ToolMessage(content='Successfully looked up user information', name='lookup_user_info', id='168d8ff8-b021-4c8b-a11a-3b50c30a072c', tool_call_id='call_7LSUh6ZDvGJAUvlWvXiCK4Gf')]}}\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content=\"Hi Bob! Since you're in New York, NY, there are plenty of exciting things to do over the weekend. Here are some suggestions:\\n\\n1. **Explore Central Park**: Take a leisurely walk, rent a bike, or have a picnic in this iconic park.\\n\\n2. **Visit a Museum**: Check out The Metropolitan Museum of Art or the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) for an enriching cultural experience.\\n\\n3. **Broadway Show**: Catch a Broadway show or an off-Broadway performance for some world-class entertainment.\\n\\n4. **Food Tour**: Explore different neighborhoods like Greenwich Village or Williamsburg for diverse culinary experiences.\\n\\n5. **Brooklyn Bridge Walk**: Take a walk across the Brooklyn Bridge for stunning views of the city skyline.\\n\\n6. **Visit a Rooftop Bar**: Enjoy a drink with a view at one of New York’s many rooftop bars.\\n\\n7. **Explore a New Neighborhood**: Discover the unique charm of areas like SoHo, Chelsea, or Astoria.\\n\\n8. **Live Music**: Check out live music venues for a night of great performances.\\n\\n9. **Art Galleries**: Visit some of the smaller art galleries around Chelsea or the Lower East Side.\\n\\n10. **Attend a Local Event**: Look up any local events or festivals happening this weekend.\\n\\nFeel free to let me know if you want more details on any of these activities!\", additional_kwargs={'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 285, 'prompt_tokens': 95, 'total_tokens': 380, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_9d50cd990b', 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-f13ce15b-02b6-40e6-8264-c4d9edd0d03a-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 95, 'output_tokens': 285, 'total_tokens': 380, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}})]}}\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "for chunk in agent.stream(\n",
-    "    {\"messages\": [(\"user\", \"hi, what should i do this weekend?\")]},\n",
-    "    # provide user ID in the config\n",
-    "    {\"configurable\": {\"user_id\": \"1\"}},\n",
-    "):\n",
-    "    print(chunk)\n",
-    "    print(\"\\n\")"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "id": "d9b2281f-269c-41dd-b6b2-4c743f11ffc9",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "We can see that the model correctly recommended some New York activities for Bob Dylan! Let's try getting recommendations for Taylor Swift:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
-   "id": "9d71af94-572a-4961-88a7-665e792cf96a",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content='', additional_kwargs={'tool_calls': [{'id': 'call_5HLtJtzcgmKbtmK6By21wW5Y', 'function': {'arguments': '{}', 'name': 'lookup_user_info'}, 'type': 'function'}], 'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 11, 'prompt_tokens': 56, 'total_tokens': 67, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_c7ca0ebaca', 'finish_reason': 'tool_calls', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-bacacd7d-76cc-4f6b-9e9b-d9e6f00b9391-0', tool_calls=[{'name': 'lookup_user_info', 'args': {}, 'id': 'call_5HLtJtzcgmKbtmK6By21wW5Y', 'type': 'tool_call'}], usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 56, 'output_tokens': 11, 'total_tokens': 67, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}})]}}\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "{'tools': {'user_info': {'user_id': '2', 'name': 'Taylor Swift', 'location': 'Beverly Hills, CA'}, 'messages': [ToolMessage(content='Successfully looked up user information', name='lookup_user_info', id='d81ef31e-6d77-4f13-ae86-e2e6ba567e3d', tool_call_id='call_5HLtJtzcgmKbtmK6By21wW5Y')]}}\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "{'agent': {'messages': [AIMessage(content=\"Hi Taylor! Since you're in Beverly Hills, here are a few suggestions for a fun weekend:\\n\\n1. **Hiking at Runyon Canyon**: Enjoy a scenic hike with beautiful views of Los Angeles. It's a great way to get some exercise and enjoy the outdoors.\\n\\n2. **Visit Rodeo Drive**: Spend some time shopping or window shopping at the famous Rodeo Drive. You might even spot some celebrities!\\n\\n3. **Explore the Getty Center**: Check out the art collections and beautiful gardens at the Getty Center. The architecture and views are stunning.\\n\\n4. **Relax at a Spa**: Treat yourself to a relaxing day at one of Beverly Hills' luxurious spas.\\n\\n5. **Dining Out**: Try a new restaurant or visit your favorite spot for a delicious meal. Beverly Hills has a fantastic dining scene.\\n\\n6. **Attend a Local Event**: Check out any local events or concerts happening this weekend. Beverly Hills often hosts exciting events.\\n\\nEnjoy your weekend!\", additional_kwargs={'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 198, 'prompt_tokens': 95, 'total_tokens': 293, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_c7ca0ebaca', 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-2057df76-f192-4c69-a66a-1f0a86bf5d66-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 95, 'output_tokens': 198, 'total_tokens': 293, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}})]}}\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "for chunk in agent.stream(\n",
-    "    {\"messages\": [(\"user\", \"hi, what should i do this weekend?\")]},\n",
-    "    {\"configurable\": {\"user_id\": \"2\"}},\n",
-    "):\n",
-    "    print(chunk)\n",
-    "    print(\"\\n\")"
-   ]
-  }
- ],
- "metadata": {
-  "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
-   "language": "python",
-   "name": "python3"
-  },
-  "language_info": {
-   "codemirror_mode": {
-    "name": "ipython",
-    "version": 3
-   },
-   "file_extension": ".py",
-   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
-   "name": "python",
-   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
-   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.12.3"
-  }
- },
- "nbformat": 4,
- "nbformat_minor": 5
-}
@@ -13,5 +13,3 @@
        - PregelExecutableTask
        - StateSnapshot
        - Send
-        - Command
-        - interrupt
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ New to LangGraph or LLM app development? Read this material to get up and runnin
 - [LangGraph Quickstart](introduction.ipynb): Build a chatbot that can use tools and keep track of conversation history. Add human-in-the-loop capabilities and explore how time-travel works.
 - [LangGraph Server Quickstart](langgraph-platform/local-server.md): Launch a LangGraph server locally and interact with it using the REST API and LangGraph Studio Web UI.
 - [LangGraph Cloud QuickStart](../cloud/quick_start.md): Deploy a LangGraph app using LangGraph Cloud.
- [LangGraph Template Quickstart](../concepts/template_applications.md): Quickly start building with LangGraph Platform using a template application.

 ## Use cases 🛠️

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This is a quick start guide to help you get a LangGraph app up and running local
 ## Install the LangGraph CLI

 ```bash
-pip install -U "langgraph-cli[inmem]" python-dotenv
+pip install "langgraph-cli[inmem]==0.1.58" python-dotenv
 ```

 ## 🌱 Create a LangGraph App
@@ -250,4 +250,4 @@ Access detailed documentation for development and API usage:

 - **[LangGraph Server API Reference](../../cloud/reference/api/api_ref.html)**: Explore the LangGraph Server API documentation.  
 - **[Python SDK Reference](../../cloud/reference/sdk/python_sdk_ref.md)**: Explore the Python SDK API Reference.
- **[JS/TS SDK Reference](../../cloud/reference/sdk/js_ts_sdk_ref.md)**: Explore the Python SDK API Reference.
+- **[JS/TS SDK Reference](../../cloud/reference/sdk/js_ts_sdk_ref.md)**: Explore the Python SDK API Reference.
@@ -289,10 +289,15 @@
    "from langchain_core.language_models.chat_models import BaseChatModel\n",
    "\n",
    "from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START, END\n",
-    "from langgraph.types import Command\n",
    "from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, trim_messages\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
+    "# The agent state is the input to each node in the graph\n",
+    "class AgentState(MessagesState):\n",
+    "    # The 'next' field indicates where to route to next\n",
+    "    next: str\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
    "def make_supervisor_node(llm: BaseChatModel, members: list[str]) -> str:\n",
    "    options = [\"FINISH\"] + members\n",
    "    system_prompt = (\n",
@@ -308,17 +313,17 @@
    "\n",
    "        next: Literal[*options]\n",
    "\n",
-    "    def supervisor_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[*members, \"__end__\"]]:\n",
+    "    def supervisor_node(state: MessagesState) -> MessagesState:\n",
    "        \"\"\"An LLM-based router.\"\"\"\n",
    "        messages = [\n",
    "            {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": system_prompt},\n",
    "        ] + state[\"messages\"]\n",
    "        response = llm.with_structured_output(Router).invoke(messages)\n",
-    "        goto = response[\"next\"]\n",
-    "        if goto == \"FINISH\":\n",
-    "            goto = END\n",
+    "        next_ = response[\"next\"]\n",
+    "        if next_ == \"FINISH\":\n",
+    "            next_ = END\n",
    "\n",
-    "        return Command(goto=goto)\n",
+    "        return {\"next\": next_}\n",
    "\n",
    "    return supervisor_node"
   ]
@@ -358,33 +363,25 @@
    "search_agent = create_react_agent(llm, tools=[tavily_tool])\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def search_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def search_node(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    result = search_agent.invoke(state)\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"search\")\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        # We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"search\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "web_scraper_agent = create_react_agent(llm, tools=[scrape_webpages])\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def web_scraper_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def web_scraper_node(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    result = web_scraper_agent.invoke(state)\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"web_scraper\")\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        # We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"web_scraper\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "research_supervisor_node = make_supervisor_node(llm, [\"search\", \"web_scraper\"])"
@@ -415,7 +412,14 @@
    "research_builder.add_node(\"search\", search_node)\n",
    "research_builder.add_node(\"web_scraper\", web_scraper_node)\n",
    "\n",
+    "# Define the control flow\n",
    "research_builder.add_edge(START, \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "# We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
+    "research_builder.add_edge(\"search\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "research_builder.add_edge(\"web_scraper\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "# Add the edges where routing applies\n",
+    "research_builder.add_conditional_edges(\"supervisor\", lambda state: state[\"next\"])\n",
+    "\n",
    "research_graph = research_builder.compile()"
   ]
  },
@@ -528,17 +532,13 @@
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def doc_writing_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def doc_writing_node(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    result = doc_writer_agent.invoke(state)\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"doc_writer\")\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        # We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"doc_writer\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "note_taking_agent = create_react_agent(\n",
@@ -551,17 +551,13 @@
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def note_taking_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def note_taking_node(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    result = note_taking_agent.invoke(state)\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"note_taker\")\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        # We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"note_taker\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "chart_generating_agent = create_react_agent(\n",
@@ -569,19 +565,13 @@
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def chart_generating_node(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def chart_generating_node(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    result = chart_generating_agent.invoke(state)\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(\n",
-    "                    content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"chart_generator\"\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        # We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=result[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"chart_generator\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "doc_writing_supervisor_node = make_supervisor_node(\n",
@@ -610,13 +600,21 @@
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create the graph here\n",
-    "paper_writing_builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)\n",
+    "paper_writing_builder = StateGraph(AgentState)\n",
    "paper_writing_builder.add_node(\"supervisor\", doc_writing_supervisor_node)\n",
    "paper_writing_builder.add_node(\"doc_writer\", doc_writing_node)\n",
    "paper_writing_builder.add_node(\"note_taker\", note_taking_node)\n",
    "paper_writing_builder.add_node(\"chart_generator\", chart_generating_node)\n",
    "\n",
+    "# Define the control flow\n",
    "paper_writing_builder.add_edge(START, \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "# We want our workers to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the supervisor when done\n",
+    "paper_writing_builder.add_edge(\"doc_writer\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "paper_writing_builder.add_edge(\"note_taker\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "paper_writing_builder.add_edge(\"chart_generator\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "# Add the edges where routing applies\n",
+    "paper_writing_builder.add_conditional_edges(\"supervisor\", lambda state: state[\"next\"])\n",
+    "\n",
    "paper_writing_graph = paper_writing_builder.compile()"
   ]
  },
@@ -730,41 +728,37 @@
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
-    "def call_research_team(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def call_research_team(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    response = research_graph.invoke({\"messages\": state[\"messages\"][-1]})\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(\n",
-    "                    content=response[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"research_team\"\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=response[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"research_team\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
-    "def call_paper_writing_team(state: MessagesState) -> Command[Literal[\"supervisor\"]]:\n",
+    "def call_paper_writing_team(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:\n",
    "    response = paper_writing_graph.invoke({\"messages\": state[\"messages\"][-1]})\n",
-    "    return Command(\n",
-    "        update={\n",
-    "            \"messages\": [\n",
-    "                HumanMessage(\n",
-    "                    content=response[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"writing_team\"\n",
-    "                )\n",
-    "            ]\n",
-    "        },\n",
-    "        goto=\"supervisor\",\n",
-    "    )\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"messages\": [\n",
+    "            HumanMessage(content=response[\"messages\"][-1].content, name=\"writing_team\")\n",
+    "        ]\n",
+    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Define the graph.\n",
-    "super_builder = StateGraph(MessagesState)\n",
+    "super_builder = StateGraph(AgentState)\n",
    "super_builder.add_node(\"supervisor\", teams_supervisor_node)\n",
    "super_builder.add_node(\"research_team\", call_research_team)\n",
    "super_builder.add_node(\"writing_team\", call_paper_writing_team)\n",
    "\n",
+    "# Define the control flow\n",
    "super_builder.add_edge(START, \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "# We want our teams to ALWAYS \"report back\" to the top-level supervisor when done\n",
+    "super_builder.add_edge(\"research_team\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "super_builder.add_edge(\"writing_team\", \"supervisor\")\n",
+    "# Add the edges where routing applies\n",
+    "super_builder.add_conditional_edges(\"supervisor\", lambda state: state[\"next\"])\n",
    "super_graph = super_builder.compile()"
   ]
  },
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%capture --no-stderr\n",
-    "%pip install -U langgraph langchain_anthropic langsmith langchain-community\n",
+    "%pip install -U langgraph langchain_anthropic langsmith\n",
    "%pip install -U sklearn langchain_openai"
   ]
  },
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
-    "from langchain_community.cache import InMemoryCache\n",
+    "from langchain.cache import InMemoryCache\n",
    "from langchain.globals import set_llm_cache\n",
    "\n",
    "# Optional. If you are running into errors or rate limits and want to avoid repeated computation,\n",
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ nav:
            - how-tos/branching.ipynb
            - how-tos/map-reduce.ipynb
            - how-tos/recursion-limit.ipynb
-            - how-tos/command.ipynb
        - Persistence:
            - Persistence: how-tos#persistence
            - how-tos/persistence.ipynb
@@ -192,7 +191,6 @@ nav:
            - how-tos/tool-calling.ipynb
            - how-tos/tool-calling-errors.ipynb
            - how-tos/pass-run-time-values-to-tools.ipynb
-            - how-tos/update-state-from-tools.ipynb
            - how-tos/pass-config-to-tools.ipynb
            - how-tos/many-tools.ipynb
        - Subgraphs:
@@ -200,8 +198,6 @@ nav:
            - how-tos/subgraph.ipynb
            - how-tos/subgraphs-manage-state.ipynb
            - how-tos/subgraph-transform-state.ipynb
-        - Multi-agent:
-            - how-tos/multi-agent-network.ipynb
        - State Management:
            - State Management: how-tos#state-management
            - how-tos/state-model.ipynb
@@ -57,17 +57,6 @@ MIGRATIONS = [
    PRIMARY KEY (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx)
 );""",
    "ALTER TABLE checkpoint_blobs ALTER COLUMN blob DROP not null;",
-    """
-    """,
-    """
-    CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS checkpoints_thread_id_idx ON checkpoints(thread_id);
-    """,
-    """
-    CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS checkpoint_blobs_thread_id_idx ON checkpoint_blobs(thread_id);
-    """,
-    """
-    CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS checkpoint_writes_thread_id_idx ON checkpoint_writes(thread_id);
-    """,
 ]

 SELECT_SQL = f"""
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union, cast

 import orjson
 from psycopg import AsyncConnection, AsyncCursor, AsyncPipeline, Capabilities
+from psycopg.errors import UndefinedTable
 from psycopg.rows import DictRow, dict_row
 from psycopg_pool import AsyncConnectionPool

@@ -98,11 +99,6 @@ class AsyncPostgresStore(AsyncBatchedBaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_ainternal.Con
        1. Call `setup()` before first use to create necessary tables and indexes
        2. Have the pgvector extension available to use vector search
        3. Use Python 3.10+ for async functionality
-
-    Note:
-        Semantic search is disabled by default. You can enable it by providing an `index` configuration
-        when creating the store. Without this configuration, all `index` arguments passed to
-        `put` or `aput`will have no effect.
    """

    __slots__ = (
@@ -155,6 +151,9 @@ class AsyncPostgresStore(AsyncBatchedBaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_ainternal.Con

        return results

+    def batch(self, ops: Iterable[Op]) -> list[Result]:
+        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.abatch(ops), self.loop).result()
+
    @classmethod
    @asynccontextmanager
    async def from_conn_string(
@@ -215,19 +214,22 @@ class AsyncPostgresStore(AsyncBatchedBaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_ainternal.Con
        """

        async def _get_version(cur: AsyncCursor[DictRow], table: str) -> int:
-            await cur.execute(
-                f"""
-                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (
-                    v INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
-                )
-            """
-            )
-            await cur.execute(f"SELECT v FROM {table} ORDER BY v DESC LIMIT 1")
-            row = cast(dict, await cur.fetchone())
-            if row is None:
+            try:
+                await cur.execute(f"SELECT v FROM {table} ORDER BY v DESC LIMIT 1")
+                row = await cur.fetchone()
+                if row is None:
+                    version = -1
+                else:
+                    version = row["v"]
+            except UndefinedTable:
                version = -1
-            else:
-                version = row["v"]
+                await cur.execute(
+                    f"""
+                    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (
+                        v INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
+                    )
+                """
+                )
            return version

        async with self._cursor() as cur:
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from typing import (

 import orjson
 from psycopg import Capabilities, Connection, Cursor, Pipeline
+from psycopg.errors import UndefinedTable
 from psycopg.rows import DictRow, dict_row
 from psycopg.types.json import Jsonb
 from psycopg_pool import ConnectionPool
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS store (
 """,
    """
 -- For faster lookups by prefix
-CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS store_prefix_idx ON store USING btree (prefix text_pattern_ops);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS store_prefix_idx ON store USING btree (prefix text_pattern_ops);
 """,
 ]

@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS store_vectors (
    ),
    Migration(
        """
-CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS store_vectors_embedding_idx ON store_vectors 
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS store_vectors_embedding_idx ON store_vectors 
    USING %(index_type)s (embedding %(ops)s)%(index_params)s;
 """,
        condition=lambda store: bool(
@@ -574,11 +575,6 @@ class PostgresStore(BaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_pg_internal.Conn]):
        results = store.search(("docs",), query="python programming")
        ```

-    Note:
-        Semantic search is disabled by default. You can enable it by providing an `index` configuration
-        when creating the store. Without this configuration, all `index` arguments passed to
-        `put` or `aput`will have no effect.
-
    Warning:
        Make sure to call `setup()` before first use to create necessary tables and indexes.
        The pgvector extension must be available to use vector search.
@@ -846,19 +842,22 @@ class PostgresStore(BaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_pg_internal.Conn]):
        """

        def _get_version(cur: Cursor[dict[str, Any]], table: str) -> int:
-            cur.execute(
-                f"""
-                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (
-                    v INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
-                )
-            """
-            )
-            cur.execute(f"SELECT v FROM {table} ORDER BY v DESC LIMIT 1")
-            row = cast(dict, cur.fetchone())
-            if row is None:
+            try:
+                cur.execute(f"SELECT v FROM {table} ORDER BY v DESC LIMIT 1")
+                row = cast(dict, cur.fetchone())
+                if row is None:
+                    version = -1
+                else:
+                    version = row["v"]
+            except UndefinedTable:
                version = -1
-            else:
-                version = row["v"]
+                cur.execute(
+                    f"""
+                    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table} (
+                        v INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
+                    )
+                """
+                )
            return version

        with self._cursor() as cur:
@@ -13,24 +13,24 @@ files = [

 [[package]]
 name = "anyio"
-version = "4.7.0"
+version = "4.6.2.post1"
 description = "High level compatibility layer for multiple asynchronous event loop implementations"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
-    {file = "anyio-4.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ea60c3723ab42ba6fff7e8ccb0488c898ec538ff4df1f1d5e642c3601d07e352"},
-    {file = "anyio-4.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2f834749c602966b7d456a7567cafcb309f96482b5081d14ac93ccd457f9dd48"},
+    {file = "anyio-4.6.2.post1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6d170c36fba3bdd840c73d3868c1e777e33676a69c3a72cf0a0d5d6d8009b61d"},
+    {file = "anyio-4.6.2.post1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4c8bc31ccdb51c7f7bd251f51c609e038d63e34219b44aa86e47576389880b4c"},
 ]

 [package.dependencies]
 exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.2", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 idna = ">=2.8"
 sniffio = ">=1.1"
-typing_extensions = {version = ">=4.5", markers = "python_version < \"3.13\""}
+typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}

 [package.extras]
-doc = ["Sphinx (>=7.4,<8.0)", "packaging", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)", "sphinx_rtd_theme"]
-test = ["anyio[trio]", "coverage[toml] (>=7)", "exceptiongroup (>=1.2.0)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "psutil (>=5.9)", "pytest (>=7.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "truststore (>=0.9.1)", "uvloop (>=0.21)"]
+doc = ["Sphinx (>=7.4,<8.0)", "packaging", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme"]
+test = ["anyio[trio]", "coverage[toml] (>=7)", "exceptiongroup (>=1.2.0)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "psutil (>=5.9)", "pytest (>=7.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "truststore (>=0.9.1)", "uvloop (>=0.21.0b1)"]
 trio = ["trio (>=0.26.1)"]

 [[package]]
@@ -244,13 +244,13 @@ trio = ["trio (>=0.22.0,<1.0)"]

 [[package]]
 name = "httpx"
-version = "0.28.0"
+version = "0.27.2"
 description = "The next generation HTTP client."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "httpx-0.28.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:dc0b419a0cfeb6e8b34e85167c0da2671206f5095f1baa9663d23bcfd6b535fc"},
-    {file = "httpx-0.28.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0858d3bab51ba7e386637f22a61d8ccddaeec5f3fe4209da3a6168dbb91573e0"},
+    {file = "httpx-0.27.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7bb2708e112d8fdd7829cd4243970f0c223274051cb35ee80c03301ee29a3df0"},
+    {file = "httpx-0.27.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f7c2be1d2f3c3c3160d441802406b206c2b76f5947b11115e6df10c6c65e66c2"},
 ]

 [package.dependencies]
@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ anyio = "*"
 certifi = "*"
 httpcore = "==1.*"
 idna = "*"
+sniffio = "*"

 [package.extras]
 brotli = ["brotli", "brotlicffi"]
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ typing-extensions = ">=4.7"

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "2.0.8"
+version = "2.0.7"
 description = "Library with base interfaces for LangGraph checkpoint savers."
 optional = false
 python-versions = "^3.9.0,<4.0"
@@ -740,13 +741,13 @@ typing-extensions = ">=4.6"

 [[package]]
 name = "pydantic"
-version = "2.10.3"
+version = "2.10.2"
 description = "Data validation using Python type hints"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "pydantic-2.10.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:be04d85bbc7b65651c5f8e6b9976ed9c6f41782a55524cef079a34a0bb82144d"},
-    {file = "pydantic-2.10.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cb5ac360ce894ceacd69c403187900a02c4b20b693a9dd1d643e1effab9eadf9"},
+    {file = "pydantic-2.10.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cfb96e45951117c3024e6b67b25cdc33a3cb7b2fa62e239f7af1378358a1d99e"},
+    {file = "pydantic-2.10.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2bc2d7f17232e0841cbba4641e65ba1eb6fafb3a08de3a091ff3ce14a197c4fa"},
 ]

 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "2.0.8"
+version = "2.0.7"
 description = "Library with a Postgres implementation of LangGraph checkpoint saver."
 authors = []
 license = "MIT"
@@ -63,8 +63,9 @@ async def _pipe_saver():
            prepare_threshold=0,
            row_factory=dict_row,
        ) as conn:
-            checkpointer = AsyncPostgresSaver(conn)
-            await checkpointer.setup()
+            async with conn.pipeline() as pipe:
+                checkpointer = AsyncPostgresSaver(conn, pipe=pipe)
+                await checkpointer.setup()
            async with conn.pipeline() as pipe:
                checkpointer = AsyncPostgresSaver(conn, pipe=pipe)
                yield checkpointer
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 # type: ignore
-import asyncio
 import itertools
 import sys
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any, Optional

@@ -12,13 +10,7 @@ import pytest
 from langchain_core.embeddings import Embeddings
 from psycopg import AsyncConnection

-from langgraph.store.base import (
-    GetOp,
-    Item,
-    ListNamespacesOp,
-    PutOp,
-    SearchOp,
-)
+from langgraph.store.base import GetOp, Item, ListNamespacesOp, PutOp, SearchOp
 from langgraph.store.postgres import AsyncPostgresStore
 from tests.conftest import (
    DEFAULT_URI,
@@ -71,128 +63,6 @@ async def store(request) -> AsyncIterator[AsyncPostgresStore]:
            await conn.execute(f"DROP DATABASE {database}")


-async def test_no_running_loop(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
-        store.put(("foo", "bar"), "baz", {"val": "baz"})
-    with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
-        store.get(("foo", "bar"), "baz")
-    with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
-        store.delete(("foo", "bar"), "baz")
-    with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
-        store.search(("foo", "bar"))
-    with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
-        store.list_namespaces(prefix=("foo",))
-    with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
-        store.batch([PutOp(namespace=("foo", "bar"), key="baz", value={"val": "baz"})])
-    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:
-        future = executor.submit(store.put, ("foo", "bar"), "baz", {"val": "baz"})
-        result = await asyncio.wrap_future(future)
-        assert result is None
-        future = executor.submit(store.get, ("foo", "bar"), "baz")
-        result = await asyncio.wrap_future(future)
-        assert result.value == {"val": "baz"}
-        result = await asyncio.wrap_future(
-            executor.submit(store.list_namespaces, prefix=("foo",))
-        )
-
-
-async def test_large_batches(request: Any, store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
-    N = 100  # less important that we are performant here
-    M = 10
-
-    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
-        futures = []
-        for m in range(M):
-            for i in range(N):
-                futures += [
-                    executor.submit(
-                        store.put,
-                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                        f"key{i}",
-                        value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
-                    ),
-                    executor.submit(
-                        store.get,
-                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                        f"key{i}",
-                    ),
-                    executor.submit(
-                        store.list_namespaces,
-                        prefix=None,
-                        max_depth=m + 1,
-                    ),
-                    executor.submit(
-                        store.search,
-                        ("test",),
-                    ),
-                    executor.submit(
-                        store.put,
-                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                        f"key{i}",
-                        value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
-                    ),
-                    executor.submit(
-                        store.put,
-                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                        f"key{i}",
-                        None,
-                    ),
-                ]
-
-        results = await asyncio.gather(
-            *(asyncio.wrap_future(future) for future in futures)
-        )
-    assert len(results) == M * N * 6
-
-
-async def test_large_batches_async(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
-    N = 1000
-    M = 10
-    coros = []
-    for m in range(M):
-        for i in range(N):
-            coros.append(
-                store.aput(
-                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                    f"key{i}",
-                    value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
-                )
-            )
-            coros.append(
-                store.aget(
-                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                    f"key{i}",
-                )
-            )
-            coros.append(
-                store.alist_namespaces(
-                    prefix=None,
-                    max_depth=m + 1,
-                )
-            )
-            coros.append(
-                store.asearch(
-                    ("test",),
-                )
-            )
-            coros.append(
-                store.aput(
-                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                    f"key{i}",
-                    value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
-                )
-            )
-            coros.append(
-                store.adelete(
-                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
-                    f"key{i}",
-                )
-            )
-
-    results = await asyncio.gather(*coros)
-    assert len(results) == M * N * 6
-
-
 async def test_abatch_order(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
    # Setup test data
    await store.aput(("test", "foo"), "key1", {"data": "value1"})
@@ -57,8 +57,9 @@ def _pipe_saver():
            prepare_threshold=0,
            row_factory=dict_row,
        ) as conn:
-            checkpointer = PostgresSaver(conn)
-            checkpointer.setup()
+            with conn.pipeline() as pipe:
+                checkpointer = PostgresSaver(conn, pipe=pipe)
+                checkpointer.setup()
            with conn.pipeline() as pipe:
                checkpointer = PostgresSaver(conn, pipe=pipe)
                yield checkpointer
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
 import pickle
@@ -5,6 +6,7 @@ import random
 import shutil
 from collections import defaultdict
 from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager, ExitStack
+from functools import partial
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any, AsyncIterator, Dict, Iterator, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type

@@ -393,7 +395,9 @@ class MemorySaver(
        Returns:
            Optional[CheckpointTuple]: The retrieved checkpoint tuple, or None if no matching checkpoint was found.
        """
-        return self.get_tuple(config)
+        return await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(
+            None, self.get_tuple, config
+        )

    async def alist(
        self,
@@ -414,8 +418,24 @@ class MemorySaver(
        Yields:
            AsyncIterator[CheckpointTuple]: An asynchronous iterator of checkpoint tuples.
        """
-        for item in self.list(config, filter=filter, before=before, limit=limit):
-            yield item
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        iter = await loop.run_in_executor(
+            None,
+            partial(
+                self.list,
+                before=before,
+                limit=limit,
+                filter=filter,
+            ),
+            config,
+        )
+        while True:
+            # handling StopIteration exception inside coroutine won't work
+            # as expected, so using next() with default value to break the loop
+            if item := await loop.run_in_executor(None, next, iter, None):
+                yield item
+            else:
+                break

    async def aput(
        self,
@@ -435,7 +455,9 @@ class MemorySaver(
        Returns:
            RunnableConfig: The updated config containing the saved checkpoint's timestamp.
        """
-        return self.put(config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions)
+        return await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(
+            None, self.put, config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions
+        )

    async def aput_writes(
        self,
@@ -452,9 +474,10 @@ class MemorySaver(
            config (RunnableConfig): The config to associate with the writes.
            writes (List[Tuple[str, Any]]): The writes to save, each as a (channel, value) pair.
            task_id (str): Identifier for the task creating the writes.
-        return self.put_writes(config, writes, task_id)
        """
-        return self.put_writes(config, writes, task_id)
+        return await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(
+            None, self.put_writes, config, writes, task_id
+        )

    def get_next_version(self, current: Optional[str], channel: ChannelProtocol) -> str:
        if current is None:
@@ -438,36 +438,28 @@ def _msgpack_default(obj: Any) -> Union[str, msgpack.ExtType]:
 def _msgpack_ext_hook(code: int, data: bytes) -> Any:
    if code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG:
        try:
-            tup = msgpack.unpackb(
-                data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook, strict_map_key=False
-            )
+            tup = msgpack.unpackb(data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook)
            # module, name, arg
            return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(tup[2])
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS:
        try:
-            tup = msgpack.unpackb(
-                data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook, strict_map_key=False
-            )
+            tup = msgpack.unpackb(data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook)
            # module, name, args
            return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(*tup[2])
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS:
        try:
-            tup = msgpack.unpackb(
-                data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook, strict_map_key=False
-            )
+            tup = msgpack.unpackb(data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook)
            # module, name, args
            return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(**tup[2])
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG:
        try:
-            tup = msgpack.unpackb(
-                data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook, strict_map_key=False
-            )
+            tup = msgpack.unpackb(data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook)
            # module, name, arg, method
            return getattr(getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1]), tup[3])(
                tup[2]
@@ -476,9 +468,7 @@ def _msgpack_ext_hook(code: int, data: bytes) -> Any:
            return
    elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V1:
        try:
-            tup = msgpack.unpackb(
-                data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook, strict_map_key=False
-            )
+            tup = msgpack.unpackb(data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook)
            # module, name, kwargs
            cls = getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])
            try:
@@ -489,9 +479,7 @@ def _msgpack_ext_hook(code: int, data: bytes) -> Any:
            return
    elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V2:
        try:
-            tup = msgpack.unpackb(
-                data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook, strict_map_key=False
-            )
+            tup = msgpack.unpackb(data, ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook)
            # module, name, kwargs, method
            cls = getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])
            try:
@@ -80,16 +80,13 @@ class Item:

    def dict(self) -> dict:
        return {
-            "namespace": list(self.namespace),
-            "key": self.key,
            "value": self.value,
+            "key": self.key,
+            "namespace": list(self.namespace),
            "created_at": self.created_at.isoformat(),
            "updated_at": self.updated_at.isoformat(),
        }

-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"Item({', '.join(f'{k}={v!r}' for k, v in self.dict().items())})"
-

 class SearchItem(Item):
    """Represents an item returned from a search operation with additional metadata."""
@@ -474,11 +471,7 @@ class InvalidNamespaceError(ValueError):


 class IndexConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
-    """Configuration for indexing documents for semantic search in the store.
-
-    If not provided to the store, the store will not support vector search.
-    In that case, all `index` arguments to put() and `aput()` operations will be ignored.
-    """
+    """Configuration for indexing documents for semantic search in the store."""

    dims: int
    """Number of dimensions in the embedding vectors.
@@ -602,15 +595,6 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):

    Stores enable persistence and memory that can be shared across threads,
    scoped to user IDs, assistant IDs, or other arbitrary namespaces.
-    Some implementations may support semantic search capabilities through
-    an optional `index` configuration.
-
-    Note:
-        Semantic search capabilities vary by implementation and are typically
-        disabled by default. Stores that support this feature can be configured
-        by providing an `index` configuration at creation time. Without this
-        configuration, semantic search is disabled and any `index` arguments
-        to storage operations will have no effect.
    """

    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
-import functools
 import weakref
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Literal, Optional, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union

 from langgraph.store.base import (
    BaseStore,
@@ -12,39 +11,11 @@ from langgraph.store.base import (
    NamespacePath,
    Op,
    PutOp,
-    Result,
    SearchItem,
    SearchOp,
    _validate_namespace,
 )

-F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable)
-
-
-def _check_loop(func: F) -> F:
-    @functools.wraps(func)
-    def wrapper(store: "AsyncBatchedBaseStore", *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        method_name: str = func.__name__
-        try:
-            current_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-            if current_loop is store._loop:
-                replacement_str = (
-                    f"Specifically, replace `store.{method_name}(...)` with `await store.a{method_name}(...)"
-                    if method_name
-                    else "For example, replace `store.get(...)` with `await store.aget(...)`"
-                )
-                raise asyncio.InvalidStateError(
-                    f"Synchronous calls to {store.__class__.__name__} detected in the main event loop. "
-                    "This can lead to deadlocks or performance issues. "
-                    "Please use the asynchronous interface for main thread operations. "
-                    f"{replacement_str} "
-                )
-        except RuntimeError:
-            pass
-        return func(store, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    return wrapper
-

 class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
    """Efficiently batch operations in a background task."""
@@ -52,7 +23,6 @@ class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
    __slots__ = ("_loop", "_aqueue", "_task")

    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        super().__init__()
        self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        self._aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op] = {}
        self._task = self._loop.create_task(_run(self._aqueue, weakref.ref(self)))
@@ -129,82 +99,6 @@ class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
        self._aqueue[fut] = op
        return await fut

-    @_check_loop
-    def batch(self, ops: Iterable[Op]) -> list[Result]:
-        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.abatch(ops), self._loop).result()
-
-    @_check_loop
-    def get(
-        self,
-        namespace: tuple[str, ...],
-        key: str,
-    ) -> Optional[Item]:
-        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-            self.aget(namespace, key=key), self._loop
-        ).result()
-
-    @_check_loop
-    def search(
-        self,
-        namespace_prefix: tuple[str, ...],
-        /,
-        *,
-        query: Optional[str] = None,
-        filter: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        limit: int = 10,
-        offset: int = 0,
-    ) -> list[SearchItem]:
-        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-            self.asearch(
-                namespace_prefix, query=query, filter=filter, limit=limit, offset=offset
-            ),
-            self._loop,
-        ).result()
-
-    @_check_loop
-    def put(
-        self,
-        namespace: tuple[str, ...],
-        key: str,
-        value: dict[str, Any],
-        index: Optional[Union[Literal[False], list[str]]] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        _validate_namespace(namespace)
-        asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-            self.aput(namespace, key=key, value=value, index=index), self._loop
-        ).result()
-
-    @_check_loop
-    def delete(
-        self,
-        namespace: tuple[str, ...],
-        key: str,
-    ) -> None:
-        asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-            self.adelete(namespace, key=key), self._loop
-        ).result()
-
-    @_check_loop
-    def list_namespaces(
-        self,
-        *,
-        prefix: Optional[NamespacePath] = None,
-        suffix: Optional[NamespacePath] = None,
-        max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
-        limit: int = 100,
-        offset: int = 0,
-    ) -> list[tuple[str, ...]]:
-        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-            self.alist_namespaces(
-                prefix=prefix,
-                suffix=suffix,
-                max_depth=max_depth,
-                limit=limit,
-                offset=offset,
-            ),
-            self._loop,
-        ).result()
-

 def _dedupe_ops(values: list[Op]) -> tuple[Optional[list[int]], list[Op]]:
    """Dedupe operations while preserving order for results.
@@ -250,8 +144,7 @@ def _dedupe_ops(values: list[Op]) -> tuple[Optional[list[int]], list[Op]]:


 async def _run(
-    aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op],
-    store: weakref.ReferenceType[BaseStore],
+    aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op], store: weakref.ReferenceType[BaseStore]
 ) -> None:
    while True:
        await asyncio.sleep(0)
@@ -154,11 +154,6 @@ class InMemoryStore(BaseStore):
            # Search by similarity
            results = store.search(("docs",), query="python programming")

-    Note:
-        Semantic search is disabled by default. You can enable it by providing an `index` configuration
-        when creating the store. Without this configuration, all `index` arguments passed to
-        `put` or `aput`will have no effect.
-
    Warning:
        This store keeps all data in memory. Data is lost when the process exits.
        For persistence, use a database-backed store like PostgresStore.
@@ -48,12 +48,6 @@ test:
 	make stop-postgres; \
 	exit $$EXIT_CODE

-test_parallel:
-	make start-postgres && poetry run pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST); \
-	EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-	make stop-postgres; \
-	exit $$EXIT_CODE
-
 WORKERS ?= auto
 XDIST_ARGS := $(if $(WORKERS),-n $(WORKERS) --dist worksteal,)
 MAXFAIL ?=
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Generic, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Generic, Optional, Sequence, Type, TypeVar

 from typing_extensions import Self

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ C = TypeVar("C")
 class BaseChannel(Generic[Value, Update, C], ABC):
    __slots__ = ("key", "typ")

-    def __init__(self, typ: Any, key: str = "") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, typ: Type[Any], key: str = "") -> None:
        self.typ = typ
        self.key = key

@@ -40,16 +40,12 @@ SCHEDULED = sys.intern("__scheduled__")
 # marker to signal node was scheduled (in distributed mode)
 TASKS = sys.intern("__pregel_tasks")
 # for Send objects returned by nodes/edges, corresponds to PUSH below
-RETURN = sys.intern("__return__")
-# for writes of a task where we simply record the return value

 # --- Reserved config.configurable keys ---
 CONFIG_KEY_SEND = sys.intern("__pregel_send")
 # holds the `write` function that accepts writes to state/edges/reserved keys
 CONFIG_KEY_READ = sys.intern("__pregel_read")
 # holds the `read` function that returns a copy of the current state
-CONFIG_KEY_CALL = sys.intern("__pregel_call")
-# holds the `call` function that accepts a node/func, args and returns a future
 CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINTER = sys.intern("__pregel_checkpointer")
 # holds a `BaseCheckpointSaver` passed from parent graph to child graphs
 CONFIG_KEY_STREAM = sys.intern("__pregel_stream")
@@ -76,11 +72,9 @@ CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID = sys.intern("checkpoint_id")
 CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS = sys.intern("checkpoint_ns")
 # holds the current checkpoint_ns, "" for root graph
 CONFIG_KEY_NODE_FINISHED = sys.intern("__pregel_node_finished")
+# callback to be called when a node is finished
+CONFIG_KEY_RESUME_VALUE = sys.intern("__pregel_resume_value")
 # holds the value that "answers" an interrupt() call
-CONFIG_KEY_WRITES = sys.intern("__pregel_writes")
-# read-only list of existing task writes
-CONFIG_KEY_SCRATCHPAD = sys.intern("__pregel_scratchpad")
-# holds a mutable dict for temporary storage scoped to the current task

 # --- Other constants ---
 PUSH = sys.intern("__pregel_push")
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-import asyncio
-import concurrent
-import concurrent.futures
-import inspect
-import types
-from functools import partial, update_wrapper
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Optional,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-    overload,
-)
-
-from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
-
-from langgraph.channels.ephemeral_value import EphemeralValue
-from langgraph.channels.last_value import LastValue
-from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
-from langgraph.constants import END, START, TAG_HIDDEN
-from langgraph.pregel import Pregel
-from langgraph.pregel.call import get_runnable_for_func
-from langgraph.pregel.read import PregelNode
-from langgraph.pregel.write import ChannelWrite, ChannelWriteEntry
-from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore
-from langgraph.types import RetryPolicy, StreamMode, StreamWriter
-
-P = ParamSpec("P")
-P1 = TypeVar("P1")
-T = TypeVar("T")
-
-
-def call(
-    func: Callable[[P1], T],
-    input: P1,
-    *,
-    retry: Optional[RetryPolicy] = None,
-) -> concurrent.futures.Future[T]:
-    from langgraph.constants import CONFIG_KEY_CALL
-    from langgraph.utils.config import get_configurable
-
-    conf = get_configurable()
-    impl = conf[CONFIG_KEY_CALL]
-    fut = impl(func, input, retry=retry)
-    return fut
-
-
-@overload
-def task(
-    *, retry: Optional[RetryPolicy] = None
-) -> Callable[[Callable[P, Awaitable[T]]], Callable[P, asyncio.Future[T]]]: ...
-
-
-@overload
-def task(  # type: ignore[overload-cannot-match]
-    *, retry: Optional[RetryPolicy] = None
-) -> Callable[[Callable[P, T]], Callable[P, concurrent.futures.Future[T]]]: ...
-
-
-def task(
-    *, retry: Optional[RetryPolicy] = None
-) -> Union[
-    Callable[[Callable[P, Awaitable[T]]], Callable[P, asyncio.Future[T]]],
-    Callable[[Callable[P, T]], Callable[P, concurrent.futures.Future[T]]],
-]:
-    def _task(func: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, concurrent.futures.Future[T]]:
-        return update_wrapper(partial(call, func, retry=retry), func)
-
-    return _task
-
-
-def entrypoint(
-    *,
-    checkpointer: Optional[BaseCheckpointSaver] = None,
-    store: Optional[BaseStore] = None,
-) -> Callable[[types.FunctionType], Pregel]:
-    def _imp(func: types.FunctionType) -> Pregel:
-        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(func):
-
-            def gen_wrapper(*args: Any, writer: StreamWriter, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-                for chunk in func(*args, **kwargs):
-                    writer(chunk)
-
-            bound = get_runnable_for_func(gen_wrapper)
-            stream_mode: StreamMode = "custom"
-        elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(func):
-
-            async def agen_wrapper(
-                *args: Any, writer: StreamWriter, **kwargs: Any
-            ) -> Any:
-                async for chunk in func(*args, **kwargs):
-                    writer(chunk)
-
-            bound = get_runnable_for_func(agen_wrapper)
-            stream_mode = "custom"
-        else:
-            bound = get_runnable_for_func(func)
-            stream_mode = "updates"
-
-        return Pregel(
-            nodes={
-                func.__name__: PregelNode(
-                    bound=bound,
-                    triggers=[START],
-                    channels=[START],
-                    writers=[ChannelWrite([ChannelWriteEntry(END)], tags=[TAG_HIDDEN])],
-                )
-            },
-            channels={START: EphemeralValue(Any), END: LastValue(Any, END)},
-            input_channels=START,
-            output_channels=END,
-            stream_channels=END,
-            stream_mode=stream_mode,
-            checkpointer=checkpointer,
-            store=store,
-        )
-
-    return _imp
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 from langgraph.graph.graph import END, START, Graph
 from langgraph.graph.message import MessageGraph, MessagesState, add_messages
-from langgraph.graph.state import StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.state import GraphCommand, StateGraph

 __all__ = [
    "END",
    "START",
    "Graph",
    "StateGraph",
+    "GraphCommand",
    "MessageGraph",
    "add_messages",
    "MessagesState",
@@ -629,10 +629,3 @@ class CompiledGraph(Pregel):
                    add_edge(key, end, conditional=True)

        return graph
-
-    def _repr_mimebundle_(self, **kwargs: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        """Mime bundle used by Jupyter to display the graph"""
-        return {
-            "text/plain": repr(self),
-            "image/png": self.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png(),
-        }
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import dataclasses
 import inspect
 import logging
 import typing
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ from types import FunctionType
 from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
+    Generic,
    Literal,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
@@ -51,13 +53,9 @@ from langgraph.managed.base import (
    is_writable_managed_value,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel.read import ChannelRead, PregelNode
-from langgraph.pregel.write import (
-    ChannelWrite,
-    ChannelWriteEntry,
-    ChannelWriteTupleEntry,
-)
+from langgraph.pregel.write import SKIP_WRITE, ChannelWrite, ChannelWriteEntry
 from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore
-from langgraph.types import All, Checkpointer, Command, RetryPolicy
+from langgraph.types import _DC_KWARGS, All, Checkpointer, Command, N, RetryPolicy
 from langgraph.utils.fields import get_field_default
 from langgraph.utils.pydantic import create_model
 from langgraph.utils.runnable import RunnableCallable, coerce_to_runnable
@@ -86,6 +84,22 @@ def _get_node_name(node: RunnableLike) -> str:
        raise TypeError(f"Unsupported node type: {type(node)}")


+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_DC_KWARGS)
+class GraphCommand(Generic[N], Command[N]):
+    """One or more commands to update a StateGraph's state and go to, or send messages to nodes."""
+
+    goto: Union[str, Sequence[str]] = ()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # get all non-None values
+        contents = ", ".join(
+            f"{key}={value!r}"
+            for key, value in dataclasses.asdict(self).items()
+            if value
+        )
+        return f"Command({contents})"
+
+
 class StateNodeSpec(NamedTuple):
    runnable: Runnable
    metadata: Optional[dict[str, Any]]
@@ -378,7 +392,7 @@ class StateGraph(Graph):
                            input = input_hint
                if (
                    (rtn := hints.get("return"))
-                    and get_origin(rtn) is Command
+                    and get_origin(rtn) in (Command, GraphCommand)
                    and (rargs := get_args(rtn))
                    and get_origin(rargs[0]) is Literal
                    and (vals := get_args(rargs[0]))
@@ -559,7 +573,6 @@ class StateGraph(Graph):
        for key, node in self.nodes.items():
            compiled.attach_node(key, node)

-        compiled.attach_branch(START, SELF, CONTROL_BRANCH, with_reader=False)
        for key, node in self.nodes.items():
            compiled.attach_branch(key, SELF, CONTROL_BRANCH, with_reader=False)

@@ -613,59 +626,33 @@ class CompiledStateGraph(CompiledGraph):
                if is_writable_managed_value(v)
            ]

-        def _get_root(input: Any) -> Optional[Sequence[tuple[str, Any]]]:
+        def _get_root(input: Any) -> Any:
            if isinstance(input, Command):
                if input.graph == Command.PARENT:
-                    return ()
-                return input._update_as_tuples()
-            elif (
-                isinstance(input, (list, tuple))
-                and input
-                and any(isinstance(i, Command) for i in input)
-            ):
-                updates: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
-                for i in input:
-                    if isinstance(i, Command):
-                        if i.graph == Command.PARENT:
-                            continue
-                        updates.extend(i._update_as_tuples())
-                    else:
-                        updates.append(("__root__", i))
-                return updates
-            elif input is not None:
-                return [("__root__", input)]
+                    return SKIP_WRITE
+                return input.update
+            else:
+                return input

-        def _get_updates(
-            input: Union[None, dict, Any],
-        ) -> Optional[Sequence[tuple[str, Any]]]:
+        # to avoid name collision below
+        node_key = key
+
+        def _get_state_key(input: Union[None, dict, Any], *, key: str) -> Any:
            if input is None:
-                return None
+                return SKIP_WRITE
            elif isinstance(input, dict):
-                return [(k, v) for k, v in input.items() if k in output_keys]
+                if all(k not in output_keys for k in input):
+                    raise InvalidUpdateError(
+                        f"Expected node {node_key} to update at least one of {output_keys}, got {input}"
+                    )
+                return input.get(key, SKIP_WRITE)
            elif isinstance(input, Command):
                if input.graph == Command.PARENT:
-                    return None
-                return input._update_as_tuples()
-            elif (
-                isinstance(input, (list, tuple))
-                and input
-                and any(isinstance(i, Command) for i in input)
-            ):
-                updates: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
-                for i in input:
-                    if isinstance(i, Command):
-                        if i.graph == Command.PARENT:
-                            continue
-                        updates.extend(i._update_as_tuples())
-                    else:
-                        updates.extend(_get_updates(i) or ())
-                return updates
+                    return SKIP_WRITE
+                return _get_state_key(input.update, key=key)
            elif get_type_hints(type(input)):
-                return [
-                    (k, getattr(input, k))
-                    for k in output_keys
-                    if getattr(input, k, None) is not None
-                ]
+                value = getattr(input, key, SKIP_WRITE)
+                return value if value is not None else SKIP_WRITE
            else:
                msg = create_error_message(
                    message=f"Expected dict, got {input}",
@@ -674,11 +661,14 @@ class CompiledStateGraph(CompiledGraph):
                raise InvalidUpdateError(msg)

        # state updaters
-        write_entries: list[Union[ChannelWriteEntry, ChannelWriteTupleEntry]] = [
-            ChannelWriteTupleEntry(
-                mapper=_get_root if output_keys == ["__root__"] else _get_updates
-            )
-        ]
+        write_entries = (
+            [ChannelWriteEntry("__root__", skip_none=True, mapper=_get_root)]
+            if output_keys == ["__root__"]
+            else [
+                ChannelWriteEntry(key, mapper=partial(_get_state_key, key=key))
+                for key in output_keys
+            ]
+        )

        # add node and output channel
        if key == START:
@@ -713,7 +703,7 @@ class CompiledStateGraph(CompiledGraph):
                writers=[
                    # publish to this channel and state keys
                    ChannelWrite(
-                        write_entries + [ChannelWriteEntry(key, key)],
+                        [ChannelWriteEntry(key, key)] + write_entries,
                        tags=[TAG_HIDDEN],
                    ),
                ],
@@ -839,54 +829,40 @@ def _coerce_state(schema: Type[Any], input: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
 def _control_branch(value: Any) -> Sequence[Union[str, Send]]:
    if isinstance(value, Send):
        return [value]
-    commands: list[Command] = []
-    if isinstance(value, Command):
-        commands.append(value)
-    elif (
-        isinstance(value, (list, tuple))
-        and value
-        and all(isinstance(i, Command) for i in value)
-    ):
-        commands.extend(value)
-    else:
+    if not isinstance(value, Command):
        return EMPTY_SEQ
+    if value.graph == Command.PARENT:
+        raise ParentCommand(value)
    rtn: list[Union[str, Send]] = []
-    for command in commands:
-        if command.graph == Command.PARENT:
-            raise ParentCommand(command)
-        if isinstance(command.goto, Send):
-            rtn.append(command.goto)
-        elif isinstance(command.goto, str):
-            rtn.append(command.goto)
+    if isinstance(value, GraphCommand):
+        if isinstance(value.goto, str):
+            rtn.append(value.goto)
        else:
-            rtn.extend(command.goto)
+            rtn.extend(value.goto)
+    if isinstance(value.send, Send):
+        rtn.append(value.send)
+    else:
+        rtn.extend(value.send)
    return rtn


 async def _acontrol_branch(value: Any) -> Sequence[Union[str, Send]]:
    if isinstance(value, Send):
        return [value]
-    commands: list[Command] = []
-    if isinstance(value, Command):
-        commands.append(value)
-    elif (
-        isinstance(value, (list, tuple))
-        and value
-        and all(isinstance(i, Command) for i in value)
-    ):
-        commands.extend(value)
-    else:
+    if not isinstance(value, Command):
        return EMPTY_SEQ
+    if value.graph == Command.PARENT:
+        raise ParentCommand(value)
    rtn: list[Union[str, Send]] = []
-    for command in commands:
-        if command.graph == Command.PARENT:
-            raise ParentCommand(command)
-        if isinstance(command.goto, Send):
-            rtn.append(command.goto)
-        elif isinstance(command.goto, str):
-            rtn.append(command.goto)
+    if isinstance(value, GraphCommand):
+        if isinstance(value.goto, str):
+            rtn.append(value.goto)
        else:
-            rtn.extend(command.goto)
+            rtn.extend(value.goto)
+    if isinstance(value.send, Send):
+        rtn.append(value.send)
+    else:
+        rtn.extend(value.send)
    return rtn


@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import inspect
 import json
-from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from copy import copy
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    List,
    Literal,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
@@ -20,7 +25,6 @@ from langchain_core.messages import (
    AnyMessage,
    ToolCall,
    ToolMessage,
-    convert_to_messages,
 )
 from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
 from langchain_core.runnables.config import (
@@ -31,25 +35,26 @@ from langchain_core.runnables.utils import Input
 from langchain_core.tools import BaseTool, InjectedToolArg
 from langchain_core.tools import tool as create_tool
 from langchain_core.tools.base import get_all_basemodel_annotations
-from pydantic import BaseModel
 from typing_extensions import Annotated, get_args, get_origin

 from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp
 from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore
-from langgraph.types import Command
 from langgraph.utils.runnable import RunnableCallable

+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
 INVALID_TOOL_NAME_ERROR_TEMPLATE = (
    "Error: {requested_tool} is not a valid tool, try one of [{available_tools}]."
 )
 TOOL_CALL_ERROR_TEMPLATE = "Error: {error}\n Please fix your mistakes."


-def msg_content_output(output: Any) -> Union[str, list[dict]]:
+def msg_content_output(output: Any) -> str | List[dict]:
    recognized_content_block_types = ("image", "image_url", "text", "json")
    if isinstance(output, str):
        return output
-    elif isinstance(output, list) and all(
+    elif all(
        [
            isinstance(x, dict) and x.get("type") in recognized_content_block_types
            for x in output
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ def _handle_tool_error(
    return content


-def _infer_handled_types(handler: Callable[..., str]) -> tuple[type[Exception], ...]:
+def _infer_handled_types(handler: Callable[..., str]) -> tuple[type[Exception]]:
    sig = inspect.signature(handler)
    params = list(sig.parameters.values())
    if params:
@@ -189,9 +194,9 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
        messages_key: str = "messages",
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(self._func, self._afunc, name=name, tags=tags, trace=False)
-        self.tools_by_name: dict[str, BaseTool] = {}
-        self.tool_to_state_args: dict[str, dict[str, Optional[str]]] = {}
-        self.tool_to_store_arg: dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+        self.tools_by_name: Dict[str, BaseTool] = {}
+        self.tool_to_state_args: Dict[str, Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = {}
+        self.tool_to_store_arg: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
        self.handle_tool_errors = handle_tool_errors
        self.messages_key = messages_key
        for tool_ in tools:
@@ -212,31 +217,12 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
        *,
        store: BaseStore,
    ) -> Any:
-        tool_calls, input_type = self._parse_input(input, store)
+        tool_calls, output_type = self._parse_input(input, store)
        config_list = get_config_list(config, len(tool_calls))
-        input_types = [input_type] * len(tool_calls)
        with get_executor_for_config(config) as executor:
-            outputs = [
-                *executor.map(self._run_one, tool_calls, input_types, config_list)
-            ]
-
-        # preserve existing behavior for non-command tool outputs for backwards compatibility
-        if not any(isinstance(output, Command) for output in outputs):
-            # TypedDict, pydantic, dataclass, etc. should all be able to load from dict
-            return outputs if input_type == "list" else {self.messages_key: outputs}
-
-        # LangGraph will automatically handle list of Command and non-command node updates
-        combined_outputs: list[
-            Command | list[ToolMessage] | dict[str, list[ToolMessage]]
-        ] = []
-        for output in outputs:
-            if isinstance(output, Command):
-                combined_outputs.append(output)
-            else:
-                combined_outputs.append(
-                    [output] if input_type == "list" else {self.messages_key: [output]}
-                )
-        return combined_outputs
+            outputs = [*executor.map(self._run_one, tool_calls, config_list)]
+        # TypedDict, pydantic, dataclass, etc. should all be able to load from dict
+        return outputs if output_type == "list" else {self.messages_key: outputs}

    def invoke(
        self, input: Input, config: Optional[RunnableConfig] = None, **kwargs: Any
@@ -263,97 +249,67 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
        *,
        store: BaseStore,
    ) -> Any:
-        tool_calls, input_type = self._parse_input(input, store)
+        tool_calls, output_type = self._parse_input(input, store)
        outputs = await asyncio.gather(
-            *(self._arun_one(call, input_type, config) for call in tool_calls)
+            *(self._arun_one(call, config) for call in tool_calls)
+        )
+        # TypedDict, pydantic, dataclass, etc. should all be able to load from dict
+        return outputs if output_type == "list" else {self.messages_key: outputs}
+
+    def _run_one(self, call: ToolCall, config: RunnableConfig) -> ToolMessage:
+        if invalid_tool_message := self._validate_tool_call(call):
+            return invalid_tool_message
+
+        try:
+            input = {**call, **{"type": "tool_call"}}
+            tool_message: ToolMessage = self.tools_by_name[call["name"]].invoke(
+                input, config
+            )
+            tool_message.content = cast(
+                Union[str, list], msg_content_output(tool_message.content)
+            )
+            return tool_message
+        # GraphInterrupt is a special exception that will always be raised.
+        # It can be triggered in the following scenarios:
+        # (1) a NodeInterrupt is raised inside a tool
+        # (2) a NodeInterrupt is raised inside a graph node for a graph called as a tool
+        # (3) a GraphInterrupt is raised when a subgraph is interrupted inside a graph called as a tool
+        # (2 and 3 can happen in a "supervisor w/ tools" multi-agent architecture)
+        except GraphBubbleUp as e:
+            raise e
+        except Exception as e:
+            if isinstance(self.handle_tool_errors, tuple):
+                handled_types: tuple = self.handle_tool_errors
+            elif callable(self.handle_tool_errors):
+                handled_types = _infer_handled_types(self.handle_tool_errors)
+            else:
+                # default behavior is catching all exceptions
+                handled_types = (Exception,)
+
+            # Unhandled
+            if not self.handle_tool_errors or not isinstance(e, handled_types):
+                raise e
+            # Handled
+            else:
+                content = _handle_tool_error(e, flag=self.handle_tool_errors)
+
+        return ToolMessage(
+            content=content, name=call["name"], tool_call_id=call["id"], status="error"
        )

-        # preserve existing behavior for non-command tool outputs for backwards compatibility
-        if not any(isinstance(output, Command) for output in outputs):
-            # TypedDict, pydantic, dataclass, etc. should all be able to load from dict
-            return outputs if input_type == "list" else {self.messages_key: outputs}
-
-        # LangGraph will automatically handle list of Command and non-command node updates
-        combined_outputs: list[
-            Command | list[ToolMessage] | dict[str, list[ToolMessage]]
-        ] = []
-        for output in outputs:
-            if isinstance(output, Command):
-                combined_outputs.append(output)
-            else:
-                combined_outputs.append(
-                    [output] if input_type == "list" else {self.messages_key: [output]}
-                )
-        return combined_outputs
-
-    def _run_one(
-        self,
-        call: ToolCall,
-        input_type: Literal["list", "dict"],
-        config: RunnableConfig,
-    ) -> ToolMessage:
+    async def _arun_one(self, call: ToolCall, config: RunnableConfig) -> ToolMessage:
        if invalid_tool_message := self._validate_tool_call(call):
            return invalid_tool_message

        try:
            input = {**call, **{"type": "tool_call"}}
-            response = self.tools_by_name[call["name"]].invoke(input, config)
-
-        # GraphInterrupt is a special exception that will always be raised.
-        # It can be triggered in the following scenarios:
-        # (1) a NodeInterrupt is raised inside a tool
-        # (2) a NodeInterrupt is raised inside a graph node for a graph called as a tool
-        # (3) a GraphInterrupt is raised when a subgraph is interrupted inside a graph called as a tool
-        # (2 and 3 can happen in a "supervisor w/ tools" multi-agent architecture)
-        except GraphBubbleUp as e:
-            raise e
-        except Exception as e:
-            if isinstance(self.handle_tool_errors, tuple):
-                handled_types: tuple = self.handle_tool_errors
-            elif callable(self.handle_tool_errors):
-                handled_types = _infer_handled_types(self.handle_tool_errors)
-            else:
-                # default behavior is catching all exceptions
-                handled_types = (Exception,)
-
-            # Unhandled
-            if not self.handle_tool_errors or not isinstance(e, handled_types):
-                raise e
-            # Handled
-            else:
-                content = _handle_tool_error(e, flag=self.handle_tool_errors)
-            return ToolMessage(
-                content=content,
-                name=call["name"],
-                tool_call_id=call["id"],
-                status="error",
+            tool_message: ToolMessage = await self.tools_by_name[call["name"]].ainvoke(
+                input, config
            )
-
-        if isinstance(response, Command):
-            return self._validate_tool_command(response, call, input_type)
-        elif isinstance(response, ToolMessage):
-            response.content = cast(
-                Union[str, list], msg_content_output(response.content)
+            tool_message.content = cast(
+                Union[str, list], msg_content_output(tool_message.content)
            )
-            return response
-        else:
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Tool {call['name']} returned unexpected type: {type(response)}"
-            )
-
-    async def _arun_one(
-        self,
-        call: ToolCall,
-        input_type: Literal["list", "dict"],
-        config: RunnableConfig,
-    ) -> ToolMessage:
-        if invalid_tool_message := self._validate_tool_call(call):
-            return invalid_tool_message
-
-        try:
-            input = {**call, **{"type": "tool_call"}}
-            response = await self.tools_by_name[call["name"]].ainvoke(input, config)
-
+            return tool_message
        # GraphInterrupt is a special exception that will always be raised.
        # It can be triggered in the following scenarios:
        # (1) a NodeInterrupt is raised inside a tool
@@ -378,24 +334,9 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
            else:
                content = _handle_tool_error(e, flag=self.handle_tool_errors)

-            return ToolMessage(
-                content=content,
-                name=call["name"],
-                tool_call_id=call["id"],
-                status="error",
-            )
-
-        if isinstance(response, Command):
-            return self._validate_tool_command(response, call, input_type)
-        elif isinstance(response, ToolMessage):
-            response.content = cast(
-                Union[str, list], msg_content_output(response.content)
-            )
-            return response
-        else:
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"Tool {call['name']} returned unexpected type: {type(response)}"
-            )
+        return ToolMessage(
+            content=content, name=call["name"], tool_call_id=call["id"], status="error"
+        )

    def _parse_input(
        self,
@@ -405,16 +346,16 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
            BaseModel,
        ],
        store: BaseStore,
-    ) -> Tuple[list[ToolCall], Literal["list", "dict"]]:
+    ) -> Tuple[List[ToolCall], Literal["list", "dict"]]:
        if isinstance(input, list):
-            input_type = "list"
+            output_type = "list"
            message: AnyMessage = input[-1]
        elif isinstance(input, dict) and (messages := input.get(self.messages_key, [])):
-            input_type = "dict"
+            output_type = "dict"
            message = messages[-1]
        elif messages := getattr(input, self.messages_key, None):
            # Assume dataclass-like state that can coerce from dict
-            input_type = "dict"
+            output_type = "dict"
            message = messages[-1]
        else:
            raise ValueError("No message found in input")
@@ -425,7 +366,7 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
        tool_calls = [
            self._inject_tool_args(call, input, store) for call in message.tool_calls
        ]
-        return tool_calls, input_type
+        return tool_calls, output_type

    def _validate_tool_call(self, call: ToolCall) -> Optional[ToolMessage]:
        if (requested_tool := call["name"]) not in self.tools_by_name:
@@ -519,67 +460,6 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
        tool_call_with_store = self._inject_store(tool_call_with_state, store)
        return tool_call_with_store

-    def _validate_tool_command(
-        self, command: Command, call: ToolCall, input_type: Literal["list", "dict"]
-    ) -> Command:
-        if isinstance(command.update, dict):
-            # input type is dict when ToolNode is invoked with a dict input (e.g. {"messages": [AIMessage(..., tool_calls=[...])]})
-            if input_type != "dict":
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Tools can provide a dict in Command.update only when using dict with '{self.messages_key}' key as ToolNode input, "
-                    f"got: {command.update} for tool '{call['name']}'"
-                )
-
-            updated_command = deepcopy(command)
-            state_update = cast(dict[str, Any], updated_command.update) or {}
-            messages_update = state_update.get(self.messages_key, [])
-        elif isinstance(command.update, list):
-            # input type is list when ToolNode is invoked with a list input (e.g. [AIMessage(..., tool_calls=[...])])
-            if input_type != "list":
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Tools can provide a list of messages in Command.update only when using list of messages as ToolNode input, "
-                    f"got: {command.update} for tool '{call['name']}'"
-                )
-
-            updated_command = deepcopy(command)
-            messages_update = updated_command.update
-        else:
-            return command
-
-        # convert to message objects if updates are in a dict format
-        messages_update = convert_to_messages(messages_update)
-        have_seen_tool_messages = False
-        for message in messages_update:
-            if not isinstance(message, ToolMessage):
-                continue
-
-            if have_seen_tool_messages:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Expected at most one ToolMessage in Command.update for tool '{call['name']}', got multiple: {messages_update}."
-                )
-
-            if message.tool_call_id != call["id"]:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"ToolMessage.tool_call_id must match the tool call id. Expected: {call['id']}, got: {message.tool_call_id} for tool '{call['name']}'."
-                )
-
-            message.name = call["name"]
-            have_seen_tool_messages = True
-
-        # validate that we always have exactly one ToolMessage in Command.update if command is sent to the CURRENT graph
-        if updated_command.graph is None and not have_seen_tool_messages:
-            example_update = (
-                '`Command(update={"messages": [ToolMessage("Success", tool_call_id=tool_call_id), ...]}, ...)`'
-                if input_type == "dict"
-                else '`Command(update=[ToolMessage("Success", tool_call_id=tool_call_id), ...], ...)`'
-            )
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Expected exactly one message (ToolMessage) in Command.update for tool '{call['name']}', got: {messages_update}. "
-                "Every tool call (LLM requesting to call a tool) in the message history MUST have a corresponding ToolMessage. "
-                f"You can fix it by modifying the tool to return {example_update}."
-            )
-        return updated_command
-

 def tools_condition(
    state: Union[list[AnyMessage], dict[str, Any], BaseModel],
@@ -776,9 +656,9 @@ def _is_injection(
    return False


-def _get_state_args(tool: BaseTool) -> dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+def _get_state_args(tool: BaseTool) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
    full_schema = tool.get_input_schema()
-    tool_args_to_state_fields: dict = {}
+    tool_args_to_state_fields: Dict = {}

    for name, type_ in get_all_basemodel_annotations(full_schema).items():
        injections = [
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from typing import (
    Type,
    Union,
    cast,
+    get_type_hints,
    overload,
 )
 from uuid import UUID, uuid5
@@ -116,7 +117,6 @@ from langgraph.utils.config import (
    patch_config,
    patch_configurable,
 )
-from langgraph.utils.fields import get_enhanced_type_hints
 from langgraph.utils.pydantic import create_model
 from langgraph.utils.queue import AsyncQueue, SyncQueue  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

@@ -319,15 +319,8 @@ class Pregel(PregelProtocol):
                )
                + (
                    [
-                        ConfigurableFieldSpec(
-                            id=name,
-                            annotation=typ,
-                            default=default,
-                            description=description,
-                        )
-                        for name, typ, default, description in get_enhanced_type_hints(
-                            self.config_type
-                        )
+                        ConfigurableFieldSpec(id=name, annotation=typ)
+                        for name, typ in get_type_hints(self.config_type).items()
                    ]
                    if self.config_type is not None
                    else []
@@ -37,14 +37,13 @@ from langgraph.constants import (
    CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS,
    CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINTER,
    CONFIG_KEY_READ,
-    CONFIG_KEY_SCRATCHPAD,
+    CONFIG_KEY_RESUME_VALUE,
    CONFIG_KEY_SEND,
    CONFIG_KEY_STORE,
    CONFIG_KEY_TASK_ID,
-    CONFIG_KEY_WRITES,
    EMPTY_SEQ,
-    ERROR,
    INTERRUPT,
+    MISSING,
    NO_WRITES,
    NS_END,
    NS_SEP,
@@ -53,26 +52,18 @@ from langgraph.constants import (
    PUSH,
    RESERVED,
    RESUME,
-    RETURN,
    TAG_HIDDEN,
    TASKS,
    Send,
 )
 from langgraph.errors import EmptyChannelError, InvalidUpdateError
 from langgraph.managed.base import ManagedValueMapping
-from langgraph.pregel.call import get_runnable_for_func
 from langgraph.pregel.io import read_channel, read_channels
 from langgraph.pregel.log import logger
 from langgraph.pregel.manager import ChannelsManager
 from langgraph.pregel.read import PregelNode
 from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore
-from langgraph.types import (
-    All,
-    LoopProtocol,
-    PregelExecutableTask,
-    PregelTask,
-    RetryPolicy,
-)
+from langgraph.types import All, LoopProtocol, PregelExecutableTask, PregelTask
 from langgraph.utils.config import merge_configs, patch_config

 GetNextVersion = Callable[[Optional[V], BaseChannel], V]
@@ -106,21 +97,6 @@ class PregelTaskWrites(NamedTuple):
    triggers: Sequence[str]


-class Call:
-    __slots__ = ("func", "input", "retry")
-
-    func: Callable
-    input: Any
-    retry: Optional[RetryPolicy]
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, func: Callable, input: Any, *, retry: Optional[RetryPolicy]
-    ) -> None:
-        self.func = func
-        self.input = input
-        self.retry = retry
-
-
 def should_interrupt(
    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
    interrupt_nodes: Union[All, Sequence[str]],
@@ -203,7 +179,7 @@ def local_write(
    """Function injected under CONFIG_KEY_SEND in task config, to write to channels.
    Validates writes and forwards them to `commit` function."""
    for chan, value in writes:
-        if chan in (PUSH, TASKS) and value is not None:
+        if chan in (PUSH, TASKS):
            if not isinstance(value, Send):
                raise InvalidUpdateError(f"Expected Send, got {value}")
            if value.node not in process_keys:
@@ -271,7 +247,7 @@ def apply_writes(
    pending_writes_by_managed: dict[str, list[Any]] = defaultdict(list)
    for task in tasks:
        for chan, val in task.writes:
-            if chan in (NO_WRITES, PUSH, RESUME, INTERRUPT, RETURN, ERROR):
+            if chan in (NO_WRITES, PUSH, RESUME, INTERRUPT):
                pass
            elif chan == TASKS:  # TODO: remove branch in 1.0
                checkpoint["pending_sends"].append(val)
@@ -462,7 +438,7 @@ def prepare_next_tasks(


 def prepare_single_task(
-    task_path: tuple[Any, ...],
+    task_path: tuple[Union[str, int, tuple], ...],
    task_id_checksum: Optional[str],
    *,
    checkpoint: Checkpoint,
@@ -483,94 +459,7 @@ def prepare_single_task(
    configurable = config.get(CONF, {})
    parent_ns = configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS, "")

-    if task_path[0] == PUSH and isinstance(task_path[-1], Call):
-        # (PUSH, parent task path, idx of PUSH write, id of parent task, Call)
-        task_path_t = cast(tuple[str, tuple, int, str, Call], task_path)
-        call = task_path_t[-1]
-        proc_ = get_runnable_for_func(call.func)
-        name = proc_.name
-        if name is None:
-            raise ValueError("`call` functions must have a `__name__` attribute")
-        # create task id
-        triggers = [PUSH]
-        checkpoint_ns = f"{parent_ns}{NS_SEP}{name}" if parent_ns else name
-        task_id = _uuid5_str(
-            checkpoint_id,
-            checkpoint_ns,
-            str(step),
-            name,
-            PUSH,
-            _tuple_str(task_path[1]),
-            str(task_path[2]),
-        )
-        task_checkpoint_ns = f"{checkpoint_ns}:{task_id}"
-        metadata = {
-            "langgraph_step": step,
-            "langgraph_node": name,
-            "langgraph_triggers": triggers,
-            "langgraph_path": task_path[:3],
-            "langgraph_checkpoint_ns": task_checkpoint_ns,
-        }
-        if task_id_checksum is not None:
-            assert task_id == task_id_checksum, f"{task_id} != {task_id_checksum}"
-        if for_execution:
-            writes: deque[tuple[str, Any]] = deque()
-            return PregelExecutableTask(
-                name,
-                call.input,
-                proc_,
-                writes,
-                patch_config(
-                    merge_configs(config, {"metadata": metadata}),
-                    run_name=name,
-                    callbacks=(
-                        manager.get_child(f"graph:step:{step}") if manager else None
-                    ),
-                    configurable={
-                        CONFIG_KEY_TASK_ID: task_id,
-                        # deque.extend is thread-safe
-                        CONFIG_KEY_SEND: partial(
-                            local_write,
-                            writes.extend,
-                            processes.keys(),
-                        ),
-                        CONFIG_KEY_READ: partial(
-                            local_read,
-                            step,
-                            checkpoint,
-                            channels,
-                            managed,
-                            PregelTaskWrites(task_path[:3], name, writes, triggers),
-                            config,
-                        ),
-                        CONFIG_KEY_STORE: (store or configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_STORE)),
-                        CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINTER: (
-                            checkpointer or configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINTER)
-                        ),
-                        CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_MAP: {
-                            **configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_MAP, {}),
-                            parent_ns: checkpoint["id"],
-                        },
-                        CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: None,
-                        CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS: task_checkpoint_ns,
-                        CONFIG_KEY_WRITES: [
-                            w
-                            for w in pending_writes
-                            + configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_WRITES, [])
-                            if w[0] in (NULL_TASK_ID, task_id)
-                        ],
-                        CONFIG_KEY_SCRATCHPAD: {},
-                    },
-                ),
-                triggers,
-                call.retry,
-                None,
-                task_id,
-                task_path[:3],
-            )
-        else:
-            return PregelTask(task_id, name, task_path[:3])
-    elif task_path[0] == PUSH:
+    if task_path[0] == PUSH:
        if len(task_path) == 2:  # TODO: remove branch in 1.0
            # legacy SEND tasks, executed in superstep n+1
            # (PUSH, idx of pending send)
@@ -601,19 +490,17 @@ def prepare_single_task(
                PUSH,
                str(idx),
            )
-        elif len(task_path) >= 4:
+        elif len(task_path) == 4:
            # new PUSH tasks, executed in superstep n
            # (PUSH, parent task path, idx of PUSH write, id of parent task)
-            task_path_tt = cast(tuple[str, tuple, int, str], task_path)
-            writes_for_path = [w for w in pending_writes if w[0] == task_path_tt[3]]
-            if task_path_tt[2] >= len(writes_for_path):
+            task_path_t = cast(tuple[str, tuple, int, str], task_path)
+            writes_for_path = [w for w in pending_writes if w[0] == task_path_t[3]]
+            if task_path_t[2] >= len(writes_for_path):
                logger.warning(
                    f"Ignoring invalid write index {task_path[2]} in pending writes"
                )
                return
-            packet = writes_for_path[task_path_tt[2]][2]
-            if packet is None:
-                return
+            packet = writes_for_path[task_path_t[2]][2]
            if not isinstance(packet, Send):
                logger.warning(
                    f"Ignoring invalid packet type {type(packet)} in pending writes"
@@ -646,7 +533,7 @@ def prepare_single_task(
            "langgraph_step": step,
            "langgraph_node": packet.node,
            "langgraph_triggers": triggers,
-            "langgraph_path": task_path[:3],
+            "langgraph_path": task_path,
            "langgraph_checkpoint_ns": task_checkpoint_ns,
        }
        if task_id_checksum is not None:
@@ -656,7 +543,7 @@ def prepare_single_task(
            if node := proc.node:
                if proc.metadata:
                    metadata.update(proc.metadata)
-                writes = deque()
+                writes: deque[tuple[str, Any]] = deque()
                return PregelExecutableTask(
                    packet.node,
                    packet.arg,
@@ -685,7 +572,7 @@ def prepare_single_task(
                                channels,
                                managed,
                                PregelTaskWrites(
-                                    task_path[:3], packet.node, writes, triggers
+                                    task_path, packet.node, writes, triggers
                                ),
                                config,
                            ),
@@ -702,24 +589,26 @@ def prepare_single_task(
                            },
                            CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: None,
                            CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS: task_checkpoint_ns,
-                            CONFIG_KEY_WRITES: [
-                                w
-                                for w in pending_writes
-                                + configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_WRITES, [])
-                                if w[0] in (NULL_TASK_ID, task_id)
-                            ],
-                            CONFIG_KEY_SCRATCHPAD: {},
+                            CONFIG_KEY_RESUME_VALUE: next(
+                                (
+                                    v
+                                    for tid, c, v in pending_writes
+                                    if tid in (NULL_TASK_ID, task_id) and c == RESUME
+                                ),
+                                configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_RESUME_VALUE, MISSING),
+                            ),
                        },
                    ),
                    triggers,
                    proc.retry_policy,
                    None,
                    task_id,
-                    task_path[:3],
+                    task_path,
                    writers=proc.flat_writers,
                )
+
        else:
-            return PregelTask(task_id, packet.node, task_path[:3])
+            return PregelTask(task_id, packet.node, task_path)
    elif task_path[0] == PULL:
        # (PULL, node name)
        name = cast(str, task_path[1])
@@ -769,7 +658,7 @@ def prepare_single_task(
                "langgraph_step": step,
                "langgraph_node": name,
                "langgraph_triggers": triggers,
-                "langgraph_path": task_path[:3],
+                "langgraph_path": task_path,
                "langgraph_checkpoint_ns": task_checkpoint_ns,
            }
            if task_id_checksum is not None:
@@ -808,9 +697,7 @@ def prepare_single_task(
                                    checkpoint,
                                    channels,
                                    managed,
-                                    PregelTaskWrites(
-                                        task_path[:3], name, writes, triggers
-                                    ),
+                                    PregelTaskWrites(task_path, name, writes, triggers),
                                    config,
                                ),
                                CONFIG_KEY_STORE: (
@@ -826,24 +713,26 @@ def prepare_single_task(
                                },
                                CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: None,
                                CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS: task_checkpoint_ns,
-                                CONFIG_KEY_WRITES: [
-                                    w
-                                    for w in pending_writes
-                                    + configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_WRITES, [])
-                                    if w[0] in (NULL_TASK_ID, task_id)
-                                ],
-                                CONFIG_KEY_SCRATCHPAD: {},
+                                CONFIG_KEY_RESUME_VALUE: next(
+                                    (
+                                        v
+                                        for tid, c, v in pending_writes
+                                        if tid in (NULL_TASK_ID, task_id)
+                                        and c == RESUME
+                                    ),
+                                    configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_RESUME_VALUE, MISSING),
+                                ),
                            },
                        ),
                        triggers,
                        proc.retry_policy,
                        None,
                        task_id,
-                        task_path[:3],
+                        task_path,
                        writers=proc.flat_writers,
                    )
            else:
-                return PregelTask(task_id, name, task_path[:3])
+                return PregelTask(task_id, name, task_path)


 def _proc_input(
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-import types
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
-
-from langgraph.constants import RETURN
-from langgraph.pregel.write import ChannelWrite, ChannelWriteEntry
-from langgraph.utils.runnable import RunnableSeq, coerce_to_runnable
-
-"""
-Utilities borrowed from cloudpickle.
-https://github.com/cloudpipe/cloudpickle/blob/6220b0ce83ffee5e47e06770a1ee38ca9e47c850/cloudpickle/cloudpickle.py#L265
-"""
-
-
-def _getattribute(obj: Any, name: str) -> Any:
-    for subpath in name.split("."):
-        if subpath == "<locals>":
-            raise AttributeError(
-                "Can't get local attribute {!r} on {!r}".format(name, obj)
-            )
-        try:
-            parent = obj
-            obj = getattr(obj, subpath)
-        except AttributeError:
-            raise AttributeError(
-                "Can't get attribute {!r} on {!r}".format(name, obj)
-            ) from None
-    return obj, parent
-
-
-def _whichmodule(obj: Any, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
-    """Find the module an object belongs to.
-
-    This function differs from ``pickle.whichmodule`` in two ways:
-    - it does not mangle the cases where obj's module is __main__ and obj was
-      not found in any module.
-    - Errors arising during module introspection are ignored, as those errors
-      are considered unwanted side effects.
-    """
-    module_name = getattr(obj, "__module__", None)
-
-    if module_name is not None:
-        return module_name
-    # Protect the iteration by using a copy of sys.modules against dynamic
-    # modules that trigger imports of other modules upon calls to getattr or
-    # other threads importing at the same time.
-    for module_name, module in sys.modules.copy().items():
-        # Some modules such as coverage can inject non-module objects inside
-        # sys.modules
-        if (
-            module_name == "__main__"
-            or module_name == "__mp_main__"
-            or module is None
-            or not isinstance(module, types.ModuleType)
-        ):
-            continue
-        try:
-            if _getattribute(module, name)[0] is obj:
-                return module_name
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-    return None
-
-
-def _lookup_module_and_qualname(
-    obj: Any, name: Optional[str] = None
-) -> Optional[tuple[types.ModuleType, str]]:
-    if name is None:
-        name = getattr(obj, "__qualname__", None)
-    if name is None:  # pragma: no cover
-        # This used to be needed for Python 2.7 support but is probably not
-        # needed anymore. However we keep the __name__ introspection in case
-        # users of cloudpickle rely on this old behavior for unknown reasons.
-        name = getattr(obj, "__name__", None)
-    if name is None:
-        return None
-
-    module_name = _whichmodule(obj, name)
-
-    if module_name is None:
-        # In this case, obj.__module__ is None AND obj was not found in any
-        # imported module. obj is thus treated as dynamic.
-        return None
-
-    if module_name == "__main__":
-        return None
-
-    # Note: if module_name is in sys.modules, the corresponding module is
-    # assumed importable at unpickling time. See #357
-    module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
-    if module is None:
-        # The main reason why obj's module would not be imported is that this
-        # module has been dynamically created, using for example
-        # types.ModuleType. The other possibility is that module was removed
-        # from sys.modules after obj was created/imported. But this case is not
-        # supported, as the standard pickle does not support it either.
-        return None
-
-    try:
-        obj2, parent = _getattribute(module, name)
-    except AttributeError:
-        # obj was not found inside the module it points to
-        return None
-    if obj2 is not obj:
-        return None
-    return module, name
-
-
-def get_runnable_for_func(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> RunnableSeq:
-    if func in CACHE:
-        return CACHE[func]
-    else:
-        seq = RunnableSeq(
-            coerce_to_runnable(func, name=None, trace=False),
-            ChannelWrite([ChannelWriteEntry(RETURN)]),
-            name=func.__name__,
-        )
-        if not _lookup_module_and_qualname(func):
-            return seq
-        return CACHE.setdefault(func, seq)
-
-
-CACHE: dict[Callable[..., Any], RunnableSeq] = {}
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import concurrent.futures
 import sys
-import time
 from contextlib import ExitStack
 from contextvars import copy_context
 from types import TracebackType
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ class Submit(Protocol[P, T]):
        __name__: Optional[str] = None,
        __cancel_on_exit__: bool = False,
        __reraise_on_exit__: bool = True,
-        __next_tick__: bool = False,
        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
    ) -> concurrent.futures.Future[T]: ...

@@ -60,13 +58,9 @@ class BackgroundExecutor(ContextManager):
        __name__: Optional[str] = None,  # currently not used in sync version
        __cancel_on_exit__: bool = False,  # for sync, can cancel only if not started
        __reraise_on_exit__: bool = True,
-        __next_tick__: bool = False,
        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
    ) -> concurrent.futures.Future[T]:
-        if __next_tick__:
-            task = self.executor.submit(next_tick, fn, *args, **kwargs)
-        else:
-            task = self.executor.submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)
+        task = self.executor.submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)
        self.tasks[task] = (__cancel_on_exit__, __reraise_on_exit__)
        task.add_done_callback(self.done)
        return task
@@ -143,14 +137,11 @@ class AsyncBackgroundExecutor(AsyncContextManager):
        __name__: Optional[str] = None,
        __cancel_on_exit__: bool = False,
        __reraise_on_exit__: bool = True,
-        __next_tick__: bool = False,
        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
    ) -> asyncio.Task[T]:
        coro = cast(Coroutine[None, None, T], fn(*args, **kwargs))
        if self.semaphore:
            coro = gated(self.semaphore, coro)
-        if __next_tick__:
-            coro = anext_tick(coro)
        if self.context_not_supported:
            task = self.loop.create_task(coro, name=__name__)
        else:
@@ -206,15 +197,3 @@ async def gated(semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore, coro: Coroutine[None, None, T]) ->
    """A coroutine that waits for a semaphore before running another coroutine."""
    async with semaphore:
        return await coro
-
-
-def next_tick(fn: Callable[P, T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
-    """A function that yields control to other threads before running another function."""
-    time.sleep(0)
-    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-async def anext_tick(coro: Coroutine[None, None, T]) -> T:
-    """A coroutine that yields control to event loop before running another coroutine."""
-    await asyncio.sleep(0)
-    return await coro
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from uuid import UUID
 from langchain_core.runnables.utils import AddableDict

 from langgraph.channels.base import BaseChannel, EmptyChannelError
-from langgraph.checkpoint.base import PendingWrite
 from langgraph.constants import (
    EMPTY_SEQ,
    ERROR,
@@ -13,9 +12,6 @@ from langgraph.constants import (
    NULL_TASK_ID,
    PUSH,
    RESUME,
-    RETURN,
-    SELF,
-    START,
    TAG_HIDDEN,
    TASKS,
 )
@@ -70,37 +66,34 @@ def read_channels(


 def map_command(
-    cmd: Command, pending_writes: list[PendingWrite]
+    cmd: Command,
 ) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str, Any]]:
    """Map input chunk to a sequence of pending writes in the form (channel, value)."""
    if cmd.graph == Command.PARENT:
        raise InvalidUpdateError("There is not parent graph")
-    if cmd.goto:
-        if isinstance(cmd.goto, (tuple, list)):
-            sends = cmd.goto
+    if cmd.send:
+        if isinstance(cmd.send, (tuple, list)):
+            sends = cmd.send
        else:
-            sends = [cmd.goto]
+            sends = [cmd.send]
        for send in sends:
-            if isinstance(send, Send):
-                yield (NULL_TASK_ID, PUSH if FF_SEND_V2 else TASKS, send)
-            elif isinstance(send, str):
-                yield (NULL_TASK_ID, f"branch:{START}:{SELF}:{send}", START)
-            else:
+            if not isinstance(send, Send):
                raise TypeError(
-                    f"In Command.goto, expected Send/str, got {type(send).__name__}"
+                    f"In Command.send, expected Send, got {type(send).__name__}"
                )
+            yield (NULL_TASK_ID, PUSH if FF_SEND_V2 else TASKS, send)
    if cmd.resume:
        if isinstance(cmd.resume, dict) and all(is_task_id(k) for k in cmd.resume):
            for tid, resume in cmd.resume.items():
-                existing: list[Any] = next(
-                    (w[2] for w in pending_writes if w[0] == tid and w[1] == RESUME), []
-                )
-                existing.append(resume)
-                yield (tid, RESUME, existing)
+                yield (tid, RESUME, resume)
        else:
            yield (NULL_TASK_ID, RESUME, cmd.resume)
    if cmd.update:
-        for k, v in cmd._update_as_tuples():
+        if not isinstance(cmd.update, dict):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected cmd.update to be a dict mapping channel names to update values, got {type(cmd.update).__name__}"
+            )
+        for k, v in cmd.update.items():
            yield (NULL_TASK_ID, k, v)


@@ -172,21 +165,22 @@ def map_output_updates(
    ]
    if not output_tasks:
        return
-    updated: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
-    for task, writes in output_tasks:
-        if rtn := next((value for chan, value in writes if chan == RETURN), None):
-            updated.append((task.name, rtn))
-        elif isinstance(output_channels, str):
-            updated.extend(
-                (task.name, value) for chan, value in writes if chan == output_channels
-            )
-        elif any(chan in output_channels for chan, _ in writes):
-            updated.append(
-                (
-                    task.name,
-                    {chan: value for chan, value in writes if chan in output_channels},
-                )
+    if isinstance(output_channels, str):
+        updated = (
+            (task.name, value)
+            for task, writes in output_tasks
+            for chan, value in writes
+            if chan == output_channels
+        )
+    else:
+        updated = (
+            (
+                task.name,
+                {chan: value for chan, value in writes if chan in output_channels},
            )
+            for task, writes in output_tasks
+            if any(chan in output_channels for chan, _ in writes)
+        )
    grouped: dict[str, list[Any]] = {t.name: [] for t, _ in output_tasks}
    for node, value in updated:
        grouped[node].append(value)
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, Self

 from langgraph.channels.base import BaseChannel
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
-    WRITES_IDX_MAP,
    BaseCheckpointSaver,
    ChannelVersions,
    Checkpoint,
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ from langgraph.managed.base import (
    WritableManagedValue,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel.algo import (
-    Call,
    GetNextVersion,
    PregelTaskWrites,
    apply_writes,
@@ -265,40 +263,21 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
        """Put writes for a task, to be read by the next tick."""
        if not writes:
            return
-        # deduplicate writes to special channels, last write wins
-        if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes):
-            writes = list({w[0]: w for w in writes}.values())
        # save writes
-        for c, v in writes:
-            if (
-                c in WRITES_IDX_MAP
-                and (
-                    idx := next(
-                        (
-                            i
-                            for i, w in enumerate(self.checkpoint_pending_writes)
-                            if w[0] == task_id and w[1] == c
-                        ),
-                        None,
-                    )
-                )
-                is not None
-            ):
-                self.checkpoint_pending_writes[idx] = (task_id, c, v)
-            else:
-                self.checkpoint_pending_writes.append((task_id, c, v))
+        self.checkpoint_pending_writes.extend((task_id, k, v) for k, v in writes)
        if self.checkpointer_put_writes is not None:
            self.submit(
                self.checkpointer_put_writes,
-                patch_configurable(
-                    self.checkpoint_config,
-                    {
+                {
+                    **self.checkpoint_config,
+                    CONF: {
+                        **self.checkpoint_config[CONF],
                        CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS: self.config[CONF].get(
                            CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS, ""
                        ),
                        CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: self.checkpoint["id"],
                    },
-                ),
+                },
                writes,
                task_id,
            )
@@ -307,19 +286,20 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
            self._output_writes(task_id, writes)

    def accept_push(
-        self, task: PregelExecutableTask, write_idx: int, call: Optional[Call] = None
+        self, task: PregelExecutableTask, write_idx: int
    ) -> Optional[PregelExecutableTask]:
        """Accept a PUSH from a task, potentially returning a new task to start."""
+        # don't start if an earlier PUSH has already triggered an interrupt
+        if self.to_interrupt:
+            return
        # don't start if we should interrupt *after* the original task
-        if self.interrupt_after and should_interrupt(
-            self.checkpoint, self.interrupt_after, [task]
-        ):
+        if should_interrupt(self.checkpoint, self.interrupt_after, [task]):
            self.to_interrupt.append(task)
            return
        if pushed := cast(
            Optional[PregelExecutableTask],
            prepare_single_task(
-                (PUSH, task.path, write_idx, task.id, call),
+                (PUSH, task.path, write_idx, task.id),
                None,
                checkpoint=self.checkpoint,
                pending_writes=[(task.id, *w) for w in task.writes],
@@ -335,9 +315,7 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
            ),
        ):
            # don't start if we should interrupt *before* the new task
-            if self.interrupt_before and should_interrupt(
-                self.checkpoint, self.interrupt_before, [pushed]
-            ):
+            if should_interrupt(self.checkpoint, self.interrupt_before, [pushed]):
                self.to_interrupt.append(pushed)
                return
            # produce debug output
@@ -350,8 +328,9 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
            # match any pending writes to the new task
            if self.skip_done_tasks:
                self._match_writes({pushed.id: pushed})
-            # return the new task, to be started if not run before
-            return pushed
+            # return the new task, to be started, if not run before
+            if not pushed.writes:
+                return pushed

    def tick(
        self,
@@ -413,7 +392,7 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
                }
            )
            # after execution, check if we should interrupt
-            if self.interrupt_after and should_interrupt(
+            if should_interrupt(
                self.checkpoint, self.interrupt_after, self.tasks.values()
            ):
                self.status = "interrupt_after"
@@ -426,6 +405,18 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
            self.status = "out_of_steps"
            return False

+        # apply NULL writes
+        if null_writes := [
+            w[1:] for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[0] == NULL_TASK_ID
+        ]:
+            mv_writes = apply_writes(
+                self.checkpoint,
+                self.channels,
+                [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, null_writes, [])],
+                self.checkpointer_get_next_version,
+            )
+            for key, values in mv_writes.items():
+                self._update_mv(key, values)
        # prepare next tasks
        self.tasks = prepare_next_tasks(
            self.checkpoint,
@@ -485,7 +476,7 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
            return self.tick(input_keys=input_keys)

        # before execution, check if we should interrupt
-        if self.interrupt_before and should_interrupt(
+        if should_interrupt(
            self.checkpoint, self.interrupt_before, self.tasks.values()
        ):
            self.status = "interrupt_before"
@@ -527,35 +518,9 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
        # - receiving None input (outer graph) or RESUMING flag (subgraph)
        configurable = self.config.get(CONF, {})
        is_resuming = bool(self.checkpoint["channel_versions"]) and bool(
-            configurable.get(
-                CONFIG_KEY_RESUMING,
-                self.input is None or isinstance(self.input, Command),
-            )
+            configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_RESUMING, self.input is None)
        )

-        # map command to writes
-        if isinstance(self.input, Command):
-            writes: defaultdict[str, list[tuple[str, Any]]] = defaultdict(list)
-            # group writes by task ID
-            for tid, c, v in map_command(self.input, self.checkpoint_pending_writes):
-                writes[tid].append((c, v))
-            if not writes:
-                raise EmptyInputError("Received empty Command input")
-            # save writes
-            for tid, ws in writes.items():
-                self.put_writes(tid, ws)
-        # apply NULL writes
-        if null_writes := [
-            w[1:] for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[0] == NULL_TASK_ID
-        ]:
-            mv_writes = apply_writes(
-                self.checkpoint,
-                self.channels,
-                [PregelTaskWrites((), INPUT, null_writes, [])],
-                self.checkpointer_get_next_version,
-            )
-            for key, values in mv_writes.items():
-                self._update_mv(key, values)
        # proceed past previous checkpoint
        if is_resuming:
            self.checkpoint["versions_seen"].setdefault(INTERRUPT, {})
@@ -567,6 +532,17 @@ class PregelLoop(LoopProtocol):
            self._emit(
                "values", map_output_values, self.output_keys, True, self.channels
            )
+        # map command to writes
+        elif isinstance(self.input, Command):
+            writes: defaultdict[str, list[tuple[str, Any]]] = defaultdict(list)
+            # group writes by task ID
+            for tid, c, v in map_command(self.input):
+                writes[tid].append((c, v))
+            if not writes:
+                raise EmptyInputError("Received empty Command input")
+            # save writes
+            for tid, ws in writes.items():
+                self.put_writes(tid, ws)
        # map inputs to channel updates
        elif input_writes := deque(map_input(input_keys, self.input)):
            # TODO shouldn't these writes be passed to put_writes too?
@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ import random
 import sys
 import time
 from dataclasses import replace
-from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence
+from functools import partial
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Sequence

 from langgraph.constants import (
    CONF,
    CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS,
    CONFIG_KEY_RESUMING,
+    CONFIG_KEY_SEND,
    NS_SEP,
 )
 from langgraph.errors import _SEEN_CHECKPOINT_NS, GraphBubbleUp, ParentCommand
@@ -23,21 +25,25 @@ SUPPORTS_EXC_NOTES = sys.version_info >= (3, 11)
 def run_with_retry(
    task: PregelExecutableTask,
    retry_policy: Optional[RetryPolicy],
-    configurable: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    writer: Optional[
+        Callable[[PregelExecutableTask, Sequence[tuple[str, Any]]], None]
+    ] = None,
 ) -> None:
    """Run a task with retries."""
    retry_policy = task.retry_policy or retry_policy
    interval = retry_policy.initial_interval if retry_policy else 0
    attempts = 0
    config = task.config
-    if configurable is not None:
-        config = patch_configurable(config, configurable)
+    if writer is not None:
+        config = patch_configurable(config, {CONFIG_KEY_SEND: partial(writer, task)})
    while True:
        try:
            # clear any writes from previous attempts
            task.writes.clear()
            # run the task
-            return task.proc.invoke(task.input, config)
+            task.proc.invoke(task.input, config)
+            # if successful, end
+            break
        except ParentCommand as exc:
            ns: str = config[CONF][CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS]
            cmd = exc.args[0]
@@ -109,15 +115,17 @@ async def arun_with_retry(
    task: PregelExecutableTask,
    retry_policy: Optional[RetryPolicy],
    stream: bool = False,
-    configurable: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    writer: Optional[
+        Callable[[PregelExecutableTask, Sequence[tuple[str, Any]]], None]
+    ] = None,
 ) -> None:
    """Run a task asynchronously with retries."""
    retry_policy = task.retry_policy or retry_policy
    interval = retry_policy.initial_interval if retry_policy else 0
    attempts = 0
    config = task.config
-    if configurable is not None:
-        config = patch_configurable(config, configurable)
+    if writer is not None:
+        config = patch_configurable(config, {CONFIG_KEY_SEND: partial(writer, task)})
    while True:
        try:
            # clear any writes from previous attempts
@@ -126,10 +134,10 @@ async def arun_with_retry(
            if stream:
                async for _ in task.proc.astream(task.input, config):
                    pass
-                # if successful, end
-                break
            else:
-                return await task.proc.ainvoke(task.input, config)
+                await task.proc.ainvoke(task.input, config)
+            # if successful, end
+            break
        except ParentCommand as exc:
            ns: str = config[CONF][CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS]
            cmd = exc.args[0]
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
William Fu-Hinthorn	78e5bf4511	Merge branch 'main' into wfh/docs/memstoreconcept	2024-12-04 08:58:40 -08:00
William Fu-Hinthorn	2709c7e786	Relative	2024-12-04 07:06:12 -08:00
William Fu-Hinthorn	62dafd2f2f	Update the common dims table	2024-12-04 06:53:55 -08:00
William Fu-Hinthorn	c5904135cc	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into wfh/docs/memstoreconcept	2024-12-04 06:49:29 -08:00
William Fu-Hinthorn	fb188c4c5c	Add Memory Store conceptual doc section On semantic search	2024-12-04 06:45:23 -08:00
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
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				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				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
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				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