theHarvester

theHarvester gathers open-source intelligence about a domain or organization from search engines, certificate transparency logs, DNS datasets, code repositories, threat-intelligence platforms, and other public sources.

It is built for the early reconnaissance stage of authorized security assessments. Use it only on targets you own or have explicit permission to test.

Why theHarvester

• Broad discovery coverage: combine many independent sources in one run instead of querying each provider manually.
• Useful result types: collect hostnames, email addresses, IP addresses, URLs, ASNs, and people.
• Enrichment after discovery: optionally resolve DNS, query Shodan, check for subdomain takeovers, brute-force DNS names, scan common API paths, and capture screenshots.
• CLI and browser-accessible API: use the command line interactively or run the FastAPI service for automation and interactive Swagger/ReDoc documentation.
• Repeatable output: print results, write JSON, XML, and JSONL reports, and retain host, email, and IP findings in a local SQLite database.
• Operational controls: select individual sources, set result limits, use HTTP or SOCKS proxies, choose DNS resolvers, and suppress missing-key noise.

Source availability, quotas, and response formats are controlled by third parties and can change independently of theHarvester.

Quick start

theHarvester requires Python 3.12 or newer and uses uv for dependency management.

curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
git clone https://github.com/laramies/theHarvester.git
cd theHarvester
uv sync
uv run theHarvester -d example.com -b crtsh,certspotter

See the installation guide for platform-specific setup and packaged distributions.

Common workflows

Query several passive sources:

uv run theHarvester -d example.com -b crtsh,certspotter,commoncrawl

Run every source that can contribute subdomains:

uv run theHarvester -d example.com -b subdomains

Combine capability selectors, or mix them with explicit source names:

uv run theHarvester -d example.com -b emails,urls,certspotter

Capability selectors form a union and choose which sources run. They do not discard other result types returned by those sources. Available selectors are subdomains, emails, ips, asns, urls, people, and breaches. -b all runs every cataloged P0 passive source. P1 DNS and P2 direct sources require explicit selection.

Save JSON, XML, and JSONL reports:

uv run theHarvester -d example.com -b crtsh,certspotter -f report

Resolve discovered hosts for an authorized domain with the default resolver list:

AUTHORIZED_DOMAIN='replace-with-a-domain-you-control'
uv run theHarvester -d "$AUTHORIZED_DOMAIN" -b crtsh,certspotter -r

List every option and its current behavior:

uv run theHarvester -h

Active features

Options such as DNS brute force (-c), bounded recursive DNS (--dns-recursive-depth), reverse DNS lookup (-n), takeover checks (-t), API endpoint scanning (-a), DNS resolution (-r), and screenshots (--screenshot) generate additional network activity. Use them only within an explicitly authorized scope.

Recursive DNS requires exactly three distinct resolver IPs through --dns-resolvers or the compatible --dns-resolve value. It advances only names with two-vantage address consensus that are distinguishable from closest-encloser wildcard controls. Depth, DNS record query, and runtime limits are configurable through the three --dns-recursive-* options; the default query ceiling is 3,000 record queries across resolver vantages, and three consecutive zero-yield batches also stop recursion. PTR names for current addresses are retained as secondary evidence, but they do not establish current addressability or become recursion seeds. POST /api/v1/runs exposes the same controls.

Screenshot capture also requires a Playwright-compatible browser; see the installation guide for setup.

REST API

restfulHarvest starts a FastAPI service on 127.0.0.1:5000 by default:

uv run restfulHarvest

Open http://127.0.0.1:5000/docs for interactive Swagger documentation or http://127.0.0.1:5000/redoc for ReDoc.

Route	Purpose
GET /api/v1/sources	List registered discovery sources and capabilities.
POST /api/v1/runs	Submit a finite enumeration run.
GET /api/v1/runs	List durable run records.
GET /api/v1/runs/{run_id}	Retrieve lifecycle state, normalized results, and source outcomes.
POST /api/v1/runs/{run_id}/cancel	Cancel queued or running work.
POST /api/v1/runs/import	Import JSONL evidence without executing discovery.
POST /api/v1/runs/import-database	Import completed runs from a theHarvester SQLite database.
GET /api/v1/runs/{run_id}/export	Export normalized evidence as JSONL.

Every /api/v1/* route requires THEHARVESTER_API_KEY in the X-API-Key header. Provider credentials stay in server-side configuration and cannot be supplied in a request. Keep the service bound to localhost. If you require remote access, add network access controls and TLS.

When --proxies and --take-over are combined, supported discovery and takeover requests use the configured proxies.

Discovery sources

The table shows which result types each source can add to consolidated CLI results. XML keeps its existing schema. Legacy JSON now consolidates interesting_urls, linkedin_links, and trello_urls into one urls field. Breach names are retained in JSONL and SQLite. Some adapters parse fields that the reports do not store.

JSON and XML group findings by result type without source attribution. JSONL and SQLite retain source attribution when the collection adapter provides it. Empty optional fields may be omitted. BuiltWith's normalized frameworks, languages, servers, CMS products, and analytics products are retained in JSONL and completed-result SQLite rows.

A checkmark means the source can add that result type. The Additional action output column lists optional actions that return other data.

Read the API key column as follows:

• ✓: credentials are required.
• Optional: a key can provide additional access.
• No: the source has no key setting.

View the source and result matrix

Source	Subdomains	Emails	IPs	ASNs	URLs	People	Breaches	Additional action output (not consolidated report)	API key
arquivo	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
baidu	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
bevigil	✓	No	No	No	✓	No	No	No	✓
bufferoverun	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
builtwith	✓	No	No	No	✓	No	No	No	✓
brave	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
censys	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
certspotter	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
chaos	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
commoncrawl	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
criminalip	✓	No	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	✓
crtsh	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
dehashed	No	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
dnsdb	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
dnsdumpster	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
duckduckgo	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
dymo	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
fofa	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
fullhunt	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
github-code	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
gitlab	✓	✓	No	No	✓	No	No	No	No
hackertarget	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Optional
haveibeenpwned	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓	No	No
hibpverified	No	✓	No	No	No	No	✓	No	✓
hudsonrock	✓	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No
hunter	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
hunterhow	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
intelx	✓	✓	No	No	✓	No	No	No	✓
leakix	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
leaklookup	No	✓	No	No	No	No	✓	No	✓
mojeek	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	Optional
netlas	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
onyphe	✓	No	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	✓
otx	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No
pentesttools	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
projectdiscovery	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
rapiddns	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No
robtex	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No
rocketreach	No	✓	No	No	✓	No	No	No	✓
securityscorecard	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
securityTrails	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
sherlockeye	✓	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	✓
shodan	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	-s / --shodan host-enrichment output	✓
shodanInternetDB	✓	No	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No
shodanct	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
subdomaincenter	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
subdomainfinderc99	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
thc	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
tomba	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
urlscan	✓	No	✓	✓	✓	No	No	No	No
virustotal	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
waybackarchive	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
whoisxml	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	✓
windvane	✓	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	Optional
yahoo	✓	✓	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
zoomeye	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	No	No	No	✓

Provider pricing is intentionally omitted because plans and quotas change frequently. See Configuration and API Keys and each provider's current documentation.

haveibeenpwned remains the keyless public breach catalogue. hibpverified is a separate authenticated source for HIBP's breachedDomain endpoint. It participates in all and matching capability selectors just like every other P0 source, and skips normally when its provider key is absent. API run requests can select it through the shared source contract and return normalized emails plus stable breach names. A live run requires a user-owned paid HIBP API key and a user-owned domain verified in that account; routine tests use offline responses.

The runtime registry also reports the legacy identifiers linkedin, netcraft, omnisint, sublist3r, and zoomeyeapi. These identifiers have no active CLI handlers. The table does not present them as usable sources.

Configuration

On first use, theHarvester creates default configuration files under ~/.theHarvester/. It also reads system configuration from /etc/theHarvester/ and /usr/local/etc/theHarvester/.

• api-keys.yaml stores provider credentials.
• proxies.yaml configures HTTP and SOCKS5 proxies used with -p.

Never commit populated configuration files, API keys, account details, or provider responses.

Results and local data

• Terminal output shows consolidated findings. Separately selected actions, such as -s / --shodan, may print their own enrichment.
• -f NAME writes NAME.json, NAME.xml, and NAME.jsonl.
• Screenshots are written to the directory passed to --screenshot.
• Host, email, IP, and related scan records are stored in ~/.local/share/theHarvester/stash.sqlite.
• Full CLI pipeline runs are also stored transactionally by run UUID with their completed, deduplicated findings.
• API executions use the same SQLite database as CLI results. Durable lifecycle rows stay separate from terminal evidence, while typed results and source or action origins remain queryable. JSONL handles individual run interchange, and the API can import completed runs from another theHarvester SQLite database.

Treat collected OSINT as potentially sensitive. Keep report files, screenshots, and the local database out of source control and share them only within the authorized engagement.

Report formats

The JSON report is a single object. Host entries remain plain hostnames or hostname:address[,address...] values when DNS resolution is enabled. DNS resolution and DNS brute force retain candidates only when A, AAAA, or CNAME evidence is available; CNAME-only candidates remain plain hostnames in existing CLI, REST, JSON, and XML output.

Checker.check() and DnsForce.run() retain their existing (resolved, hosts, addresses) return shape. Normalized A, AAAA, and CNAME values are available through each object's records mapping.

Field	Availability	Contents
cmd	Always	Command-line arguments used for the run.
hosts	Always	Discovered hosts; an empty array when none are found.
shodan	Always	Shodan enrichment rows; an empty array when Shodan is not used.
ips, emails, vhosts, asns	When non-empty	Network and contact findings.
urls	When non-empty	Discovered URLs from every URL-producing source or action.
people, twitter_people, linkedin_people	When non-empty	People and profile findings.
takeover_results	When non-empty	Optional takeover-check results.

The XML report contains the command, emails, hosts, and virtual hosts. Use JSON when you need the additional result types above.

The JSONL report is finalized after the selected one-shot actions finish. The first line identifies the run with its UUID, target, UTC timestamps, and result counts. Each later line is one sorted, deduplicated finding. When you concatenate report files, treat each summary line as the start of a new run.

{"action_executions":[],"artifacts":[],"completed_at":"2026-08-07T12:01:00Z","counts":{"hostname":1},"evidence_status":"complete","result_count":1,"run_id":"123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000","source_executions":[],"started_at":"2026-08-07T12:00:00Z","target":"example.com","type":"summary"}
{"sources":[],"type":"hostname","value":"api.example.com"}

JSONL is easy to stream one record at a time. The summary preserves the evidence status, source and action outcomes, and screenshot artifact metadata. Finding lines carry sources and, when applicable, actions; they inherit their run ID and target from the preceding summary. Hostnames, IP addresses, and URLs use the same hostname, ip, and url result kinds in JSONL, SQLite, the API, and HarvestView. Provenance identifies which source or action produced each finding. Structured result types, including recursive DNS records plus person, infostealer, shodan, and takeover, store a JSON object inside the string value. Parse those values a second time with fromjson.

Parse recursive DNS findings as JSON objects:

jq -c 'select(.type == "dns-recursive-finding") | .value | fromjson' report.jsonl

Stable Have I Been Pwned breach names use breach records. Normalized BuiltWith findings use framework, language, server, cms, or analytics records. Recursive runs also include classifications and one summary containing query cost, reached depth, zero-yield batches, and the stop reason.

List every JSONL finding as tab-separated type and value columns:

jq -r 'select(.type != "summary") | [.type, .value] | @tsv' report.jsonl

List discovered hosts with jq:

jq -r '.hosts[]?' report.json

Count common result types while safely handling omitted fields:

jq '{
  hosts: (.hosts // [] | length),
  emails: (.emails // [] | length),
  ips: (.ips // [] | length),
  asns: (.asns // [] | length)
}' report.json

Export common findings as tab-separated values:

jq -r '(
  ["type", "value"],
  (.hosts[]? | ["host", .]),
  (.emails[]? | ["email", .]),
  (.ips[]? | ["ip", .]),
  (.asns[]? | ["asn", .])
) | @tsv' report.json > findings.tsv

Development and contributing

Read CONTRIBUTING.md for the development setup, required checks, testing expectations, and pull-request process.

Support and credits

• Use GitHub Issues for reproducible bugs and focused feature requests.
• Report suspected vulnerabilities according to SECURITY.md, not in public issues.
• Christian Martorella (@laramies) created theHarvester No cmartorella@edge-security.com.
• Matt Brown (@NotoriousRebel1) and Jay "L1ghtn1ng" Townsend (@jay_townsend1) maintain and develop the project.
• Lee Baird (@discoverscripts) is a main contributor.
• Thanks to John Matherly for Shodan and Ahmed Aboul Ela for the bundled subdomain dictionaries.