Merge branch 'master' into auth-load-thread

- Fix #1526 : Root Server h.root-servers.net has been included for Zone
Transfer Service by including it in the example configuration.
2026-10-14 12:35:11 +02:00 · 2026-10-13 15:56:17 +02:00 · 2026-10-13 14:49:39 +02:00 · 2026-10-13 09:51:19 +02:00 · 2026-10-09 15:55:21 +02:00 · 2026-10-09 09:47:13 +02:00
260 changed files with 24642 additions and 2442 deletions
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ jobs:
            cross_platform_config: "--enable-debug --disable-flto --with-libevent --disable-static"
 
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
        with:
          submodules: false
          persist-credentials: false
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
      with:
        persist-credentials: false
    - name: configure
@@ -1,380 +0,0 @@
-language: c
-
-git:
-  depth: 5
-
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-    - libssl-dev
-    - libevent-dev
-    - libexpat-dev
-    - clang
-  homebrew:
-    packages:
-      - openssl
-      - libevent
-      - expat
-    # homebrew update takes 20min or hangs, so disable update
-    #update: true
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    - os: linux
-      name: GCC on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: amd64
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Clang on Linux, Amd64, clang-analysis
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-        - TEST_ANALYZER=yes
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: Clang on OS X, Amd64, clang-analysis
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      env:
-        - TEST_OSX=yes
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto --with-ssl=/usr/local/opt/openssl --with-libexpat=/usr/local/opt/expat"
-        - TEST_ANALYZER=yes
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: linux
-      name: Libevent, GCC on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: amd64
-      env:
-        - TEST_LIBEVENT=yes
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--with-libevent"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Libevent, Clang on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      env:
-        - TEST_LIBEVENT=yes
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--with-libevent"
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: Libevent, Clang on OS X, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      env:
-        - TEST_OSX=yes
-        - TEST_LIBEVENT=yes
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--disable-flto --with-ssl=/usr/local/opt/openssl --with-libevent=/usr/local/opt/libevent --with-libexpat=/usr/local/opt/expat"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: linux
-      name: UBsan, GCC on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_UBSAN=yes
-    - os: linux
-      name: UBsan, Clang on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_UBSAN=yes
-    - os: linux
-      name: Asan, GCC on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_ASAN=yes
-    - os: linux
-      name: Asan, Clang on Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_ASAN=yes
-    - os: linux
-      name: GCC on Linux, Aarch64
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: arm64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Clang on Linux, Aarch64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: arm64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: linux
-      name: GCC on Linux, PowerPC64
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: ppc64le
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Clang on Linux, PowerPC64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: ppc64le
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: linux
-      name: GCC on Linux, s390x
-      compiler: gcc
-      arch: s390x
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Clang on Linux, s390x
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: s390x
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - CONFIG_OPTS="--enable-debug --disable-flto"
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: Apple iPhone on iOS, armv7
-      compiler: clang
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=armv7-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=ios-cross
-        - IOS_SDK=iPhoneOS
-        - IOS_CPU=armv7s
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: Apple iPhone on iOS, arm64
-      compiler: clang
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=aarch64-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=ios64-cross
-        - IOS_SDK=iPhoneOS
-        - IOS_CPU=arm64
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: Apple TV on iOS, arm64
-      compiler: clang
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=aarch64-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=ios64-cross
-        - IOS_SDK=AppleTVOS
-        - IOS_CPU=arm64
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: Apple Watch on iOS, armv7
-      compiler: clang
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=armv7-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=ios-cross
-        - IOS_SDK=WatchOS
-        - IOS_CPU=armv7k
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: iPhoneSimulator on OS X, i386
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=i386-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=iphoneos-cross
-        - IOS_CPU=i386
-        - IOS_SDK=iPhoneSimulator
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: iPhoneSimulator on OS X, x86_64
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=x86_64-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=iphoneos-cross
-        - IOS_CPU=x86_64
-        - IOS_SDK=iPhoneSimulator
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: AppleTVSimulator on OS X, x86_64
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=x86_64-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=iphoneos-cross
-        - IOS_CPU=x86_64
-        - IOS_SDK=AppleTVSimulator
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode12.2
-      name: WatchSimulator on OS X, i386
-      env:
-        - TEST_IOS=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=i386-apple-ios
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=iphoneos-cross
-        - IOS_CPU=i386
-        - IOS_SDK=WatchSimulator
-        - IOS_PREFIX="$HOME/$IOS_SDK-$IOS_CPU"
-        - HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android armv7a, Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_ANDROID=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=armv7a-linux-androideabi
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=android-arm
-        - ANDROID_CPU=armv7a
-        - ANDROID_API=23
-        - ANDROID_PREFIX="$HOME/android$ANDROID_API-$ANDROID_CPU"
-        - ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-sdk"
-        - ANDROID_NDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-ndk"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android aarch64, Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_ANDROID=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=aarch64-linux-android
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=android-arm64
-        - ANDROID_CPU=aarch64
-        - ANDROID_API=23
-        - ANDROID_PREFIX="$HOME/android$ANDROID_API-$ANDROID_CPU"
-        - ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-sdk"
-        - ANDROID_NDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-ndk"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android x86, Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_ANDROID=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=i686-linux-android
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=android-x86
-        - ANDROID_CPU=x86
-        - ANDROID_API=23
-        - ANDROID_PREFIX="$HOME/android$ANDROID_API-$ANDROID_CPU"
-        - ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-sdk"
-        - ANDROID_NDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-ndk"
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android x86_64, Linux, Amd64
-      compiler: clang
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      env:
-        - TEST_ANDROID=yes
-        - AUTOTOOLS_HOST=x86_64-linux-android
-        - OPENSSL_HOST=android-x86_64
-        - ANDROID_CPU=x86_64
-        - ANDROID_API=23
-        - ANDROID_PREFIX="$HOME/android$ANDROID_API-$ANDROID_CPU"
-        - ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-sdk"
-        - ANDROID_NDK_ROOT="$HOME/android-ndk"
-
-  allow_failures:
-    - os: osx
-      name: Apple iPhone on iOS, armv7
-    - os: osx
-      name: Apple iPhone on iOS, arm64
-    - os: osx
-      name: Apple TV on iOS, arm64
-    - os: osx
-      name: Apple Watch on iOS, armv7
-    - os: osx
-      name: iPhoneSimulator on OS X, i386
-    - os: osx
-      name: iPhoneSimulator on OS X, x86_64
-    - os: osx
-      name: AppleTVSimulator on OS X, x86_64
-    - os: osx
-      name: WatchSimulator on OS X, i386
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android armv7a, Linux, Amd64
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android aarch64, Linux, Amd64
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android x86, Linux, Amd64
-    - os: linux
-      name: Android x86_64, Linux, Amd64
-
-before_script:
-  - |
-    if [ "$TEST_ANDROID" = "yes" ]; then
-      ./contrib/android/install_tools.sh
-    elif [ "$TEST_IOS" = "yes" ]; then
-      ./contrib/ios/install_tools.sh
-    fi
-
-# The Travis docs say to avoid calling exit in the script. It leads to
-# some code duplication to avoid failures in cross-compiles. Also see
-# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/job-lifecycle/ in the Travis docs.
-script:
-  - |
-    export MAKE_TEST="yes"
-    if [ "$TEST_UBSAN" = "yes" ]; then
-      export CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -g2 -O3 -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
-    elif [ "$TEST_ASAN" = "yes" ]; then
-      export CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG -g2 -O3 -fsanitize=address"
-    fi
-  - |
-    if [ "$TEST_IOS" = "yes" ]; then
-      export AUTOTOOLS_BUILD="$(./config.guess)"
-      export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$IOS_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig"
-      source ./contrib/ios/setenv_ios.sh
-      ./contrib/ios/install_openssl.sh
-      ./contrib/ios/install_expat.sh
-      export CONFIG_OPTS="\
-        --build=$AUTOTOOLS_BUILD --host=$AUTOTOOLS_HOST \
-        --prefix=$IOS_PREFIX \
-        --with-ssl=$IOS_PREFIX --disable-gost \
-        --with-libexpat=$IOS_PREFIX "
-      echo CONFIG_OPTS ${CONFIG_OPTS}
-      export MAKE_TEST=no
-      export TEST_INSTALL=yes
-    fi
-  - |
-    if [ "$TEST_ANDROID" = "yes" ]; then
-      export AUTOTOOLS_BUILD="$(./config.guess)"
-      export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$ANDROID_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig"
-      ./contrib/android/install_ndk.sh
-      source ./contrib/android/setenv_android.sh
-      ./contrib/android/install_openssl.sh
-      ./contrib/android/install_expat.sh
-      export CONFIG_OPTS="\
-        --build=$AUTOTOOLS_BUILD --host=$AUTOTOOLS_HOST \
-        --prefix=$ANDROID_PREFIX \
-        --with-ssl=$ANDROID_PREFIX --disable-gost \
-        --with-libexpat=$ANDROID_PREFIX "
-      echo CONFIG_OPTS ${CONFIG_OPTS}
-      export MAKE_TEST=no
-      export TEST_INSTALL=yes
-    fi
-  - ./configure ${CONFIG_OPTS}
-  - make -j 2
-  - |
-    if [ "$MAKE_TEST" = "yes" ]; then
-      make test
-    fi
-  - |
-    if [ "$TEST_INSTALL" = "yes" ]; then
-      make install
-    fi
-  - |
-    if [ "$TEST_ANALYZER" = "yes" ]; then
-      (cd testdata/clang-analysis.tdir; bash clang-analysis.test)
-    fi
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ services/localzone.c services/mesh.c services/modstack.c services/view.c \
 services/rpz.c util/rfc_1982.c \
 services/outbound_list.c services/outside_network.c util/alloc.c \
 util/config_file.c util/configlexer.c util/configparser.c \
-util/shm_side/shm_main.c services/authzone.c \
+util/shm_side/shm_main.c services/authzone.c services/authload.c \
 util/fptr_wlist.c util/locks.c util/log.c util/mini_event.c util/module.c \
 util/netevent.c util/net_help.c util/random.c util/rbtree.c util/regional.c \
 util/rtt.c util/siphash.c util/edns.c util/storage/dnstree.c util/storage/lookup3.c \
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ autotrust.lo val_anchor.lo rpz.lo rfc_1982.lo proxy_protocol.lo \
 validator.lo val_kcache.lo val_kentry.lo val_neg.lo val_nsec3.lo val_nsec.lo \
 val_secalgo.lo val_sigcrypt.lo val_utils.lo dns64.lo $(CACHEDB_OBJ) authzone.lo \
 $(SUBNET_OBJ) $(PYTHONMOD_OBJ) $(CHECKLOCK_OBJ) $(DNSTAP_OBJ) $(DNSCRYPT_OBJ) \
-$(IPSECMOD_OBJ) $(IPSET_OBJ) $(DYNLIBMOD_OBJ) respip.lo timeval_func.lo
+$(IPSECMOD_OBJ) $(IPSET_OBJ) $(DYNLIBMOD_OBJ) respip.lo timeval_func.lo \
+authload.lo
 COMMON_OBJ_WITHOUT_UB_EVENT=$(COMMON_OBJ_WITHOUT_NETCALL) netevent.lo listen_dnsport.lo \
 outside_network.lo
 COMMON_OBJ=$(COMMON_OBJ_WITHOUT_UB_EVENT) ub_event.lo
@@ -721,6 +722,7 @@ depend:
 ipset.lo ipset.o: $(srcdir)/ipset/ipset.c
 doqclient.lo doqclient.o: $(srcdir)/testcode/doqclient.c
 unitdoq.lo unitdoq.o: $(srcdir)/testcode/unitdoq.c
+authload.lo authload.o: $(srcdir)/services/authload.c

 # Dependencies
 dns.lo dns.o: $(srcdir)/services/cache/dns.c config.h $(srcdir)/iterator/iter_delegpt.h $(srcdir)/util/log.h \
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Unbound is a validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver. It is designed to be
 fast and lean and incorporates modern features based on open standards. If you
 have any feedback, we would love to hear from you. Don’t hesitate to
 [create an issue on Github](https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues/new)
-or post a message on the [Unbound mailing list](https://lists.nlnetlabs.nl/mailman/listinfo/unbound-users).
+or post a message on our [community forum](https://community.nlnetlabs.nl/).
 You can learn more about Unbound by reading our
 [documentation](https://unbound.docs.nlnetlabs.nl/).

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 #   modified version of the Autoconf Macro, you may extend this special
 #   exception to the GPL to apply to your modified version as well.

-#serial 31
+#serial 32

 AU_ALIAS([ACX_PTHREAD], [AX_PTHREAD])
 AC_DEFUN([AX_PTHREAD], [
@@ -249,7 +249,22 @@ AS_IF([test "x$ax_pthread_clang" = "xyes"],
 # correctly enabled

 case $host_os in
-        darwin* | hpux* | linux* | osf* | solaris*)
+        solaris*)
+        # Solaris 11.4 introduced XPG7 support and did away with the need for
+        # _REENTRANT.
+
+        AC_EGREP_CPP([AX_PTHREAD_SOLARIS__REENTRANT],
+            [
+#            undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#            include <sys/feature_tests.h>
+#            if _XOPEN_VERSION < 700
+             AX_PTHREAD_SOLARIS__REENTRANT
+#            endif
+            ],
+            [ax_pthread_check_macro="_REENTRANT"],
+            [ax_pthread_check_macro="--"])
+        ;;
+        darwin* | hpux* | linux* | osf*)
        ax_pthread_check_macro="_REENTRANT"
        ;;

@@ -401,6 +401,12 @@ prep_data(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct sldns_buffer* buf)
 	   FLAGS_GET_RCODE(qstate->return_msg->rep->flags) !=
 		LDNS_RCODE_YXDOMAIN)
 		return 0;
+	/* Do not persist data the validator has not yet seen, or has rejected.
+	 * Otherwise an expired blob could maybe reach clients via
+	 * serve-expired. */
+	if(qstate->env->need_to_validate &&
+		qstate->return_msg->rep->security == sec_status_bogus)
+		return 0;
 	/* We don't store the reply if its TTL is 0. This is probably coming
 	 * from upstream and it is not meant to be stored. */
 	if(qstate->return_msg->rep->ttl == 0)
@@ -863,6 +869,11 @@ cachedb_handle_query(struct module_qstate* qstate,
 				return;
 		}
 		/* No 0TTL answers escaping from external cache. */
+		if(qstate->return_msg->rep->ttl == 0) {
+			qstate->return_msg = NULL;
+			qstate->ext_state[id] = module_wait_module;
+			return;
+		}
 		log_assert(qstate->return_msg->rep->ttl > 0);
 		qstate->is_cachedb_answer = 1;
 		/* we are done with the query */
@@ -20,398 +20,25 @@
 * http://man.openbsd.org/getentropy.2
 */

-#include <TargetConditionals.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-#include <sys/sysctl.h>
-#include <sys/statvfs.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <termios.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <string.h>
+/* Modified to use SecRandomCopyBytes. It is from macOS 10.7 (2011) and
+ * iOS 2.0 (2008), and is the primary API for cryptographic random numbers. */
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <mach/mach_time.h>
-#include <mach/mach_host.h>
-#include <mach/host_info.h>
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-#include <sys/socketvar.h>
-#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
-#endif
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <netinet/tcp.h>
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-#include <netinet/udp.h>
-#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
-#include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
-#include <netinet/udp_var.h>
-#endif
-#include <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
-#define SHA512_Update(a, b, c)	(CC_SHA512_Update((a), (b), (c)))
-#define SHA512_Init(xxx) (CC_SHA512_Init((xxx)))
-#define SHA512_Final(xxx, yyy) (CC_SHA512_Final((xxx), (yyy)))
-#define SHA512_CTX CC_SHA512_CTX
-#define SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH CC_SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH
-
-#define REPEAT 5
-#define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
-
-#define HX(a, b) \
-	do { \
-		if ((a)) \
-			HD(errno); \
-		else \
-			HD(b); \
-	} while (0)
-
-#define HR(x, l) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)(x), (l)))
-#define HD(x)	 (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)&(x), sizeof (x)))
-#define HF(x)    (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)&(x), sizeof (void*)))
+#include <Security/SecRandom.h>

 int	getentropy(void *buf, size_t len);

-static int getentropy_urandom(void *buf, size_t len);
-static int getentropy_fallback(void *buf, size_t len);
-
 int
 getentropy(void *buf, size_t len)
 {
-	int ret = -1;
-
 	if (len > 256) {
-		errno = EIO;
-		return (-1);
+		goto error;
 	}

-	/*
-	 * Try to get entropy with /dev/urandom
-	 *
-	 * This can fail if the process is inside a chroot or if file
-	 * descriptors are exhausted.
-	 */
-	ret = getentropy_urandom(buf, len);
-	if (ret != -1)
-		return (ret);
-
-	/*
-	 * Entropy collection via /dev/urandom and sysctl have failed.
-	 *
-	 * No other API exists for collecting entropy, and we have
-	 * no failsafe way to get it on OSX that is not sensitive
-	 * to resource exhaustion.
-	 *
-	 * We have very few options:
-	 *     - Even syslog_r is unsafe to call at this low level, so
-	 *	 there is no way to alert the user or program.
-	 *     - Cannot call abort() because some systems have unsafe
-	 *	 corefiles.
-	 *     - Could raise(SIGKILL) resulting in silent program termination.
-	 *     - Return EIO, to hint that arc4random's stir function
-	 *       should raise(SIGKILL)
-	 *     - Do the best under the circumstances....
-	 *
-	 * This code path exists to bring light to the issue that OSX
-	 * does not provide a failsafe API for entropy collection.
-	 *
-	 * We hope this demonstrates that OSX should consider
-	 * providing a new failsafe API which works in a chroot or
-	 * when file descriptors are exhausted.
-	 */
-#undef FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_TRYING_FALLBACK
-#ifdef FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_TRYING_FALLBACK
-	raise(SIGKILL);
-#endif
-	ret = getentropy_fallback(buf, len);
-	if (ret != -1)
-		return (ret);
+	if (SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, len, buf) == errSecSuccess) {
+		return 0;
+	}

+error:
 	errno = EIO;
-	return (ret);
-}
-
-static int
-getentropy_urandom(void *buf, size_t len)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	size_t i;
-	int fd, flags;
-	int save_errno = errno;
-
-start:
-
-	flags = O_RDONLY;
-#ifdef O_NOFOLLOW
-	flags |= O_NOFOLLOW;
-#endif
-#ifdef O_CLOEXEC
-	flags |= O_CLOEXEC;
-#endif
-	fd = open("/dev/urandom", flags, 0);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		if (errno == EINTR)
-			goto start;
-		goto nodevrandom;
-	}
-#ifndef O_CLOEXEC
-	fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC);
-#endif
-
-	/* Lightly verify that the device node looks sane */
-	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1 || !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
-		close(fd);
-		goto nodevrandom;
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < len; ) {
-		size_t wanted = len - i;
-		ssize_t ret = read(fd, (char *)buf + i, wanted);
-
-		if (ret == -1) {
-			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)
-				continue;
-			close(fd);
-			goto nodevrandom;
-		}
-		i += ret;
-	}
-	close(fd);
-	errno = save_errno;
-	return (0);		/* satisfied */
-nodevrandom:
-	errno = EIO;
-	return (-1);
-}
-
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-static int tcpmib[] = { CTL_NET, AF_INET, IPPROTO_TCP, TCPCTL_STATS };
-static int udpmib[] = { CTL_NET, AF_INET, IPPROTO_UDP, UDPCTL_STATS };
-static int ipmib[] = { CTL_NET, AF_INET, IPPROTO_IP, IPCTL_STATS };
-#endif
-static int kmib[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_USRSTACK };
-static int hwmib[] = { CTL_HW, HW_USERMEM };
-
-static int
-getentropy_fallback(void *buf, size_t len)
-{
-	uint8_t results[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-	int save_errno = errno, e, pgs = getpagesize(), faster = 0, repeat;
-	static int cnt;
-	struct timespec ts;
-	struct timeval tv;
-	struct rusage ru;
-	sigset_t sigset;
-	struct stat st;
-	SHA512_CTX ctx;
-	static pid_t lastpid;
-	pid_t pid;
-	size_t i, ii, m;
-	char *p;
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-	struct tcpstat tcpstat;
-	struct udpstat udpstat;
-	struct ipstat ipstat;
-#endif
-	u_int64_t mach_time;
-	unsigned int idata;
-	void *addr;
-
-	pid = getpid();
-	if (lastpid == pid) {
-		faster = 1;
-		repeat = 2;
-	} else {
-		faster = 0;
-		lastpid = pid;
-		repeat = REPEAT;
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < len; ) {
-		int j;
-		SHA512_Init(&ctx);
-		for (j = 0; j < repeat; j++) {
-			HX((e = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)) == -1, tv);
-			if (e != -1) {
-				cnt += (int)tv.tv_sec;
-				cnt += (int)tv.tv_usec;
-			}
-
-			mach_time = mach_absolute_time();
-			HD(mach_time);
-
-			ii = sizeof(addr);
-			HX(sysctl(kmib, sizeof(kmib) / sizeof(kmib[0]),
-			    &addr, &ii, NULL, 0) == -1, addr);
-
-			ii = sizeof(idata);
-			HX(sysctl(hwmib, sizeof(hwmib) / sizeof(hwmib[0]),
-			    &idata, &ii, NULL, 0) == -1, idata);
-
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-			ii = sizeof(tcpstat);
-			HX(sysctl(tcpmib, sizeof(tcpmib) / sizeof(tcpmib[0]),
-			    &tcpstat, &ii, NULL, 0) == -1, tcpstat);
-
-			ii = sizeof(udpstat);
-			HX(sysctl(udpmib, sizeof(udpmib) / sizeof(udpmib[0]),
-			    &udpstat, &ii, NULL, 0) == -1, udpstat);
-
-			ii = sizeof(ipstat);
-			HX(sysctl(ipmib, sizeof(ipmib) / sizeof(ipmib[0]),
-			    &ipstat, &ii, NULL, 0) == -1, ipstat);
-#endif
-
-			HX((pid = getpid()) == -1, pid);
-			HX((pid = getsid(pid)) == -1, pid);
-			HX((pid = getppid()) == -1, pid);
-			HX((pid = getpgid(0)) == -1, pid);
-			HX((e = getpriority(0, 0)) == -1, e);
-
-			if (!faster) {
-				ts.tv_sec = 0;
-				ts.tv_nsec = 1;
-				(void) nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
-			}
-
-			HX(sigpending(&sigset) == -1, sigset);
-			HX(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, &sigset) == -1,
-			    sigset);
-
-			HF(getentropy);	/* an addr in this library */
-			HF(printf);		/* an addr in libc */
-			p = (char *)&p;
-			HD(p);		/* an addr on stack */
-			p = (char *)&errno;
-			HD(p);		/* the addr of errno */
-
-			if (i == 0) {
-				struct sockaddr_storage ss;
-				struct statvfs stvfs;
-				struct termios tios;
-				struct statfs stfs;
-				socklen_t ssl;
-				off_t off;
-
-				/*
-				 * Prime-sized mappings encourage fragmentation;
-				 * thus exposing some address entropy.
-				 */
-				struct mm {
-					size_t	npg;
-					void	*p;
-				} mm[] =	 {
-					{ 17, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED },
-					{ 11, MAP_FAILED }, { 2, MAP_FAILED },
-					{ 5, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED },
-					{ 7, MAP_FAILED }, { 1, MAP_FAILED },
-					{ 57, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED },
-					{ 131, MAP_FAILED }, { 1, MAP_FAILED },
-				};
-
-				for (m = 0; m < sizeof mm/sizeof(mm[0]); m++) {
-					HX(mm[m].p = mmap(NULL,
-					    mm[m].npg * pgs,
-					    PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
-					    MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1,
-					    (off_t)0), mm[m].p);
-					if (mm[m].p != MAP_FAILED) {
-						size_t mo;
-
-						/* Touch some memory... */
-						p = mm[m].p;
-						mo = cnt %
-						    (mm[m].npg * pgs - 1);
-						p[mo] = 1;
-						cnt += (int)((long)(mm[m].p)
-						    / pgs);
-					}
-
-					/* Check cnts and times... */
-					mach_time = mach_absolute_time();
-					HD(mach_time);
-					cnt += (int)mach_time;
-
-					HX((e = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF,
-					    &ru)) == -1, ru);
-					if (e != -1) {
-						cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec;
-						cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec;
-					}
-				}
-
-				for (m = 0; m < sizeof mm/sizeof(mm[0]); m++) {
-					if (mm[m].p != MAP_FAILED)
-						munmap(mm[m].p, mm[m].npg * pgs);
-					mm[m].p = MAP_FAILED;
-				}
-
-				HX(stat(".", &st) == -1, st);
-				HX(statvfs(".", &stvfs) == -1, stvfs);
-				HX(statfs(".", &stfs) == -1, stfs);
-
-				HX(stat("/", &st) == -1, st);
-				HX(statvfs("/", &stvfs) == -1, stvfs);
-				HX(statfs("/", &stfs) == -1, stfs);
-
-				HX((e = fstat(0, &st)) == -1, st);
-				if (e == -1) {
-					if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ||
-					    S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ||
-					    S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) {
-						HX(fstatvfs(0, &stvfs) == -1,
-						    stvfs);
-						HX(fstatfs(0, &stfs) == -1,
-						    stfs);
-						HX((off = lseek(0, (off_t)0,
-						    SEEK_CUR)) < 0, off);
-					}
-					if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
-						HX(tcgetattr(0, &tios) == -1,
-						    tios);
-					} else if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) {
-						memset(&ss, 0, sizeof ss);
-						ssl = sizeof(ss);
-						HX(getpeername(0,
-						    (void *)&ss, &ssl) == -1,
-						    ss);
-					}
-				}
-
-				HX((e = getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN,
-				    &ru)) == -1, ru);
-				if (e != -1) {
-					cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec;
-					cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec;
-				}
-			} else {
-				/* Subsequent hashes absorb previous result */
-				HD(results);
-			}
-
-			HX((e = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)) == -1, tv);
-			if (e != -1) {
-				cnt += (int)tv.tv_sec;
-				cnt += (int)tv.tv_usec;
-			}
-
-			HD(cnt);
-		}
-
-		SHA512_Final(results, &ctx);
-		memcpy((char *)buf + i, results, min(sizeof(results), len - i));
-		i += min(sizeof(results), len - i);
-	}
-	explicit_bzero(&ctx, sizeof ctx);
-	explicit_bzero(results, sizeof results);
-	errno = save_errno;
-	return (0);		/* satisfied */
+	return -1;
 }
@@ -59,10 +59,7 @@ static int	inet_pton6 (const char *src, uint8_t *dst);
 *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
 */
 int
-inet_pton(af, src, dst)
-	int af;
-	const char *src;
-	void *dst;
+inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst)
 {
 	switch (af) {
 	case AF_INET:
@@ -91,9 +88,7 @@ inet_pton(af, src, dst)
 *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
 */
 static int
-inet_pton4(src, dst)
-	const char *src;
-	uint8_t *dst;
+inet_pton4(const char *src, uint8_t *dst)
 {
 	static const char digits[] = "0123456789";
 	int saw_digit, octets, ch;
@@ -145,9 +140,7 @@ inet_pton4(src, dst)
 *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
 */
 static int
-inet_pton6(src, dst)
-	const char *src;
-	uint8_t *dst;
+inet_pton6(const char *src, uint8_t *dst)
 {
 	static const char xdigits_l[] = "0123456789abcdef",
 			  xdigits_u[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
 /* Whether daemon is deprecated */
 #undef DEPRECATED_DAEMON

+/* Whether X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID is deprecated */
+#undef DEPRECATED_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID
+
 /* Deprecate RSA 1024 bit length, makes that an unsupported key */
 #undef DEPRECATE_RSA_1024

@@ -60,6 +63,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <arpa/inet.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H

+/* Define to 1 if you have the `ASN1_STRING_get0_data' function. */
+#undef HAVE_ASN1_STRING_GET0_DATA
+
 /* Whether the C compiler accepts the "fallthrough" attribute */
 #undef HAVE_ATTR_FALLTHROUGH

@@ -140,6 +146,10 @@
   to 0 if you don't. */
 #undef HAVE_DECL_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_ENCRYPT_CB

+/* Define to 1 if you have the declaration of `ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new',
+   and to 0 if you don't. */
+#undef HAVE_DECL_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL_CTX_NEW
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the declaration of `NID_ED25519', and to 0 if you
   don't. */
 #undef HAVE_DECL_NID_ED25519
@@ -289,6 +299,12 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `FIPS_mode' function. */
 #undef HAVE_FIPS_MODE

+/* Define to 1 if you have the `fnmatch' function. */
+#undef HAVE_FNMATCH
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <fnmatch.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_FNMATCH_H
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `fork' function. */
 #undef HAVE_FORK

@@ -513,6 +529,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <openssl/bn.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_OPENSSL_BN_H

+/* Define to 1 if you have the `OPENSSL_cleanup' function. */
+#undef HAVE_OPENSSL_CLEANUP
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `OPENSSL_config' function. */
 #undef HAVE_OPENSSL_CONFIG

@@ -685,9 +704,16 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `SSL_is_quic' function. */
 #undef HAVE_SSL_IS_QUIC

+/* Define to 1 if you have the `SSL_set1_dnsname' function. */
+#undef HAVE_SSL_SET1_DNSNAME
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `SSL_set1_host' function. */
 #undef HAVE_SSL_SET1_HOST

+/* Define to 1 if you have the `SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled' function.
+   */
+#undef HAVE_SSL_SET_QUIC_TLS_EARLY_DATA_ENABLED
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <stdarg.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_STDARG_H

@@ -852,6 +878,12 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <ws2tcpip.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_WS2TCPIP_H

+/* Define to 1 if you have the `X509_get_key_usage' function. */
+#undef HAVE_X509_GET_KEY_USAGE
+
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID' function. */
+#undef HAVE_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the `X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host' function. */
 #undef HAVE_X509_VERIFY_PARAM_SET1_HOST

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for unbound 1.25.2.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for unbound 1.26.2.
 #
 # Report bugs to <unbound-bugs@nlnetlabs.nl or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues>.
 #
@@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS=
 # Identity of this package.
 PACKAGE_NAME='unbound'
 PACKAGE_TARNAME='unbound'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='1.25.2'
-PACKAGE_STRING='unbound 1.25.2'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='1.26.2'
+PACKAGE_STRING='unbound 1.26.2'
 PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='unbound-bugs@nlnetlabs.nl or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues'
 PACKAGE_URL=''

@@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
  # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
  # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
  cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures unbound 1.25.2 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures unbound 1.26.2 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

 Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ fi

 if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
  case $ac_init_help in
-     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of unbound 1.25.2:";;
+     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of unbound 1.26.2:";;
   esac
  cat <<\_ACEOF

@@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ fi
 test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
 if $ac_init_version; then
  cat <<\_ACEOF
-unbound configure 1.25.2
+unbound configure 1.26.2
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71

 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -2489,7 +2489,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
 This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
 running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

-It was created by unbound $as_me 1.25.2, which was
+It was created by unbound $as_me 1.26.2, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71.  Invocation command line was

  $ $0$ac_configure_args_raw
@@ -3251,13 +3251,13 @@ ac_compiler_gnu=$ac_cv_c_compiler_gnu

 UNBOUND_VERSION_MAJOR=1

-UNBOUND_VERSION_MINOR=25
+UNBOUND_VERSION_MINOR=26

 UNBOUND_VERSION_MICRO=2


 LIBUNBOUND_CURRENT=9
-LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=38
+LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=41
 LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.0.0 had 0:12:0
 # 1.0.1 had 0:13:0
@@ -3363,6 +3363,9 @@ LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.25.0 had 9:36:1
 # 1.25.1 had 9:37:1
 # 1.25.2 had 9:38:1
+# 1.26.0 had 9:39:1
+# 1.26.1 had 9:40:1
+# 1.26.2 had 9:41:1

 #   Current  -- the number of the binary API that we're implementing
 #   Revision -- which iteration of the implementation of the binary
@@ -16005,6 +16008,13 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_header_glob_h" = xyes
 then :
  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_GLOB_H 1" >>confdefs.h

+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "fnmatch.h" "ac_cv_header_fnmatch_h" "$ac_includes_default
+"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_fnmatch_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_FNMATCH_H 1" >>confdefs.h
+
 fi
 ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "grp.h" "ac_cv_header_grp_h" "$ac_includes_default
 "
@@ -18407,7 +18417,31 @@ fi
 # correctly enabled

 case $host_os in
-        darwin* | hpux* | linux* | osf* | solaris*)
+        solaris*)
+        # Solaris 11.4 introduced XPG7 support and did away with the need for
+        # _REENTRANT.
+
+        cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+#            undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#            include <sys/feature_tests.h>
+#            if _XOPEN_VERSION < 700
+             AX_PTHREAD_SOLARIS__REENTRANT
+#            endif
+
+_ACEOF
+if (eval "$ac_cpp conftest.$ac_ext") 2>&5 |
+  $EGREP "AX_PTHREAD_SOLARIS__REENTRANT" >/dev/null 2>&1
+then :
+  ax_pthread_check_macro="_REENTRANT"
+else $as_nop
+  ax_pthread_check_macro="--"
+fi
+rm -rf conftest*
+
+        ;;
+        darwin* | hpux* | linux* | osf*)
        ax_pthread_check_macro="_REENTRANT"
        ;;

@@ -21061,6 +21095,12 @@ then :
  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_BIO_SET_CALLBACK_EX 1" >>confdefs.h

 fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "OPENSSL_cleanup" "ac_cv_func_OPENSSL_cleanup"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_OPENSSL_cleanup" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_OPENSSL_CLEANUP 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi


 # these check_funcs need -lssl
@@ -21089,6 +21129,24 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_SSL_get0_peername" = xyes
 then :
  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_SSL_GET0_PEERNAME 1" >>confdefs.h

+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "SSL_set1_dnsname" "ac_cv_func_SSL_set1_dnsname"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_SSL_set1_dnsname" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_SSL_SET1_DNSNAME 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "X509_get_key_usage" "ac_cv_func_X509_get_key_usage"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_X509_get_key_usage" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_X509_GET_KEY_USAGE 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "ASN1_STRING_get0_data" "ac_cv_func_ASN1_STRING_get0_data"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_ASN1_STRING_get0_data" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_ASN1_STRING_GET0_DATA 1" >>confdefs.h
+
 fi
 ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host" "ac_cv_func_X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host"
 if test "x$ac_cv_func_X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host" = xyes
@@ -21133,6 +21191,54 @@ then :

 fi

+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID" "ac_cv_func_X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
+if test $ac_cv_func_X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID = yes; then
+
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking if X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID is deprecated" >&5
+printf %s "checking if X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID is deprecated... " >&6; }
+cache=`echo X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID | sed 'y%.=/+-%___p_%'`
+if eval test \${cv_cc_deprecated_$cache+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else $as_nop
+
+echo '
+#include "openssl/x509.h"
+' >conftest.c
+echo 'void f(void){
+		(void)X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(NULL, 0, NULL, 0); }' >>conftest.c
+if test -z "`$CC $CPPFLAGS $CFLAGS -c conftest.c 2>&1 | grep -e deprecated -e unavailable`"; then
+eval "cv_cc_deprecated_$cache=no"
+else
+eval "cv_cc_deprecated_$cache=yes"
+fi
+rm -f conftest conftest.o conftest.c
+
+fi
+
+if eval "test \"`echo '$cv_cc_deprecated_'$cache`\" = yes"; then
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "yes" >&6; }
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define DEPRECATED_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+:
+
+else
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
+:
+
+fi
+
+fi
 LIBS="$BAKLIBS"

 ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "SSL_COMP_get_compression_methods" "ac_cv_have_decl_SSL_COMP_get_compression_methods" "
@@ -22639,6 +22745,24 @@ then :

 printf "%s\n" "#define USE_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL 1" >>confdefs.h

+	    ac_fn_check_decl "$LINENO" "ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new" "ac_cv_have_decl_ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new" "$ac_includes_default
+	    #include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2_crypto_ossl.h>
+
+" "$ac_c_undeclared_builtin_options" "CFLAGS"
+if test "x$ac_cv_have_decl_ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new" = xyes
+then :
+  ac_have_decl=1
+else $as_nop
+  ac_have_decl=0
+fi
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_DECL_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL_CTX_NEW $ac_have_decl" >>confdefs.h
+if test $ac_have_decl = 1
+then :
+
+else $as_nop
+  as_fn_error $? "No declaration of ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new in the ngtcp2_crypto_ossl header file. Perhaps the ngtcp2_crypto_ossl devel header files need to be installed." "$LINENO" 5
+fi
+

 else $as_nop

@@ -22818,6 +22942,13 @@ else $as_nop
 fi

 done
+    ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled" "ac_cv_func_SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_SSL_SET_QUIC_TLS_EARLY_DATA_ENABLED 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
    LIBS="$BAKLIBS"

    ac_fn_c_check_type "$LINENO" "struct ngtcp2_version_cid" "ac_cv_type_struct_ngtcp2_version_cid" "$ac_includes_default
@@ -23780,6 +23911,12 @@ if test "x$ac_cv_func_glob" = xyes
 then :
  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_GLOB 1" >>confdefs.h

+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "fnmatch" "ac_cv_func_fnmatch"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_fnmatch" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_FNMATCH 1" >>confdefs.h
+
 fi
 ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "initgroups" "ac_cv_func_initgroups"
 if test "x$ac_cv_func_initgroups" = xyes
@@ -25576,7 +25713,7 @@ printf "%s\n" "#define MAXSYSLOGMSGLEN 10240" >>confdefs.h



-version=1.25.2
+version=1.26.2

 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for build time" >&5
 printf %s "checking for build time... " >&6; }
@@ -26106,7 +26243,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
 # values after options handling.
 ac_log="
-This file was extended by unbound $as_me 1.25.2, which was
+This file was extended by unbound $as_me 1.26.2, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71.  Invocation command line was

  CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
@@ -26174,7 +26311,7 @@ ac_cs_config_escaped=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_config" | sed "s/^ //; s/'/'\\\\\\\\
 cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped'
 ac_cs_version="\\
-unbound config.status 1.25.2
+unbound config.status 1.26.2
 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71,
  with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ sinclude(dnscrypt/dnscrypt.m4)

 # must be numbers. ac_defun because of later processing
 m4_define([VERSION_MAJOR],[1])
-m4_define([VERSION_MINOR],[25])
+m4_define([VERSION_MINOR],[26])
 m4_define([VERSION_MICRO],[2])
 AC_INIT([unbound],m4_defn([VERSION_MAJOR]).m4_defn([VERSION_MINOR]).m4_defn([VERSION_MICRO]),[unbound-bugs@nlnetlabs.nl or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues],[unbound])
 AC_SUBST(UNBOUND_VERSION_MAJOR, [VERSION_MAJOR])
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ AC_SUBST(UNBOUND_VERSION_MINOR, [VERSION_MINOR])
 AC_SUBST(UNBOUND_VERSION_MICRO, [VERSION_MICRO])

 LIBUNBOUND_CURRENT=9
-LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=38
+LIBUNBOUND_REVISION=41
 LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.0.0 had 0:12:0
 # 1.0.1 had 0:13:0
@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@ LIBUNBOUND_AGE=1
 # 1.25.0 had 9:36:1
 # 1.25.1 had 9:37:1
 # 1.25.2 had 9:38:1
+# 1.26.0 had 9:39:1
+# 1.26.1 had 9:40:1
+# 1.26.2 had 9:41:1

 #   Current  -- the number of the binary API that we're implementing
 #   Revision -- which iteration of the implementation of the binary
@@ -483,7 +486,7 @@ PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG
 fi

 # Checks for header files.
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdarg.h stdbool.h netinet/in.h netinet/tcp.h sys/param.h sys/select.h sys/socket.h sys/un.h sys/uio.h sys/resource.h arpa/inet.h syslog.h netdb.h sys/wait.h pwd.h glob.h grp.h login_cap.h winsock2.h ws2tcpip.h endian.h sys/endian.h libkern/OSByteOrder.h sys/ipc.h sys/shm.h ifaddrs.h poll.h],,, [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdarg.h stdbool.h netinet/in.h netinet/tcp.h sys/param.h sys/select.h sys/socket.h sys/un.h sys/uio.h sys/resource.h arpa/inet.h syslog.h netdb.h sys/wait.h pwd.h glob.h fnmatch.h grp.h login_cap.h winsock2.h ws2tcpip.h endian.h sys/endian.h libkern/OSByteOrder.h sys/ipc.h sys/shm.h ifaddrs.h poll.h],,, [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT])
 # net/if.h portability for Darwin see:
 # https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.69/html_node/Header-Portability.html
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([net/if.h],,, [
@@ -1080,12 +1083,19 @@ else
 	AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
 fi
 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([openssl/conf.h openssl/engine.h openssl/bn.h openssl/dh.h openssl/dsa.h openssl/rsa.h openssl/core_names.h openssl/param_build.h],,, [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([OPENSSL_config EVP_sha1 EVP_sha256 EVP_sha512 FIPS_mode EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled EVP_MD_CTX_new OpenSSL_add_all_digests OPENSSL_init_crypto EVP_cleanup ENGINE_cleanup ERR_load_crypto_strings CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data ERR_free_strings RAND_cleanup DSA_SIG_set0 EVP_dss1 EVP_DigestVerify EVP_aes_256_cbc EVP_EncryptInit_ex HMAC_Init_ex CRYPTO_THREADID_set_callback EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params OSSL_PARAM_BLD_new BIO_set_callback_ex])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([OPENSSL_config EVP_sha1 EVP_sha256 EVP_sha512 FIPS_mode EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled EVP_MD_CTX_new OpenSSL_add_all_digests OPENSSL_init_crypto EVP_cleanup ENGINE_cleanup ERR_load_crypto_strings CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data ERR_free_strings RAND_cleanup DSA_SIG_set0 EVP_dss1 EVP_DigestVerify EVP_aes_256_cbc EVP_EncryptInit_ex HMAC_Init_ex CRYPTO_THREADID_set_callback EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params OSSL_PARAM_BLD_new BIO_set_callback_ex OPENSSL_cleanup])

 # these check_funcs need -lssl
 BAKLIBS="$LIBS"
 LIBS="-lssl $LIBS"
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([OPENSSL_init_ssl SSL_CTX_set_security_level SSL_set1_host SSL_get0_peername X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_evp_cb SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb SSL_get0_alpn_selected SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos SSL_get1_peer_certificate])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([OPENSSL_init_ssl SSL_CTX_set_security_level SSL_set1_host SSL_get0_peername SSL_set1_dnsname X509_get_key_usage ASN1_STRING_get0_data X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_evp_cb SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb SSL_get0_alpn_selected SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos SSL_get1_peer_certificate])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID])
+if test $ac_cv_func_X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID = yes; then
+	ACX_FUNC_DEPRECATED([X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID], [
+		(void)X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(NULL, 0, NULL, 0);], [
+#include "openssl/x509.h"
+])
+fi
 LIBS="$BAKLIBS"

 AC_CHECK_DECLS([SSL_COMP_get_compression_methods,sk_SSL_COMP_pop_free,SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto,SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh], [], [], [
@@ -1704,6 +1714,9 @@ if test x_$withval = x_yes -o x_$withval != x_no; then
    AC_CHECK_LIB([ngtcp2_crypto_ossl], [ngtcp2_crypto_encrypt_cb], [
 	LIBS="$LIBS -lngtcp2_crypto_ossl"
 	AC_DEFINE(USE_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL, 1, [Define this to use ngtcp2_crypto_ossl.])
+	    AC_CHECK_DECLS([ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new], [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([No declaration of ngtcp2_crypto_ossl_ctx_new in the ngtcp2_crypto_ossl header file. Perhaps the ngtcp2_crypto_ossl devel header files need to be installed.])], [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT
+	    #include <ngtcp2/ngtcp2_crypto_ossl.h>
+	    ])
    ], [
        AC_CHECK_LIB([ngtcp2_crypto_openssl], [ngtcp2_crypto_encrypt_cb], [ LIBS="$LIBS -lngtcp2_crypto_openssl" ], [
            AC_CHECK_LIB([ngtcp2_crypto_quictls], [ngtcp2_crypto_encrypt_cb], [ LIBS="$LIBS -lngtcp2_crypto_quictls" ])
@@ -1715,6 +1728,7 @@ if test x_$withval = x_yes -o x_$withval != x_no; then
    BAKLIBS="$LIBS"
    LIBS="-lssl $LIBS"
    AC_CHECK_FUNCS([SSL_is_quic], [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([No QUIC support detected in OpenSSL. Need OpenSSL version with QUIC support to enable DNS over QUIC with libngtcp2.])])
+    AC_CHECK_FUNCS([SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled])
    LIBS="$BAKLIBS"

    AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct ngtcp2_version_cid, ngtcp2_encryption_level],,,[AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT
@@ -1928,7 +1942,7 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
  AC_MSG_RESULT(no))

 AC_SEARCH_LIBS([setusercontext], [util])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([tzset sigprocmask fcntl getpwnam endpwent getrlimit setrlimit setsid chroot kill chown sleep usleep random srandom recvmsg sendmsg writev socketpair glob initgroups strftime localtime_r setusercontext _beginthreadex endservent endprotoent fsync shmget accept4 getifaddrs if_nametoindex poll gettid])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([tzset sigprocmask fcntl getpwnam endpwent getrlimit setrlimit setsid chroot kill chown sleep usleep random srandom recvmsg sendmsg writev socketpair glob fnmatch initgroups strftime localtime_r setusercontext _beginthreadex endservent endprotoent fsync shmget accept4 getifaddrs if_nametoindex poll gettid])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setresuid],,[AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setreuid])])
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setresgid],,[AC_CHECK_FUNCS([setregid])])

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static void
 dump_rrset_line(struct config_strlist_head* txt, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* k,
 	time_t now, size_t i)
 {
-	char s[65535];
+	char s[65535*4+2048];
 	if(!packed_rr_to_string(k, i, now, s, sizeof(s))) {
 		spool_txt_string(txt, "BADRR\n");
 		return;
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ load_rr(RES* ssl, sldns_buffer* buf, struct regional* region,
 	/* read the line */
 	if(!ssl_read_buf(ssl, buf))
 		return 0;
-	if(strncmp((char*)sldns_buffer_begin(buf), "BADRR\n", 6) == 0) {
+	if(strcmp((char*)sldns_buffer_begin(buf), "BADRR") == 0) {
 		*go_on = 0;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ move_into_cache(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* k,

 	ref.key = ak;
 	ref.id = ak->id;
-	(void)rrset_cache_update(worker->env.rrset_cache, &ref,
+	rrset_cache_update_unlock(worker->env.rrset_cache, &ref,
 		worker->alloc, *worker->env.now);

 	return 1;
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
 #include "services/view.h"
 #include "services/modstack.h"
 #include "services/authzone.h"
+#include "services/authload.h"
 #include "util/module.h"
 #include "util/random.h"
 #include "util/tube.h"
@@ -217,7 +218,8 @@ setup_listen_sslctx(void** ctx, int is_dot, int is_doh,
 		(cfg->tls_session_ticket_keys.first &&
 		cfg->tls_session_ticket_keys.first->str[0] != 0),
 		is_dot, is_doh, cfg->tls_protocols))) {
-		fatal_exit("could not set up listen SSL_CTX");
+		log_err("could not set up listen SSL_CTX");
+		*ctx = NULL;
 	}
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_SSL */
@@ -259,7 +261,8 @@ void* daemon_setup_listen_quic_sslctx(struct daemon* daemon,
 		pem += strlen(chroot);

 	if(!(ctx = quic_sslctx_create(key, pem, NULL))) {
-		fatal_exit("could not set up quic SSL_CTX");
+		log_err("could not set up quic SSL_CTX");
+		return NULL;
 	}
 	return ctx;
 }
@@ -277,8 +280,10 @@ void* daemon_setup_connect_dot_sslctx(struct daemon* daemon,
 		bundle += strlen(chroot);

 	if(!(ctx = connect_sslctx_create(NULL, NULL, bundle,
-		cfg->tls_win_cert)))
-		fatal_exit("could not set up connect SSL_CTX");
+		cfg->tls_win_cert))) {
+		log_err("could not set up connect SSL_CTX");
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	return ctx;
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_SSL */
@@ -308,16 +313,22 @@ daemon_setup_sslctxs(struct daemon* daemon, struct config_file* cfg)
 		}
 		daemon->listen_dot_sslctx = daemon_setup_listen_dot_sslctx(
 			daemon, cfg);
+		if(!daemon->listen_dot_sslctx)
+			fatal_exit("Could not set up listen dot sslctx");
 #ifdef HAVE_NGHTTP2_NGHTTP2_H
 		if(cfg_has_https(cfg)) {
 			daemon->listen_doh_sslctx =
 				daemon_setup_listen_doh_sslctx(daemon, cfg);
+			if(!daemon->listen_doh_sslctx)
+				fatal_exit("Could not set up listen doh sslctx");
 		}
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_NGTCP2
 		if(cfg_has_quic(cfg)) {
 			daemon->listen_quic_sslctx =
 				daemon_setup_listen_quic_sslctx(daemon, cfg);
+			if(!daemon->listen_quic_sslctx)
+				fatal_exit("Could not set up listen quic sslctx");
 		}
 #endif /* HAVE_NGTCP2 */

@@ -350,6 +361,8 @@ daemon_setup_sslctxs(struct daemon* daemon, struct config_file* cfg)
 	}
 	daemon->connect_dot_sslctx = daemon_setup_connect_dot_sslctx(
 		daemon, cfg);
+	if(!daemon->connect_dot_sslctx)
+		fatal_exit("could not setup connect dot sslctx");
 #else /* HAVE_SSL */
 	(void)daemon;(void)cfg;
 #endif /* HAVE_SSL */
@@ -578,6 +591,17 @@ daemon_init(void)
 		free(daemon);
 		return NULL;
 	}
+	if(!(daemon->auth_load_info = auth_load_info_create())) {
+		edns_strings_delete(daemon->env->edns_strings);
+		auth_zones_delete(daemon->env->auth_zones);
+		acl_list_delete(daemon->acl_interface);
+		acl_list_delete(daemon->acl);
+		tcl_list_delete(daemon->tcl);
+		edns_known_options_delete(daemon->env);
+		free(daemon->env);
+		free(daemon);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	return daemon;	
 }

@@ -921,13 +945,14 @@ thread_start(void* arg)
 {
 	struct worker* worker = (struct worker*)arg;
 	int port_num = 0;
-	log_assert(worker->thr_id);
 	set_log_thread_id(worker, worker->daemon->cfg);
 	{
 		char name[16]; /* seems to be the safest size between
 				  different OSes */
 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "unbound/%u", worker->thread_num);
-		ub_thread_setname(worker->thr_id, name);
+		/* worker->thr_id can be written to after the thread was made
+		 * by the creating thread, so this uses pthread_self. */
+		ub_thread_setname(ub_thread_self(), name);
 	}
 	ub_thread_blocksigs();
 #ifdef THREADS_DISABLED
@@ -942,8 +967,9 @@ thread_start(void* arg)
 		port_num = 0;
 #endif
 	if(!worker_init(worker, worker->daemon->cfg,
-			worker->daemon->ports[port_num], 0))
+			worker->daemon->ports[port_num], 0)) {
 		fatal_exit("Could not initialize thread");
+	}

 	worker_work(worker);
 	return NULL;
@@ -1105,8 +1131,9 @@ daemon_fork(struct daemon* daemon)

 #if defined(HAVE_EV_LOOP) || defined(HAVE_EV_DEFAULT_LOOP)
 	/* in libev the first inited base gets signals */
-	if(!worker_init(daemon->workers[0], daemon->cfg, daemon->ports[0], 1))
+	if(!worker_init(daemon->workers[0], daemon->cfg, daemon->ports[0], 1)) {
 		fatal_exit("Could not initialize main thread");
+	}
 #endif
 	
 	/* Now create the threads and init the workers.
@@ -1119,8 +1146,9 @@ daemon_fork(struct daemon* daemon)
 	 */
 #if !(defined(HAVE_EV_LOOP) || defined(HAVE_EV_DEFAULT_LOOP))
 	/* libevent has the last inited base get signals (or any base) */
-	if(!worker_init(daemon->workers[0], daemon->cfg, daemon->ports[0], 1))
+	if(!worker_init(daemon->workers[0], daemon->cfg, daemon->ports[0], 1)) {
 		fatal_exit("Could not initialize main thread");
+	}
 #endif
 	signal_handling_playback(daemon->workers[0]);

@@ -1148,6 +1176,7 @@ daemon_fork(struct daemon* daemon)

 	/* we exited! a signal happened! Stop other threads */
 	daemon_stop_others(daemon);
+	auth_load_stop_threads(daemon);

 	/* Shutdown SHM */
 	shm_main_shutdown(daemon);
@@ -1164,7 +1193,6 @@ daemon_cleanup(struct daemon* daemon)
 	/* before stopping main worker, handle signals ourselves, so we
 	   don't die on multiple reload signals for example. */
 	signal_handling_record();
-	log_thread_set(NULL);
 	/* clean up caches because
 	 * a) RRset IDs will be recycled after a reload, causing collisions
 	 * b) validation config can change, thus rrset, msg, keycache clear
@@ -1247,6 +1275,7 @@ daemon_delete(struct daemon* daemon)
 		edns_strings_delete(daemon->env->edns_strings);
 		auth_zones_delete(daemon->env->auth_zones);
 	}
+	auth_load_info_delete(daemon->auth_load_info);
 	ub_randfree(daemon->rand);
 	alloc_clear(&daemon->superalloc);
 	acl_list_delete(daemon->acl);
@@ -1270,7 +1299,7 @@ daemon_delete(struct daemon* daemon)
 #  if HAVE_DECL_SSL_COMP_GET_COMPRESSION_METHODS && HAVE_DECL_SK_SSL_COMP_POP_FREE
 #    ifndef S_SPLINT_S
 #      if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000
-	sk_SSL_COMP_pop_free(comp_meth, (void(*)())CRYPTO_free);
+	sk_SSL_COMP_pop_free(comp_meth, (void(*)(SSL_COMP*))CRYPTO_free);
 #      endif
 #    endif
 #  endif
@@ -1293,6 +1322,9 @@ daemon_delete(struct daemon* daemon)
 #  if defined(HAVE_SSL) && defined(OPENSSL_THREADS) && !defined(THREADS_DISABLED)
 	ub_openssl_lock_delete();
 #  endif
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL_CLEANUP
+	OPENSSL_cleanup();
+#endif
 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
 	_ARC4_LOCK_DESTROY();
 #endif
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ struct doq_table;
 struct cookie_secrets;
 struct fast_reload_thread;
 struct fast_reload_printq;
+struct auth_load_general_info;
 struct shared_ports;

 #include "dnstap/dnstap_config.h"
@@ -191,6 +192,8 @@ struct daemon {
 	int fast_reload_tcl_has_changes;
 	/** config file name */
 	char* cfgfile;
+	/** Auth load threads, the number of active threads. */
+	struct auth_load_general_info* auth_load_info;
 };

 /**
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
 #include "services/mesh.h"
 #include "services/localzone.h"
 #include "services/authzone.h"
+#include "services/authload.h"
 #include "services/rpz.h"
 #include "util/storage/slabhash.h"
 #include "util/fptr_wlist.h"
@@ -115,9 +116,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
 #include <netdb.h>
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
-#include <poll.h>
-#endif

 /* just for portability */
 #ifdef SQ
@@ -307,7 +305,7 @@ add_open(const char* ip, int nr, struct listen_port** list, int noproto_is_err,
 #endif
 		}
 	} else {
-		char* s = strchr(ip, '@');
+		const char* s = strchr(ip, '@');
 		char newif[128];
 		if(s) {
 			/* override port with ifspec@port */
@@ -1533,18 +1531,95 @@ do_datas_add(struct daemon_remote* rc, RES* ssl, struct worker* worker)
 	(void)ssl_printf(ssl, "added %d datas\n", num);
 }

+static int
+perform_data_remove_rr(RES* ssl, struct local_zones* local_zones,
+	uint8_t* rr, size_t len, size_t dname_len, char *arg)
+{
+	uint16_t rr_class, rr_type;
+	int labs;
+	struct local_zone* z;
+	struct local_data* ld;
+	uint8_t *rdata;
+	size_t rdata_len, index;
+	struct packed_rrset_data* d;
+	struct local_rrset* p;
+
+	rdata = sldns_wirerr_get_rdatawl(rr, len, dname_len);
+	rdata_len = ((size_t)sldns_wirerr_get_rdatalen(rr, len, dname_len))+2;
+
+	labs = dname_count_labels(rr);
+
+	rr_class = sldns_wirerr_get_class(rr, len, dname_len);
+	rr_type = sldns_wirerr_get_type(rr, len, dname_len);
+
+	z = local_zones_lookup(local_zones, rr, dname_len,
+			labs, rr_class, rr_type, 1);
+	if (!z) {
+		ssl_printf(ssl, "error no zone for rr %s\n", arg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	ld = local_zone_find_data(z, rr, dname_len, labs);
+	if (!ld) {
+		ssl_printf(ssl, "error no local data for rr %s\n", arg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	p = ld->rrsets;
+	while (p && ntohs(p->rrset->rk.type) != rr_type) {
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+
+	if (!p) {
+		ssl_printf(ssl, "error no rrset for rr %s\n", arg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	d = (struct packed_rrset_data*)p->rrset->entry.data;
+	if (!packed_rrset_find_rr(d, rdata, rdata_len, &index)) {
+		ssl_printf(ssl, "error rr %s not found in rrset\n", arg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!local_rrset_remove_rr(d, index)) {
+		ssl_printf(ssl, "error unable to delete rr %s\n", arg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /** Remove RR data */
 static int
 perform_data_remove(RES* ssl, struct local_zones* zones, char* arg)
 {
-	uint8_t* nm;
-	int nmlabs;
-	size_t nmlen;
-	if(!parse_arg_name(ssl, arg, &nm, &nmlen, &nmlabs))
+	uint8_t rr[LDNS_RR_BUF_SIZE], *nm;
+	size_t len = sizeof(rr);
+	int status, nmlabs;
+	size_t nmlen, dname_len;
+
+	/* try to parse as a rr first */
+	status = sldns_str2wire_rr_buf(arg, rr, &len, &dname_len, 3600,
+				NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
+
+	/* try to parse as a domain name second */
+	if (status != 0) {
+		if (parse_arg_name(ssl, arg, &nm, &nmlen, &nmlabs)) {
+			local_zones_del_data(zones, nm,
+				nmlen, nmlabs, LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
+			free(nm);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		ssl_printf(ssl, "error cannot parse rr %s at %d: %s\n", arg,
+			LDNS_WIREPARSE_OFFSET(status),
+			sldns_get_errorstr_parse(status));
 		return 0;
-	local_zones_del_data(zones, nm,
-		nmlen, nmlabs, LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
-	free(nm);
+	}
+
+	/* handle the rr case */
+	if (!perform_data_remove_rr(ssl, zones, rr, len, dname_len, arg))
+		return 0;
+
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -2315,6 +2390,9 @@ zone_del_rrset(struct lruhash_entry* e, void* arg)
 			(struct packed_rrset_data*)e->data;
 		if(d->ttl > inf->expired) {
 			d->ttl = inf->expired;
+			if(d->ttl_add > inf->expired)
+				d->ttl_add = inf->expired; /* for 0TTL rrsets,
+					means that d->ttl_add <= d->ttl */
 			inf->num_rrsets++;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2601,7 +2679,7 @@ static int
 ssl_print_name_dp(RES* ssl, const char* str, uint8_t* nm, uint16_t dclass,
 	struct delegpt* dp)
 {
-	char buf[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN];
+	char buf[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN], portstr[128], tls_auth_name[256];
 	struct delegpt_ns* ns;
 	struct delegpt_addr* a;
 	int f = 0;
@@ -2616,13 +2694,32 @@ ssl_print_name_dp(RES* ssl, const char* str, uint8_t* nm, uint16_t dclass,
 	}
 	for(ns = dp->nslist; ns; ns = ns->next) {
 		dname_str(ns->name, buf);
-		if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "%s%s", (f?" ":""), buf))
+		if(ns->port != UNBOUND_DNS_PORT)
+			snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "@%d", ns->port);
+		else	portstr[0]=0;
+		if(ns->tls_auth_name)
+			snprintf(tls_auth_name, sizeof(tls_auth_name), "#%s",
+				ns->tls_auth_name);
+		else	tls_auth_name[0]=0;
+		if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "%s%s%s%s", (f?" ":""), buf, portstr,
+			tls_auth_name))
 			return 0;
 		f = 1;
 	}
 	for(a = dp->target_list; a; a = a->next_target) {
+		int port = (unsigned)((a->addr.ss_family == AF_INET) ?
+			ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in*)&a->addr)->sin_port) :
+			ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in6*)&a->addr)->sin6_port));
 		addr_to_str(&a->addr, a->addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf));
-		if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "%s%s", (f?" ":""), buf))
+		if(port != UNBOUND_DNS_PORT)
+			snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "@%d", port);
+		else	portstr[0]=0;
+		if(a->tls_auth_name)
+			snprintf(tls_auth_name, sizeof(tls_auth_name), "#%s",
+				a->tls_auth_name);
+		else	tls_auth_name[0]=0;
+		if(!ssl_printf(ssl, "%s%s%s%s", (f?" ":""), buf, portstr,
+			tls_auth_name))
 			return 0;
 		f = 1;
 	}
@@ -3238,6 +3335,10 @@ do_auth_zone_reload(RES* ssl, struct worker* worker, char* arg)
 		return;
 	}
 	if(!auth_zone_read_zonefile(z, worker->env.cfg)) {
+		/* The old tree was already cleared. Do not answer from the
+		 * failed load. */
+		z->zone_expired = 1;
+		auth_zone_clear_data(z);
 		lock_rw_unlock(&z->lock);
 		if(xfr) {
 			lock_basic_unlock(&xfr->lock);
@@ -3249,6 +3350,7 @@ do_auth_zone_reload(RES* ssl, struct worker* worker, char* arg)
 	z->zone_expired = 0;
 	if(xfr) {
 		xfr->zone_expired = 0;
+		xfr->num_ixfrs = 0;
 		if(!xfr_find_soa(z, xfr)) {
 			if(z->data.count == 0) {
 				lock_rw_unlock(&z->lock);
@@ -4362,92 +4464,6 @@ int remote_control_callback(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int err,
 	return 0;
 }

-/**
- * This routine polls a socket for readiness.
- * @param fd: file descriptor, -1 uses no fd for a timer only.
- * @param timeout: time in msec to wait. 0 means nonblocking test,
- * 	-1 waits blocking for events.
- * @param pollin: check for input event.
- * @param pollout: check for output event.
- * @param event: output variable, set to true if the event happens.
- * 	It is false if there was an error or timeout.
- * @return false is system call failure, also logged.
- */
-static int
-sock_poll_timeout(int fd, int timeout, int pollin, int pollout, int* event)
-{
-	int loopcount = 0;
-	/* Loop if the system call returns an errno to do so, like EINTR. */
-	log_assert(pollin || pollout);
-	while(1) {
-		struct pollfd p, *fds;
-		int nfds, ret;
-		if(++loopcount > IPC_LOOP_MAX) {
-			log_err("sock_poll_timeout: loop");
-			if(event)
-				*event = 0;
-			return 0;
-		}
-		if(fd == -1) {
-			fds = NULL;
-			nfds = 0;
-		} else {
-			fds = &p;
-			nfds = 1;
-			memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));
-			p.fd = fd;
-#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-			p.events = POLLERR
-				| POLLHUP
-				;
-#endif
-			if(pollin)
-				p.events |= POLLIN;
-			if(pollout)
-				p.events |= POLLOUT;
-		}
-#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-		ret = poll(fds, nfds, timeout);
-#else
-		if(fds == NULL) {
-			Sleep(timeout);
-			ret = 0;
-		} else {
-			ret = WSAPoll(fds, nfds, timeout);
-		}
-#endif
-		if(ret == -1) {
-#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-			if(
-				errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN
-#  ifdef EWOULDBLOCK
-				|| errno == EWOULDBLOCK
-#  endif
-			) continue; /* Try again. */
-#endif
-			/* For WSAPoll we only get errors here:
-			 * o WSAENETDOWN
-			 * o WSAEFAULT
-			 * o WSAEINVAL
-			 * o WSAENOBUFS
-			 */
-			log_err("poll: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-			if(event)
-				*event = 0;
-			return 0;
-		} else if(ret == 0) {
-			/* Timeout */
-			if(event)
-				*event = 0;
-			return 1;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-	if(event)
-		*event = 1;
-	return 1;
-}
-
 /** fast reload convert fast reload notification status to string */
 static const char*
 fr_notification_to_string(enum fast_reload_notification status)
@@ -4941,6 +4957,74 @@ fr_check_changed_cfg_str2list(struct config_str2list* cmp1,
 	}
 }

+/** fast reload thread, check if config str3list has changed. */
+#define FR_CHECK_CHANGED_CFG_STR3LIST(desc, var, buff) do {		\
+	fr_check_changed_cfg_str3list(cfg->var, newcfg->var, desc, buff,\
+		sizeof(buff));						\
+	} while(0);
+static void
+fr_check_changed_cfg_str3list(struct config_str3list* cmp1,
+	struct config_str3list* cmp2, const char* desc, char* str, size_t len)
+{
+	struct config_str3list* p1 = cmp1, *p2 = cmp2;
+	while(p1 && p2) {
+		if((!p1->str && p2->str) ||
+			(p1->str && !p2->str) ||
+			(p1->str && p2->str && strcmp(p1->str, p2->str) != 0)) {
+			/* The str3list is different. */
+			fr_add_incompatible_option(desc, str, len);
+			return;
+		}
+		if((!p1->str2 && p2->str2) ||
+			(p1->str2 && !p2->str2) ||
+			(p1->str2 && p2->str2 &&
+			strcmp(p1->str2, p2->str2) != 0)) {
+			/* The str3list is different. */
+			fr_add_incompatible_option(desc, str, len);
+			return;
+		}
+		if((!p1->str3 && p2->str3) ||
+			(p1->str3 && !p2->str3) ||
+			(p1->str3 && p2->str3 &&
+			strcmp(p1->str3, p2->str3) != 0)) {
+			/* The str3list is different. */
+			fr_add_incompatible_option(desc, str, len);
+			return;
+		}
+		p1 = p1->next;
+		p2 = p2->next;
+	}
+	if((!p1 && p2) || (p1 && !p2)) {
+		fr_add_incompatible_option(desc, str, len);
+	}
+}
+
+/** fast reload thread, check tag datas. */
+static int
+fr_check_tag_datas(struct fast_reload_thread* fr, struct config_file* newcfg)
+{
+	char changed_str[1024];
+	struct config_file* cfg = fr->worker->env.cfg;
+	changed_str[0]=0;
+
+	/* Check for tag_datas in acl_addr. */
+	FR_CHECK_CHANGED_CFG_STR3LIST("interface-tag-data", interface_tag_datas, changed_str);
+	FR_CHECK_CHANGED_CFG_STR3LIST("access-control-tag-data", acl_tag_datas, changed_str);
+
+	if(changed_str[0] != 0) {
+		if(fr->fr_drop_mesh)
+			return 1; /* already dropping queries */
+		fr->fr_drop_mesh = 1;
+		fr->worker->daemon->fast_reload_drop_mesh = fr->fr_drop_mesh;
+		if(!fr_output_printf(fr, "recursion referenced data has changed, with: '%s"
+			"', and the queries have to be dropped"
+			", setting '+d'\n", changed_str))
+			return 0;
+		fr_send_notification(fr, fast_reload_notification_printout);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /** fast reload thread, check compatible config items */
 static int
 fr_check_compat_cfg(struct fast_reload_thread* fr, struct config_file* newcfg)
@@ -5477,6 +5561,23 @@ xfr_masterlist_equal(struct auth_master* list1, struct auth_master* list2)
 	return 0;
 }

+/** See if configuration has changed. */
+static int
+xfr_config_equal(struct auth_xfer* xfr1, struct auth_xfer* xfr2)
+{
+	if(xfr1 == NULL && xfr2 == NULL)
+		return 1;
+	if(xfr1 == NULL && xfr2 != NULL)
+		return 0;
+	if(xfr1 != NULL && xfr2 == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	if(xfr1->max_transfer_size != xfr2->max_transfer_size)
+		return 0;
+	if(xfr1->max_transfer_time != xfr2->max_transfer_time)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /** See if the list of masters has changed. */
 static int
 xfr_masters_equal(struct auth_xfer* xfr1, struct auth_xfer* xfr2)
@@ -5565,8 +5666,31 @@ auth_zones_check_changes(struct fast_reload_thread* fr,
 				&old_serial)!=0);
 			have_new = (auth_zone_get_serial(new_z,
 				&new_serial)!=0);
+			/* A change in primaries, also means it is different
+			 * and the change makes it fire new transfers, from
+			 * the new primaries. */
+			/* Treat as changed when the old zone has an
+			 * outstanding ZONEMD DS/DNSKEY mesh callback.
+			 * This will make the worker pickup change code
+			 * remove the mesh callback, before the old zone is
+			 * deleted. Also it makes a new zonemd lookup.
+			 * The new lookup is needed, because the new zone
+			 * entry needs to have a valid zonemd result,
+			 * and if that is bad, needs to be invalidated.
+			 * Also if there is a race event where the
+			 * outstanding callback makes the zone invalid,
+			 * before fast-reload completes, the change makes
+			 * the new zone entry have a new zonemd lookup,
+			 * to then invalidate that new zone.
+			 * There is also a brief operational window at
+			 * program start when a zonemd has to be looked
+			 * up on-line, where the zone is operational.
+			 * And this copies that for such a race event.
+			 */
 			if(have_old != have_new || old_serial != new_serial
-				|| !xfr_masters_equal(old_xfr, new_xfr)) {
+				|| !xfr_masters_equal(old_xfr, new_xfr)
+				|| !xfr_config_equal(old_xfr, new_xfr)
+				|| old_z->zonemd_callback_env != NULL) {
 				/* The zone has been changed. */
 				if(!fr_add_auth_zone_change(fr, old_z, new_z,
 					0, 0, 1)) {
@@ -5639,6 +5763,8 @@ ct_create_sslctxs(struct fast_reload_construct* ct,
 		/* Leave listen ctxs and file str at NULL */
 		ct->connect_dot_sslctx = daemon_setup_connect_dot_sslctx(
 			daemon, newcfg);
+		if(!ct->connect_dot_sslctx)
+			return 0;
 		return 1;
 	}

@@ -5648,20 +5774,28 @@ ct_create_sslctxs(struct fast_reload_construct* ct,
 		pem += strlen(chroot);

 	ct->listen_dot_sslctx = daemon_setup_listen_dot_sslctx(daemon, newcfg);
+	if(!ct->listen_dot_sslctx)
+		return 0;
 #ifdef HAVE_NGHTTP2_NGHTTP2_H
 	if(cfg_has_https(newcfg)) {
 		ct->listen_doh_sslctx = daemon_setup_listen_doh_sslctx(
 			daemon, newcfg);
+		if(!ct->listen_doh_sslctx)
+			return 0;
 	}
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_NGTCP2
 	if(cfg_has_quic(newcfg)) {
 		ct->listen_quic_sslctx = daemon_setup_listen_quic_sslctx(
 			daemon, newcfg);
+		if(!ct->listen_quic_sslctx)
+			return 0;
 	}
 #endif /* HAVE_NGTCP2 */
 	ct->connect_dot_sslctx = daemon_setup_connect_dot_sslctx(daemon,
 		newcfg);
+	if(!ct->connect_dot_sslctx)
+		return 0;

 	/* Store mtime and names */
 	ct->ssl_service_key = strdup(newcfg->ssl_service_key);
@@ -6143,6 +6277,7 @@ fr_atomic_copy_cfg(struct config_file* oldcfg, struct config_file* cfg,
 	COPY_VAR_ptr(acls);
 	COPY_VAR_int(donotquery_localhost);
 	COPY_VAR_ptr(tcp_connection_limits);
+	COPY_VAR_int(auth_task_threads);
 	COPY_VAR_int(harden_short_bufsize);
 	COPY_VAR_int(harden_large_queries);
 	COPY_VAR_int(harden_glue);
@@ -6151,6 +6286,7 @@ fr_atomic_copy_cfg(struct config_file* oldcfg, struct config_file* cfg,
 	COPY_VAR_int(harden_referral_path);
 	COPY_VAR_int(harden_algo_downgrade);
 	COPY_VAR_int(harden_unknown_additional);
+	COPY_VAR_int(harden_cname_follow);
 	COPY_VAR_int(use_caps_bits_for_id);
 	COPY_VAR_ptr(caps_whitelist);
 	COPY_VAR_ptr(private_address);
@@ -6387,6 +6523,8 @@ fr_atomic_copy_cfg(struct config_file* oldcfg, struct config_file* cfg,
 	COPY_VAR_ptr(ipset_name_v6);
 #endif
 	COPY_VAR_int(ede);
+	COPY_VAR_int(val_validation_attempts);
+	COPY_VAR_int(val_hash_attempts);
 	COPY_VAR_int(iter_scrub_ns);
 	COPY_VAR_int(iter_scrub_cname);
 	COPY_VAR_int(iter_scrub_rrsig);
@@ -6631,9 +6769,12 @@ fr_reload_config(struct fast_reload_thread* fr, struct config_file* newcfg,
 	}
 #ifdef USE_DNSTAP
 	if(env->cfg->dnstap) {
-		if(!fr->fr_nopause)
-			dt_apply_cfg(daemon->dtenv, env->cfg);
-		else dt_apply_logcfg(daemon->dtenv, env->cfg);
+		if(!fr->fr_nopause) {
+			if(!dt_apply_cfg(daemon->dtenv, env->cfg))
+				log_warn("fast_reload: dnstap identity/version metadata not updated due to allocation failure");
+		} else {
+			dt_apply_logcfg(daemon->dtenv, env->cfg);
+		}
 	}
 #endif
 	fr_adjust_cache(env, ct->oldcfg);
@@ -6773,6 +6914,10 @@ fr_load_config(struct fast_reload_thread* fr, struct timeval* time_read,
 		config_delete(newcfg);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if(!fr_check_tag_datas(fr, newcfg)) {
+		config_delete(newcfg);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if(!fr_check_compat_cfg(fr, newcfg)) {
 		config_delete(newcfg);
 		return 0;
@@ -6864,7 +7009,7 @@ static void* fast_reload_thread_main(void* arg)
 #endif
 		log_thread_set(&fast_reload_thread->threadnum);

-	ub_thread_setname(fast_reload_thread->tid, name);
+	ub_thread_setname(ub_thread_self(), name);
 	(void)name; /* When setname is not defined, ignore the name variable. */

 	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "start fast reload thread");
@@ -6924,286 +7069,6 @@ done_error:
 }
 #endif /* !THREADS_DISABLED */

-/** create a socketpair for bidirectional communication, false on failure */
-static int
-create_socketpair(int* pair, struct ub_randstate* rand)
-{
-#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-	if(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, pair) == -1) {
-		log_err("socketpair: %s", strerror(errno));
-		return 0;
-	}
-	(void)rand;
-#else
-	struct sockaddr_in addr, baddr, accaddr, connaddr;
-	socklen_t baddrlen, accaddrlen, connaddrlen;
-	uint8_t localhost[] = {127, 0, 0, 1};
-	uint8_t nonce[16], recvnonce[16];
-	size_t i;
-	int lst, pollin_event, bcount, loopcount;
-	int connect_poll_timeout = 200; /* msec to wait for connection */
-	ssize_t ret;
-	pair[0] = -1;
-	pair[1] = -1;
-	for(i=0; i<sizeof(nonce); i++) {
-		nonce[i] = ub_random_max(rand, 256);
-	}
-	lst = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-	if(lst == -1) {
-		log_err("create_socketpair: socket: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-		return 0;
-	}
-	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
-	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
-	addr.sin_port = 0;
-	memcpy(&addr.sin_addr, localhost, 4);
-	if(bind(lst, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, (socklen_t)sizeof(addr))
-		== -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: bind: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(listen(lst, 12) == -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: listen: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	pair[1] = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-	if(pair[1] == -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: socket: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	baddrlen = (socklen_t)sizeof(baddr);
-	if(getsockname(lst, (struct sockaddr*)&baddr, &baddrlen) == -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: getsockname: %s",
-			sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(baddrlen > (socklen_t)sizeof(baddr)) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: getsockname returned addr too big");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	/* the socket is blocking */
-	if(connect(pair[1], (struct sockaddr*)&baddr, baddrlen) == -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: connect: %s",
-			sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(!sock_poll_timeout(lst, connect_poll_timeout, 1, 0, &pollin_event)) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: poll for accept failed: %s",
-			sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(!pollin_event) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: poll timeout for accept");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	accaddrlen = (socklen_t)sizeof(accaddr);
-	pair[0] = accept(lst, (struct sockaddr*)&accaddr, &accaddrlen);
-	if(pair[0] == -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: accept: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(accaddrlen > (socklen_t)sizeof(accaddr)) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: accept returned addr too big");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(accaddr.sin_family != AF_INET ||
-	   memcmp(localhost, &accaddr.sin_addr, 4) != 0) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: accept from wrong address");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	connaddrlen = (socklen_t)sizeof(connaddr);
-	if(getsockname(pair[1], (struct sockaddr*)&connaddr, &connaddrlen)
-		== -1) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: getsockname connectedaddr: %s",
-			sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(connaddrlen > (socklen_t)sizeof(connaddr)) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: getsockname connectedaddr returned addr too big");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(connaddr.sin_family != AF_INET ||
-	   memcmp(localhost, &connaddr.sin_addr, 4) != 0) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: getsockname connectedaddr returned wrong address");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(accaddr.sin_port != connaddr.sin_port) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: accept from wrong port");
-		sock_close(lst);
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	sock_close(lst);
-
-	loopcount = 0;
-	bcount = 0;
-	while(1) {
-		if(++loopcount > IPC_LOOP_MAX) {
-			log_err("create socketpair: send failed due to loop");
-			sock_close(pair[0]);
-			sock_close(pair[1]);
-			pair[0] = -1;
-			pair[1] = -1;
-			return 0;
-		}
-		ret = send(pair[1], (void*)(nonce+bcount),
-			sizeof(nonce)-bcount, 0);
-		if(ret == -1) {
-			if(
-#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-				errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN
-#  ifdef EWOULDBLOCK
-				|| errno == EWOULDBLOCK
-#  endif
-#else
-				WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINTR ||
-				WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINPROGRESS ||
-				WSAGetLastError() == WSAEWOULDBLOCK
-#endif
-				)
-				continue; /* Try again. */
-			log_err("create socketpair: send: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-			sock_close(pair[0]);
-			sock_close(pair[1]);
-			pair[0] = -1;
-			pair[1] = -1;
-			return 0;
-		} else if(ret+(ssize_t)bcount != sizeof(nonce)) {
-			bcount += ret;
-			if((size_t)bcount < sizeof(nonce))
-				continue;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if(!sock_poll_timeout(pair[0], connect_poll_timeout, 1, 0, &pollin_event)) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: poll failed: %s",
-			sock_strerror(errno));
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(!pollin_event) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: poll timeout for recv");
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	loopcount = 0;
-	bcount = 0;
-	while(1) {
-		if(++loopcount > IPC_LOOP_MAX) {
-			log_err("create socketpair: recv failed due to loop");
-			sock_close(pair[0]);
-			sock_close(pair[1]);
-			pair[0] = -1;
-			pair[1] = -1;
-			return 0;
-		}
-		ret = recv(pair[0], (void*)(recvnonce+bcount),
-			sizeof(nonce)-bcount, 0);
-		if(ret == -1) {
-			if(
-#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-				errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN
-#  ifdef EWOULDBLOCK
-				|| errno == EWOULDBLOCK
-#  endif
-#else
-				WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINTR ||
-				WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINPROGRESS ||
-				WSAGetLastError() == WSAEWOULDBLOCK
-#endif
-				)
-				continue; /* Try again. */
-			log_err("create socketpair: recv: %s", sock_strerror(errno));
-			sock_close(pair[0]);
-			sock_close(pair[1]);
-			pair[0] = -1;
-			pair[1] = -1;
-			return 0;
-		} else if(ret == 0) {
-			log_err("create socketpair: stream closed");
-			sock_close(pair[0]);
-			sock_close(pair[1]);
-			pair[0] = -1;
-			pair[1] = -1;
-			return 0;
-		} else if(ret+(ssize_t)bcount != sizeof(nonce)) {
-			bcount += ret;
-			if((size_t)bcount < sizeof(nonce))
-				continue;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if(memcmp(nonce, recvnonce, sizeof(nonce)) != 0) {
-		log_err("create socketpair: recv wrong nonce");
-		sock_close(pair[0]);
-		sock_close(pair[1]);
-		pair[0] = -1;
-		pair[1] = -1;
-		return 0;
-	}
-#endif
-	return 1;
-}
-
 /** fast reload thread. setup the thread info */
 static int
 fast_reload_thread_setup(struct worker* worker, int fr_verb, int fr_nopause,
@@ -7580,6 +7445,13 @@ auth_zone_zonemd_stop_lookup(struct auth_zone* z, struct mesh_area* mesh)
 {
 	struct query_info qinfo;
 	uint16_t qflags = BIT_RD;
+	if(z->zonemd_transfer_active) {
+		auth_load_info_release_transfer_in_progress(
+			z->zonemd_callback_env);
+		auth_load_schedule_waiting_pickup(z->zonemd_callback_env);
+		z->zonemd_transfer_active = 0;
+	}
+
 	qinfo.qname_len = z->namelen;
 	qinfo.qname = z->name;
 	qinfo.qclass = z->dclass;
@@ -7587,7 +7459,8 @@ auth_zone_zonemd_stop_lookup(struct auth_zone* z, struct mesh_area* mesh)
 	qinfo.local_alias = NULL;

 	mesh_remove_callback(mesh, &qinfo, qflags,
-		&auth_zonemd_dnskey_lookup_callback, z);
+		&auth_zonemd_dnskey_lookup_callback, z,
+		z->zonemd_callback_unique_info);
 }

 /** Pick up the auth zone locks. */
@@ -7660,6 +7533,8 @@ fr_worker_auth_del(struct worker* worker, struct fast_reload_auth_change* item,
 			released = 1;
 			xfr_disown_tasks(xfr, worker);
 		}
+		auth_load_del_zone_tasks(worker, xfr->name, xfr->namelen,
+			xfr->dclass);
 		lock_basic_unlock(&xfr->lock);
 	}

@@ -7696,6 +7571,9 @@ auth_xfr_pickup_config(struct auth_xfer* loadxfr, struct auth_xfer* xfr)
 	log_assert(loadxfr->namelabs == xfr->namelabs);
 	log_assert(loadxfr->dclass == xfr->dclass);

+	xfr->max_transfer_size = loadxfr->max_transfer_size;
+	xfr->max_transfer_time =  loadxfr->max_transfer_time;
+
 	/* The lists can be swapped in, the other xfr struct will be deleted
 	 * afterwards. */
 	probe_masters = xfr->task_probe->masters;
@@ -7720,6 +7598,16 @@ fr_worker_auth_add(struct worker* worker, struct fast_reload_auth_change* item,
 		/* The xfr item needs to be created. The auth zones lock
 		 * is held to make this possible. */
 		xfr = auth_xfer_create(worker->env.auth_zones, item->new_z);
+		if(!xfr) {
+			log_err("out of memory in fr_worker_auth_add");
+			lock_rw_unlock(&item->new_z->lock);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&worker->env.auth_zones->lock);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&worker->daemon->fast_reload_thread->old_auth_zones->lock);
+			if(loadxfr) {
+				lock_basic_unlock(&loadxfr->lock);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
 		auth_xfr_pickup_config(loadxfr, xfr);
 		/* Serial information is copied into the xfr struct. */
 		if(!xfr_find_soa(item->new_z, xfr)) {
@@ -7789,6 +7677,17 @@ fr_worker_auth_cha(struct worker* worker, struct fast_reload_auth_change* item)
 	} else if(loadxfr && !xfr) {
 		/* Create the xfr. */
 		xfr = auth_xfer_create(worker->env.auth_zones, item->new_z);
+		if(!xfr) {
+			log_err("out of memory in fr_worker_auth_cha");
+			lock_rw_unlock(&item->new_z->lock);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&item->old_z->lock);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&worker->daemon->fast_reload_thread->old_auth_zones->lock);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&worker->env.auth_zones->lock);
+			if(loadxfr) {
+				lock_basic_unlock(&loadxfr->lock);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
 		auth_xfr_pickup_config(loadxfr, xfr);
 		item->new_z->zone_is_slave = 1;
 	}
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
 #endif
 #include "util/locks.h"
+#include "libunbound/remote.h"
 struct config_file;
 struct listen_list;
 struct listen_port;
@@ -365,13 +366,6 @@ void fast_reload_thread_start(RES* ssl, struct worker* worker,
 */
 void fast_reload_thread_stop(struct fast_reload_thread* fast_reload_thread);

-/** fast reload thread commands to remote service thread event callback */
-void fast_reload_service_cb(int fd, short bits, void* arg);
-
-/** fast reload callback for the remote control client connection */
-int fast_reload_client_callback(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int err,
-	struct comm_reply* rep);
-
 /** fast reload printq delete list */
 void fast_reload_printq_list_delete(struct fast_reload_printq* list);

@@ -422,12 +422,28 @@ void server_stats_obtain(struct worker* worker, struct worker* who,
 #  endif
 #endif
 			);
+		log_err("server_stats_obtain: no response from worker %d "
+			"(stats timeout); returning zero stats for this worker",
+			who->thread_num);
+		/* A later reply from the worker, would be sizeof stats reply,
+		 * and the worker_handle_control_cmd routine discards if
+		 * it is not a 4byte command, when that is received here. */
+		memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
+		return;
+	}
+	if(!tube_read_msg(worker->cmd, &reply, &len, 0)) {
+		log_err("server_stats_obtain: failed to read stats from worker "
+			"(tube read error); returning zero stats for this worker");
+		memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
+		return;
+	}
+	if(len != (uint32_t)sizeof(*s)) {
+		log_err("server_stats_obtain: wrong stats length %d (expected %d); "
+			"discarding", (int)len, (int)sizeof(*s));
+		free(reply);
+		memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
+		return;
 	}
-	if(!tube_read_msg(worker->cmd, &reply, &len, 0))
-		fatal_exit("failed to read stats over cmd channel");
-	if(len != (uint32_t)sizeof(*s))
-		fatal_exit("stats on cmd channel wrong length %d %d",
-			(int)len, (int)sizeof(*s));
 	memcpy(s, reply, (size_t)len);
 	free(reply);
 }
@@ -439,7 +455,7 @@ void server_stats_reply(struct worker* worker, int reset)
 	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "write stats replymsg");
 	if(!tube_write_msg(worker->daemon->workers[0]->cmd,
 		(uint8_t*)&s, sizeof(s), 0))
-		fatal_exit("could not write stat values over cmd channel");
+		log_err("could not write stat values over cmd channel");
 }

 void server_stats_add(struct ub_stats_info* total, struct ub_stats_info* a)
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 #include "services/cache/infra.h"
 #include "services/cache/dns.h"
 #include "services/authzone.h"
+#include "services/authload.h"
 #include "services/mesh.h"
 #include "services/localzone.h"
 #include "services/rpz.h"
@@ -95,8 +96,6 @@
 #include "winrc/win_svc.h"
 #endif

-/** Size of an UDP datagram */
-#define NORMAL_UDP_SIZE	512 /* bytes */
 /** ratelimit for error responses */
 #define ERROR_RATELIMIT 100 /* qps */

@@ -501,7 +500,9 @@ worker_handle_control_cmd(struct tube* ATTR_UNUSED(tube), uint8_t* msg,
 		return;
 	}
 	if(len != sizeof(uint32_t)) {
-		fatal_exit("bad control msg length %d", (int)len);
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "bad control msg length %d", (int)len);
+		free(msg);
+		return;
 	}
 	cmd = sldns_read_uint32(msg);
 	free(msg);
@@ -714,7 +715,8 @@ apply_respip_action(struct worker* worker, const struct query_info* qinfo,
 	struct respip_client_info* cinfo, struct reply_info* rep,
 	struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen,
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key** alias_rrset,
-	struct reply_info** encode_repp, struct auth_zones* az)
+	struct reply_info** encode_repp, struct auth_zones* az,
+	int* rpz_passthru)
 {
 	struct respip_action_info actinfo = {0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL};
 	actinfo.action = respip_none;
@@ -725,7 +727,7 @@ apply_respip_action(struct worker* worker, const struct query_info* qinfo,
 		return 1;

 	if(!respip_rewrite_reply(qinfo, cinfo, rep, encode_repp, &actinfo,
-		alias_rrset, 0, worker->scratchpad, az, NULL,
+		alias_rrset, 0, worker->scratchpad, az, rpz_passthru,
 		worker->env.views, worker->env.respip_set))
 		return 0;

@@ -772,7 +774,7 @@ answer_from_cache(struct worker* worker, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int* is_secure_answer, struct ub_packed_rrset_key** alias_rrset,
 	struct reply_info** partial_repp,
 	struct reply_info* rep, uint16_t id, uint16_t flags,
-	struct comm_reply* repinfo, struct edns_data* edns)
+	struct comm_reply* repinfo, struct edns_data* edns, int* rpz_passthru)
 {
 	time_t timenow = *worker->env.now;
 	uint16_t udpsize = edns->udp_size;
@@ -860,7 +862,7 @@ answer_from_cache(struct worker* worker, struct query_info* qinfo,
 			"validation");
 		goto bail_out; /* need to validate cache entry first */
 	} else if(rep->security == sec_status_secure) {
-		if(reply_all_rrsets_secure(rep)) {
+		if(reply_an_ns_rrsets_secure(rep)) {
 			*is_secure_answer = 1;
 		} else {
 			if(must_validate) {
@@ -882,7 +884,7 @@ answer_from_cache(struct worker* worker, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	if((worker->daemon->use_response_ip || worker->daemon->use_rpz) &&
 		!partial_rep && !apply_respip_action(worker, qinfo, cinfo, rep,
 		&repinfo->client_addr, repinfo->client_addrlen, alias_rrset,
-		&encode_rep, worker->env.auth_zones)) {
+		&encode_rep, worker->env.auth_zones, rpz_passthru)) {
 		goto bail_out;
 	} else if(partial_rep &&
 		!respip_merge_cname(partial_rep, qinfo, rep, cinfo,
@@ -1494,6 +1496,8 @@ worker_handle_request(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int error,
 	struct reply_info* partial_rep = NULL;
 	struct query_info* lookup_qinfo = &qinfo;
 	struct query_info qinfo_tmp; /* placeholder for lookup_qinfo */
+	uint8_t* alias_orig_qname = NULL; /* original qname for logs, if
+		a local_alias is used to change the qname. */
 	struct respip_client_info* cinfo = NULL, cinfo_tmp;
 	struct timeval wait_time;
 	struct check_request_result check_result = {0,0};
@@ -1511,7 +1515,7 @@ worker_handle_request(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int error,
 		if (worker->stats.max_query_time_us < wait_queue_time)
 			worker->stats.max_query_time_us = wait_queue_time;
 		if(wait_queue_time >
-			(long long)(worker->env.cfg->sock_queue_timeout * 1000000)) {
+			(long long)worker->env.cfg->sock_queue_timeout * 1000000) {
 			/* count and drop queries that were sitting in the socket queue too long */
 			worker->stats.num_queries_timed_out++;
 			return 0;
@@ -1701,6 +1705,8 @@ worker_handle_request(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int error,
 		}
 		memset(&reply_edns, 0, sizeof(reply_edns));
 		reply_edns.edns_present = 1;
+		reply_edns.edns_version = EDNS_ADVERTISED_VERSION;
+		reply_edns.udp_size = EDNS_ADVERTISED_SIZE;
 		error_encode(c->buffer, ret, &qinfo,
 			*(uint16_t*)(void *)sldns_buffer_begin(c->buffer),
 			sldns_buffer_read_u16_at(c->buffer, 2), &reply_edns);
@@ -1936,6 +1942,11 @@ worker_handle_request(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int error,
 	/* If we've found a local alias, replace the qname with the alias
 	 * target before resolving it. */
 	if(qinfo.local_alias) {
+		if(qinfo.local_alias->rrset &&
+			qinfo.local_alias->rrset->rk.dname)
+			/* Store the original qname, used for logs, since
+			 * local_alias can be removed by region_free_all. */
+			alias_orig_qname = qinfo.local_alias->rrset->rk.dname;
 		if(!local_alias_shallow_copy_qname(qinfo.local_alias, &qinfo.qname,
 			&qinfo.qname_len)) {
 			regional_free_all(worker->scratchpad);
@@ -1983,7 +1994,7 @@ lookup_cache:
 				&alias_rrset, &partial_rep, rep,
 				*(uint16_t*)(void *)sldns_buffer_begin(c->buffer),
 				sldns_buffer_read_u16_at(c->buffer, 2), repinfo,
-				&edns)) {
+				&edns, &rpz_passthru)) {
 				/* prefetch it if the prefetch TTL expired.
 				 * Note that if there is more than one pass
 				 * its qname must be that used for cache
@@ -2101,11 +2112,10 @@ send_reply_rc:
 	{
 		struct timeval tv;
 		memset(&tv, 0, sizeof(tv));
-		if(qinfo.local_alias && qinfo.local_alias->rrset &&
-			qinfo.local_alias->rrset->rk.dname) {
+		if(alias_orig_qname) {
 			/* log original qname, before the local alias was
 			 * used to resolve that CNAME to something else */
-			qinfo.qname = qinfo.local_alias->rrset->rk.dname;
+			qinfo.qname = alias_orig_qname;
 			log_reply_info(NO_VERBOSE, &qinfo,
 				&repinfo->client_addr, repinfo->client_addrlen,
 				tv, 1, c->buffer,
@@ -2253,6 +2263,7 @@ worker_create(struct daemon* daemon, int id)
 		free(worker);
 		return NULL;
 	}
+	rbtree_init(&worker->auth_load_tree, auth_load_tree_cmp);
 	explicit_bzero(&seed, sizeof(seed));
 	return worker;
 }
@@ -2374,6 +2385,8 @@ worker_init(struct worker* worker, struct config_file *cfg,
 		worker_stat_timer_cb, worker);
 	if(!worker->stat_timer) {
 		log_err("could not create statistics timer");
+		worker_delete(worker);
+		return 0;
 	}

 	/* we use the msg_buffer_size as a good estimate for what the
@@ -2526,6 +2539,8 @@ worker_delete(struct worker* worker)
 	/* don't touch worker->alloc, as it's maintained in daemon */
 	regional_destroy(worker->env.scratch);
 	regional_destroy(worker->scratchpad);
+	/* The thread id can reference this worker's id value, so clear it. */
+	log_thread_set(NULL);
 	free(worker);
 }

@@ -2534,7 +2549,8 @@ worker_send_query(struct query_info* qinfo, uint16_t flags, int dnssec,
 	int want_dnssec, int nocaps, int check_ratelimit,
 	struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen, uint8_t* zone,
 	size_t zonelen, int tcp_upstream, int ssl_upstream, char* tls_auth_name,
-	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited)
+	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited,
+	int* ratelimit_incremented)
 {
 	struct worker* worker = q->env->worker;
 	struct outbound_entry* e = (struct outbound_entry*)regional_alloc(
@@ -2546,7 +2562,7 @@ worker_send_query(struct query_info* qinfo, uint16_t flags, int dnssec,
 		want_dnssec, nocaps, check_ratelimit, tcp_upstream,
 		ssl_upstream, tls_auth_name, addr, addrlen, zone, zonelen, q,
 		worker_handle_service_reply, e, worker->back->udp_buff, q->env,
-		was_ratelimited);
+		was_ratelimited, ratelimit_incremented);
 	if(!e->qsent) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -2595,7 +2611,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(
 	struct sockaddr_storage* ATTR_UNUSED(addr), socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen),
 	uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone), size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream),
 	int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream), char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name),
-	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include "util/netevent.h"
 #include "util/locks.h"
 #include "util/alloc.h"
+#include "util/rbtree.h"
 #include "util/data/msgreply.h"
 #include "util/data/msgparse.h"
 #include "daemon/stats.h"
@@ -135,6 +136,8 @@ struct worker {
 #endif
 	/** reuse existing cache on reload if other conditions allow it. */
 	int reuse_cache;
+	/** tree of auth load threads, attached to this worker. */
+	rbtree_type auth_load_tree;
 };

 /**
@@ -643,6 +643,12 @@ handle_event_moddone(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id)
 		qstate->return_msg->rep &&
 		reply_find_answer_rrset(&qstate->qinfo, qstate->return_msg->rep);
 	int synth_qname = 0;
+	if(could_synth && !has_data && qstate->env->need_to_validate &&
+		qstate->return_msg && qstate->return_msg->rep &&
+		qstate->return_msg->rep->security == sec_status_bogus) {
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "dns64: bogus AAAA reply not synthesized");
+		could_synth = 0;
+	}

 	if(could_synth &&
 		(!has_data ||
@@ -654,8 +660,11 @@ handle_event_moddone(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id)

 	/* Store the response in cache. */
 	if( (!iq || !iq->started_no_cache_store) &&
+		!qstate->rpz_applied && !qstate->rpz_passthru &&
+		!qstate->is_subnet_answer &&
 		qstate->return_msg &&
 		qstate->return_msg->rep &&
+		!qstate->fwd_stub_no_cache &&
 		!dns_cache_store(
 			qstate->env, &qstate->qinfo, qstate->return_msg->rep,
 			0, qstate->prefetch_leeway, 0, NULL,
@@ -717,8 +726,15 @@ dns64_operate(struct module_qstate* qstate, enum module_ev event, int id,
 	}
 	if(qstate->ext_state[id] == module_finished) {
 		iq = (struct dns64_qstate*)qstate->minfo[id];
-		if(iq && iq->state != DNS64_INTERNAL_QUERY)
-			qstate->no_cache_store = iq->started_no_cache_store;
+		if(iq && iq->state != DNS64_INTERNAL_QUERY) {
+			if(qstate->fwd_stub_no_cache) {
+				/* If the forward/stub has no cache, then
+				 * continue with the query with no cache. */
+				qstate->no_cache_store = qstate->fwd_stub_no_cache;
+			} else {
+				qstate->no_cache_store = iq->started_no_cache_store;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -825,6 +841,7 @@ dns64_adjust_a(int id, struct module_qstate* super, struct module_qstate* qstate
 	size_t i, s;
 	struct packed_rrset_data* fd, *dd;
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* fk, *dk;
+	int allocated_return_msg = 0;

 	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "converting A answers to AAAA answers");

@@ -840,6 +857,7 @@ dns64_adjust_a(int id, struct module_qstate* super, struct module_qstate* qstate
 			return;
 		memset(super->return_msg, 0, sizeof(*super->return_msg));
 		super->return_msg->qinfo = super->qinfo;
+		allocated_return_msg = 1;
 	}

 	rep = qstate->return_msg->rep;
@@ -852,11 +870,14 @@ dns64_adjust_a(int id, struct module_qstate* super, struct module_qstate* qstate
 		rep->serve_expired_norec_ttl,
 		rep->an_numrrsets, rep->ns_numrrsets, rep->ar_numrrsets,
 		rep->rrset_count, rep->security, LDNS_EDE_NONE);
-	if(!cp)
+	if(!cp) {
+		if(allocated_return_msg) super->return_msg = NULL;
 		return;
+	}

 	/* allocate ub_key structures special or not */
 	if(!reply_info_alloc_rrset_keys(cp, NULL, super->region)) {
+		if(allocated_return_msg) super->return_msg = NULL;
 		return;
 	}

@@ -871,8 +892,10 @@ dns64_adjust_a(int id, struct module_qstate* super, struct module_qstate* qstate
 		if(i<rep->an_numrrsets && fk->rk.type == htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_A)) {
 			/* also sets dk->entry.hash */
 			dns64_synth_aaaa_data(fk, fd, dk, &dd, super->region, dns64_env);
-			if(!dd)
+			if(!dd) {
+				if(allocated_return_msg) super->return_msg = NULL;
 				return;
+			}
 			/* Delete negative AAAA record from cache stored by
 			 * the iterator module */
 			rrset_cache_remove(super->env->rrset_cache, dk->rk.dname, 
@@ -889,15 +912,19 @@ dns64_adjust_a(int id, struct module_qstate* super, struct module_qstate* qstate
 			dk->rk.dname = (uint8_t*)regional_alloc_init(super->region,
 				fk->rk.dname, fk->rk.dname_len);

-			if(!dk->rk.dname)
+			if(!dk->rk.dname) {
+				if(allocated_return_msg) super->return_msg = NULL;
 				return;
+			}

 			s = packed_rrset_sizeof(fd);
 			dd = (struct packed_rrset_data*)regional_alloc_init(
 				super->region, fd, s);

-			if(!dd)
+			if(!dd) {
+				if(allocated_return_msg) super->return_msg = NULL;
 				return;
+			}
 		}

 		packed_rrset_ptr_fixup(dd);
@@ -928,8 +955,10 @@ dns64_adjust_ptr(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct module_qstate* super)
        return;
    super->return_msg->qinfo = super->qinfo;
    if (!(super->return_msg->rep = reply_info_copy(qstate->return_msg->rep,
-                    NULL, super->region)))
+                    NULL, super->region))) {
+	super->return_msg = NULL;
        return;
+    }

    /*
     * Adjust the domain name of the answer RR set so that it matches the
@@ -939,6 +968,7 @@ dns64_adjust_ptr(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct module_qstate* super)
    if(answer) {
 	    answer->rk.dname = super->qinfo.qname;
 	    answer->rk.dname_len = super->qinfo.qname_len;
+	    answer->entry.hash = rrset_key_hash(&answer->rk);
    }
 }

@@ -998,6 +1028,21 @@ dns64_inform_super(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 	/* Use return code from A query in response to client. */
 	if (super->return_rcode != LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR)
 		super->return_rcode = qstate->return_rcode;
+	/* RPZ applied to the subquery need to then change (not cache)
+	 * the super query. With the super query not cached, it is
+	 * going to run the state machine modules on incoming queries,
+	 * that fetch the subquery (cache) response, and modify it
+	 * according to the rpz policy. That makes the synthesized
+	 * super query also adjusted by rpz policies. But loses cache
+	 * hits. Even though the subquery likely is answered from cache,
+	 * internally in its state machine process. */
+	if(qstate->rpz_applied)
+		super->rpz_applied = 1;
+	if(qstate->rpz_passthru)
+		super->rpz_passthru = 1;
+
+	/* Since the super qstate has a new response, its errinf is removed. */
+	super->errinf = NULL;

 	/* Generate a response suitable for the original query. */
 	if (qstate->qinfo.qtype == LDNS_RR_TYPE_A) {
@@ -1006,9 +1051,16 @@ dns64_inform_super(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 		log_assert(qstate->qinfo.qtype == LDNS_RR_TYPE_PTR);
 		dns64_adjust_ptr(qstate, super);
 	}
+	/* If the sub-query has no cache store, then also the super query. */
+	if(qstate->fwd_stub_no_cache)
+		super->fwd_stub_no_cache = 1;

 	/* Store the generated response in cache. */
-	if ( (!super_dq || !super_dq->started_no_cache_store) &&
+	if ( super->return_msg && super->return_msg->rep &&
+		(!super_dq || !super_dq->started_no_cache_store) &&
+		!qstate->fwd_stub_no_cache &&
+		!super->rpz_applied && !super->rpz_passthru &&
+		!super->is_subnet_answer &&
 		!dns_cache_store(super->env, &super->qinfo, super->return_msg->rep,
 		0, super->prefetch_leeway, 0, NULL, super->query_flags,
 		qstate->qstarttime, qstate->is_valrec))
@@ -842,7 +842,14 @@ dnsc_parse_keys(struct dnsc_env *env, struct config_file *cfg)
 			if(memcmp(current_keypair->crypt_publickey,
 				env->signed_certs[c].server_publickey,
 				crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES) == 0) {
-				dnsccert *current_cert = &env->certs[cert_id++];
+				dnsccert* current_cert;
+				if(cert_id >= env->signed_certs_count) {
+					log_err("dnscrypt: secret key %s matches a cert that "
+						"is already bound to another key (duplicate "
+						"dnscrypt-secret-key?)", head->str);
+					return -1;
+				}
+				current_cert = &env->certs[cert_id++];
 				found_cert = 1;
 				current_cert->keypair = current_keypair;
 				memcpy(current_cert->magic_query,
@@ -176,26 +176,29 @@ dt_create(struct config_file* cfg)
 	env->dtio = dt_io_thread_create();
 	if(!env->dtio) {
 		log_err("malloc failure");
-		free(env);
+		dt_delete(env);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	if(!dt_io_thread_apply_cfg(env->dtio, cfg)) {
-		dt_io_thread_delete(env->dtio);
-		free(env);
+		dt_delete(env);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if(!dt_apply_cfg(env, cfg)) {
+		dt_delete(env);
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	dt_apply_cfg(env, cfg);
 	return env;
 }

-static void
+static int
 dt_apply_identity(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg)
 {
 	char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN+1];
 	if (!cfg->dnstap_send_identity) {
 		free(env->identity);
 		env->identity = NULL;
-		return;
+		env->len_identity = 0;
+		return 1;
 	}
 	free(env->identity);
 	if (cfg->dnstap_identity == NULL || cfg->dnstap_identity[0] == 0) {
@@ -203,36 +206,49 @@ dt_apply_identity(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg)
 			buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN] = 0;
 			env->identity = strdup(buf);
 		} else {
-			fatal_exit("dt_apply_identity: gethostname() failed");
+			log_err("dt_apply_identity: gethostname() failed: %s",
+				strerror(errno));
+			env->identity = NULL;
+			env->len_identity = 0;
+			return 0;
 		}
 	} else {
 		env->identity = strdup(cfg->dnstap_identity);
 	}
-	if (env->identity == NULL)
-		fatal_exit("dt_apply_identity: strdup() failed");
+	if (env->identity == NULL) {
+		log_err("dt_apply_identity: strdup() failed");
+		env->len_identity = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	env->len_identity = (unsigned int)strlen(env->identity);
 	verbose(VERB_OPS, "dnstap identity field set to \"%s\"",
 		env->identity);
+	return 1;
 }

-static void
+static int
 dt_apply_version(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg)
 {
 	if (!cfg->dnstap_send_version) {
 		free(env->version);
 		env->version = NULL;
-		return;
+		env->len_version = 0;
+		return 1;
 	}
 	free(env->version);
 	if (cfg->dnstap_version == NULL || cfg->dnstap_version[0] == 0)
 		env->version = strdup(PACKAGE_STRING);
 	else
 		env->version = strdup(cfg->dnstap_version);
-	if (env->version == NULL)
-		fatal_exit("dt_apply_version: strdup() failed");
+	if (env->version == NULL) {
+		log_err("dt_apply_version: strdup() failed");
+		env->len_version = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	env->len_version = (unsigned int)strlen(env->version);
 	verbose(VERB_OPS, "dnstap version field set to \"%s\"",
 		env->version);
+	return 1;
 }

 void
@@ -276,15 +292,18 @@ dt_apply_logcfg(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg)
 	lock_basic_unlock(&env->sample_lock);
 }

-void
+int
 dt_apply_cfg(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg)
 {
 	if (!cfg->dnstap)
-		return;
+		return 1;

-	dt_apply_identity(env, cfg);
-	dt_apply_version(env, cfg);
 	dt_apply_logcfg(env, cfg);
+	if(!dt_apply_identity(env, cfg))
+		return 0;
+	if(!dt_apply_version(env, cfg))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
 }

 int
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ dt_create(struct config_file* cfg);
 * Apply config settings.
 * @param env: dnstap environment object.
 * @param cfg: new config settings.
+ * @return false on failure.
 */
-void
-dt_apply_cfg(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg);
+int dt_apply_cfg(struct dt_env *env, struct config_file *cfg);

 /**
 * Apply config settings for log enable for message types.
@@ -2144,7 +2144,7 @@ static void* dnstap_io(void* arg)
 #endif
 		log_thread_set(&dtio->threadnum);

-	ub_thread_setname(dtio->tid, name);
+	ub_thread_setname(ub_thread_self(), name);

 	/* setup */
 	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "start dnstap io thread");
@@ -1659,7 +1659,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* worker_send_query(
 	socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen), uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone),
 	size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream),
 	int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream), char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name),
-	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -1693,7 +1694,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(
 	socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen), uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone),
 	size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream),
 	int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream), char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name),
-	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -1,3 +1,693 @@
+13 October 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix dns64 synthesis and cache with subnet module enabled.
+	  The subnet module stopped a cache store, that caused later
+	  dns64 replies to have a nodata answer for the AAAA.
+
+13 October 2026: Yorgos
+	- Fix #1526: Root Server h.root-servers.net has been included for Zone
+	  Transfer Service by including it in the example configuration.
+
+2 October 2026: Yorgos
+	- Document libunbound's context lifetime during an async callback.
+	  Thanks to Omar Mousa for the suggestion.
+
+28 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to log the errno for trust anchor write close fail.
+	- Merge #1518 from nshopik: rrset: rehash copies after
+	  changing the key.
+	- Fix to allow for large (64Kb) packets with testbound.
+
+22 September 2026: Yorgos
+	- Fix #1514: [FR] do-not-query-localhost is not including
+	  0.0.0.0/8 and ‘::’ in the man page.
+	- Fix #1513: [FR] Size of harden-large-queries in the man page.
+	- Move NORMAL_UDP_SIZE around.
+	- Clarify man page text for harden-short-bufsize.
+	- Update generated man pages.
+
+21 September 2026: Yorgos
+	- Merge #1510 from Andy Warner: Move unlink of temp file to before
+	  fatal exit.
+
+16 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Release of 1.26.1 with the following security fixes.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-81642, Heap buffer overflow and possible Remote Code
+	  Execution when digesting DNSKEY. Thanks to Yuqi Qiu and Xiang Li
+	  from Nankai University, AOSP Lab for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-81634, Possible heap buffer overflow during DNSSEC
+	  canonicalization. Thanks to Vlatko Kosturjak with Marlink Cyber,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-82717, CNAME synthesis could lead to heap corruption.
+	  Thanks to Ben Morris from Anthropic for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-77955, Possible ZONEMD verification bypass window.
+	  Thanks to Yuqi Qiu and Xiang Li from Nankai University, AOSP Lab,
+	  for the report. In addition, thanks to Qifan Zhang from Palo Alto
+	  Networks for also reporting this issue.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-78227, Use-after-free in DoQ stream output buffer on
+	  reset re-transmission. Thanks to Yuqi Qiu and Xiang Li from Nankai
+	  University, AOSP Lab for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-80225, Possible degradation of service from continuous
+	  queries on the same TCP/DoT connection. Thanks to Qifan Zhang from
+	  Palo Alto Networks for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-82720, Use-after-free in DoH stream cleanup code path.
+	  Thanks to Yuqi Qiu and Xiang Li from Nankai University, AOSP Lab,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-85501, Retrap: Novel Vulnerabilities to launch
+	  Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on DNSSEC. Thanks to Zuyao Xu and
+	  Xiang Li from Nankai University, AOSP Lab for the report. In
+	  addition, thanks to Qifan Zhang from Palo Alto Networks for a
+	  complimentary report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-77860, 'serve-expired' can bypass Unbound 'wait-limit'.
+	  Thanks to Xuanchao Xie, Lutong Chen, and Kaiping Xue from the
+	  University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) for the
+	  report.
+	- The code repository continues with 1.26.2 under development,
+	  that includes the changes from before the 1.26.1 commits.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-81642.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-82717.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-85501.
+
+15 September 2026: Wouter
+	- For #1507: TOCTOU race in store_rrsets() can return a
+	  CNAME chain whose target owns no address.
+
+10 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to construct the delegation point during DS NS find
+	  as a child side delegation point if that was the response.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix to error on missing close parenthesis for zone file
+	  read and for url content read. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo
+	  Alto Networks, for the report.
+
+8 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to elevate the diagnostic for no matches for a wildcard
+	  trusted-keys-file, make it more descriptive, and more man
+	  page content for it. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+
+4 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to make rpz_config leave the rpz with correct set up
+	  on failure. The struct is not half configured on exit.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix to not change the action override in rpz_config, before
+	  the cname override has succeeded.
+
+3 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to match NSEC3 hash length to the NSEC3 algorithm,
+	  this stops negative cache overdeletion. It also contrains
+	  the hash label length and checks if the NSEC nextowner
+	  is valid. Thanks to Yuqi Qiu & Xiang Li (Nankai University,
+	  AOSP Lab).
+	- Remove unused .travis.yml for ci integration.
+	- Fix to reorder SVCB and HTTPS svcparams for unknown RR form
+	  zonefile input. If it can not be parsed it is leniently
+	  accepted, much like as a secondary it leniently accepts it.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that when extended EDNS RCODE does not fit, at short
+	  udpsize, the reply is truncated with TC and fix for the
+	  rcode in that short reply to be a sensible rcode.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that when a partial EDNS option is in a query, the
+	  response is a more RFC conformant FORMERR, since the EDNS
+	  option is malformed. Also fix to have an EDNS size for
+	  the reply error encoding for failed EDNS parse of the query.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+
+2 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to not commit to have_zone at apply AXFR time for auth
+	  zone transfers, so that later failure rolls back to not.
+	  The have_zone value is set later when the SOA is retrieved.
+	  Also fix to clear the zone data when a transfer does not
+	  have a valid SOA record in the zone for it.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+
+1 September 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to allow block_a and other local-zone types in a view.
+	- Fix LOC RR parse to avoid double to uint32 cast overflow.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+
+26 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix notify for auth-zone during initial start up. It
+	  performs the transfer and not only lookup.
+
+24 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #132: Add `harden-cname-follow: yes` config option, that
+	  can be used to disable cname scrubbing. That can be useful
+	  for when the traffic is on localhost only.
+
+21 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to defend against double event deletion, that could cause
+	  event corruption and use after free, for comm_timer_disable.
+
+11 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #1492 from zacek: Data race in log_init() on
+	  key_created/log_lock when calling ub_ctx_create()
+	  concurrently from multiple threads.
+	- Fix stat_values.tdir test to have less test failures.
+
+7 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #1489 from jplesnik: Replace removed Python 2 C API
+	  macros for SWIG 4.5.0 compatibility.
+
+6 August 2026: Alex Khanin
+	- Fix #1488: bounds check in packed_rr_to_string, it checked
+	  the assembled rr length against the output string length
+	  dest_len, instead of against the size of the rr buffer it
+	  writes into. Callers in cachedump.c and remote.c pass a
+	  dest_len larger than that buffer.
+	- Unit test for packed_rr_to_string.
+
+6 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #1485: the list_forwards command omits port numbers.
+	  The list_forwards and list_stubs commands for
+	  unbound-control print port and tls auth name.
+	- Fix #1487: regression in 1.26.0, ipsecmod is now always
+	  partly enabled.
+
+4 August 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to set makedist.sh to not wget config.sub and
+	  config.guess from git repo. The fetch times out, and the
+	  version from libtoolize is much more recent now than
+	  that it was when the wget was added.
+
+31 July 2026: Wouter
+	- For #1483: The failure reason when an NSEC NXDOMAIN is
+	  encountered when looking for an insecure delegation, is
+	  fixed to mention the NSEC records, instead of nonexistent
+	  NSEC3 records, that it attempted.
+
+30 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #1482: DNS-over-QUIC doesn't work with simple config.
+	  That fixes interface-automatic for use with doq service.
+
+28 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Tag for 1.26.0rc1. The repo continues with version 1.26.1.
+	  This became 1.26.0 on 4 aug 2026.
+
+24 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1433 from jisakiel: Add new static zone type
+	  block_aaaa to suppress AAAA queries.
+	- Unit test for block_a and block_aaaa.
+	- Fix #1477: respip + dns64: dns64 uses A records modified by
+	  respip instead of original A records. Adds local-zone types
+	  block_a_wdata and block_aaaa_wdata, that are like block_a
+	  and block_aaaa, and uses local-data if present.
+	- set code repository version to 1.26.0.
+	- Update generated man pages.
+	- Fix to allow test fake sha1 on systems with possible sha1
+	  support.
+	- Fix to use sha256 for unbound-anchor unit test.
+	- Fix unbound-anchor check for return value of
+	  X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID of the emailaddress.
+	- Fix lock test protect for auth zone change.
+	- Fix to lock shared_ports structure during initialisation.
+	- Fix to lock anchor structure when file is set for it in
+	  parse of the header.
+	- Merge #1480 from petrvaganoff: authzone: fix memory leak in
+	  xfer_set_masters() error path.
+	- Fix unused variable warnings in shared_ports_fetch_random
+	  and shared_ports_return_port when compiled without threads.
+	- Fix to guard access to shared ports interface array during
+	  set up, for analyzer.
+	- Fix sign of comparison warning in shared ports setup.
+	- Fix #1481: Fix to use tls-port after referral if
+	  tls-upstream is set.
+	- Merge #1479 from psumbera: Fix pthread detection on
+	  Solaris 11.4.
+	- Fix to call OPENSSL_cleanup on exit when that is defined.
+
+23 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Updated credits for Xuanchao Xie in 22 july changelog.
+	- Merge #1478 from petrvaganoff: pythonmod: add check return
+	  value after ftell().
+	- Fix that for NSEC3 proofs the NSEC3 zone, as the b32.name is
+	  checked to be the same as the signer name. Also RRSIGs are
+	  not considered valid when an NSEC3 is not b32.signerzone.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that the aggressive negative cache does not insert NSEC
+	  records with overreaching next owner name. Also the result
+	  is not above the trust anchor's bailiwick. Also RRSIGS are
+	  not considered valid when an NSEC next owner name is not
+	  under the signer zone name. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo
+	  Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix mesh cycle detection for configuration with respip CNAME
+	  loop and tagged clients. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+
+22 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Release tag for 1.25.2, with the security commits:
+	- Fix CVE-2026-14586, Assertion in libngtcp2 when under pressure
+	  in high concurrency DNS-over-QUIC environments. Thanks to Kunta
+	  Chu, Kaihua Wang, and Jianjun Chen from Tsinghua University,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-32665, Remote DNS-over-QUIC denial of
+	  service due to `quic-size` budget bypass. Thanks to N0zoM1z0
+	  (https://github.com/N0zoM1z0) for the report. In addition, thanks to
+	  Kunta Chu, Kaihua Wang, and Jianjun Chen from Tsinghua University,
+	  for also reporting this issue. In addition, thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for also reporting this issue. In addition,
+	  thanks to Xuanchao Xie, Lutong Chen, and Kaiping Xue of the
+	  University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), for also
+	  reporting this issue.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-40691, Packet of death for DNSCrypt over TCP. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report. In addition,
+	  thanks to Trung Nguyen (@everping) of CyStack, for also reporting
+	  this issue.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-41637, Degradation of resolution service from
+	  improperly accounted client-terminated DNS-over-QUIC queries. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-42955, Extra fix for CVE-2026-40622 to also clamp
+	  the TTL of A/AAAA records disallowing a one-time 'ghost domain'
+	  delegation renewal via glue records. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo
+	  Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-44621, Libunbound applications configured with
+	  'unwanted-reply-threshold' could eventually be abruptly
+	  terminated. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the
+	  report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-44687, Off-by-one error in 'harden-below-nxdomain'
+	  logic can shadow a stub/forward zone by a legitimate parent's
+	  NXDOMAIN. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-44690, Cross-zone wildcard cache poisoning via
+	  RRSIG.labels manipulation. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-46582, A wildcard replay, as another piece of data,
+	  triggers poisoning in the serve expired reply path. Thanks to
+	  Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-50045, 'max-global-quota' reset by DNSSEC validation
+	  restarts. Thanks to Kunjie Shang, University of Science and
+	  Technology of China, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-50046, Possible heap use-after-free in an error path
+	  when a DoT forwarded query is jostled out. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-50243, 'response-ip'/'rpz' can rewrite BOGUS answers
+	  instead of returning SERVFAIL. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-50248, BOGUS configured primary hostname accepted for
+	  XFR in auth/rpz zones. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-50251, Attacker supplied `0.0.0.0`/`::` glue triggers
+	  defensive full-cache flush. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-50252, Possible cache poisoning attack by mapping
+	  source port population per thread. Thanks to Inbal Schussheim and
+	  Amit Klein, Hebrew University, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-52863, Memory corruption could lead to crash and
+	  denial of service. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-54478, DNS Cookie bypass when combined with
+	  proxy-protocol use. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-55708, Privacy/configuration issue when adding local
+	  data in views through 'unbound-control'. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-55717, 'serve-expired-client-timeout' and 'response-ip'
+	  CNAME redirect could lead to a crash. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo
+	  Alto Networks, for the report. In addition, thanks to Xin Wang,
+	  Jiapeng Li, and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University,
+	  for also reporting this issue.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-55973, 'dns-error-reporting: yes' leads to stack buffer
+	  overflow. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-55990, Packet of death for a DNSCrypt misconfigured
+	  Unbound. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-55991, Remote DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ) flow-control
+	  assertion failure in libngtcp2. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report. In addition, thanks to Xuanchao Xie,
+	  Lutong Chen, and Kaiping Xue of the University of Science and
+	  Technology of China (USTC), for also reporting this issue.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-56416, Possible heap buffer overflow when validator
+	  canonicalizes RDATA that contains domain name. Thanks to Qifan
+	  Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix CVE-2026-56444, Degradation of resolution service when
+	  'discard-timeout' and 'serve-expired-client-timeout' are combined in
+	  unusual configuration. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report. In addition, thanks to Xin Wang, Jiapeng Li,
+	  and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University, for also
+	  reporting this issue. In addition, thanks to Haruki Oyama (Waseda
+	  University), for also reporting this issue.
+	- Set the repository to 1.25.3, it continues with the previous
+	  changes.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-42955.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-44687.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-44690.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-46582.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-50045.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-50243.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-50248.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-55717.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-55973.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-56416.
+	- Fix error in log printout in fix for CVE-2026-50248, when the
+	  primary name is bogus.
+	- iana portlist update.
+
+21 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1476 from petrvaganoff: ipsecmod: fix possible deref
+	  on null after reply_find_answer_rrset().
+
+20 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1475 from petrvaganoff: ipsecmod: fix deref on null
+	  in ipsecmod-whitelist after OOM.
+	- Fix #1474: DoQ responses are never padded - pad-responses
+	  does not apply to comm_doq (RFC 9250 §5.4 MUST).
+
+9 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1383 from jdek: Fix randomness generation on
+	  macOS/iOS under chroot.
+	- Fix unit test for malformed svcb for test on Windows.
+
+2 July 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1087: Overload `local_data_remove` to support removing
+	  specific records.
+
+30 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #1469: dohclient: DoH POST missing content-length → :status
+	  400 from strict resolvers (Cloudflare, Mullvad).
+	- iana portlist updated.
+
+26 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1467: daemon: fix DEREF_AFTER_NULL.EX.COND on
+	  worker_init. This fixes error handling if the worker
+	  stat_timer allocation has an out of memory error. That
+	  makes the server not crash later, attempting to use it.
+
+24 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Merge #1465 from dag-erling: Add libunbound/remote.h. Add
+	  a shared header containing prototypes for functions that
+	  both ends of a remote control connection need to implement.
+
+19 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix for #1457: fix thread setname for thread start of
+	  dnstap, and fast_reload.
+	- Fix to update github ci actions/checkout to v7.
+	- Fix warning about file_string_matches in unbound-checkconf.
+
+17 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix that after fast_reload the disown of the auth zone
+	  transfer task cleans the chunk list. Also fix the
+	  auth_transfer_limit test to use a forwarder for each type
+	  of failure, so the one is not blocked by the other waiting.
+	- Fix to remove debug from auth_transfer_limit test.
+	- Fix that unbound-checkconf checks if an auth-zone download
+	  can overwrite another file, by filename collision.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure in auth-zone insert rr does
+	  not create an empty node and does not cause an infinite
+	  loop. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix that unbound-control auth_zone_reload stops the
+	  server answering from the zone after a failure to read.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure in dns64_inform_super does
+	  not set up a half-built reply for cache store, that could
+	  lead to a crash. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure for new_local_rrset for RPZ qname
+	  trigger RR insert does not crash. It does not link a
+	  partial RRset, and logs an error on failure, and cleans
+	  up the dname allocation. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure in doq connection setup, does
+	  not crash in doq connection delete later. Thanks to Qifan
+	  Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure for ngtcp2_conn_server_new
+	  cleans up reference that older ngtcp2 versions can leave.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that on malloc failure during accept of TCP, the
+	  socket is not left to cause a read event loop. It uses
+	  slow-accept to delay accepting new connections, if
+	  that fails it drops the new connections. When the tcp
+	  connection usage is full, it waits for 50msec, to allow
+	  existing queries to be resolved. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure for rpz_strip_nsdname is
+	  checked and handled, so that it does not crash later.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that malloc failure during edns subnet addrtree
+	  insert is checked, so it does not crash later. Thanks to
+	  Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix to check the return value of auth_xfer_create
+	  during fast_reload auth-zone add and change processing.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix to check for malloc failure in rpz response create,
+	  for nodata and nxdomain, so it does not crash later.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that fast_reload does not terminate the server
+	  on malloc failure for dnstap, or if gethostname fails.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix after malloc failure for stats, then it drains the pipe
+	  so the internal messaging stays correct. Also it does
+	  not exit the server if stats pipe communication fails.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that fast_reload does not terminate the server
+	  on config read failure after malloc failure. Thanks to
+	  Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that fast_reload does not terminate the server if
+	  random init for DNS cookies fails. The data is only random
+	  generated if cookies are enabled, and the random data
+	  is necessary. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+
+17 June 2026: Yorgos
+	- Fix memory leak on DNAME 0TTL records.
+
+16 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to disallow $INCLUDE for secondary zones. Start up
+	  of server continues if a secondary zone fails to load.
+	  Failed loads clear the zone data, so there is no partial
+	  zone. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix that when SVCB records cannot be written out, and
+	  are written in unknown format, that the zone read allows
+	  such unknown format SVCB records. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that a half-written trust anchor file does not crash
+	  the server at runtime. It unlinks a wrong file from the list.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that auth-zone, and RPZ zones, do not allow out-of-zone
+	  records. These are records that are not under the zone apex.
+	  The out-of-zone records are dropped from the zone contents.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that dns64 does not ignore the `forward-no-cache` and
+	  `stub-no-cache` options. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that a signed wildcard NSEC, is checked before use,
+	  so it does not allow insecure DS proofs inappropriately.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that after malloc failure a half-built local_alias does
+	  not crash the server. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that for a zonefile only zone, if that file does not
+	  exist on server start, the server continues to start with
+	  a warning log message. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that after malloc failure in RPZ load a half built
+	  list does not crash later. The newly created RRset is
+	  linked after creation has succeeded. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that dnscrypt configuration does not crash, due to
+	  inconsistency between secret and public keys. Also
+	  duplicate files are skipped. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo
+	  Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix locking in libunbound ub_ctx_set_event call.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that libunbound pipe functions fail with error after
+	  an event base is set. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix for neater solution to clear log thread id after
+	  worker init failure. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix incorrect cleanup after an allocation failure for
+	  a delegation point. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that after malloc failure in find_tag_datas, the
+	  local_alias is cleaned up. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo
+	  Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that after shared memory cannot be created, from
+	  `shm-enable`, the server does not crash. Thanks to Qifan
+	  Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix incorrect cleanup after an allocation failure for
+	  a delegation point in a region. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix after malloc failure the rrset_insert_rr in
+	  localzone processing, during RPZ qname trigger processing,
+	  the RRset retains its previous data correcly. Thanks to
+	  Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix for #1462: Fix that auth primary host name lookup
+	  allows CNAMEs.
+
+15 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to add `max-transfer-size` and `max-transfer-time` that
+	  limit auth-zone and rpz transfer amount and time taken.
+	  Default is disabled. This hardens against unbounded
+	  transfers. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix perform a full transfer every number of incremental
+	  transfers, to stop increasing memory usage, for rpz
+	  zones. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix assertion failure for long HTTP header that fills
+	  buffer. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix buffer overflow when configured with lower than
+	  default size and http transfer. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that misconfigured `iter-scrub-ns: 0` causes request
+	  failures. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix that fast_reload when a zonemd verification lookup
+	  it in progress with subnet loaded, deregisters the
+	  callback. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix for fast_reload that removes an auth zone while its
+	  lookups are in progress, for a primary name. Also after the
+	  change, it no longer picks up the old results. Thanks to
+	  Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix integer overflow in infra-cache-max-rtt calculation.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix erroneous DNS error report values after bogus AAAA
+	  query caused error information that was not cleared by
+	  a successful A subquery. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix integer overflow for very high values of
+	  `sock-queue-timeout`. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that fast_reload does not terminate the server for
+	  errors in config, for key files. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix log of an aliased qname, to not use freed region
+	  memory. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix DNAME synthesis from cache that keeps use of 0TTL
+	  entries in a sliding window. It did not surpass RRSIG
+	  expiry. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix misconfigured ipsecmod hook causing path name
+	  similarity with other file. The ipsecmod is changed for
+	  exec of the hook. The ipsecmod hook, if a script, has to
+	  start now with a line like `#!/bin/sh`. Thanks to Qifan
+	  Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that dns64 bypasses rpz-passthru rule during
+	  synthesis. This restricted more than necessary. Thanks to
+	  Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+
+12 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix that for auth-zone and rpz zones the allow-notify
+	  addresses and netblocks are available from start, and
+	  fix the probe step skip.
+
+11 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix for #1306: configure detects specifically the call to
+	  SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled and
+	  SSL_set_quic_early_data_enabled, so the correct one is used.
+	- Fix for #1306: configure checks if the ngtcp2_crypto_ossl
+	  header file is available, and prints an error otherwise.
+	- Fix #1437: Fix compile with OpenSSL 4.0.1.
+	- Fix compile for OpenSSL 1.0.2 and before in server cleanup.
+
+10 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix pythonmod script read for numeric overflow.
+	- Fix warnings with gcc in compat/inet_pton.c.
+
+9 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix unit test for ecs to check for malloc success.
+
+3 June 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix that the processing of class responses does not have
+	  a heap use-after-free. That could happen if at least two
+	  distinct classes are configured for resolution. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks for the report.
+	  In addition, thanks to Xin Wang, Jiapeng Li, and Jiajia
+	  Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University, for also
+	  reporting this.
+	- Fix negative cache to work with NSEC3 records without salt.
+	  Thanks to Xin Wang, Jiapeng Li, and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern
+	  Polytechnical University, for the report.
+	- Fix parse of svcbparam ech, it had incorrect length. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks for the report.
+	- Fix that quotation and escaping works the same in auth-zone
+	  url content, as in the zonefile read. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks for the report.
+	- Fix ipset module to use larger domain name buffers, and
+	  check buffer lengths. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks for the report.
+	- Fix PROXYv2 header read and consume, it checks the header
+	  size. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix negative cache NSEC3 nodata proof, to use the correct
+	  message size. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix fast_reload for when a ZONEMD lookup is in progress.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that validation canonicalization of domain names
+	  in rdata checks for buffer bounds. Thanks to Qifan Zhang,
+	  Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that dump_cache has a larger buffer for records,
+	  and it checks that an owner name does not collide with BADRR
+	  on the input, and changes verbosity on the log of failure in
+	  rrset to string.  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix that dns64 cleans up the allocated message if the adjust
+	  routines fail, and checks if there is a reply before cache
+	  store, also unbound checks if A and AAAA are malformed
+	  for auth-zones. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+
+3 June 2026: Yorgos
+	- Fix const as reported by newest compiler warnings.
+
+29 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix header_seen detection for trust anchor files, so that it
+	  detects the id line.
+	- iana portlist updated.
+	- Update icannbundle.pem certificates in unbound-anchor. It
+	  has the public keys for 2009 to 2029 and for 2025 to 2045.
+	- Fix unit test to check for new icannbundle.pem.
+
+28 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix #1457: race condition causes segfault when starting
+	  threads.
+
+27 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix for autotrust state-file line overflow, that can give
+	  hold-down bypass. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix to limit the DSNS per-label walk in the iterator. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that the ratelimit is decremented on successful
+	  referrals. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix that msgencode insert_query has the correct assertion,
+	  for a local_alias. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix to reset the tcp-timeout before applying a load based
+	  reduction. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the
+	  report.
+	- Fix to decrement the per-netblock tcp connection limits, so
+	  it keeps usable. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix manual to document ratelimit, that it is for target
+	  nameservers for a domain, and keeps queries limited. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix, in depth, for respip rewrite of dns64 responses. Thanks
+	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that dns64 with subnetcache does not write ECS scoped
+	  answers to global cache. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix ipset module for name too long checks, race conditions
+	  on local name buffer, and for socket close race condition.
+	  Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix that validator caps number of ANY RRsets it can
+	  validate, and the wait timer is shortened. Thanks to Qifan
+	  Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Fix analyzer warning in mesh_new_client.
+
+26 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix for mesh new client and mesh new callback to rollback the
+	  added address, tcp mesh state and callback when there is a failure
+	  to initialize. This fixes the mesh accounting of reply addresses.
+	  Thanks to Xin Wang, Jiapeng Li, and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern
+	  Polytechnical University, for the report
+
 20 May 2026: Wouter
 	- Fix CVE-2026-33278, Possible remote code execution during DNSSEC
 	  validation. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
@@ -27,6 +717,79 @@
 	  Networks, for the report.
 	- Fix CVE-2026-44608, Use after free and crash in RPZ code. Thanks
 	  to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks, for the report.
+	- Tag for 1.25.1 release, it contains the security fixes on 1.25.0.
+	  the code repository continues with in addition the previous fixes,
+	  for 1.25.2.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-33278.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-42944.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-42959.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-40622.
+	- Unit test for CVE-2026-42960.
+	- Fix in depth for serve-expired responses from cachedb, that it
+	  does not store bogus. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix lame server detection, for selfpointed glue records.
+	  Thanks to Shuhan Zhang, Dan Li, and Baojun Liu from Tsinghua
+	  University for the report.
+	- Fix cleaning up DoH session. The same query can be on multiple
+	  streams in a session. Thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto Networks,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix for signed same-owner CNAME and ordinary RRset responses.
+	  Thanks to Xin Wang and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical
+	  University, for the report.
+
+18 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix for mixed class referrals, the resolver uses the query
+	  class. Thanks to Xin Wang and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern
+	  Polytechnical University, for the report.
+
+15 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix man page entry for so-sndbuf, it is for responses sent out.
+	- Fix val_find_DS for robustness, to check the result of
+	  packet_rrset_copy_region before using it. Thanks to Xin Wang
+	  and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix that for dns64 answers, the AAAA query is checked to be
+	  DNSSEC validated, when DNSSEC is enabled. This improves
+	  the RFC6147 conformance of Unbound. Thanks to Xin Wang
+	  and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University, for
+	  the report. In addition, thanks to Qifan Zhang, Palo Alto
+	  Networks, for reporting it.
+	- Fix for allocation-failure hardening of rrset cache wildcard
+	  storage and canonical NSEC owner replacement. Thanks to Xin
+	  Wang and Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University,
+	  for the report.
+	- Fix DNSSEC validation with libnettle for noncanonical RSA
+	  DNSKEYs with leading zeroes for n. Thanks to Xin Wang and
+	  Jiajia Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University, for
+	  the report.
+	- Fix DNSKEY size calculation for noncanonical RSA DNSKEYs
+	  with leading zeroes for n. Thanks to Xin Wang and Jiajia Liu,
+	  Northwestern Polytechnical University, for the report.
+
+11 May 2026: Yorgos
+	- Fix comment and verbose logging for EDNS fallback buffer size.
+
+8 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix to relax assertions after the TTL 0 handling change.
+	  This relaxes an assertion in cachedb (it fails instead),
+	  and for packet_rrset_copy_region.
+
+7 May 2026: Wouter
+	- Fix for Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via size_t-to-int Truncation
+	  in setup_if() - outside_network_create(). This fixes that
+	  large values for num_ports do not overflow and create
+	  invalid references after integer truncation. Thanks
+	  to Karnakar Reddy (@karnakarreddi) for the report.
+	- Fix to clean up log ids after a failure to start a worker thread.
+
+1 May 2026: Wouter
+	- iana portlist updated.
+
+29 April 2026: Wouter
+	- tag for 1.25.0. The code repository continues with 1.25.1 in
+	  development.
+	- Fix windows 64bit build for libssp dependency.

 23 April 2026: Wouter
 	- Merge #1441: Fix buffer overrun in
@@ -203,6 +203,12 @@ server:
 	# protects against poison attempts.
 	# iter-scrub-promiscuous: yes

+	# Limit on number of DNSSEC validation attempts for a query.
+	# val-validation-attempts: 32
+
+	# Limit on number of DNSSEC hash attempts for a query.
+	# val-hash-attempts: 32
+
 	# msec for waiting for an unknown server to reply.  Increase if you
 	# are behind a slow satellite link, to eg. 1128.
 	# unknown-server-time-limit: 376
@@ -582,6 +588,9 @@ server:
 	# additional section.
 	# harden-unknown-additional: no

+	# Harden CNAME redirections by following them.
+	# harden-cname-follow: yes
+
 	# Sent minimum amount of information to upstream servers to enhance
 	# privacy. Only sent minimum required labels of the QNAME and set QTYPE
 	# to A when possible.
@@ -728,7 +737,7 @@ server:
 	# non-secure data. Useful to shield the users of this validator from
 	# potential bogus data in the additional section. All unsigned data
 	# in the additional section is removed from secure messages.
-	# val-clean-additional: yes
+	# val-clean-additional: no

 	# Turn permissive mode on to permit bogus messages. Thus, messages
 	# for which security checks failed will be returned to clients,
@@ -899,6 +908,10 @@ server:
 	#   that name
 	# o block_a resolves all records normally but returns
 	#   NODATA for A queries and ignores local data for that name
+	# o block_aaaa similarly to block_a, resolves all records normally but
+	#   returns NODATA for AAAA queries and ignores local data for that name
+	# o block_a_wdata like block_a but uses local data if present.
+	# o block_aaaa_wdata like block_aaaa but uses local data if present.
 	# o always_null returns 0.0.0.0 or ::0 for any name in the zone.
 	# o noview breaks out of that view towards global local-zones.
 	#
@@ -1158,6 +1171,8 @@ server:
 	# Timeout in milliseconds for TCP queries to auth servers.
 	# tcp-auth-query-timeout: 3000

+	# Number of threads to use to load auth-zones (and RPZ). 0 disables.
+	# auth-task-threads: 0

 # Python config section. To enable:
 # o use --with-pythonmodule to configure before compiling.
@@ -1266,6 +1281,7 @@ remote-control:
 #	primary: 199.7.91.13          # d.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 192.5.5.241          # f.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 192.112.36.4         # g.root-servers.net
+#	primary: 198.97.190.53        # h.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 193.0.14.129         # k.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 192.0.47.132         # xfr.cjr.dns.icann.org
 #	primary: 192.0.32.132         # xfr.lax.dns.icann.org
@@ -1274,6 +1290,7 @@ remote-control:
 #	primary: 2001:500:2d::d       # d.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 2001:500:2f::f       # f.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 2001:500:12::d0d     # g.root-servers.net
+#	primary: 2001:500:1::53       # h.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 2001:7fd::1          # k.root-servers.net
 #	primary: 2620:0:2830:202::132 # xfr.cjr.dns.icann.org
 #	primary: 2620:0:2d0:202::132  # xfr.lax.dns.icann.org
@@ -1287,6 +1304,9 @@ remote-control:
 #	zonemd-check: no
 #	zonemd-reject-absence: no
 #	zonefile: "example.org.zone"
+#	max-transfer-size: 0
+#	max-transfer-time: 0
+

 # Views
 # Create named views. Name must be unique.
@@ -1453,3 +1473,5 @@ remote-control:
 #     rpz-signal-nxdomain-ra: no
 #     for-downstream: no
 #     tags: "example"
+#     max-transfer-size: 0
+#     max-transfer-time: 0
@@ -331,6 +331,8 @@ void my_callback_function(void* my_arg, int err,
 The \fBasync_id\fP is returned so you can (at your option) decide to
 track it and cancel the request if needed.
 If you pass a NULL pointer the \fBasync_id\fP is not returned.
+The context, created via \fBub_ctx_create\fP, is in use during but also
+after the callback and it cannot be deleted during a callback.
 .TP
 .B ub_cancel
 Cancel an async query in progress.
@@ -408,6 +408,8 @@ Functions
        The **async_id** is returned so you can (at your option) decide to
        track it and cancel the request if needed.
        If you pass a NULL pointer the **async_id** is not returned.
+        The context, created via **ub_ctx_create**, is in use during but also
+        after the callback and it cannot be deleted during a callback.

    ub_cancel
        Cancel an async query in progress.
@@ -354,6 +354,8 @@ If the name already has no items, nothing happens.
 Often results in NXDOMAIN for the name (in a static zone), but if the name
 has become an empty nonterminal (there is still data in domain names below
 the removed name), NOERROR nodata answers are the result for that name.
+With a specific RR instead of a domain name, that specific record is
+removed from the local data, and not all the RR data.
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
 .TP
@@ -347,6 +347,8 @@ There are several commands that the server understands.
    Often results in NXDOMAIN for the name (in a static zone), but if the name
    has become an empty nonterminal (there is still data in domain names below
    the removed name), NOERROR nodata answers are the result for that name.
+    With a specific RR instead of a domain name, that specific record is
+    removed from the local data, and not all the RR data.


@@UAHL@unbound-control.commands@local_zones@@
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ Default: 0 (use system value)
 .TP
 .B so\-sndbuf: \fI<number>\fP 
 If not 0, then set the SO_SNDBUF socket option to get more buffer space on
-UDP port 53 outgoing queries.
+UDP port 53 outgoing responses.
 This for very busy servers handles spikes in answer traffic, otherwise:
 .INDENT 7.0
 .INDENT 3.5
@@ -2070,7 +2070,8 @@ Default:  \(dq3 2 1 0 0\(dq
 .INDENT 0.0
 .TP
 .B harden\-short\-bufsize: \fI<yes or no>\fP 
-Very small EDNS buffer sizes from queries are ignored.
+Very small EDNS buffer sizes from queries are ignored and are instead
+set to the normal UDP packet size (512 bytes).
 .sp
 Default: yes (per \fI\%RFC 6891\fP)
 .UNINDENT
@@ -2078,6 +2079,7 @@ Default: yes (per \fI\%RFC 6891\fP)
 .TP
 .B harden\-large\-queries: \fI<yes or no>\fP 
 Very large queries are ignored.
+The cutoff value is chosen to be the normal UDP packet size (512 bytes).
 Default is no, since it is legal protocol wise to send these, and could be
 necessary for operation if TSIG or EDNS payload is very large.
 .sp
@@ -2201,6 +2203,18 @@ Default: no
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
 .TP
+.B harden\-cname\-follow: \fI<yes or no>\fP 
+Harden CNAME redirections by following them.
+If no, then upstream CNAME and DNAME redirections are allowed in a
+response without checking with further messages if those are valid.
+It can only really be disabled safely on localhost net or encrypted
+connectivity.
+Default is on to protect the cache integrity.
+.sp
+Default: yes
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
 .B use\-caps\-for\-id: \fI<yes or no>\fP 
 Use 0x20\-encoded random bits in the query to foil spoof attempts.
 This perturbs the lowercase and uppercase of query names sent to authority
@@ -2312,6 +2326,13 @@ The defensive action is to clear the rrset and message caches, hopefully
 flushing away any poison.
 A value of 10 million is suggested.
 .sp
+It is useful to add 0.0.0.0/8 and \(aq::\(aq to the
+\fI\%do\-not\-query\-address\fP list.
+Otherwise they may be answered, from localhost, and the different source
+makes an unwanted reply that unnecessarily ticks up.
+The \fI\%do\-not\-query\-localhost\fP
+option includes them, the zero subnets, when it is enabled.
+.sp
 Default: 0 (disabled)
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
@@ -2329,7 +2350,10 @@ Default: (none)
 .B do\-not\-query\-localhost: \fI<yes or no>\fP 
 If yes, localhost is added to the
 \fI\%do\-not\-query\-address\fP entries,
-both IPv6 \fB::1\fP and IPv4 \fB127.0.0.1/8\fP\&.
+both IPv4 \fB127.0.0.1/8\fP (also \fB::ffff:127.0.0.0/104\fP) and IPv6 \fB::1\fP\&.
+Additionally, the zero subnets \fB0.0.0.0/8\fP (also \fB::ffff:0:0/96\fP) and
+\fB::\fP are added to the list since on some systems they route to
+localhost as well.
 If no, then localhost can be used to send queries to.
 .sp
 Default: yes
@@ -2362,6 +2386,8 @@ If yes, deny queries of type ANY with an empty response.
 If disabled, Unbound responds with a short list of resource records if some
 can be found in the cache and makes the upstream type ANY query if there
 are none.
+The option stops the DNSSEC validation from processing, possibly lengthy,
+ANY responses, when the option is enabled.
 .sp
 Default: no
 .UNINDENT
@@ -2495,6 +2521,9 @@ Format is BIND\-9 style format, the \fBtrusted\-keys { name flag proto algo
 It is possible to use wildcards with this statement, the wildcard is
 expanded on start and on reload.
 .sp
+A wildcard that matches no files is not an error: the entry loads no
+trust anchors, and the condition is logged at operational verbosity.
+.sp
 Default: \(dq\(dq (no trusted keys file)
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
@@ -2604,7 +2633,7 @@ affected.
 Use this setting to protect the users that rely on this validator for
 authentication from potentially bad data in the additional section.
 .sp
-Default: yes
+Default: no
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
 .TP
@@ -2910,6 +2939,9 @@ The types are
 \fI\%inform_redirect\fP,
 \fI\%always_transparent\fP,
 \fI\%block_a\fP,
+\fI\%block_aaaa\fP,
+\fI\%block_a_wdata\fP,
+\fI\%block_aaaa_wdata\fP,
 \fI\%always_refuse\fP,
 \fI\%always_nxdomain\fP,
 \fI\%always_null\fP,
@@ -3100,6 +3132,32 @@ use IPv6 protocol and avoid any queries to IPv4.
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 7.0
 .TP
+.B block_aaaa 
+Like \fI\%transparent\fP or
+\fI\%block_a\fP, but
+ignores local data and resolves normally all query types excluding AAAA.
+For AAAA queries it unconditionally returns NODATA.
+Useful in cases when there is a need to explicitly force all apps to
+use IPv4 protocol and avoid any queries to IPv6.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 7.0
+.TP
+.B block_a_wdata 
+Like \fI\%block_a\fP, but
+uses local data if present.
+If there is local data that is returned, and it acts like transparent.
+For A queries it returns NODATA.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 7.0
+.TP
+.B block_aaaa_wdata 
+Like \fI\%block_aaaa\fP, but
+uses local data if present.
+If there is local data that is returned, and it acts like transparent.
+For AAAA queries it returns NODATA.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 7.0
+.TP
 .B always_refuse 
 Like \fI\%refuse\fP, but ignores
 local data and refuses the query.
@@ -3567,6 +3625,18 @@ For example, 1000 may be a suitable value to stop the server from being
 overloaded with random names, and keeps unbound from sending traffic to the
 nameservers for those zones.
 .sp
+It is intended to count the number of queries towards the nameservers
+for the zone, and keep those queries limited.
+When there is a delegation that needs a lot of lookups, those are
+charged in the counters for the destination, the target name, of
+the NS records.
+Since that is where the nameserver lookup queries are sent to.
+That keeps the target, the victim domain, from having many queries.
+With the \fI\%ratelimit\-factor\fP, some
+genuine queries that are also made to the target zone, can filter
+through, and then end up in cache, where the genuine answers have
+a chance to collect, keeping up service to some extent.
+.sp
 \fBNOTE:\fP
 .INDENT 7.0
 .INDENT 3.5
@@ -3829,6 +3899,28 @@ Default: yes
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
 .TP
+.B val\-validation\-attempts: \fI<number>\fP 
+Limit on the number of DNSSEC validation attempts for a query.
+This protects against too large numbers of cryptographic operations,
+like for a deep delegation chain.
+This counts attempts to validate RRSIGs.
+When it is exceeded, the query fails.
+.sp
+Default: 32
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B val\-hash\-attempts: \fI<number>\fP 
+Limit on the number of DNSSEC hash attempts for a query.
+This protects against too large numbers of cryptographic operations,
+like for a deep delegation chain.
+This counts DS hash attempts to match DNSKEYs.
+When it is exceeded, the query fails.
+.sp
+Default: 32
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
 .B fast\-server\-permil: \fI<number>\fP 
 Specify how many times out of 1000 to pick from the set of fastest servers.
 0 turns the feature off.
@@ -4594,6 +4686,32 @@ If not given then no zonefile is used.
 If the file does not exist or is empty, Unbound will attempt to fetch zone
 data (eg. from the primary servers).
 .UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B max\-transfer\-size: \fI<number>\fP 
+Number of bytes size of the maximum zone transfer size.
+Larger transfers, over AXFR, IXFR and HTTP, are not allowed.
+A plain number is in bytes, append \(aqk\(aq, \(aqm\(aq or \(aqg\(aq for kilobytes, megabytes
+or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
+The value \fB0\fP disables the feature.
+.sp
+Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+and bring down the resolver.
+.sp
+Default: 0
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B max\-transfer\-time: \fI<msec>\fP 
+Maximum time in milliseconds that a zone transfer is allowed to take from
+the start.
+The value \fB0\fP disables the feature.
+.sp
+Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+and bring down the resolver.
+.sp
+Default: 0
+.UNINDENT
 .SH VIEW OPTIONS
 .sp
 These options are part of the \fBview:\fP section.
@@ -5806,6 +5924,10 @@ from a webserver that would work.
 If you specify the hostname, you cannot use the domain from the zonefile,
 because it may not have that when retrieving that data, instead use a plain
 IP address to avoid a circular dependency on retrieving that IP address.
+.sp
+Every number of IXFR transfers, a full AXFR is performed.
+This is to consolidate the rpz memory, that would otherwise grow.
+The fixed value is after 5 IXFR transfers.
 .UNINDENT
 .INDENT 0.0
 .TP
@@ -5928,6 +6050,32 @@ Enclose list of tags in quotes (\fB\(dq\(dq\fP) and put spaces between tags.
 If no tags are specified the policies from this section will be applied for
 all clients.
 .UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B max\-transfer\-size: \fI<number>\fP 
+Number of bytes size of the maximum zone transfer size.
+Larger transfers, over AXFR, IXFR and HTTP, are not allowed.
+A plain number is in bytes, append \(aqk\(aq, \(aqm\(aq or \(aqg\(aq for kilobytes, megabytes
+or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
+The value \fB0\fP disables the feature.
+.sp
+Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+and bring down the resolver.
+.sp
+Default: 0
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B max\-transfer\-time: \fI<msec>\fP 
+Maximum time in milliseconds that a zone transfer is allowed to take from
+the start.
+The value \fB0\fP disables the feature.
+.sp
+Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+and bring down the resolver.
+.sp
+Default: 0
+.UNINDENT
 .SH MEMORY CONTROL EXAMPLE
 .sp
 In the example config settings below memory usage is reduced.
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.

@@UAHL@unbound.conf@so-sndbuf@@: *<number>*
    If not 0, then set the SO_SNDBUF socket option to get more buffer space on
-    UDP port 53 outgoing queries.
+    UDP port 53 outgoing responses.
    This for very busy servers handles spikes in answer traffic, otherwise:

    .. code-block:: text
@@ -1838,13 +1838,15 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.


@@UAHL@unbound.conf@harden-short-bufsize@@: *<yes or no>*
-    Very small EDNS buffer sizes from queries are ignored.
+    Very small EDNS buffer sizes from queries are ignored and are instead
+    set to the normal UDP packet size (512 bytes).

    Default: yes (per :rfc:`6891`)


@@UAHL@unbound.conf@harden-large-queries@@: *<yes or no>*
    Very large queries are ignored.
+    The cutoff value is chosen to be the normal UDP packet size (512 bytes).
    Default is no, since it is legal protocol wise to send these, and could be
    necessary for operation if TSIG or EDNS payload is very large.

@@ -1952,6 +1954,17 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    Default: no


+@@UAHL@unbound.conf@harden-cname-follow@@: *<yes or no>*
+    Harden CNAME redirections by following them.
+    If no, then upstream CNAME and DNAME redirections are allowed in a
+    response without checking with further messages if those are valid.
+    It can only really be disabled safely on localhost net or encrypted
+    connectivity.
+    Default is on to protect the cache integrity.
+
+    Default: yes
+
+
@@UAHL@unbound.conf@use-caps-for-id@@: *<yes or no>*
    Use 0x20-encoded random bits in the query to foil spoof attempts.
    This perturbs the lowercase and uppercase of query names sent to authority
@@ -2077,7 +2090,10 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
@@UAHL@unbound.conf@do-not-query-localhost@@: *<yes or no>*
    If yes, localhost is added to the
    :ref:`do-not-query-address<unbound.conf.do-not-query-address>` entries,
-    both IPv6 ``::1`` and IPv4 ``127.0.0.1/8``.
+    both IPv4 ``127.0.0.1/8`` (also ``::ffff:127.0.0.0/104``) and IPv6 ``::1``.
+    Additionally, the zero subnets ``0.0.0.0/8`` (also ``::ffff:0:0/96``) and
+    ``::`` are added to the list since on some systems they route to
+    localhost as well.
    If no, then localhost can be used to send queries to.

    Default: yes
@@ -2107,6 +2123,8 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    If disabled, Unbound responds with a short list of resource records if some
    can be found in the cache and makes the upstream type ANY query if there
    are none.
+    The option stops the DNSSEC validation from processing, possibly lengthy,
+    ANY responses, when the option is enabled.

    Default: no

@@ -2224,6 +2242,9 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    It is possible to use wildcards with this statement, the wildcard is
    expanded on start and on reload.

+    A wildcard that matches no files is not an error: the entry loads no
+    trust anchors, and the condition is logged at operational verbosity.
+
    Default: "" (no trusted keys file)


@@ -2318,7 +2339,7 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    Use this setting to protect the users that rely on this validator for
    authentication from potentially bad data in the additional section.

-    Default: yes
+    Default: no


@@UAHL@unbound.conf@val-log-level@@: *<number>*
@@ -2590,6 +2611,9 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    :ref:`inform_redirect<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.inform_redirect>`,
    :ref:`always_transparent<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.always_transparent>`,
    :ref:`block_a<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_a>`,
+    :ref:`block_aaaa<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_aaaa>`,
+    :ref:`block_a_wdata<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_a_wdata>`,
+    :ref:`block_aaaa_wdata<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_aaaa_wdata>`,
    :ref:`always_refuse<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.always_refuse>`,
    :ref:`always_nxdomain<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.always_nxdomain>`,
    :ref:`always_null<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.always_null>`,
@@ -2739,6 +2763,26 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
        Useful in cases when there is a need to explicitly force all apps to
        use IPv6 protocol and avoid any queries to IPv4.

+    @@UAHL@unbound.conf.local-zone.type@block_aaaa@@
+        Like :ref:`transparent<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.transparent>` or
+        :ref:`block_a<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_a>`, but
+        ignores local data and resolves normally all query types excluding AAAA.
+        For AAAA queries it unconditionally returns NODATA.
+        Useful in cases when there is a need to explicitly force all apps to
+        use IPv4 protocol and avoid any queries to IPv6.
+
+    @@UAHL@unbound.conf.local-zone.type@block_a_wdata@@
+        Like :ref:`block_a<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_a>`, but
+        uses local data if present.
+        If there is local data that is returned, and it acts like transparent.
+        For A queries it returns NODATA.
+
+    @@UAHL@unbound.conf.local-zone.type@block_aaaa_wdata@@
+        Like :ref:`block_aaaa<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.block_aaaa>`, but
+        uses local data if present.
+        If there is local data that is returned, and it acts like transparent.
+        For AAAA queries it returns NODATA.
+
    @@UAHL@unbound.conf.local-zone.type@always_refuse@@
        Like :ref:`refuse<unbound.conf.local-zone.type.refuse>`, but ignores
        local data and refuses the query.
@@ -3085,6 +3129,18 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    overloaded with random names, and keeps unbound from sending traffic to the
    nameservers for those zones.

+    It is intended to count the number of queries towards the nameservers
+    for the zone, and keep those queries limited.
+    When there is a delegation that needs a lot of lookups, those are
+    charged in the counters for the destination, the target name, of
+    the NS records.
+    Since that is where the nameserver lookup queries are sent to.
+    That keeps the target, the victim domain, from having many queries.
+    With the :ref:`ratelimit-factor<unbound.conf.ratelimit-factor>`, some
+    genuine queries that are also made to the target zone, can filter
+    through, and then end up in cache, where the genuine answers have
+    a chance to collect, keeping up service to some extent.
+
    .. note:: Configured forwarders are excluded from ratelimiting.

    Default: 0
@@ -3321,6 +3377,26 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.
    Default: yes


+@@UAHL@unbound.conf@val-validation-attempts@@: *<number>*
+    Limit on the number of DNSSEC validation attempts for a query.
+    This protects against too large numbers of cryptographic operations,
+    like for a deep delegation chain.
+    This counts attempts to validate RRSIGs.
+    When it is exceeded, the query fails.
+
+    Default: 32
+
+
+@@UAHL@unbound.conf@val-hash-attempts@@: *<number>*
+    Limit on the number of DNSSEC hash attempts for a query.
+    This protects against too large numbers of cryptographic operations,
+    like for a deep delegation chain.
+    This counts DS hash attempts to match DNSKEYs.
+    When it is exceeded, the query fails.
+
+    Default: 32
+
+
@@UAHL@unbound.conf@fast-server-permil@@: *<number>*
    Specify how many times out of 1000 to pick from the set of fastest servers.
    0 turns the feature off.
@@ -3444,6 +3520,24 @@ These options are part of the ``server:`` section.

    Default: no

+
+@@UAHL@unbound.conf@auth-task-threads@@: *<number of threads>*
+    If nonzero, the number of threads to start to process zone transfers
+    for authority zones, and also RPZ zones.
+    The zone transfer is processed in a thread, that does not interrupt
+    the resolver.
+    For RPZ zones that means the old RPZ zone continues to be used, while
+    the task is processed.
+    The thread allocates the new zone data, and this keeps another copy of
+    the zone data in memory during processing.
+    The result is swapped into the resolver when the thread is done.
+
+    The value 0 disables the threading, one of the worker threads performs
+    the processing. Without threading enabled, use the value 0.
+
+    Default: 0
+
+
 .. _unbound.conf.remote:

 Remote Control Options
@@ -4018,6 +4112,31 @@ fallback activates to fetch from the upstream instead of the SERVFAIL.
    If the file does not exist or is empty, Unbound will attempt to fetch zone
    data (eg. from the primary servers).

+
+@@UAHL@unbound.conf.auth@max-transfer-size@@: *<number>*
+    Number of bytes size of the maximum zone transfer size.
+    Larger transfers, over AXFR, IXFR and HTTP, are not allowed.
+    A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes, megabytes
+    or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
+    The value ``0`` disables the feature.
+
+    Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+    and bring down the resolver.
+
+    Default: 0
+
+
+@@UAHL@unbound.conf.auth@max-transfer-time@@: *<msec>*
+    Maximum time in milliseconds that a zone transfer is allowed to take from
+    the start.
+    The value ``0`` disables the feature.
+
+    Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+    and bring down the resolver.
+
+    Default: 0
+
+
 .. _unbound.conf.view:

 View Options
@@ -5098,6 +5217,10 @@ answer queries with that content.
    because it may not have that when retrieving that data, instead use a plain
    IP address to avoid a circular dependency on retrieving that IP address.

+    Every number of IXFR transfers, a full AXFR is performed.
+    This is to consolidate the rpz memory, that would otherwise grow.
+    The fixed value is after 5 IXFR transfers.
+

@@UAHL@unbound.conf.rpz@master@@: *<IP address or host name>*
    Alternate syntax for :ref:`primary<unbound.conf.rpz.primary>`.
@@ -5198,6 +5321,31 @@ answer queries with that content.
    If no tags are specified the policies from this section will be applied for
    all clients.

+
+@@UAHL@unbound.conf.rpz@max-transfer-size@@: *<number>*
+    Number of bytes size of the maximum zone transfer size.
+    Larger transfers, over AXFR, IXFR and HTTP, are not allowed.
+    A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes, megabytes
+    or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
+    The value ``0`` disables the feature.
+
+    Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+    and bring down the resolver.
+
+    Default: 0
+
+
+@@UAHL@unbound.conf.rpz@max-transfer-time@@: *<msec>*
+    Maximum time in milliseconds that a zone transfer is allowed to take from
+    the start.
+    The value ``0`` disables the feature.
+
+    Only consider for untrusted/misbehaving primaries that could hog resources
+    and bring down the resolver.
+
+    Default: 0
+
+
 Memory Control Example
 ----------------------

@@ -459,6 +459,7 @@ addrtree_insert(struct addrtree *tree, const addrkey_t *addr,
 			/* Data is stored in other leafnode */
 			node = newnode;
 			newnode = node_create(tree, elem, scope, ttl);
+			if (!newnode) return;
 			if (!edge_create(newnode, addr, sourcemask, node,
 				index^1)) {
 				clean_node(tree, newnode);
@@ -1015,6 +1015,7 @@ subnetmod_operate(struct module_qstate *qstate, enum module_ev event,
 			subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&sq->ecs_client_out,
 				&qstate->edns_opts_front_out, qstate,
 				qstate->region);
+			qstate->is_subnet_answer = 1;
 		}
 		sq->wait_subquery_done = 0;
 		qstate->ext_state[id] = module_finished;
@@ -1094,6 +1095,7 @@ subnetmod_operate(struct module_qstate *qstate, enum module_ev event,
 				qstate->env->cfg->prefetch)) {
 				sne->num_msg_cache++;
 				lock_rw_unlock(&sne->biglock);
+				qstate->is_subnet_answer = 1;
 				verbose(VERB_QUERY, "subnetcache: answered from cache");
 				qstate->ext_state[id] = module_finished;

@@ -1165,6 +1167,8 @@ subnetmod_operate(struct module_qstate *qstate, enum module_ev event,
 			subnet_ecs_opt_list_append(&sq->ecs_client_out,
 				&qstate->edns_opts_front_out, qstate,
 				qstate->region);
+			if(sq->subnet_sent || sq->subnet_sent_no_subnet)
+				qstate->is_subnet_answer = 1;
 			if(verbosity >= VERB_ALGO) {
 				subnet_log_print("reply has edns subnet",
 					edns_opt_list_find(
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ ipsecmod_whitelist_apply_cfg(struct ipsecmod_env* ie,
 	struct config_file* cfg)
 {
 	ie->whitelist = rbtree_create(name_tree_compare);
+	if (!ie->whitelist)
+		return 0;
 	if(!read_whitelist(ie->whitelist, cfg))
 		return 0;
 	name_tree_init_parents(ie->whitelist);
@@ -51,18 +51,28 @@
 #include "util/config_file.h"
 #include "services/cache/dns.h"
 #include "sldns/wire2str.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#endif

 /** Apply configuration to ipsecmod module 'global' state. */
 static int
 ipsecmod_apply_cfg(struct ipsecmod_env* ipsecmod_env, struct config_file* cfg)
 {
+	if(cfg->ipsecmod_whitelist &&
+		!ipsecmod_whitelist_apply_cfg(ipsecmod_env, cfg))
+		return 0;
+	if(!cfg->ipsecmod_enabled)
+		return 1;
 	if(!cfg->ipsecmod_hook || (cfg->ipsecmod_hook && !cfg->ipsecmod_hook[0])) {
 		log_err("ipsecmod: missing ipsecmod-hook.");
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if(cfg->ipsecmod_whitelist &&
-		!ipsecmod_whitelist_apply_cfg(ipsecmod_env, cfg))
+	if(access(cfg->ipsecmod_hook, X_OK) != 0) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: ipsecmod-hook '%s' is not an executable file: %s",
+			cfg->ipsecmod_hook, strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
+	}
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -250,27 +260,16 @@ call_hook(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct ipsecmod_qstate* iq,
 	struct ipsecmod_env* ATTR_UNUSED(ie))
 {
 	size_t slen, tempdata_len, tempstring_len, i;
-	char str[65535], *s, *tempstring;
+	char qname_s[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN*5+16], ttl_s[32], a_s[32768], k_s[32768];
+	char *s, *tempstring;
 	int w = 0, w_temp, qtype;
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset_key;
 	struct packed_rrset_data* rrset_data;
 	uint8_t *tempdata;
+	pid_t pid;
+	int st;
+	char* argv[6];

-	/* Check if a shell is available */
-	if(system(NULL) == 0) {
-		log_err("ipsecmod: no shell available for ipsecmod-hook");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* Zero the buffer. */
-	s = str;
-	slen = sizeof(str);
-	memset(s, 0, slen);
-
-	/* Copy the hook into the buffer. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "%s", qstate->env->cfg->ipsecmod_hook);
-	/* Put space into the buffer. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, " ");
 	/* Copy the qname into the buffer. */
 	tempstring = sldns_wire2str_dname(qstate->qinfo.qname,
 		qstate->qinfo.qname_len);
@@ -283,17 +282,24 @@ call_hook(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct ipsecmod_qstate* iq,
 		free(tempstring);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "\"%s\"", tempstring);
+	if(strlen(tempstring)+1 > sizeof(qname_s)) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: string too long");
+		free(tempstring);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	snprintf(qname_s, sizeof(qname_s), "%s", tempstring);
 	free(tempstring);
-	/* Put space into the buffer. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, " ");
+
 	/* Copy the IPSECKEY TTL into the buffer. */
 	rrset_data = (struct packed_rrset_data*)iq->ipseckey_rrset->entry.data;
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "\"%ld\"", (long)rrset_data->ttl);
-	/* Put space into the buffer. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, " ");
+	snprintf(ttl_s, sizeof(ttl_s), "%ld", (long)rrset_data->ttl);
+
 	rrset_key = reply_find_answer_rrset(&qstate->return_msg->qinfo,
 		qstate->return_msg->rep);
+	if(!rrset_key) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: could not find answer rrset for A/AAAA");
+		return 0;
+	}
 	/* Double check that the records are indeed A/AAAA.
 	 * This should never happen as this function is only executed for A/AAAA
 	 * queries but make sure we don't pass anything other than A/AAAA to the
@@ -304,9 +310,15 @@ call_hook(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct ipsecmod_qstate* iq,
 		return 0;
 	}
 	rrset_data = (struct packed_rrset_data*)rrset_key->entry.data;
-	/* Copy the A/AAAA record(s) into the buffer. Start and end this section
-	 * with a double quote. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "\"");
+	if(!rrset_data) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: Answer has no data");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* Copy the A/AAAA record(s) into the buffer. */
+	w = 0;
+	s = a_s;
+	slen = sizeof(a_s);
+	memset(s, 0, slen);
 	for(i=0; i<rrset_data->count; i++) {
 		if(i > 0) {
 			/* Put space into the buffer. */
@@ -322,7 +334,7 @@ call_hook(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct ipsecmod_qstate* iq,
 		} else if((size_t)w_temp >= slen) {
 			s = NULL; /* We do not want str to point outside of buffer. */
 			slen = 0;
-			log_err("ipsecmod: shell command too long");
+			log_err("ipsecmod: command addr argument too long");
 			return 0;
 		} else {
 			s += w_temp;
@@ -330,12 +342,17 @@ call_hook(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct ipsecmod_qstate* iq,
 			w += w_temp;
 		}
 	}
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "\"");
-	/* Put space into the buffer. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, " ");
+	if(w >= (int)sizeof(a_s)) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: command addr argument too long");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/* Copy the IPSECKEY record(s) into the buffer. Start and end this section
 	 * with a double quote. */
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "\"");
+	w = 0;
+	s = k_s;
+	slen = sizeof(k_s);
+	memset(s, 0, slen);
 	rrset_data = (struct packed_rrset_data*)iq->ipseckey_rrset->entry.data;
 	for(i=0; i<rrset_data->count; i++) {
 		if(i > 0) {
@@ -362,15 +379,44 @@ call_hook(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct ipsecmod_qstate* iq,
 			w += w_temp;
 		}
 	}
-	w += sldns_str_print(&s, &slen, "\"");
-	if(w >= (int)sizeof(str)) {
-		log_err("ipsecmod: shell command too long");
+	if(w >= (int)sizeof(k_s)) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: command ipseckey argument too long");
 		return 0;
 	}
-	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "ipsecmod: shell command: '%s'", str);
+
 	/* ipsecmod-hook should return 0 on success. */
-	if(system(str) != 0)
+	/* exec the ipsecmod-hook */
+	argv[0] = qstate->env->cfg->ipsecmod_hook;
+	argv[1] = qname_s;
+	argv[2] = ttl_s;
+	argv[3] = a_s;
+	argv[4] = k_s;
+	argv[5] = NULL;
+	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "ipsecmod: exec %s \"%s\" %s \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+		argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]);
+	if((pid = fork()) < 0) {
+		log_err("ipsecmod: for exec, can not fork: %s",
+			strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
+	}
+	if(pid == 0) {
+		if(execv(argv[0], argv) < 0)
+			fprintf(stderr, "ipsecmod: execv: %s\n",
+				strerror(errno));
+		_exit(127);
+	}
+	while(1) {
+		if(waitpid(pid, &st, 0) < 0) {
+			if(errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			log_err("ipsecmod: wait_pid: %s", strerror(errno));
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	if(!(WIFEXITED(st) && WEXITSTATUS(st) == 0)) {
+		/* the command failed */
+		return 0;
+	}
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -435,6 +481,12 @@ ipsecmod_handle_query(struct module_qstate* qstate,
 			 * ipsecmod_max_ttl. */
 			rrset_key = reply_find_answer_rrset(&qstate->return_msg->qinfo,
 				qstate->return_msg->rep);
+			if(!rrset_key) {
+				log_err("ipsecmod: reply-find-answer failed");
+				errinf(qstate, "ipsecmod: reply-find-answer failed");
+				ipsecmod_error(qstate, id);
+				return;
+			}
 			rrset_data = (struct packed_rrset_data*)rrset_key->entry.data;
 			if(rrset_data->ttl > (time_t)qstate->env->cfg->ipsecmod_max_ttl) {
 				/* Update TTL for rrset to fixed value. */
@@ -576,6 +628,8 @@ ipsecmod_inform_super(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "super has no ipsecmod state");
 		return;
 	}
+	if(!siq->enabled)
+		return;

 	if(qstate->return_msg) {
 		struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset_key = reply_find_answer_rrset(
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ static int add_to_ipset(filter_dev dev, const char *setname, const void *ipaddr,
 	struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
 	struct nfgenmsg *nfg;
 	struct nlattr *nested[2];
-	static char buffer[BUFF_LEN];
+	char buffer[BUFF_LEN];

 	if (strlen(setname) >= IPSET_MAXNAMELEN) {
 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
@@ -208,13 +208,6 @@ ipset_add_rrset_data(struct ipset_env *ie,
 			ret = add_to_ipset((filter_dev)ie->dev, setname, rr_data + 2, af);
 			if (ret < 0) {
 				log_err("ipset: could not add %s into %s", dname, setname);
-
-#if HAVE_NET_PFVAR_H
-				/* don't close as we might not be able to open again due to dropped privs */
-#else
-				mnl_socket_close((filter_dev)ie->dev);
-				ie->dev = NULL;
-#endif
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -226,15 +219,15 @@ ipset_check_zones_for_rrset(struct module_env *env, struct ipset_env *ie,
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key *rrset, const char *qname, int qlen,
 	const char *setname, int af)
 {
-	static char dname[BUFF_LEN];
+	char dname[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN*4+16];
 	const char *ds, *qs;
 	int dlen, plen;

 	struct config_strlist *p;
 	struct packed_rrset_data *d;

-	dlen = sldns_wire2str_dname_buf(rrset->rk.dname, rrset->rk.dname_len, dname, BUFF_LEN);
-	if (dlen == 0) {
+	dlen = sldns_wire2str_dname_buf(rrset->rk.dname, rrset->rk.dname_len, dname, sizeof(dname));
+	if (dlen == 0 || dlen >= (int)sizeof(dname)) {
 		log_err("bad domain name");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -276,7 +269,7 @@ static int ipset_update(struct module_env *env, struct dns_msg *return_msg,
 	const char *setname;
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key *rrset;
 	int af;
-	static char qname[BUFF_LEN];
+	char qname[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN*4+16];
 	int qlen;

 #ifdef HAVE_NET_PFVAR_H
@@ -292,8 +285,8 @@ static int ipset_update(struct module_env *env, struct dns_msg *return_msg,
 #endif

 	qlen = sldns_wire2str_dname_buf(qinfo.qname, qinfo.qname_len,
-		qname, BUFF_LEN);
-	if(qlen == 0) {
+		qname, sizeof(qname));
+	if(qlen == 0 || qlen >= (int)sizeof(qname)) {
 		log_err("bad domain name");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -372,6 +365,16 @@ int ipset_init(struct module_env* env, int id) {

 	ipset_env->name_v4 = env->cfg->ipset_name_v4;
 	ipset_env->name_v6 = env->cfg->ipset_name_v6;
+#ifndef HAVE_NET_PFVAR_H
+	if (ipset_env->name_v4 && strlen(ipset_env->name_v4) >= IPSET_MAXNAMELEN) {
+		log_err("ipset: name-v4 exceeds IPSET_MAXNAMELEN (%d)", IPSET_MAXNAMELEN);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (ipset_env->name_v6 && strlen(ipset_env->name_v6) >= IPSET_MAXNAMELEN) {
+		log_err("ipset: name-v6 exceeds IPSET_MAXNAMELEN (%d)", IPSET_MAXNAMELEN);
+		return 0;
+	}
+#endif

 	ipset_env->v4_enabled = !ipset_env->name_v4 || (strlen(ipset_env->name_v4) == 0) ? 0 : 1;
 	ipset_env->v6_enabled = !ipset_env->name_v6 || (strlen(ipset_env->name_v6) == 0) ? 0 : 1;
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ delegpt_add_ns(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region, uint8_t* name,
 		sizeof(struct delegpt_ns));
 	if(!ns)
 		return 0;
-	ns->next = dp->nslist;
 	ns->namelen = len;
-	dp->nslist = ns;
 	ns->name = regional_alloc_init(region, name, ns->namelen);
+	if(!ns->name)
+		return 0;
 	ns->cache_lookup_count = 0;
 	ns->resolved = 0;
 	ns->got4 = 0;
@@ -137,7 +137,9 @@ delegpt_add_ns(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region, uint8_t* name,
 	} else {
 		ns->tls_auth_name = NULL;
 	}
-	return ns->name != 0;
+	ns->next = dp->nslist;
+	dp->nslist = ns;
+	return 1;
 }

 struct delegpt_ns*
@@ -223,11 +225,7 @@ delegpt_add_addr(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region,
 		sizeof(struct delegpt_addr));
 	if(!a)
 		return 0;
-	a->next_target = dp->target_list;
-	dp->target_list = a;
 	a->next_result = 0;
-	a->next_usable = dp->usable_list;
-	dp->usable_list = a;
 	memcpy(&a->addr, addr, addrlen);
 	a->addrlen = addrlen;
 	a->attempts = 0;
@@ -241,6 +239,10 @@ delegpt_add_addr(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region,
 	} else {
 		a->tls_auth_name = NULL;
 	}
+	a->next_target = dp->target_list;
+	dp->target_list = a;
+	a->next_usable = dp->usable_list;
+	dp->usable_list = a;
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -398,30 +400,33 @@ delegpt_count_missing_targets(struct delegpt* dp, int* alllame)

 /** find NS rrset in given list */
 static struct ub_packed_rrset_key*
-find_NS(struct reply_info* rep, size_t from, size_t to)
+find_NS(struct reply_info* rep, size_t from, size_t to, uint16_t qclass)
 {
 	size_t i;
 	for(i=from; i<to; i++) {
-		if(ntohs(rep->rrsets[i]->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS)
+		if(ntohs(rep->rrsets[i]->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS &&
+			ntohs(rep->rrsets[i]->rk.rrset_class) == qclass)
 			return rep->rrsets[i];
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }

 struct delegpt* 
-delegpt_from_message(struct dns_msg* msg, struct regional* region)
+delegpt_from_message(struct dns_msg* msg, struct regional* region, int port)
 {
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ns_rrset = NULL;
 	struct delegpt* dp;
 	size_t i;
 	/* look for NS records in the authority section... */
 	ns_rrset = find_NS(msg->rep, msg->rep->an_numrrsets, 
-		msg->rep->an_numrrsets+msg->rep->ns_numrrsets);
+		msg->rep->an_numrrsets+msg->rep->ns_numrrsets,
+		msg->qinfo.qclass);

 	/* In some cases (even legitimate, perfectly legal cases), the 
 	 * NS set for the "referral" might be in the answer section. */
 	if(!ns_rrset)
-		ns_rrset = find_NS(msg->rep, 0, msg->rep->an_numrrsets);
+		ns_rrset = find_NS(msg->rep, 0, msg->rep->an_numrrsets,
+			msg->qinfo.qclass);
 	
 	/* If there was no NS rrset in the authority section, then this 
 	 * wasn't a referral message. (It might not actually be a 
@@ -436,7 +441,7 @@ delegpt_from_message(struct dns_msg* msg, struct regional* region)
 	dp->has_parent_side_NS = 1; /* created from message */
 	if(!delegpt_set_name(dp, region, ns_rrset->rk.dname))
 		return NULL;
-	if(!delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, ns_rrset, 0))
+	if(!delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, ns_rrset, 0, port))
 		return NULL;

 	/* add glue, A and AAAA in answer and additional section */
@@ -447,10 +452,12 @@ delegpt_from_message(struct dns_msg* msg, struct regional* region)
 			i < (msg->rep->an_numrrsets+msg->rep->ns_numrrsets))
 			continue;

-		if(ntohs(s->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_A) {
+		if(ntohs(s->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_A &&
+			ntohs(s->rk.rrset_class) == msg->qinfo.qclass) {
 			if(!delegpt_add_rrset_A(dp, region, s, 0, NULL))
 				return NULL;
-		} else if(ntohs(s->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA) {
+		} else if(ntohs(s->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA &&
+			ntohs(s->rk.rrset_class) == msg->qinfo.qclass) {
 			if(!delegpt_add_rrset_AAAA(dp, region, s, 0, NULL))
 				return NULL;
 		}
@@ -460,7 +467,7 @@ delegpt_from_message(struct dns_msg* msg, struct regional* region)

 int 
 delegpt_rrset_add_ns(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region,
-        struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ns_rrset, uint8_t lame)
+        struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ns_rrset, uint8_t lame, int port)
 {
 	struct packed_rrset_data* nsdata = (struct packed_rrset_data*)
 		ns_rrset->entry.data;
@@ -475,7 +482,7 @@ delegpt_rrset_add_ns(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region,
 			continue; /* bad format */
 		/* add rdata of NS (= wirefmt dname), skip rdatalen bytes */
 		if(!delegpt_add_ns(dp, region, nsdata->rr_data[i]+2, lame,
-			NULL, UNBOUND_DNS_PORT))
+			NULL, (port==-1?UNBOUND_DNS_PORT:port)))
 			return 0;
 	}
 	return 1;
@@ -534,7 +541,7 @@ delegpt_add_rrset(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* region,
 	if(!rrset)
 		return 1;
 	if(ntohs(rrset->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS)
-		return delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, rrset, lame);
+		return delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, rrset, lame, -1);
 	else if(ntohs(rrset->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_A)
 		return delegpt_add_rrset_A(dp, region, rrset, lame, additions);
 	else if(ntohs(rrset->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA)
@@ -659,8 +666,6 @@ int delegpt_add_ns_mlc(struct delegpt* dp, uint8_t* name, uint8_t lame,
 		free(ns);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	ns->next = dp->nslist;
-	dp->nslist = ns;
 	ns->cache_lookup_count = 0;
 	ns->resolved = 0;
 	ns->got4 = 0;
@@ -679,6 +684,8 @@ int delegpt_add_ns_mlc(struct delegpt* dp, uint8_t* name, uint8_t lame,
 	} else {
 		ns->tls_auth_name = NULL;
 	}
+	ns->next = dp->nslist;
+	dp->nslist = ns;
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -704,11 +711,7 @@ int delegpt_add_addr_mlc(struct delegpt* dp, struct sockaddr_storage* addr,
 	a = (struct delegpt_addr*)malloc(sizeof(struct delegpt_addr));
 	if(!a)
 		return 0;
-	a->next_target = dp->target_list;
-	dp->target_list = a;
 	a->next_result = 0;
-	a->next_usable = dp->usable_list;
-	dp->usable_list = a;
 	memcpy(&a->addr, addr, addrlen);
 	a->addrlen = addrlen;
 	a->attempts = 0;
@@ -724,6 +727,10 @@ int delegpt_add_addr_mlc(struct delegpt* dp, struct sockaddr_storage* addr,
 	} else {
 		a->tls_auth_name = NULL;
 	}
+	a->next_target = dp->target_list;
+	dp->target_list = a;
+	a->next_usable = dp->usable_list;
+	dp->usable_list = a;
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -221,10 +221,11 @@ int delegpt_add_ns(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* regional,
 * @param regional: where to allocate the info.
 * @param ns_rrset: NS rrset.
 * @param lame: rrset is lame, disprefer it.
+ * @param port: port or -1 if not set.
 * @return 0 on alloc error.
 */
 int delegpt_rrset_add_ns(struct delegpt* dp, struct regional* regional,
-	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ns_rrset, uint8_t lame);
+	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ns_rrset, uint8_t lame, int port);

 /**
 * Add target address to the delegation point.
@@ -365,11 +366,12 @@ size_t delegpt_count_targets(struct delegpt* dp);
 *
 * @param msg: the dns message, referral.
 * @param regional: where to allocate delegation point.
+ * @param port: if not -1 specifies a port number.
 * @return new delegation point or NULL on alloc error, or if the
 *         message was not appropriate.
 */
 struct delegpt* delegpt_from_message(struct dns_msg* msg, 
-	struct regional* regional);
+	struct regional* regional, int port);

 /**
 * Mark negative return in delegation point for specific nameserver.
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "services/cache/dns.h"
 #include "util/net_help.h"
 #include "util/data/dname.h"
+#include "util/config_file.h"
 #include "sldns/rrdef.h"
 #include "sldns/pkthdr.h"

@@ -107,7 +108,8 @@ response_type_from_cache(struct dns_msg* msg,
 enum response_type 
 response_type_from_server(int rdset,
 	struct dns_msg* msg, struct query_info* request, struct delegpt* dp,
-	int* empty_nodata_found)
+	int* empty_nodata_found, int msg_lame_empty, int msg_lame_referral,
+	struct config_file* cfg)
 {
 	uint8_t* origzone = (uint8_t*)"\000"; /* the default */
 	struct ub_packed_rrset_key* s;
@@ -122,10 +124,24 @@ response_type_from_server(int rdset,

 	/* If the message is NXDOMAIN, then it answers the question. */
 	if(FLAGS_GET_RCODE(msg->rep->flags) == LDNS_RCODE_NXDOMAIN) {
+		if(msg->rep->an_numrrsets == 0 &&
+			msg->rep->ns_numrrsets == 0 &&
+			msg_lame_empty)
+			return RESPONSE_TYPE_LAME;
 		/* make sure its not recursive when we don't want it to */
 		if( (msg->rep->flags&BIT_RA) &&
 			!(msg->rep->flags&BIT_AA) && !rdset)
 				return RESPONSE_TYPE_REC_LAME;
+		if(!cfg->harden_cname_follow /* follow CNAME chain */) {
+			/* If the CNAME chain is allowed, see if there is a
+			 * SOA record, if so, the chain is complete to the
+			 * end of it, otherwise it could be a partial chain.*/
+			for(i=msg->rep->an_numrrsets; i<msg->rep->an_numrrsets+msg->rep->ns_numrrsets; i++) {
+				s = msg->rep->rrsets[i];
+				if(ntohs(s->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_SOA)
+					return RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER;
+			}
+		}
 		/* it could be a CNAME with NXDOMAIN rcode */
 		for(i=0; i<msg->rep->an_numrrsets; i++) {
 			s = msg->rep->rrsets[i];
@@ -143,6 +159,10 @@ response_type_from_server(int rdset,
 	if(FLAGS_GET_RCODE(msg->rep->flags) != LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR)
 		return RESPONSE_TYPE_THROWAWAY;

+	if(msg->rep->an_numrrsets == 0 && msg->rep->ns_numrrsets == 0 &&
+		msg_lame_empty)
+		return RESPONSE_TYPE_LAME;
+
 	/* Note: TC bit has already been handled */

 	if(dp) {
@@ -154,6 +174,7 @@ response_type_from_server(int rdset,
 	if(msg->rep->an_numrrsets > 0) {
 		uint8_t* mname = request->qname;
 		size_t mname_len = request->qname_len;
+		int sawanswer = 0;

 		/* Now look at the answer section first. 3 states: our 
 		 * answer is there directly, our answer is there after 
@@ -189,6 +210,7 @@ response_type_from_server(int rdset,
 				 * the answer, we only provisionally say 
 				 * 'ANSWER' -- it very well could be a 
 				 * REFERRAL. */
+				sawanswer = 1;
 				break;
 			}

@@ -206,6 +228,10 @@ response_type_from_server(int rdset,
 		 * still got to here, then it is a CNAME response. 
 		 * (This is regardless of the AA bit at this point) */
 		if(mname != request->qname) {
+			if(!cfg->harden_cname_follow /* allow CNAMEs */ &&
+				sawanswer /* The last was not CNAME, and
+				there is an answer RRset. */ )
+				return RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER;
 			return RESPONSE_TYPE_CNAME;
 		}
 	}
@@ -249,13 +275,16 @@ response_type_from_server(int rdset,
 				 * which gives ns==zone delegation from cache 
 				 * without AA bit as well, with nodata nosoa*/
 				/* real answer must be +AA and SOA RFC(2308),
-				 * so this is wrong, and we SERVFAIL it if
-				 * this is the only possible reply, if it
-				 * is misdeployed the THROWAWAY makes us pick
-				 * the next server from the selection */
-				if(msg->rep->an_numrrsets==0 &&
+				 * this is picked up as lame_referral by the
+				 * sanitize step, so it can spot if there
+				 * was data in the answer section before
+				 * removal. If such data is then removed we
+				 * do not want to turn that answer into lame.
+				 * But if it was not there, it can be lame. */
+				if(msg_lame_referral &&
+					msg->rep->an_numrrsets==0 &&
 					!(msg->rep->flags&BIT_AA) && !rdset)
-					return RESPONSE_TYPE_THROWAWAY;
+					return RESPONSE_TYPE_LAME;
 				return RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER;
 			}
 			/* If we are getting a referral upwards (or to 
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 struct dns_msg;
 struct query_info;
 struct delegpt;
+struct config_file;

 /**
 * The response type is used to interpret the response.
@@ -115,15 +116,21 @@ enum response_type response_type_from_cache(struct dns_msg* msg,
 * detection, mostly).
 *
 * @param rdset: if RD bit was sent in query sent by unbound.
- * @param msg: the message from the cache.
+ * @param msg: the message.
 * @param request: the request that generated the response.
 * @param dp: The delegation point that was being queried
 *          when the response was returned.
 * @param empty_nodata_found: flag to keep track of empty nodata detection.
+ * @param msg_lame_empty: The scrubber indicates that this empty message
+ *	is lame, before it became empty.
+ * @param msg_lame_referral: returned true if the reply has a referral before
+ *	scrub.
+ * @param cfg: config with options.
 * @return the response type (CNAME or ANSWER).
 */
 enum response_type response_type_from_server(int rdset, 
 	struct dns_msg* msg, struct query_info* request, struct delegpt* dp,
-	int* empty_nodata_found);
+	int* empty_nodata_found, int msg_lame_empty, int msg_lame_referral,
+	struct config_file* cfg);

 #endif /* ITERATOR_ITER_RESPTYPE_H */
@@ -294,7 +294,14 @@ synth_cname_rrset(uint8_t** sname, size_t* snamelen, uint8_t* alias,
 		if(ttl_t > MAX_TTL) ttl_t = MAX_TTL;
 		ttl = (uint32_t)ttl_t;
 		sldns_write_uint32(cn->rr_first->ttl_data, ttl);
-		sldns_write_uint32(rrset->rr_first->ttl_data, ttl);
+		/* Do NOT write the clamp back into the packet buffer:
+		 * parse_packet already sized every name from the original
+		 * bytes and rdata_copy re-walks them trusting those sizes;
+		 * mutating packet bytes between the walks breaks that
+		 * invariant (compression pointers can target these TTL
+		 * bytes). The DNAME rrset receives the same clamp at store
+		 * time in rdata_copy, so the DNAME and the synthesized
+		 * CNAME still carry equal TTLs in the cache. */
 	}
 	sldns_write_uint16(cn->rr_first->ttl_data+4, aliaslen);
 	memmove(cn->rr_first->ttl_data+6, alias, aliaslen);
@@ -316,6 +323,20 @@ synth_cname_rrset(uint8_t** sname, size_t* snamelen, uint8_t* alias,
 	return cn;
 }

+/** Check if the packet has type NS in answer or authority section */
+static int
+pkt_contains_ns(struct msg_parse* msg)
+{
+	struct rrset_parse* rrset;
+	for(rrset = msg->rrset_first; rrset; rrset = rrset->rrset_all_next) {
+		if(rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS &&
+			(rrset->section == LDNS_SECTION_ANSWER ||
+			rrset->section == LDNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /** check if DNAME applies to a name */
 static int
 pkt_strict_sub(sldns_buffer* pkt, uint8_t* sname, uint8_t* dr)
@@ -394,6 +415,8 @@ shorten_rrset(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct rrset_parse* rrset, int count)
 	struct rr_parse* rr = rrset->rr_first, *prev = NULL;
 	if(!rr)
 		return;
+	if(count < 1)
+		return; /* cannot leave a still-linked rrset_parse with rr_count == 0 */
 	for(i=0; i<count; i++) {
 		prev = rr;
 		rr = rr->next;
@@ -478,6 +501,7 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 	size_t snamelen = qinfo->qname_len;
 	struct rrset_parse* rrset, *prev, *nsset=NULL;
 	int cname_length = 0; /* number of CNAMEs, or DNAMEs */
+	int has_answer = 0; /* if answer section contains nonCNAME,nonDNAME */

 	if(FLAGS_GET_RCODE(msg->flags) != LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR &&
 		FLAGS_GET_RCODE(msg->flags) != LDNS_RCODE_NXDOMAIN &&
@@ -500,7 +524,7 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 			 * server, scrub down the length to something
 			 * shorter. This deletes everything after the limit
 			 * is reached. The iterator is going to look up
-			 * the content one by one anyway. */
+			 * the content one by one, if harden-cname-follow . */
 			remove_rrset("normalize: removing because too many cnames:",
 				pkt, msg, prev, &rrset);
 			continue;
@@ -519,6 +543,11 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 					(unsigned)rrset->rr_count);
 				return 0;
 			}
+			if(has_answer) {
+				remove_rrset("normalize: removing DNAME redirection after answer:",
+					pkt, msg, prev, &rrset);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if(!synth_cname(sname, snamelen, rrset, alias, 
 				&aliaslen, pkt)) {
 				verbose(VERB_ALGO, "synthesized CNAME "
@@ -569,6 +598,11 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 		if(rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_CNAME) {
 			struct rrset_parse* nx = rrset->rrset_all_next;
 			uint8_t* oldsname = sname;
+			if(has_answer) {
+				remove_rrset("normalize: removing redirection after answer:",
+					pkt, msg, prev, &rrset);
+				continue;
+			}
 			cname_length++;
 			/* see if the next one is a DNAME, if so, swap them */
 			if(nx && nx->section == LDNS_SECTION_ANSWER &&
@@ -621,6 +655,9 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 					if(rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS &&
 						rrset->rr_count > env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns) {
 						shorten_rrset(pkt, rrset, env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns);
+					} else if(rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_DS &&
+						rrset->rr_count > env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns) {
+						shorten_rrset(pkt, rrset, env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns);
 					}
 					prev = rrset;
 					rrset = rrset->rrset_all_next;
@@ -640,6 +677,9 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 		if(rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS &&
 			rrset->rr_count > env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns) {
 			shorten_rrset(pkt, rrset, env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns);
+		} else if(rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_DS &&
+			rrset->rr_count > env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns) {
+			shorten_rrset(pkt, rrset, env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns);
 		}

 		/* Mark the additional names from relevant rrset as OK. */
@@ -647,6 +687,7 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 		 * will be removed by sanitize, so no additional for them */
 		if(dname_pkt_compare(pkt, qinfo->qname, rrset->dname) == 0)
 			mark_additional_rrset(pkt, msg, rrset);
+		has_answer = 1;
 		
 		prev = rrset;
 		rrset = rrset->rrset_all_next;
@@ -732,6 +773,11 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 					"RRset:", pkt, msg, prev, &rrset);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if(ntohs(rrset->rrset_class) != qinfo->qclass) {
+				remove_rrset("normalize: removing other class "
+					"RRset:", pkt, msg, prev, &rrset);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if(nsset == NULL) {
 				nsset = rrset;
 			} else {
@@ -758,6 +804,11 @@ scrub_normalize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 					shorten_rrset(pkt, rrset, env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns);
 				}
 			}
+		} else if(rrset->type==LDNS_RR_TYPE_DS) {
+			if(rrset->rr_count > env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns) {
+				shorten_rrset(pkt, rrset,
+					env->cfg->iter_scrub_ns);
+			}
 		}
 		/* if this is type DS and we query for type DS we just got
 		 * a referral answer for our type DS query, fix packet */
@@ -860,8 +911,8 @@ store_rrset(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg, struct module_env* env,
 	packed_rrset_ttl_add(d, now);
 	ref.key = k;
 	ref.id = k->id;
-	/*ignore ret: it was in the cache, ref updated */
-	(void)rrset_cache_update(env->rrset_cache, &ref, env->alloc, now);
+	/* if it was in the cache, ref updated */
+	rrset_cache_update_unlock(env->rrset_cache, &ref, env->alloc, now);
 }

 /**
@@ -968,18 +1019,28 @@ scrub_sanitize_rr_length(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 * @param env: module environment with config and cache.
 * @param ie: iterator environment with private address data.
 * @param qstate: for setting errinf for EDE error messages.
+ * @param pkt_before_NS: if the packet had type NS before scrub. If that
+ *	is removed now, that indicates this may have been lame.
+ * @param msg_lame_empty: returned true if the empty packet is lame.
+ * @param msg_lame_referral: returned true if the reply has a referral before
+ *	scrub.
+ * @param rdset: if RD bit was sent in query sent by unbound.
 * @return 0 on error.
 */
 static int
 scrub_sanitize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg, 
 	struct query_info* qinfo, uint8_t* zonename, struct module_env* env,
-	struct iter_env* ie, struct module_qstate* qstate)
+	struct iter_env* ie, struct module_qstate* qstate,
+	int pkt_before_NS, int* msg_lame_empty, int* msg_lame_referral,
+	int rdset)
 {
 	int del_addi = 0; /* if additional-holding rrsets are deleted, we
 		do not trust the normalized additional-A-AAAA any more */
 	uint8_t* ns_rrset_dname = NULL;
 	int added_rrlen_ede = 0;
 	struct rrset_parse* rrset, *prev;
+	uint8_t* sname = qinfo->qname;
+	size_t snamelen = qinfo->qname_len;
 	prev = NULL;
 	rrset = msg->rrset_first;

@@ -987,6 +1048,7 @@ scrub_sanitize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 	 * it can be used from the cache. After normalization, an initial 
 	 * DNAME will have a correctly synthesized CNAME after it. */
 	if(rrset && rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNAME && 
+		env->cfg->harden_cname_follow /* CNAME chain is cut off, one DNAME is allowed here. */ &&
 		rrset->section == LDNS_SECTION_ANSWER &&
 		pkt_strict_sub(pkt, qinfo->qname, rrset->dname) &&
 		pkt_sub(pkt, rrset->dname, zonename)) {
@@ -1002,12 +1064,33 @@ scrub_sanitize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 	 * ANY queries get query name in answer section.
 	 * Remainders of CNAME chains are cut off and resolved by iterator. */
 	while(rrset && rrset->section == LDNS_SECTION_ANSWER) {
-		if(dname_pkt_compare(pkt, qinfo->qname, rrset->dname) != 0) {
+		if(!env->cfg->harden_cname_follow /* CNAME chain is allowed to stay */ &&
+			rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNAME &&
+			pkt_strict_sub(pkt, sname, rrset->dname) &&
+			pkt_sub(pkt, rrset->dname, zonename)) {
+			/* This DNAME is allowed to stay, the synthesized
+			 * CNAME follows next. */
+			prev = rrset;
+			rrset = rrset->rrset_all_next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(dname_pkt_compare(pkt, sname, rrset->dname) != 0) {
 			if(has_additional(rrset->type)) del_addi = 1;
 			remove_rrset("sanitize: removing extraneous answer "
 				"RRset:", pkt, msg, prev, &rrset);
 			continue;
 		}
+		if(!env->cfg->harden_cname_follow /* CNAME chain is allowed to stay */ &&
+			qinfo->qtype != LDNS_RR_TYPE_ANY &&
+			rrset->type == LDNS_RR_TYPE_CNAME &&
+			dname_pkt_compare(pkt, sname, rrset->dname) == 0) {
+			/* Follow the CNAME chain, and allow the elements
+			 * that match the CNAME chain. Also allow a DNAME
+			 * in front. */
+			if(!parse_get_cname_target(rrset, &sname, &snamelen,
+				pkt))
+				return 0;
+		}
 		prev = rrset;
 		rrset = rrset->rrset_all_next;
 	}
@@ -1130,6 +1213,21 @@ scrub_sanitize(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 		prev = rrset;
 		rrset = rrset->rrset_all_next;
 	}
+
+	/* If the packet is empty now, but it was not before. And there
+	 * was type NS in authority, then that indicates the answer is lame. */
+	if(msg->rrset_first == NULL && pkt_before_NS) {
+		*msg_lame_empty = 1;
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "sanitize: empty message had referral to NS before, marked as lame");
+	} else if(pkt_before_NS && msg->an_rrsets==0 &&
+		!(msg->flags&BIT_AA) && !rdset) {
+		/* If the packet is now a referral, not really a nodata,
+		 * then if it was also with an empty answer section before,
+		 * it is also lame. */
+		*msg_lame_referral = 1;
+		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "sanitize: message has referral not answer, marked as lame");
+	}
+
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -1137,11 +1235,15 @@ int
 scrub_message(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg, 
 	struct query_info* qinfo, uint8_t* zonename, struct regional* region,
 	struct module_env* env, struct module_qstate* qstate,
-	struct iter_env* ie)
+	struct iter_env* ie, int* msg_lame_empty, int* msg_lame_referral,
+	int rdset)
 {
+	int pkt_before_NS;
 	/* basic sanity checks */
 	log_nametypeclass(VERB_ALGO, "scrub for", zonename, LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS, 
 		qinfo->qclass);
+	*msg_lame_empty = 0;
+	*msg_lame_referral = 0;
 	if(msg->qdcount > 1)
 		return 0;
 	if( !(msg->flags&BIT_QR) )
@@ -1166,11 +1268,21 @@ scrub_message(sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg,
 			return 0;
 	}

+	/* If the packet contains type NS in authority before scrub,
+	 * like a self referral. With the answer section empty, it
+	 * was not AA, the query was not sent with RD, with NS in auth,
+	 * and no SOA in auth. For a negative answer, type SOA is present.
+	 * This detects certain lameness if after has removed that. */
+	pkt_before_NS = msg->an_rrsets == 0 &&
+		!(msg->flags&BIT_AA) && !rdset &&
+		pkt_contains_ns(msg) && !soa_in_auth(msg);
+
 	/* normalize the response, this cleans up the additional.  */
 	if(!scrub_normalize(pkt, msg, qinfo, region, env, zonename))
 		return 0;
 	/* delete all out-of-zone information */
-	if(!scrub_sanitize(pkt, msg, qinfo, zonename, env, ie, qstate))
+	if(!scrub_sanitize(pkt, msg, qinfo, zonename, env, ie, qstate,
+		pkt_before_NS, msg_lame_empty, msg_lame_referral, rdset))
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -62,11 +62,16 @@ struct module_qstate;
 * @param env: module environment with config settings and cache. 
 * @param qstate: for setting errinf for EDE error messages.
 * @param ie: iterator module environment data.
+ * @param msg_lame_empty: returned true if the empty packet is lame.
+ * @param msg_lame_referral: returned true if the reply has a referral before
+ *	scrub.
+ * @param rdset: if RD bit was sent in query sent by unbound.
 * @return: false if the message is total waste. true if scrubbed with success.
 */
 int scrub_message(struct sldns_buffer* pkt, struct msg_parse* msg, 
 	struct query_info* qinfo, uint8_t* zonename, struct regional* regional,
 	struct module_env* env, struct module_qstate* qstate,
-	struct iter_env* ie);
+	struct iter_env* ie, int* msg_lame_empty, int* msg_lame_referral,
+	int rdset);

 #endif /* ITERATOR_ITER_SCRUB_H */
@@ -1215,8 +1215,8 @@ iter_store_parentside_rrset(struct module_env* env,
 	rrset->entry.hash = rrset_key_hash(&rrset->rk);
 	ref.key = rrset;
 	ref.id = rrset->id;
-	/* ignore ret: if it was in the cache, ref updated */
-	(void)rrset_cache_update(env->rrset_cache, &ref, env->alloc, *env->now);
+	/* if it was in the cache, ref updated */
+	rrset_cache_update_unlock(env->rrset_cache, &ref, env->alloc, *env->now);
 }

 /** fetch NS record from reply, if any */
@@ -1313,7 +1313,8 @@ iter_lookup_parent_NS_from_cache(struct module_env* env, struct delegpt* dp,
 		log_rrset_key(VERB_ALGO, "found parent-side NS in cache", akey);
 		dp->has_parent_side_NS = 1;
 		/* and mark the new names as lame */
-		if(!delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, akey, 1)) {
+		if(!delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, akey, 1,
+			deleg_port_number(env))) {
 			lock_rw_unlock(&akey->entry.lock);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -1703,3 +1704,36 @@ iter_make_minimal(struct reply_info* rep)
 	rep->ar_numrrsets = 0;
 	rep->rrset_count -= rem;
 }
+
+int
+deleg_port_number(struct module_env* env)
+{
+	if(env->cfg->ssl_upstream)
+		return env->cfg->ssl_port;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+void
+shorten_answer_cname(struct reply_info* rep, uint8_t* cutoff)
+{
+	size_t i, found = 0, removenum;
+	uint8_t* sname = NULL;
+	size_t snamelen = 0;
+	for(i=0; i<rep->an_numrrsets; i++) {
+		if(query_dname_compare(rep->rrsets[i]->rk.dname, cutoff) == 0) {
+			found = 1;
+			removenum = i;
+			break;
+		}
+		if(ntohs(rep->rrsets[i]->rk.type) == LDNS_RR_TYPE_CNAME) {
+			get_cname_target(rep->rrsets[i], &sname, &snamelen);
+			if(query_dname_compare(sname, cutoff) == 0) {
+				found = 1;
+				removenum = i+1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if(!found) return; /* not found */
+	val_reply_remove_answers(rep, removenum, rep->an_numrrsets-removenum);
+}
@@ -483,4 +483,10 @@ void limit_nsec_ttl(struct dns_msg* msg);
 */
 void iter_make_minimal(struct reply_info* rep);

+/** See if we need a different port number */
+int deleg_port_number(struct module_env* env);
+
+/** Shorten reply CNAME chain to cutoff, cutoff is excluded. */
+void shorten_answer_cname(struct reply_info* rep, uint8_t* cutoff);
+
 #endif /* ITERATOR_ITER_UTILS_H */
@@ -1511,6 +1511,7 @@ processInitRequest(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "no-cache set, going to the network");
 		qstate->no_cache_lookup = 1;
 		qstate->no_cache_store = 1;
+		qstate->fwd_stub_no_cache = 1;
 		msg = NULL;
 	} else if(qstate->blacklist) {
 		/* if cache, or anything else, was blacklisted then
@@ -1530,7 +1531,7 @@ processInitRequest(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 			msg = val_neg_getmsg(qstate->env->neg_cache, &iq->qchase,
 				qstate->region, qstate->env->rrset_cache,
 				qstate->env->scratch_buffer, 
-				*qstate->env->now, 1/*add SOA*/, NULL, 
+				*qstate->env->now, 1/*add SOA*/, dpname,
 				qstate->env->cfg);
 		}
 		/* item taken from cache does not match our query name, thus
@@ -2391,6 +2392,12 @@ processDSNSFind(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq, int id)

 	/* go up one (more) step, until we hit the dp, if so, end */
 	dname_remove_label(&iq->dsns_point, &iq->dsns_point_len);
+	if(++iq->dsns_count > MAX_DSNS_FIND_COUNT) {
+		verbose(VERB_QUERY, "DS NS search exceeded %d labels",
+			MAX_DSNS_FIND_COUNT);
+		errinf(qstate, "DS NS search exceeded label limit");
+		return error_response_cache(qstate, id, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL);
+	}
 	if(query_dname_compare(iq->dsns_point, iq->dp->name) == 0) {
 		/* there was no inbetween nameserver, use the old delegation
 		 * point again.  And this time, because dsns_point is nonNULL
@@ -3073,7 +3080,9 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,

 	/* Do not check ratelimit for forwarding queries or if we already got a
 	 * pass. */
-	sq_check_ratelimit = (!(iq->chase_flags & BIT_RD) && !iq->ratelimit_ok);
+	sq_check_ratelimit = ((!(iq->chase_flags & BIT_RD) &&
+		!iq->ratelimit_ok));
+	iq->ratelimit_incremented = 0;
 	/* We have a valid target. */
 	if(verbosity >= VERB_QUERY) {
 		log_query_info(VERB_QUERY, "sending query:", &iq->qinfo_out);
@@ -3099,7 +3108,8 @@ processQueryTargets(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		iq->dp->name, iq->dp->namelen,
 		(iq->dp->tcp_upstream || qstate->env->cfg->tcp_upstream),
 		(iq->dp->ssl_upstream || qstate->env->cfg->ssl_upstream),
-		target->tls_auth_name, qstate, &sq_was_ratelimited);
+		target->tls_auth_name, qstate, &sq_was_ratelimited,
+		&iq->ratelimit_incremented);
 	if(!outq) {
 		if(sq_was_ratelimited) {
 			lock_basic_lock(&ie->queries_ratelimit_lock);
@@ -3137,7 +3147,6 @@ find_NS(struct reply_info* rep, size_t from, size_t to)
 	return NULL;
 }

-
 /** 
 * Process the query response. All queries end up at this state first. This
 * process generally consists of analyzing the response and routing the
@@ -3179,7 +3188,8 @@ processQueryResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 	orig_empty_nodata_found = iq->empty_nodata_found;
 	type = response_type_from_server(
 		(int)((iq->chase_flags&BIT_RD) || iq->chase_to_rd),
-		iq->response, &iq->qinfo_out, iq->dp, &iq->empty_nodata_found);
+		iq->response, &iq->qinfo_out, iq->dp, &iq->empty_nodata_found,
+		iq->msg_lame_empty, iq->msg_lame_referral, qstate->env->cfg);
 	iq->chase_to_rd = 0;
 	/* remove TC flag, if this is erroneously set by TCP upstream */
 	iq->response->rep->flags &= ~BIT_TC;
@@ -3292,6 +3302,47 @@ processQueryResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		 * to send another query with a new qtype. */
 		type = RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER;
 	}
+	if(type == RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER &&
+		!qstate->env->cfg->harden_cname_follow /* cname chain from upstream is allowed */ &&
+		qstate->env->auth_zones &&
+		/* Check for CNAMEs in answer and RPZ after the CNAME. */
+		reply_find_rrset_section_an(
+		iq->response->rep, iq->qchase.qname,
+		iq->qchase.qname_len, LDNS_RR_TYPE_CNAME,
+		iq->qchase.qclass) != NULL) {
+		/* If this is an answer with CNAMEs in front, and
+		 * RPZ wants to modify after CNAME(s), cut off, the
+		 * remainder, and treat as the CNAME response */
+		size_t i;
+		uint8_t* origname = iq->qchase.qname;
+		size_t orignamelen = iq->qchase.qname_len;
+		for(i=0; i<iq->response->rep->an_numrrsets; i++) {
+			struct dns_msg* forged_response;
+			if(ntohs(iq->response->rep->rrsets[i]->rk.type) ==
+				LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNAME) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			if(ntohs(iq->response->rep->rrsets[i]->rk.type) !=
+				LDNS_RR_TYPE_CNAME) {
+				break;
+			}
+			get_cname_target(iq->response->rep->rrsets[i],
+				&iq->qchase.qname, &iq->qchase.qname_len);
+			forged_response = rpz_callback_from_iterator_cname(qstate, iq);
+			if(forged_response) {
+				/* Cut off the answer section at this point.
+				 * RPZ is going to make an answer, in the
+				 * processInit after the CNAME(s) in front
+				 * are handled. */
+				shorten_answer_cname(iq->response->rep,
+					iq->qchase.qname);
+				type = RESPONSE_TYPE_CNAME;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		iq->qchase.qname = origname;
+		iq->qchase.qname_len = orignamelen;
+	}

 	/* handle each of the type cases */
 	if(type == RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER) {
@@ -3457,7 +3508,14 @@ processQueryResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,
 		iq->deleg_msg = iq->response;
 		/* Keep current delegation point for label comparison */
 		old_dp = iq->dp;
-		iq->dp = delegpt_from_message(iq->response, qstate->region);
+		/* A referral reply is "pleasant", refund the
+		 * parent dp's rate charge before descending to the child. */
+		if(iq->ratelimit_incremented)
+			infra_ratelimit_dec(qstate->env->infra_cache,
+				old_dp->name, old_dp->namelen,
+				*qstate->env->now);
+		iq->dp = delegpt_from_message(iq->response, qstate->region,
+			deleg_port_number(qstate->env));
 		if (qstate->env->cfg->qname_minimisation)
 			iq->minimisation_state = INIT_MINIMISE_STATE;
 		if(!iq->dp) {
@@ -3734,7 +3792,8 @@ prime_supers(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id, struct module_qstate* forq)
 	log_assert(qstate->is_priming || foriq->wait_priming_stub);
 	log_assert(qstate->return_rcode == LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR);
 	/* Convert our response to a delegation point */
-	dp = delegpt_from_message(qstate->return_msg, forq->region);
+	dp = delegpt_from_message(qstate->return_msg, forq->region,
+		deleg_port_number(forq->env));
 	if(!dp) {
 		/* if there is no convertible delegation point, then 
 		 * the ANSWER type was (presumably) a negative answer. */
@@ -3785,7 +3844,8 @@ processPrimeResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id)
 	iq->response->rep->flags &= ~(BIT_RD|BIT_RA); /* ignore rec-lame */
 	type = response_type_from_server(
 		(int)((iq->chase_flags&BIT_RD) || iq->chase_to_rd), 
-		iq->response, &iq->qchase, iq->dp, NULL);
+		iq->response, &iq->qchase, iq->dp, NULL, iq->msg_lame_empty,
+		iq->msg_lame_referral, qstate->env->cfg);
 	if(type == RESPONSE_TYPE_ANSWER) {
 		qstate->return_rcode = LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR;
 		qstate->return_msg = iq->response;
@@ -3935,26 +3995,49 @@ processDSNSResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 	struct module_qstate* forq)
 {
 	struct iter_qstate* foriq = (struct iter_qstate*)forq->minfo[id];
+	int sec_an = 0, sec_ns = 0;

 	/* if the finished (iq->response) query has no NS set: continue
 	 * up to look for the right dp; nothing to change, do DPNSstate */
 	if(qstate->return_rcode != LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR)
 		return; /* seek further */
 	/* find the NS RRset (without allowing CNAMEs) */
-	if(!reply_find_rrset(qstate->return_msg->rep, qstate->qinfo.qname,
-		qstate->qinfo.qname_len, LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS,
-		qstate->qinfo.qclass)){
+	/* Usually, the response has a NS in the answer section, since that
+	 * was the query type. And it is then the child side part of the NS
+	 * set. This child side part would be used if next up a delegation
+	 * point was constructed from cache, for example. But now it uses that
+	 * child side part for constructing a delegation point for the DS
+	 * lookup.
+	 * If that is not there, we can pick up the NS from the authority
+	 * section as well, like from a referral. */
+	if(reply_find_rrset_section_an(qstate->return_msg->rep,
+		qstate->qinfo.qname, qstate->qinfo.qname_len,
+		LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS, qstate->qinfo.qclass))
+		sec_an = 1;
+	if(!sec_an && reply_find_rrset_section_ns(qstate->return_msg->rep,
+		qstate->qinfo.qname, qstate->qinfo.qname_len,
+		LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS, qstate->qinfo.qclass))
+		sec_ns = 1;
+	if(!sec_an && !sec_ns) {
+		/* We probably hit an intermediate label, without a type NS
+		 * record there. To find the nameservers, it must go up more.*/
 		return; /* seek further */
 	}

 	/* else, store as DP and continue at querytargets */
 	foriq->state = QUERYTARGETS_STATE;
-	foriq->dp = delegpt_from_message(qstate->return_msg, forq->region);
+	foriq->dp = delegpt_from_message(qstate->return_msg, forq->region,
+		deleg_port_number(forq->env));
 	if(!foriq->dp) {
 		log_err("out of memory in dsns dp alloc");
 		errinf(qstate, "malloc failure, in DS search");
 		return; /* dp==NULL in QUERYTARGETS makes SERVFAIL */
 	}
+	if(sec_an) {
+		/* The NS is in the answer section, this is not a parent side,
+		 * but a child side response for it. */
+		foriq->dp->has_parent_side_NS = 0;
+	}
 	/* success, go query the querytargets in the new dp (and go down) */
 }

@@ -3998,7 +4081,7 @@ processClassResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 		/* if there are records, copy RCODE */
 		/* lower sec_state if this message is lower */
 		if(from->rep->rrset_count != 0) {
-			size_t n = from->rep->rrset_count+to->rep->rrset_count;
+			size_t i, n = from->rep->rrset_count+to->rep->rrset_count;
 			struct ub_packed_rrset_key** dest, **d;
 			/* copy appropriate rcode */
 			to->rep->flags = from->rep->flags;
@@ -4020,24 +4103,49 @@ processClassResponse(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 			memcpy(dest, to->rep->rrsets, to->rep->an_numrrsets
 				* sizeof(dest[0]));
 			dest += to->rep->an_numrrsets;
-			memcpy(dest, from->rep->rrsets, from->rep->an_numrrsets
-				* sizeof(dest[0]));
+			for(i=0; i<from->rep->an_numrrsets; i++) {
+				dest[i] = packed_rrset_copy_region(
+					from->rep->rrsets[i], forq->region, 0);
+				if(!dest[i]) {
+					log_err("malloc failed in collect ANY");
+					foriq->state = FINISHED_STATE;
+					return;
+				}
+			}
 			dest += from->rep->an_numrrsets;
 			/* copy NS */
 			memcpy(dest, to->rep->rrsets+to->rep->an_numrrsets,
 				to->rep->ns_numrrsets * sizeof(dest[0]));
 			dest += to->rep->ns_numrrsets;
-			memcpy(dest, from->rep->rrsets+from->rep->an_numrrsets,
-				from->rep->ns_numrrsets * sizeof(dest[0]));
+			for(i=0; i<from->rep->ns_numrrsets; i++) {
+				dest[i] = packed_rrset_copy_region(
+					from->rep->rrsets[
+					from->rep->an_numrrsets+i],
+					forq->region, 0);
+				if(!dest[i]) {
+					log_err("malloc failed in collect ANY");
+					foriq->state = FINISHED_STATE;
+					return;
+				}
+			}
 			dest += from->rep->ns_numrrsets;
 			/* copy AR */
 			memcpy(dest, to->rep->rrsets+to->rep->an_numrrsets+
 				to->rep->ns_numrrsets,
 				to->rep->ar_numrrsets * sizeof(dest[0]));
 			dest += to->rep->ar_numrrsets;
-			memcpy(dest, from->rep->rrsets+from->rep->an_numrrsets+
-				from->rep->ns_numrrsets,
-				from->rep->ar_numrrsets * sizeof(dest[0]));
+			for(i=0; i<from->rep->ar_numrrsets; i++) {
+				dest[i] = packed_rrset_copy_region(
+					from->rep->rrsets[
+					from->rep->an_numrrsets+
+					from->rep->ns_numrrsets+i],
+					forq->region, 0);
+				if(!dest[i]) {
+					log_err("malloc failed in collect ANY");
+					foriq->state = FINISHED_STATE;
+					return;
+				}
+			}
 			/* update counts */
 			to->rep->rrsets = d;
 			to->rep->an_numrrsets += from->rep->an_numrrsets;
@@ -4395,7 +4503,10 @@ process_response(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct iter_qstate* iq,

 	/* normalize and sanitize: easy to delete items from linked lists */
 	if(!scrub_message(pkt, prs, &iq->qinfo_out, iq->dp->name, 
-		qstate->env->scratch, qstate->env, qstate, ie)) {
+		qstate->env->scratch, qstate->env, qstate, ie,
+		&iq->msg_lame_empty, &iq->msg_lame_referral,
+		(int)((iq->chase_flags&BIT_RD) || iq->chase_to_rd)
+		)) {
 		/* if 0x20 enabled, start fallback, but we have no message */
 		if(event == module_event_capsfail && !iq->caps_fallback) {
 			iq->caps_fallback = 1;
@@ -104,6 +104,11 @@ extern int BLACKLIST_PENALTY;
 #define RTT_BAND 400
 /** Number of retries for empty nodata packets before it is accepted. */
 #define EMPTY_NODATA_RETRY_COUNT 2
+/** max label-strip iterations in DSNS_FIND_STATE (RFC 4035 4.2 parent-NS
+ * search) before giving up; bounds upstream NS sends per client DS.
+ * Means the max number of labels in grandchild to the grandparent zone that
+ * are co-hosted. */
+#define MAX_DSNS_FIND_COUNT    20

 /**
 * Iterator global state for nat64.
@@ -375,6 +380,10 @@ struct iter_qstate {
 	/** if true, already tested for ratelimiting and passed the test */
 	int ratelimit_ok;

+	/** If the last query, that may be a referral, incremented the
+	 * ratelimit counter. */
+	int ratelimit_incremented;
+
 	/**
 	 * The query must store NS records from referrals as parentside RRs
 	 * Enabled once it hits resolution problems, to throttle retries.
@@ -399,6 +408,8 @@ struct iter_qstate {
 	uint8_t* dsns_point;
 	/** length of the dname in dsns_point */
 	size_t dsns_point_len;
+	/** number of label-strip iterations performed in DSNS_FIND_STATE */
+	int dsns_count;

 	/** 
 	 * expected dnssec information for this iteration step. 
@@ -434,6 +445,13 @@ struct iter_qstate {
 	 * already so that it is accepted later. */
 	int empty_nodata_found;

+	/** Store if the answer was empty, but lame, before it became empty.*/
+	int msg_lame_empty;
+
+	/** Store if the answer was a referral, to self, before scrub. So the
+	 * it is not some sort of answer. */
+	int msg_lame_referral;
+
 	/** list of pending queries to authoritative servers. */
 	struct outbound_list outlist;

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * libunbound/authload.h - prototypes for auth load methods.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is open source.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * Neither the name of the NLNET LABS nor the names of its contributors may
+ * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ * specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file
+ *
+ * This file declares the methods that must be implemented to use the
+ * auth load service.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LIBUNBOUND_AUTHLOAD_H
+#define LIBUNBOUND_AUTHLOAD_H
+
+/** The worker routine that services the auth load connection. */
+void worker_auth_load_service_cb(int fd, short bits, void* arg);
+
+#endif /* LIBUNBOUND_AUTHLOAD_H */
@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ struct ctx_query {
        ub_event_callback_type cb_event;
 	/** for async query, the callback user arg */
 	void* cb_arg;
+	/** for async query the unique info */
+	void* unique_info;

 	/** answer message, result from resolver lookup. */
 	uint8_t* msg;
@@ -571,6 +571,8 @@ ub_ctx_async(struct ub_ctx* ctx, int dothread)
 int 
 ub_poll(struct ub_ctx* ctx)
 {
+	if(!ctx || ctx->event_base)
+		return UB_INITFAIL;
 	/* no need to hold lock while testing for readability. */
 	return tube_poll(ctx->rr_pipe);
 }
@@ -578,6 +580,8 @@ ub_poll(struct ub_ctx* ctx)
 int 
 ub_fd(struct ub_ctx* ctx)
 {
+	if(!ctx || ctx->event_base)
+		return -1;
 	return tube_read_fd(ctx->rr_pipe);
 }

@@ -672,6 +676,8 @@ ub_process(struct ub_ctx* ctx)
 	int r;
 	uint8_t* msg;
 	uint32_t len;
+	if(!ctx || ctx->event_base)
+		return UB_INITFAIL;
 	while(1) {
 		msg = NULL;
 		lock_basic_lock(&ctx->rrpipe_lock);
@@ -700,6 +706,8 @@ ub_wait(struct ub_ctx* ctx)
 	int r;
 	uint8_t* msg;
 	uint32_t len;
+	if(!ctx || ctx->event_base)
+		return UB_INITFAIL;
 	/* this is basically the same loop as _process(), but with changes.
 	 * holds the rrpipe lock and waits with tube_wait */
 	while(1) {
@@ -837,6 +845,8 @@ ub_resolve_async(struct ub_ctx* ctx, const char* name, int rrtype,
 	struct ctx_query* q;
 	uint8_t* msg = NULL;
 	uint32_t len = 0;
+	if(!ctx || ctx->event_base)
+		return UB_INITFAIL;

 	if(async_id)
 		*async_id = 0;
@@ -1467,8 +1477,15 @@ ub_ctx_set_event(struct ub_ctx* ctx, struct event_base* base) {
 	
 	lock_basic_lock(&ctx->cfglock);
 	/* destroy the current worker - safe to pass in NULL */
+
+	/* Unlock the cfglock during libworker_delete_event, since it
+	 * calls context_release_alloc, that wants to lock cfglock again.
+	 * Since the event base is used from one thread, the one that
+	 * called this function, it is safe to do so. */
+	lock_basic_unlock(&ctx->cfglock);
 	libworker_delete_event(ctx->event_worker);
 	ctx->event_worker = NULL;
+	lock_basic_lock(&ctx->cfglock);
 	new_base = ub_libevent_event_base(base);
 	if (new_base)
 		ctx->event_base = new_base;	
@@ -651,7 +651,8 @@ int libworker_fg(struct ub_ctx* ctx, struct ctx_query* q)
 	}
 	/* process new query */
 	if(!mesh_new_callback(w->env->mesh, &qinfo, qflags, &edns, 
-		w->back->udp_buff, qid, libworker_fg_done_cb, q, 0)) {
+		w->back->udp_buff, qid, libworker_fg_done_cb, q, 0,
+		&q->unique_info)) {
 		free(qinfo.qname);
 		return UB_NOMEM;
 	}
@@ -732,7 +733,8 @@ int libworker_attach_mesh(struct ub_ctx* ctx, struct ctx_query* q,
 	if(async_id)
 		*async_id = q->querynum;
 	if(!mesh_new_callback(w->env->mesh, &qinfo, qflags, &edns, 
-		w->back->udp_buff, qid, libworker_event_done_cb, q, 0)) {
+		w->back->udp_buff, qid, libworker_event_done_cb, q, 0,
+		&q->unique_info)) {
 		free(qinfo.qname);
 		return UB_NOMEM;
 	}
@@ -870,7 +872,8 @@ handle_newq(struct libworker* w, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t len)
 	q->w = w;
 	/* process new query */
 	if(!mesh_new_callback(w->env->mesh, &qinfo, qflags, &edns, 
-		w->back->udp_buff, qid, libworker_bg_done_cb, q, 0)) {
+		w->back->udp_buff, qid, libworker_bg_done_cb, q, 0,
+		&q->unique_info)) {
 		add_bg_result(w, q, NULL, UB_NOMEM, NULL, 0);
 	}
 	free(qinfo.qname);
@@ -888,7 +891,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int check_ratelimit,
 	struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen, uint8_t* zone,
 	size_t zonelen, int tcp_upstream, int ssl_upstream, char* tls_auth_name,
-	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited)
+	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited,
+	int* ratelimit_incremented)
 {
 	struct libworker* w = (struct libworker*)q->env->worker;
 	struct outbound_entry* e = (struct outbound_entry*)regional_alloc(
@@ -900,7 +904,7 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(struct query_info* qinfo,
 		want_dnssec, nocaps, check_ratelimit, tcp_upstream, ssl_upstream,
 		tls_auth_name, addr, addrlen, zone, zonelen, q,
 		libworker_handle_service_reply, e, w->back->udp_buff, q->env,
-		was_ratelimited);
+		was_ratelimited, ratelimit_incremented);
 	if(!e->qsent) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -985,7 +989,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* worker_send_query(struct query_info* ATTR_UNUSED(qinfo),
 	struct sockaddr_storage* ATTR_UNUSED(addr), socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen),
 	uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone), size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream),
 	int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream), char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name),
-	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * libunbound/remote.h - prototypes for remote control methods.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is open source.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * Neither the name of the NLNET LABS nor the names of its contributors may
+ * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ * specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file
+ *
+ * This file declares the methods that must be implemented to use the
+ * remote control service.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LIBUNBOUND_REMOTE_H
+#define LIBUNBOUND_REMOTE_H
+
+struct comm_reply;
+struct comm_point;
+
+/** fast reload thread commands to remote service thread event callback */
+void fast_reload_service_cb(int fd, short bits, void* arg);
+
+/** fast reload callback for the remote control client connection */
+int fast_reload_client_callback(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int err,
+	struct comm_reply* rep);
+
+/** handle remote control accept callbacks */
+int remote_accept_callback(struct comm_point*, void*, int, struct comm_reply*);
+
+/** handle remote control data callbacks */
+int remote_control_callback(struct comm_point*, void*, int, struct comm_reply*);
+
+/** routine to printout option values over SSL */
+void  remote_get_opt_ssl(char* line, void* arg);
+
+#endif /* LIBUNBOUND_REMOTE_H */
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ struct query_info;
 * @param q: which query state to reactivate upon return.
 * @param was_ratelimited: it will signal back if the query failed to pass the
 *	ratelimit check.
+ * @param ratelimit_incremented: set to true if the ratelimit counter
+ *	was increased.
 * @return: false on failure (memory or socket related). no query was
 *      sent.
 */
@@ -78,7 +80,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int check_ratelimit,
 	struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen, uint8_t* zone,
 	size_t zonelen, int tcp_upstream, int ssl_upstream, char* tls_auth_name,
-	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited);
+	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited,
+	int* ratelimit_incremented);

 /** process incoming serviced query replies from the network */
 int libworker_handle_service_reply(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int error,
@@ -126,6 +129,8 @@ void worker_sighandler(int sig, void* arg);
 * @param q: which query state to reactivate upon return.
 * @param was_ratelimited: it will signal back if the query failed to pass the
 *	ratelimit check.
+ * @param ratelimit_incremented: set to true if the ratelimit counter
+ *	was increased.
 * @return: false on failure (memory or socket related). no query was
 *      sent.
 */
@@ -134,7 +139,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* worker_send_query(struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int check_ratelimit,
 	struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen, uint8_t* zone,
 	size_t zonelen, int tcp_upstream, int ssl_upstream, char* tls_auth_name,
-	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited);
+	struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited,
+	int* ratelimit_incremented);

 /** 
 * process control messages from the main thread. Frees the control 
@@ -171,13 +177,4 @@ void worker_start_accept(void* arg);
 /** stop accept callback handler */
 void worker_stop_accept(void* arg);

-/** handle remote control accept callbacks */
-int remote_accept_callback(struct comm_point*, void*, int, struct comm_reply*);
-
-/** handle remote control data callbacks */
-int remote_control_callback(struct comm_point*, void*, int, struct comm_reply*);
-
-/** routine to printout option values over SSL */
-void  remote_get_opt_ssl(char* line, void* arg);
-
 #endif /* LIBUNBOUND_WORKER_H */
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ if [ "$DOWIN" = "yes" ]; then
 	info "git clone --depth=1 --no-tags -b $GITBRANCH $GITREPO unbound"
 	git clone --depth=1 --no-tags -b $GITBRANCH $GITREPO unbound || error_cleanup "git clone failed"
 	cd unbound || error_cleanup "Unbound not exported correctly from git"
-	rm -rf .git .travis.yml .gitattributes .github .gitignore || error_cleanup "Failed to remove .git tracking and ci information"
+	rm -rf .git .gitattributes .github .gitignore || error_cleanup "Failed to remove .git tracking and ci information"

 	# on a re-configure the cache may no longer be valid...
 	if test -f mingw32-config.cache; then rm mingw32-config.cache; fi
@@ -466,9 +466,13 @@ if [ "$DOWIN" = "yes" ]; then
 		|| error_cleanup "Could not configure"
 		set +x
    else
+		# Add -l:libssp:a to statically link libssp if possible.
+		# Put it at the end of LIBS, to satisfy also linked in
+		# dependencies.
 		set -x
 		$configure --enable-debug --enable-static-exe --disable-flto --disable-gost $* $cross_flag \
 		|| error_cleanup "Could not configure"
+		sed -i Makefile -e 's/^\(LIBS=.*\)$/\1 -l:libssp.a/'
 		set +x
    fi
    info "Calling make"
@@ -485,6 +489,7 @@ if [ "$DOWIN" = "yes" ]; then
 		|| error_cleanup "Could not configure"
 		set +x
    else
+		# Do not add -l:libssp:a statically because it is a shared build.
 		set -x
 		$configure --enable-debug --disable-flto --disable-gost $* $shared_cross_flag \
 		|| error_cleanup "Could not configure"
@@ -598,11 +603,13 @@ info "git clone --depth=1 --no-tags -b $GITBRANCH $GITREPO unbound"
 git clone --depth=1 --no-tags -b $GITBRANCH $GITREPO unbound || error_cleanup "git clone failed"

 cd unbound || error_cleanup "Unbound not exported correctly from git"
-rm -rf .git .travis.yml .gitattributes .github .gitignore || error_cleanup "Failed to remove .git tracking and ci information"
+rm -rf .git .gitattributes .github .gitignore || error_cleanup "Failed to remove .git tracking and ci information"

 info "Adding libtool utils (libtoolize)."
 libtoolize -c --install || libtoolize -c || error_cleanup "Libtoolize failed."

+# Turn this off, if the git repo times out for lookups.
+if test "updateconfigsub" = "false"; then
 # https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/config_002eguess.html
 info "Updating config.guess and config.sub"
 wget -O config.guess 'https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=config.git;a=blob_plain;f=config.guess;hb=HEAD'
@@ -616,6 +623,7 @@ if [ `uname -s | grep -i -c darwin` -ne 0 ]; then
        xattr -d com.apple.quarantine config.sub
    fi
 fi
+fi

 info "Building configure script (autoreconf)."
 autoreconf -f || error_cleanup "Autoconf failed."
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
                i+(int)((unsigned int)name[i]) < len) {
                memmove(buf, name + i + 1, (unsigned int)name[i]);
                buf[(unsigned int)name[i]] = 0;
-                PyList_SetItem(list, cnt, PyString_FromString(buf));
+                PyList_SetItem(list, cnt, PyUnicode_FromString(buf));
        }
        i += ((unsigned int)name[i]) + 1;
        cnt++;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@

     list = PyList_New(len);
     for (i=0; i < len; i++) {
-            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, i, PyString_FromString(array[i]));
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, i, PyUnicode_FromString(array[i]));
     }
     return list;
   }
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ struct query_info {
       char buf[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN];
       buf[0] = '\0';
       dname_str((uint8_t*)PyBytes_AsString(dname), buf);
-       return PyString_FromString(buf);
+       return PyUnicode_FromString(buf);
   }
 %}

@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ struct packed_rrset_data {
   PyObject* _get_data_rr_len(struct packed_rrset_data* d, int idx) {
     if ((d != NULL) && (idx >= 0) &&
             ((size_t)idx < (d->count+d->rrsig_count)))
-        return PyInt_FromLong(d->rr_len[idx]);
+        return PyLong_FromLong(d->rr_len[idx]);
     return Py_None;
   }
   void _set_data_rr_ttl(struct packed_rrset_data* d, int idx, uint32_t ttl)
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ struct packed_rrset_data {
   PyObject* _get_data_rr_ttl(struct packed_rrset_data* d, int idx) {
     if ((d != NULL) && (idx >= 0) &&
             ((size_t)idx < (d->count+d->rrsig_count)))
-        return PyInt_FromLong(d->rr_ttl[idx]);
+        return PyLong_FromLong(d->rr_ttl[idx]);
     return Py_None;
   }
   PyObject* _get_data_rr_data(struct packed_rrset_data* d, int idx) {
@@ -555,12 +555,12 @@ struct sockaddr_storage {};

        if (ss->ss_family == AF_INET) {
            const struct sockaddr_in *sa4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)ss;
-            return PyInt_FromLong(ntohs(sa4->sin_port));
+            return PyLong_FromLong(ntohs(sa4->sin_port));
        }

        if (ss->ss_family == AF_INET6) {
            const struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ss;
-            return PyInt_FromLong(ntohs(sa6->sin6_port));
+            return PyLong_FromLong(ntohs(sa6->sin6_port));
        }

        return Py_None;
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ struct sockaddr_storage {};
        }

        sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ss;
-        return PyInt_FromLong(ntohl(sa6->sin6_flowinfo));
+        return PyLong_FromLong(ntohl(sa6->sin6_flowinfo));
    }

    PyObject *_sockaddr_storage_scope_id(const struct sockaddr_storage *ss) {
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ struct sockaddr_storage {};
        }

        sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ss;
-        return PyInt_FromLong(ntohl(sa6->sin6_scope_id));
+        return PyLong_FromLong(ntohl(sa6->sin6_scope_id));
    }
 %}

@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ struct edns_option {
 %inline %{
    PyObject* _edns_option_opt_code_get(struct edns_option* option) {
        uint16_t opt_code = option->opt_code;
-        return PyInt_FromLong(opt_code);
+        return PyLong_FromLong(opt_code);
    }

    PyObject* _edns_option_opt_data_get(struct edns_option* option) {
@@ -729,7 +729,8 @@ struct module_env {
        int check_ratelimit,
        struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen,
        uint8_t* zone, size_t zonelen, int tcp_upstream, int ssl_upstream,
-        char* tls_auth_name, struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited);
+        char* tls_auth_name, struct module_qstate* q, int* was_ratelimited,
+        int* ratelimit_incremented);
    void (*detach_subs)(struct module_qstate* qstate);
    int (*attach_sub)(struct module_qstate* qstate,
        struct query_info* qinfo, struct respip_client_info* cinfo,
@@ -1626,7 +1627,7 @@ int edns_opt_list_append(struct edns_option** list, uint16_t code, size_t len,
        }
        result = PyObject_Call(func, py_args, py_kwargs);
        if (result) {
-            res = PyInt_AsLong(result);
+            res = PyLong_AsLong(result);
        }
 out:
        Py_XDECREF(py_edns);
@@ -1710,7 +1711,7 @@ out:
        }
        result = PyObject_Call(func, py_args, py_kwargs);
        if (result) {
-            res = PyInt_AsLong(result);
+            res = PyLong_AsLong(result);
        }
 out:
        Py_XDECREF(py_qinfo);
@@ -1764,7 +1765,7 @@ out:
        }
        result = PyObject_Call(func, py_args, py_kwargs);
        if (result) {
-            res = PyInt_AsLong(result);
+            res = PyLong_AsLong(result);
        }
 out:
        Py_XDECREF(py_qstate);
@@ -1813,7 +1814,7 @@ out:
        }
        result = PyObject_Call(func, py_args, py_kwargs);
        if (result) {
-            res = PyInt_AsLong(result);
+            res = PyLong_AsLong(result);
        }
 out:
        Py_XDECREF(py_qstate);
@@ -246,14 +246,14 @@ log_py_err(void)
 	}

 	/* And it should be a string all ready to go - duplicate it. */
-	if (!PyString_Check(obResult) && !PyUnicode_Check(obResult)) {
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(obResult) && !PyUnicode_Check(obResult)) {
 		log_err("pythonmod: cannot print exception, "
 			"StringIO.getvalue() result did not String_Check"
 			" or Unicode_Check");
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
-	if(PyString_Check(obResult)) {
-		result = PyString_AsString(obResult);
+	if(PyBytes_Check(obResult)) {
+		result = PyBytes_AsString(obResult);
 	} else {
 		ascstr = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(obResult);
 		result = PyBytes_AsString(ascstr);
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ int pythonmod_init(struct module_env* env, int id)

   pe->data = PyDict_New();
   /* add the script filename to the global "mod_env" for trivial access */
-   fname = PyString_FromString(pe->fname);
+   fname = PyUnicode_FromString(pe->fname);
   if(PyDict_SetItemString(pe->data, "script", fname) < 0) {
 	log_err("pythonmod: could not add item to dictionary");
 	Py_XDECREF(fname);
@@ -487,10 +487,23 @@ int pythonmod_init(struct module_env* env, int id)
      /* for python 3.9 and newer */
      char* fstr = NULL;
      size_t flen = 0;
+      long pos = 0;
      log_err("pythonmod: can't parse Python script %s", pe->fname);
      /* print the error to logs too, run it again */
      fseek(script_py, 0, SEEK_END);
-      flen = (size_t)ftell(script_py);
+      pos = ftell(script_py);
+      if (pos == -1L) {
+         log_err("ftell failed to print parse error: %s: %s",
+            pe->fname, strerror(errno));
+         goto fail_close_file;
+      }
+      flen = (size_t)pos;
+#ifdef SIZE_MAX
+      if(flen > SIZE_MAX-2) {
+		log_err("script file too large");
+		goto fail_close_file;
+      }
+#endif
      fstr = malloc(flen+1);
      if(!fstr) {
 		log_err("malloc failure to print parse error");
@@ -734,6 +734,7 @@ respip_data_answer(enum respip_action action,
 	if(!new_rep)
 		return -1;
 	rp->rk.flags |= PACKED_RRSET_FIXEDTTL; /* avoid adjusting TTL */
+	rp->entry.hash = rrset_key_hash(&rp->rk);
 	new_rep->rrsets[rrset_id] = rp;

 	*redirect_rrsetp = rp;
@@ -899,27 +900,34 @@ respip_rewrite_reply(const struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int rpz_cname_override = 0;
 	char* log_name = NULL;

-	if(!cinfo)
-		goto done;
-	ctaglist = cinfo->taglist;
-	ctaglen = cinfo->taglen;
-	tag_actions = cinfo->tag_actions;
-	tag_actions_size = cinfo->tag_actions_size;
-	tag_datas = cinfo->tag_datas;
-	tag_datas_size = cinfo->tag_datas_size;
-	if(cinfo->view) {
-		view = cinfo->view;
-		lock_rw_rdlock(&view->lock);
-	} else if(cinfo->view_name) {
-		view = views_find_view(views, cinfo->view_name, 0);
-		if(!view) {
-			/* If the view no longer exists, the rewrite can not
-			 * be processed further. */
-			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "respip: failed because view %s no "
-				"longer exists", cinfo->view_name);
-			return 0;
+	if(!cinfo) {
+		/* Internal mesh sub-query (e.g. dns64 A lookup): no
+		 * per-client view/tags, but global response-ip and RPZ
+		 * rpz-ip must still apply. */
+		ctaglist = NULL; ctaglen = 0;
+		tag_actions = NULL; tag_actions_size = 0;
+		tag_datas = NULL; tag_datas_size = 0;
+	} else {
+		ctaglist = cinfo->taglist;
+		ctaglen = cinfo->taglen;
+		tag_actions = cinfo->tag_actions;
+		tag_actions_size = cinfo->tag_actions_size;
+		tag_datas = cinfo->tag_datas;
+		tag_datas_size = cinfo->tag_datas_size;
+		if(cinfo->view) {
+			view = cinfo->view;
+			lock_rw_rdlock(&view->lock);
+		} else if(cinfo->view_name) {
+			view = views_find_view(views, cinfo->view_name, 0);
+			if(!view) {
+				/* If the view no longer exists, the rewrite can not
+				 * be processed further. */
+				verbose(VERB_ALGO, "respip: failed because view %s no "
+					"longer exists", cinfo->view_name);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			/* The view is rdlocked by views_find_view. */
 		}
-		/* The view is rdlocked by views_find_view. */
 	}

 	log_assert(ipset);
@@ -1157,8 +1165,10 @@ respip_operate(struct module_qstate* qstate, enum module_ev event, int id,
 				 * clients. */
 				qstate->is_drop = 1;
 			} else if(alias_rrset) {
-				if(!generate_cname_request(qstate, alias_rrset))
+				if(!generate_cname_request(qstate, alias_rrset)) {
+					errinf(qstate, "Could not generate CNAME request");
 					goto servfail;
+				}
 				next_state = module_wait_subquery;
 			}
 			qstate->return_msg->rep = new_rep;
@@ -1172,6 +1182,7 @@ respip_operate(struct module_qstate* qstate, enum module_ev event, int id,
  servfail:
 	qstate->return_rcode = LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL;
 	qstate->return_msg = NULL;
+	qstate->ext_state[id] = module_finished;
 }

 int
@@ -1268,6 +1279,7 @@ respip_inform_super(struct module_qstate* qstate, int id,
 	return;

  fail:
+	errinf(super, "CNAME lookup failed");
 	super->return_rcode = LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL;
 	super->return_msg = NULL;
 	return;
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * services/authload.h - authoritative zone load thread
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is open source.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * Neither the name of the NLNET LABS nor the names of its contributors may
+ * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ * specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file
+ *
+ * This file contains the auth load thread. This loads authority zone
+ * and RPZ zone information in a thread, in a separate memory structure.
+ * When it is done, the information is swapped over to the running server.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SERVICES_AUTHLOAD_H
+#define SERVICES_AUTHLOAD_H
+#include "util/locks.h"
+#include "util/rbtree.h"
+struct worker;
+struct daemon;
+struct auth_xfer;
+struct module_env;
+struct auth_load_task;
+struct comm_timer;
+
+/**
+ * General information for auth load threads. The number of active threads.
+ */
+struct auth_load_general_info {
+	/** lock on this structure. It is after the auth_zones lock, and
+	 * after the auth_xfer locks. */
+	lock_basic_type lock;
+	/** The number of active auth load threads. */
+	int num_auth_load_threads;
+	/** The number of active downloads, zone transfers in progress.
+	 * These are going to need an auth load thread when done. The counter
+	 * is decremented when the thread and transfer have completed. */
+	int num_auth_transfers;
+	/** The auth zone xfer transfer wait list */
+	struct auth_xfer* wait_transfer_list;
+	/** The last item of the wait_transfer list. */
+	struct auth_xfer* wait_transfer_last;
+	/** To resume from a waiting item, the callback, at zero timeout is
+	 * used. That breaks out of callbacks and handles the items there.
+	 * If the timer is set, this is true. */
+	int resume_timer_enabled;
+	/** The resume timer for the wait_transfer list. */
+	struct comm_timer* resume_timer;
+	/** The worker env for the resume timer. It is set in the event base
+	 * of that worker. */
+	struct module_env* resume_env;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The types of notifications that the auth load thread sends around.
+ */
+enum auth_load_notification_type {
+	/** This is sent to make the auth load thread perform exit */
+	auth_load_notification_exit
+};
+
+/**
+ * The auth load thread. The thread runs to load authority zone information
+ * and RPZ information into memory. It loads into a copy. Then that is swapped
+ * over to the running server. This keeps the server responsive while the
+ * information is loaded.
+ */
+struct auth_load_thread {
+	/** the thread number for the thread,
+	 * must be first to cast thread arg to int* in checklock code. */
+	int threadnum;
+	/** thread id, of the io thread */
+	ub_thread_type tid;
+#ifdef HAVE_GETTID
+	/** thread tid, the LWP id */
+	pid_t thread_tid;
+	/** if logging should include the LWP id */
+	int thread_tid_log;
+#endif
+
+	/** communication socket pair, that sends commands */
+	int commpair[2];
+	/** if the thread has to quit */
+	int need_to_quit;
+	/** the event that listens on the worker to commpair,
+	 * it receives content from the auth load thread. */
+	void* service_event;
+	/** if the event that listens on the worker has
+	 * been added to the comm base. */
+	int service_event_is_added;
+
+	/** the worker that the auth load is connected to */
+	struct worker* worker;
+	/** if the thread is inserted in the tree at the worker. */
+	int tree_inserted;
+	/** the rbtree node for the worker tree of auth load threads. */
+	rbnode_type node;
+
+	/** The task that the thread is working on */
+	struct auth_load_task* task;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The types of tasks that the auth load can perform.
+ */
+enum auth_load_task_type {
+	AUTH_LOAD_TASK_TRANSFER,
+	AUTH_LOAD_TASK_ZONEFILE_READ,
+	AUTH_LOAD_TASK_ZONEFILE_WRITE,
+	AUTH_LOAD_TASK_HTTPCHUNKS
+};
+
+/**
+ * The task for the auth load. The task can be to load a zone transfer, AXFR,
+ * IXFR, from zonefile, and from a http read, from chunks.
+ */
+struct auth_load_task {
+	/** The type of the task */
+	enum auth_load_task_type task_type;
+	/** The task is connected with this worker */
+	struct worker* worker;
+
+	/** The zone name */
+	uint8_t* name;
+	/** The zone namelen */
+	size_t namelen;
+	/** The zone class */
+	uint16_t dclass;
+
+	/** name of the host that the transfer comes from. */
+	char* host;
+	/** file part of the url that the transfer comes from, or NULL. */
+	char* file;
+	/** Set if the host is http transfer, if false it is AXFR or IXFR. */
+	int on_http;
+	/** Set if the transfer is doing IXFR */
+	int on_ixfr;
+	/** Set if the transfer is an IXFR but we detected an AXFR contents */
+	int on_ixfr_is_axfr;
+	/** The zone is an rpz zone. */
+	int is_rpz;
+
+	/** Set if the ixfr failed. (So that there can be backoff to AXFR). */
+	int ixfr_fail;
+
+	/** current serial (from SOA), if we have no zone, 0
+	 * This is for checking the IXFR result. */
+	uint32_t serial;
+
+	/** the data chunks, or NULL, to process. */
+	struct auth_chunk* chunks_first;
+	/** last data chunk */
+	struct auth_chunk* chunks_last;
+	/** size of data in data chunks. */
+	size_t chunks_total;
+
+	/** time taken for the task */
+	struct timeval time_taken;
+	/** time taken for the reload part of the task */
+	struct timeval time_reload;
+	/** memory used for the task */
+	size_t mem_used;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add a new task to be performed by the auth load thread.
+ * It starts a thread.
+ * @param xfr: zone transfer to start for.
+ * @param worker: worker that is connected to the task.
+ * @return false on failure.
+ */
+int auth_load_add_task_xfr(struct auth_xfer* xfr, struct worker* worker);
+
+/**
+ * Add a new task to be performed by the auth load thread.
+ * It starts a thread. This writes to zonefile.
+ * @param name: name of zone, wireformat.
+ * @param namelen: length of name.
+ * @param dclass: class of the zone.
+ * @param env: the module env.
+ * @param chunk_list: for writes after http, the chunk list with data.
+ * @return false on failure to create the thread.
+ */
+int auth_load_add_task_write(uint8_t* name, size_t namelen, uint16_t dclass,
+	struct module_env* env, struct auth_chunk* chunk_list);
+
+/** See if there is a quit signal, true if so. */
+int auth_load_thread_poll_for_quit(struct auth_load_thread* thr);
+
+/**
+ * Create auth load info structure.
+ * @return NULL on failure.
+ */
+struct auth_load_general_info* auth_load_info_create(void);
+
+/**
+ * Delete auth load info structure.
+ * @param auth_load_info: to delete.
+ */
+void auth_load_info_delete(struct auth_load_general_info* auth_load_info);
+
+/**
+ * Grab a new thread from the auth load count.
+ * @param env: with auth_load_info with the active thread count.
+ *	and config file, with configured maximum.
+ * @return false on failure, like too many active, true if successful.
+ */
+int auth_load_info_grab_thread(struct module_env* env);
+
+/**
+ * Release thread from auth load count. It is done.
+ * @param env: with auth_load_info with the active thread count.
+ */
+void auth_load_info_release_thread(struct module_env* env);
+
+/**
+ * Grab a new transfer in progress, this is limited by the auth load count.
+ * @param env: with auth_load_info with the active transfer number.
+ *	and config file, with configured maximum.
+ * @return false on failure, like too many active, true if successful.
+ */
+int auth_load_info_grab_transfer_in_progress(struct module_env* env);
+
+/**
+ * Release transfer from active count. It is done.
+ * @param env: with auth_load_info with the active transfer count.
+ */
+void auth_load_info_release_transfer_in_progress(struct module_env* env);
+
+/**
+ * Make transfer active in the in progress transfer count.
+ * @param xfr: the xfr is in progress
+ * @return false if not possible.
+ */
+int xfr_transfer_grab_active(struct auth_xfer* xfr);
+
+/**
+ * Release active transfer from in progress transfer count.
+ * @param xfr: the xfr is no longer in progress.
+ */
+void xfr_transfer_release_active(struct auth_xfer* xfr);
+
+/**
+ * Add transfer to wait_transfer list. It can not become active right now.
+ * @param xfr: the xfr is put on the wait_transfer list.
+ */
+void xfr_transfer_wait_active(struct auth_xfer* xfr);
+
+/**
+ * Remove xfr from wait_transfer list
+ * @param xfr: the xfr is removed from the wait_transfer list.
+ */
+void xfr_transfer_remove_wait_transfer_list(struct auth_xfer* xfr);
+
+/** The timer callback for the wait_transfer resume timer. */
+void auth_load_resume_timer_cb(void* arg);
+
+/** Schedule pick up of waiting transfers. */
+void auth_load_schedule_waiting_pickup(struct module_env* env);
+
+/** Compare auth load tree entries, in the worker auth load tree. */
+int auth_load_tree_cmp(const void* a, const void* b);
+
+/** Delete tasks for the zone. The write and xfr tasks for that name, class
+ * are sent a quit signal, and the thread is joined, as it exits. */
+void auth_load_del_zone_tasks(struct worker* worker, uint8_t* name,
+	size_t namelen, uint16_t dclass);
+
+/** Stop all the auth load threads. */
+void auth_load_stop_threads(struct daemon* daemon);
+
+#endif /* SERVICES_AUTHLOAD_H */
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ struct auth_probe;
 struct auth_transfer;
 struct auth_master;
 struct auth_chunk;
+struct auth_load_thread;

 /**
 * Authoritative zones, shared.
@@ -144,6 +145,14 @@ struct auth_zone {
 	struct module_env* zonemd_callback_env;
 	/** for the zonemd callback, the type of data looked up */
 	uint16_t zonemd_callback_qtype;
+	/** for the zonemd callback, the unique info */
+	void* zonemd_callback_unique_info;
+	/** if the zonemd callback should write to file */
+	int zonemd_callback_perform_write;
+	/** chunklist to write for chunked transfer. */
+	struct auth_chunk* perform_write_chunk_list;
+	/** The zonemd transfer is an active transfer (for auth load info) */
+	int zonemd_transfer_active;
 	/** zone has been deleted */
 	int zone_deleted;
 	/** deletelist pointer, unused normally except during delete */
@@ -153,6 +162,10 @@ struct auth_zone {
 	struct auth_zone* rpz_az_next;
 	/** previous auth zone containing RPZ data, or NULL */
 	struct auth_zone* rpz_az_prev;
+	/** The maximum auth zone transfer size, in bytes. */
+	size_t max_transfer_size;
+	/** The maximum auth zone transfer time taken, in msec. */
+	int max_transfer_time;
 };

 /**
@@ -283,6 +296,15 @@ struct auth_xfer {
 	 * this is renewed every SOA probe and transfer.  On zone load
 	 * from zonefile it is also set (with probe set soon to check) */
 	time_t lease_time;
+
+	/** The maximum auth zone transfer size, in bytes. */
+	size_t max_transfer_size;
+	/** The maximum auth zone transfer time taken, in msec. */
+	int max_transfer_time;
+	/** the zone is an rpz zone */
+	int is_rpz;
+	/** the number of IXFRs since the last full transfer. */
+	int num_ixfrs;
 };

 /**
@@ -331,6 +353,8 @@ struct auth_probe {

 	/** for the hostname lookups, which master is current */
 	struct auth_master* lookup_target;
+	/** for the lookup, the callback unique info */
+	void* lookup_unique_info;
 	/** are we looking up A or AAAA, first A, then AAAA (if ip6 enabled) */
 	int lookup_aaaa;
 	/** we only want to do lookups for making config work (for notify),
@@ -379,12 +403,27 @@ struct auth_transfer {
 	struct auth_chunk* chunks_first;
 	/** last element in chunks list (to append new data at the end) */
 	struct auth_chunk* chunks_last;
+	/** running total of bytes held in chunks_first..chunks_last */
+	size_t chunks_total;
+	/** start time of the transfer */
+	struct timeval start_time;
+	/** if the transfer is active and in the in progress count. */
+	int active_transfer;
+	/** if the transfer is on the wait_transfer list (it waits to
+	 * become active). */
+	int on_wait_transfer_list;
+	/** If on the wait_transfer list, the previous list item. */
+	struct auth_xfer* wait_transfer_prev;
+	/** If on the wait_transfer list, the next list item. */
+	struct auth_xfer* wait_transfer_next;

 	/** list of upstream masters for this zone, from config */
 	struct auth_master* masters;

 	/** for the hostname lookups, which master is current */
 	struct auth_master* lookup_target;
+	/** for the lookup, the callback unique info */
+	void* lookup_unique_info;
 	/** are we looking up A or AAAA, first A, then AAAA (if ip6 enabled) */
 	int lookup_aaaa;

@@ -518,7 +557,15 @@ void auth_zones_delete(struct auth_zones* az);
 /**
 * Write auth zone data to file, in zonefile format.
 */
-int auth_zone_write_file(struct auth_zone* z, const char* fname);
+int auth_zone_write_file(struct auth_zone* z, const char* fname,
+	struct auth_load_thread* thr);
+
+/** write to zonefile after zone has updated, reacquires z readlock.
+ * The chunk list is freed on return.
+ * If the zone is gone, chunk_list is freed (if non NULL). */
+void zone_write_after_update_reacq(uint8_t* name, size_t namelen,
+	uint16_t dclass, struct module_env* env,
+	struct auth_chunk* chunk_list, struct auth_load_thread* thr);

 /**
 * Use auth zones to lookup the answer to a query.
@@ -828,4 +875,55 @@ void auth_xfer_delete(struct auth_xfer* xfr);
 */
 void xfr_disown_tasks(struct auth_xfer* xfr, struct worker* worker);

+/** count number of open and closed parenthesis in a chunkline */
+int chunkline_count_parens(struct sldns_buffer* buf, size_t start);
+
+/** Clear data in auth zone */
+void auth_zone_clear_data(struct auth_zone* z);
+
+/** Get memory usage of auth zone */
+size_t auth_zone_get_mem(struct auth_zone* z);
+
+/** create domain with the given name */
+struct auth_data* az_domain_create(struct auth_zone* z, uint8_t* nm,
+	size_t nmlen);
+
+/** helper traverse to delete zones */
+void auth_data_del(rbnode_type* n, void* arg);
+
+/** Pick up xfr task from wait_transfer resumption. xfr is locked on entry,
+ * unlocked at return. */
+void xfr_pick_up_transfer(struct auth_xfer* xfr, struct module_env* env);
+
+/** Handle the end of an auth load task. */
+void xfr_process_load_end_transfer(struct auth_xfer* xfr,
+	struct module_env* env, uint8_t status, int ixfr_fail,
+	struct timeval* time_taken, struct timeval* time_reload,
+	size_t mem_used, size_t chunks_total, struct auth_chunk* chunk_list);
+
+/** Handle the end of an auth load task to write. */
+void auth_zone_process_load_end_write(struct module_env* env);
+
+/** Log preview of http transfer */
+void xfr_http_preview(const char* file, struct auth_chunk* chunk_list);
+
+/** Check syntax of first part of the http download */
+int xfr_http_syntax_check(uint8_t* name, size_t namelen, uint16_t dclass,
+	const char* host, const char* file, struct auth_chunk* chunk_list,
+	struct sldns_buffer* scratch_buffer);
+
+/** Apply http transfer to auth_zone */
+int xfr_apply_http(uint8_t* name, size_t namelen, const char* host,
+	const char* file, struct auth_chunk* chunk_list, struct auth_zone* z,
+	struct sldns_buffer* scratch_buffer, struct auth_load_thread* thr);
+
+/** Apply IXFR transfer to auth_zone */
+int xfr_apply_ixfr(struct auth_chunk* chunk_list, uint32_t xfr_serial,
+	struct auth_zone* z, struct sldns_buffer* scratch_buffer,
+	struct auth_load_thread* thr);
+
+/** Apply AXFR transfer to auth_zone */
+int xfr_apply_axfr(struct auth_chunk* chunk_list, struct auth_zone* z,
+	struct sldns_buffer* scratch_buffer, struct auth_load_thread* thr);
+
 #endif /* SERVICES_AUTHZONE_H */
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "iterator/iter_utils.h"
 #include "validator/val_nsec.h"
 #include "validator/val_utils.h"
+#include "iterator/iter_utils.h"
 #include "services/cache/dns.h"
 #include "services/cache/rrset.h"
 #include "util/data/msgparse.h"
@@ -94,7 +95,8 @@ store_rrsets(struct module_env* env, struct reply_info* rep, time_t now,
 		case 2: /* ref updated, cache is superior */
 			if(region) {
 				struct ub_packed_rrset_key* ck;
-				lock_rw_rdlock(&rep->ref[i].key->entry.lock);
+				/* the entry is already readlocked from the
+				 * check in rrset_cache_update. */
 				/* if deleted rrset, do not copy it */
 				if(rep->ref[i].key->id == 0 ||
 					rep->ref[i].id != rep->ref[i].key->id)
@@ -115,6 +117,8 @@ store_rrsets(struct module_env* env, struct reply_info* rep, time_t now,
 						qrep->serve_expired_ttl = qrep->ttl + SERVE_EXPIRED_TTL;
 					}
 				}
+			} else {
+				lock_rw_unlock(&rep->ref[i].key->entry.lock);
 			}
 			/* no break: also copy key item */
 			/* the line below is matched by gcc regex and silences
@@ -586,8 +590,12 @@ dns_cache_find_delegation(struct module_env* env, uint8_t* qname,
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	if(!delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, nskey, 0))
+	if(!delegpt_rrset_add_ns(dp, region, nskey, 0,
+		deleg_port_number(env))) {
+		lock_rw_unlock(&nskey->entry.lock);
 		log_err("find_delegation: addns out of memory");
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	lock_rw_unlock(&nskey->entry.lock); /* first unlock before next lookup*/
 	/* find and add DS/NSEC (if any) */
 	if(msg)
@@ -672,7 +680,7 @@ tomsg(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* q, struct reply_info* r,
 		rrset_array_unlock(r->ref, r->rrset_count);
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	if(r->security == sec_status_secure && !reply_all_rrsets_secure(r)) {
+	if(r->security == sec_status_secure && !reply_an_ns_rrsets_secure(r)) {
 		/* message rrsets have changed status, revalidate */
 		rrset_array_unlock(r->ref, r->rrset_count);
 		return NULL;
@@ -782,11 +790,16 @@ synth_dname_msg(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset, struct regional* region,
 	uint8_t* newname, *dtarg = NULL;
 	size_t newlen, dtarglen;
 	time_t rr_ttl;
+	int graceperiod = 0;
 	if(TTL_IS_EXPIRED(d->ttl, now)) {
 		/* Allow TTL=0 DNAME from upstream within grace period */
 		if(!(rrset->rk.flags & PACKED_RRSET_UPSTREAM_0TTL))
 			return NULL;
 		rr_ttl = 0;
+		/* Since PACKED_RRSET_UPSTREAM_0TTL set the flag that
+		 * the grace period has been applied, this stops the rrset
+		 * from getting stored back into the cache with a bigger TTL.*/
+		graceperiod = 1;
 	} else {
 		rr_ttl = d->ttl - now;
 	}
@@ -814,6 +827,8 @@ synth_dname_msg(struct ub_packed_rrset_key* rrset, struct regional* region,
 	msg->rep->rrsets[0] = packed_rrset_copy_region(rrset, region, now);
 	if(!msg->rep->rrsets[0]) /* copy DNAME */
 		return NULL;
+	if(graceperiod)
+		msg->rep->rrsets[0]->rk.flags |= PACKED_RRSET_0TTL_GRACE;
 	/* synth CNAME rrset */
 	get_cname_target(rrset, &dtarg, &dtarglen);
 	if(!dtarg)
@@ -1196,9 +1211,9 @@ dns_cache_store(struct module_env* env, struct query_info* msgqinf,
 				rep->rrsets[i]->entry.data, *env->now);
 			ref.key = rep->rrsets[i];
 			ref.id = rep->rrsets[i]->id;
-			/*ignore ret: it was in the cache, ref updated */
+			/* if it was in the cache, ref updated */
 			/* no leeway for typeNS */
-			(void)rrset_cache_update(env->rrset_cache, &ref, 
+			rrset_cache_update_unlock(env->rrset_cache, &ref,
 				env->alloc,
 				((ntohs(ref.key->rk.type)==LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS
 				 && !pside) ? qstarttime:*env->now + leeway));
@@ -215,6 +215,13 @@ rrset_cache_update(struct rrset_cache* r, struct rrset_ref* ref,
 	int equal = 0;
 	log_assert(ref->id != 0 && k->id != 0);
 	log_assert(k->rk.dname != NULL);
+	if((k->rk.flags&PACKED_RRSET_0TTL_GRACE) !=0) {
+		log_nametypeclass(VERB_ALGO, "rrset store of PACKED_RRSET_0TTL_GRACE rrset skipped", k->rk.dname, rrset_type, ntohs(k->rk.rrset_class));
+		ub_packed_rrset_parsedelete(k, alloc);
+		return 0; /* Do not store 0TTL items after apply of
+			the grace ttl amount.
+			This means the ref was not changed by the call. */
+	}
 	/* looks up item with a readlock - no editing! */
 	if((e=slabhash_lookup(&r->table, h, k, 0)) != 0) {
 		/* return id and key as they will be used in the cache
@@ -232,9 +239,13 @@ rrset_cache_update(struct rrset_cache* r, struct rrset_ref* ref,
 			equal, (rrset_type==LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS),
 			(rrset_type==LDNS_RR_TYPE_A || rrset_type==LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA))) {
 			/* cache is superior, return that value */
+			if(equal) {
+				ub_packed_rrset_parsedelete(k, alloc);
+				/* return readlocked item. */
+				return 2;
+			}
 			lock_rw_unlock(&e->lock);
 			ub_packed_rrset_parsedelete(k, alloc);
-			if(equal) return 2;
 			return 1;
 		}
 		lock_rw_unlock(&e->lock);
@@ -262,6 +273,15 @@ rrset_cache_update(struct rrset_cache* r, struct rrset_ref* ref,
 	return 0;
 }

+void rrset_cache_update_unlock(struct rrset_cache* r, struct rrset_ref* ref,
+	struct alloc_cache* alloc, time_t timenow)
+{
+	int ret = rrset_cache_update(r, ref, alloc, timenow);
+	if(ret == 2) {
+		lock_rw_unlock(&ref->key->entry.lock);
+	}
+}
+
 /** See if the name is a within signer authority */
 static int
 dname_subdomain_rrsig_signers(uint8_t* dname,
@@ -291,6 +311,8 @@ void rrset_cache_update_wildcard(struct rrset_cache* rrset_cache,
 {
 	struct rrset_ref ref;
 	uint8_t wc_dname[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN+3];
+	uint8_t* new_dname;
+	size_t new_dname_len;

 	/* See if the RRSIG signer name allows this wildcard,
 	 * the new rrset should fall within the zone of the RRSIG signer(s). */
@@ -310,20 +332,22 @@ void rrset_cache_update_wildcard(struct rrset_cache* rrset_cache,
 	wc_dname[1] = (uint8_t)'*';
 	memmove(wc_dname+2, ce, ce_len);

-	free(rrset->rk.dname);
-	rrset->rk.dname_len = ce_len + 2;
-	rrset->rk.dname = (uint8_t*)memdup(wc_dname, rrset->rk.dname_len);
-	if(!rrset->rk.dname) {
-		alloc_special_release(alloc, rrset);
+	new_dname_len = ce_len + 2;
+	new_dname = (uint8_t*)memdup(wc_dname, new_dname_len);
+	if(!new_dname) {
+		ub_packed_rrset_parsedelete(rrset, alloc);
 		log_err("memdup failure in rrset_cache_update_wildcard");
 		return;
 	}
+	free(rrset->rk.dname);
+	rrset->rk.dname = new_dname;
+	rrset->rk.dname_len = new_dname_len;

 	rrset->entry.hash = rrset_key_hash(&rrset->rk);
 	ref.key = rrset;
 	ref.id = rrset->id;
-	/* ignore ret: if it was in the cache, ref updated */
-	(void)rrset_cache_update(rrset_cache, &ref, alloc, timenow);
+	/* if it was in the cache, ref updated */
+	rrset_cache_update_unlock(rrset_cache, &ref, alloc, timenow);
 }

 /** Grace period in seconds for TTL=0 DNAME rrsets (RFC 2308: do not cache).
@@ -129,10 +129,16 @@ void rrset_cache_touch(struct rrset_cache* r, struct ub_packed_rrset_key* key,
 * 	1: reference updated, item is inserted in cache.
 * 	2: reference updated, item in cache is considered superior.
 *	   also the rdata is equal (but other parameters in cache are superior).
+ *	   In case 2 the item is returned under a readlock. The caller must
+ *	   unlock.
 */
 int rrset_cache_update(struct rrset_cache* r, struct rrset_ref* ref, 
 	struct alloc_cache* alloc, time_t timenow);

+/** The rrset_cache_update routine that unlocks at end */
+void rrset_cache_update_unlock(struct rrset_cache* r, struct rrset_ref* ref,
+	struct alloc_cache* alloc, time_t timenow);
+
 /**
 * Update or add an rrset in the rrset cache using a wildcard dname.
 * Generates wildcard dname by prepending the wildcard label to the closest
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ make_sock_port(int stype, const char* ifname, int port,
 	int use_systemd, int dscp, struct unbound_socket* ub_sock,
 	const char* additional)
 {
-	char* s = strchr(ifname, '@');
+	const char* s = strchr(ifname, '@');
 	if(s) {
 		/* override port with ifspec@port */
 		int port;
@@ -1341,13 +1341,33 @@ ports_create_if(const char* ifname, int do_auto, int do_udp, int do_tcp,
 	if((is_doq) && !(is_https || is_ssl)) do_tcp = 0;

 	if(do_auto) {
+		enum listen_type auto_port_type;
 		ub_sock = calloc(1, sizeof(struct unbound_socket));
 		if(!ub_sock)
 			return 0;
+		if(is_dnscrypt) {
+			auto_port_type = listen_type_udpancil_dnscrypt;
+			add = "udpancil_dnscrypt";
+		} else if(is_doq) {
+			auto_port_type = listen_type_doq;
+			add = "doq";
+			if(if_listens_on(ifname, port, 53, NULL)) {
+				log_err("DNS over QUIC is strictly not "
+					"allowed on port 53 as per RFC 9250. "
+					"Port 53 is for DNS datagrams. Error "
+					"for interface '%s'.", ifname);
+				free(ub_sock->addr);
+				free(ub_sock);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			auto_port_type = listen_type_udpancil;
+			add = "udpancil";
+		}
 		if((s = make_sock_port(SOCK_DGRAM, ifname, port, hints, 1,
 			&noip6, rcv, snd, reuseport, transparent,
 			tcp_mss, nodelay, freebind, use_systemd, dscp, ub_sock,
-			(is_dnscrypt?"udpancil_dnscrypt":"udpancil"))) == -1) {
+			add)) == -1) {
 			free(ub_sock->addr);
 			free(ub_sock);
 			if(noip6) {
@@ -1366,9 +1386,7 @@ ports_create_if(const char* ifname, int do_auto, int do_udp, int do_tcp,
 		if (sock_queue_timeout && !set_recvtimestamp(s)) {
 			log_warn("socket timestamping is not available");
 		}
-		if(!port_insert(list, s, is_dnscrypt
-			?listen_type_udpancil_dnscrypt:listen_type_udpancil,
-			is_pp2, ub_sock)) {
+		if(!port_insert(list, s, auto_port_type, is_pp2, ub_sock)) {
 			sock_close(s);
 			free(ub_sock->addr);
 			free(ub_sock);
@@ -2133,7 +2151,7 @@ void listen_start_accept(struct listen_dnsport* listen)
 }

 struct tcp_req_info*
-tcp_req_info_create(struct sldns_buffer* spoolbuf)
+tcp_req_info_create(struct comm_base* base, struct sldns_buffer* spoolbuf)
 {
 	struct tcp_req_info* req = (struct tcp_req_info*)malloc(sizeof(*req));
 	if(!req) {
@@ -2141,6 +2159,12 @@ tcp_req_info_create(struct sldns_buffer* spoolbuf)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	memset(req, 0, sizeof(*req));
+	req->read_again_timer = comm_timer_create(base, tcp_read_again_cb, req);
+	if(!req->read_again_timer) {
+		log_err("malloc failure");
+		free(req);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	req->spool_buffer = spoolbuf;
 	return req;
 }
@@ -2150,6 +2174,7 @@ tcp_req_info_delete(struct tcp_req_info* req)
 {
 	if(!req) return;
 	tcp_req_info_clear(req);
+	comm_timer_delete(req->read_again_timer);
 	/* cp is pointer back to commpoint that owns this struct and
 	 * called delete on us */
 	/* spool_buffer is shared udp buffer, not deleted here */
@@ -2167,7 +2192,7 @@ void tcp_req_info_clear(struct tcp_req_info* req)
 	while(open) {
 		nopen = open->next;
 		mesh_state_remove_reply(open->mesh, open->mesh_state, req->cp,
-			NULL);
+			NULL, NULL);
 		free(open);
 		open = nopen;
 	}
@@ -2189,6 +2214,9 @@ void tcp_req_info_clear(struct tcp_req_info* req)
 	req->done_req_list = NULL;
 	req->num_done_req = 0;
 	req->read_is_closed = 0;
+
+	if(comm_timer_is_set(req->read_again_timer))
+		comm_timer_disable(req->read_again_timer);
 }

 void
@@ -3617,7 +3645,7 @@ stream_tree_del(rbnode_type* node, void* arg)
 	stream = (struct doq_stream*)node;
 	if(stream->mesh_state) {
 		mesh_state_remove_reply(stream->mesh, stream->mesh_state,
-			args->conn->doq_socket->cp, stream);
+			args->conn->doq_socket->cp, NULL, stream);
 		stream->mesh_state = NULL;
 	}
 	if(stream->in)
@@ -3639,7 +3667,8 @@ doq_conn_delete(struct doq_conn* conn, struct doq_table* table)
 	lock_rw_unlock(&conn->table->conid_lock);
 	/* Remove the app data from ngtcp2 before SSL_free of conn->ssl,
 	 * because the ngtcp2 conn is deleted. */
-	SSL_set_app_data(conn->ssl, NULL);
+	if(conn->ssl)
+		SSL_set_app_data(conn->ssl, NULL);
 	if(conn->stream_tree.count != 0) {
 		struct doq_stream_tree_del_args args;
 		memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
@@ -3956,7 +3985,7 @@ doq_stream_close(struct doq_conn* conn, struct doq_stream* stream,
 	stream->is_closed = 1;
 	if(stream->mesh_state) {
 		mesh_state_remove_reply(stream->mesh, stream->mesh_state,
-			conn->doq_socket->cp, stream);
+			conn->doq_socket->cp, NULL, stream);
 		stream->mesh_state = NULL;
 	}
 	doq_stream_off_write_list(conn, stream);
@@ -4503,7 +4532,7 @@ doq_stream_reset_cb(ngtcp2_conn* ATTR_UNUSED(conn), int64_t stream_id,
 			"unknown stream %d", (int)stream_id);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if(!doq_stream_close(doq_conn, stream, 0))
+	if(!doq_stream_close(doq_conn, stream, 1))
 		return NGTCP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -4851,7 +4880,7 @@ doq_ssl_server_setup(SSL_CTX* ctx, struct doq_conn* conn)
 	SSL_set_app_data(ssl, conn);
 #endif
 	SSL_set_accept_state(ssl);
-#ifdef USE_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_QUIC_TLS_EARLY_DATA_ENABLED
 	SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled(ssl, 1);
 #else
 	SSL_set_quic_early_data_enabled(ssl, 1);
@@ -4960,6 +4989,7 @@ doq_conn_setup(struct doq_conn* conn, uint8_t* scid, size_t scidlen,
 	rv = ngtcp2_conn_server_new(&conn->conn, &scid_cid, &sv_scid, &path,
 		conn->version, &callbacks, &settings, &params, NULL, conn);
 	if(rv != 0) {
+		conn->conn = NULL;
 		lock_rw_unlock(&conn->table->conid_lock);
 		log_err("ngtcp2_conn_server_new failed: %s",
 			ngtcp2_strerror(rv));
@@ -347,6 +347,10 @@ struct tcp_req_info {
 	int num_done_req;
 	/** list of pending writable result packets, malloced one at a time */
 	struct tcp_req_done_item* done_req_list;
+	/** the read again timer, when the number of pipelined TCP queries
+	 * is large, it waits, zero time, for a new event loop to service
+	 * the remainder of the TCP traffic on the fd. */
+	struct comm_timer* read_again_timer;
 };

 /**
@@ -377,10 +381,12 @@ struct tcp_req_done_item {
 * Create tcp request info structure that keeps track of open
 * requests on the TCP channel that are resolved at the same time,
 * and the pending results that have to get written back to that client.
+ * @param base: comm base for read again timer.
 * @param spoolbuf: shared buffer
 * @return new structure or NULL on alloc failure.
 */
-struct tcp_req_info* tcp_req_info_create(struct sldns_buffer* spoolbuf);
+struct tcp_req_info* tcp_req_info_create(struct comm_base* base,
+	struct sldns_buffer* spoolbuf);

 /**
 * Delete tcp request structure.  Called by owning commpoint.
@@ -386,8 +386,6 @@ new_local_rrset(struct regional* region, struct local_data* node,
 		log_err("out of memory");
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	rrset->next = node->rrsets;
-	node->rrsets = rrset;
 	rrset->rrset = (struct ub_packed_rrset_key*)
 		regional_alloc_zero(region, sizeof(*rrset->rrset));
 	if(!rrset->rrset) {
@@ -408,6 +406,8 @@ new_local_rrset(struct regional* region, struct local_data* node,
 	rrset->rrset->rk.dname_len = node->namelen;
 	rrset->rrset->rk.type = htons(rrtype);
 	rrset->rrset->rk.rrset_class = htons(rrclass);
+	rrset->next = node->rrsets;
+	node->rrsets = rrset;
 	return rrset;
 }

@@ -431,6 +431,10 @@ rrset_insert_rr(struct regional* region, struct packed_rrset_data* pd,
 	pd->rr_ttl = regional_alloc(region, sizeof(*pd->rr_ttl)*pd->count);
 	pd->rr_data = regional_alloc(region, sizeof(*pd->rr_data)*pd->count);
 	if(!pd->rr_len || !pd->rr_ttl || !pd->rr_data) {
+		pd->count--;
+		pd->rr_len = oldlen;
+		pd->rr_ttl = oldttl;
+		pd->rr_data = olddata;
 		log_err("out of memory");
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -446,6 +450,10 @@ rrset_insert_rr(struct regional* region, struct packed_rrset_data* pd,
 	pd->rr_ttl[0] = ttl;
 	pd->rr_data[0] = regional_alloc_init(region, rdata, rdata_len);
 	if(!pd->rr_data[0]) {
+		pd->count--;
+		pd->rr_len = oldlen;
+		pd->rr_ttl = oldttl;
+		pd->rr_data = olddata;
 		log_err("out of memory");
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -671,7 +679,9 @@ lz_enter_rr_str(struct local_zones* zones, const char* rr)
 	z = local_zones_lookup(zones, rr_name, len, labs, rr_class, rr_type, 1);
 	if(!z) {
 		lock_rw_unlock(&zones->lock);
-		fatal_exit("internal error: no zone for rr %s", rr);
+		log_err("internal error: no zone for rr %s", rr);
+		free(rr_name);
+		return 0;
 	}
 	lock_rw_wrlock(&z->lock);
 	lock_rw_unlock(&zones->lock);
@@ -1500,8 +1510,10 @@ find_tag_datas(struct query_info* qinfo, struct config_strlist* list,
 			return 0; /* out of memory */
 		qinfo->local_alias->rrset =
 			regional_alloc_init(temp, r, sizeof(*r));
-		if(!qinfo->local_alias->rrset)
+		if(!qinfo->local_alias->rrset) {
+			qinfo->local_alias = NULL;
 			return 0; /* out of memory */
+		}
 	}
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1567,13 +1579,17 @@ local_data_answer(struct local_zone* z, struct module_env* env,
 			return 0; /* out of memory */
 		qinfo->local_alias->rrset = regional_alloc_init(
 			temp, lr->rrset, sizeof(*lr->rrset));
-		if(!qinfo->local_alias->rrset)
+		if(!qinfo->local_alias->rrset) {
+			qinfo->local_alias = NULL;
 			return 0; /* out of memory */
+		}
 		qinfo->local_alias->rrset->rk.dname = qinfo->qname;
 		qinfo->local_alias->rrset->rk.dname_len = qinfo->qname_len;
 		get_cname_target(lr->rrset, &ctarget, &ctargetlen);
-		if(!ctargetlen)
+		if(!ctargetlen) {
+			qinfo->local_alias = NULL;
 			return 0; /* invalid cname */
+		}
 		if(dname_is_wild(ctarget)) {
 			/* synthesize cname target */
 			struct packed_rrset_data* d, *lr_d;
@@ -1602,8 +1618,10 @@ local_data_answer(struct local_zone* z, struct module_env* env,
 				sizeof(struct packed_rrset_data) + sizeof(size_t) +
 				sizeof(uint8_t*) + sizeof(time_t) + sizeof(uint16_t)
 				+ newtargetlen);
-			if(!d)
+			if(!d) {
+				qinfo->local_alias = NULL;
 				return 0; /* out of memory */
+			}
 			lr_d = (struct packed_rrset_data*)lr->rrset->entry.data;
 			qinfo->local_alias->rrset->entry.data = d;
 			d->ttl = lr_d->rr_ttl[0]; /* RFC6672-like behavior:
@@ -1650,7 +1668,7 @@ local_zone_does_not_cover(struct local_zone* z, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	struct local_data key;
 	struct local_data* ld = NULL;
 	struct local_rrset* lr = NULL;
-	if(z->type == local_zone_always_transparent || z->type == local_zone_block_a)
+	if(z->type == local_zone_always_transparent || z->type == local_zone_block_a || z->type == local_zone_block_aaaa)
 		return 1;
 	if(z->type != local_zone_transparent
 		&& z->type != local_zone_typetransparent
@@ -1661,7 +1679,9 @@ local_zone_does_not_cover(struct local_zone* z, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	key.namelen = qinfo->qname_len;
 	key.namelabs = labs;
 	ld = (struct local_data*)rbtree_search(&z->data, &key.node);
-	if(z->type == local_zone_transparent || z->type == local_zone_inform)
+	if(z->type == local_zone_transparent || z->type == local_zone_inform
+		|| z->type == local_zone_block_a_wdata
+		|| z->type == local_zone_block_aaaa_wdata)
 		return (ld == NULL);
 	if(ld)
 		lr = local_data_find_type(ld, qinfo->qtype, 1);
@@ -1727,7 +1747,8 @@ local_zones_zone_answer(struct local_zone* z, struct module_env* env,
 		|| lz_type == local_zone_always_transparent) {
 		/* no NODATA or NXDOMAINS for this zone type */
 		return 0;
-	} else if(lz_type == local_zone_block_a) {
+	} else if(lz_type == local_zone_block_a ||
+		lz_type == local_zone_block_a_wdata) {
 		/* Return NODATA for all A queries */
 		if(qinfo->qtype == LDNS_RR_TYPE_A) {
 			local_error_encode(qinfo, env, edns, repinfo, buf, temp,
@@ -1736,6 +1757,17 @@ local_zones_zone_answer(struct local_zone* z, struct module_env* env,
 				return 1;
 		}

+		return 0;
+	} else if(lz_type == local_zone_block_aaaa ||
+		lz_type == local_zone_block_aaaa_wdata) {
+		/* Return NODATA for all AAAA queries */
+		if(qinfo->qtype == LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA) {
+			local_error_encode(qinfo, env, edns, repinfo, buf, temp,
+				LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR, (LDNS_RCODE_NOERROR|BIT_AA),
+				LDNS_EDE_NONE, NULL);
+				return 1;
+		}
+
 		return 0;
 	} else if(lz_type == local_zone_always_null) {
 		/* 0.0.0.0 or ::0 or noerror/nodata for this zone type,
@@ -1904,7 +1936,10 @@ local_zones_answer(struct local_zones* zones, struct module_env* env,
 			lzt == local_zone_typetransparent ||
 			lzt == local_zone_inform ||
 			lzt == local_zone_always_transparent ||
-			lzt == local_zone_block_a) &&
+			lzt == local_zone_block_a ||
+			lzt == local_zone_block_aaaa ||
+			lzt == local_zone_block_a_wdata ||
+			lzt == local_zone_block_aaaa_wdata) &&
 			local_zone_does_not_cover(z, qinfo, labs)) {
 			lock_rw_unlock(&z->lock);
 			z = NULL;
@@ -1953,6 +1988,7 @@ local_zones_answer(struct local_zones* zones, struct module_env* env,
 	if(lzt != local_zone_always_refuse
 		&& lzt != local_zone_always_transparent
 		&& lzt != local_zone_block_a
+		&& lzt != local_zone_block_aaaa
 		&& lzt != local_zone_always_nxdomain
 		&& lzt != local_zone_always_nodata
 		&& lzt != local_zone_always_deny
@@ -1984,6 +2020,9 @@ const char* local_zone_type2str(enum localzone_type t)
 		case local_zone_inform_redirect: return "inform_redirect";
 		case local_zone_always_transparent: return "always_transparent";
 		case local_zone_block_a: return "block_a";
+		case local_zone_block_aaaa: return "block_aaaa";
+		case local_zone_block_a_wdata: return "block_a_wdata";
+		case local_zone_block_aaaa_wdata: return "block_aaaa_wdata";
 		case local_zone_always_refuse: return "always_refuse";
 		case local_zone_always_nxdomain: return "always_nxdomain";
 		case local_zone_always_nodata: return "always_nodata";
@@ -2020,6 +2059,12 @@ int local_zone_str2type(const char* type, enum localzone_type* t)
 		*t = local_zone_always_transparent;
 	else if(strcmp(type, "block_a") == 0)
 		*t = local_zone_block_a;
+	else if(strcmp(type, "block_aaaa") == 0)
+		*t = local_zone_block_aaaa;
+	else if(strcmp(type, "block_a_wdata") == 0)
+		*t = local_zone_block_a_wdata;
+	else if(strcmp(type, "block_aaaa_wdata") == 0)
+		*t = local_zone_block_aaaa_wdata;
 	else if(strcmp(type, "always_refuse") == 0)
 		*t = local_zone_always_refuse;
 	else if(strcmp(type, "always_nxdomain") == 0)
@@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ enum localzone_type {
 	local_zone_always_transparent,
 	/** resolve normally, even when there is local data but return NODATA for A queries */
 	local_zone_block_a,
+	/** resolve normally, even when there is local data, but return NODATA for AAAA queries */
+	local_zone_block_aaaa,
+	/** resolve normally, use local data, else return NODATA for A queries */
+	local_zone_block_a_wdata,
+	/** resolve normally, use local data, else return NODATA for AAAA queries */
+	local_zone_block_aaaa_wdata,
 	/** answer with error, even when there is local data */	
 	local_zone_always_refuse,
 	/** answer with nxdomain, even when there is local data */
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ mesh_serve_expired_lookup(struct module_qstate* qstate,
 			"validation");
 		goto bail_out; /* need to validate cache entry first */
 	} else if(msg->rep->security == sec_status_secure &&
-		!reply_all_rrsets_secure(msg->rep) && must_validate) {
+		!reply_an_ns_rrsets_secure(msg->rep) && must_validate) {
 			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "Serve expired: secure entry"
 				" changed status");
 			goto bail_out; /* rrset changed, re-verify */
@@ -424,6 +424,44 @@ mesh_serve_expired_init(struct mesh_state* mstate, int timeout)
 	return 1;
 }

+/** remove a reply without accounting, rollback the add reply. */
+static void
+mesh_remove_reply_without_accounting(struct mesh_state* s,
+	struct mesh_reply* todel)
+{
+	struct mesh_reply* r, *prev = NULL;
+	for(r = s->reply_list; r; r = r->next) {
+		if(r == todel) {
+			if(prev)
+				prev->next = r->next;
+			else	s->reply_list = r->next;
+			r->next = NULL;
+			/* todel is allocated in region */
+			return;
+		}
+		prev = r;
+	}
+}
+
+/** remove a callback without accounting, rollback the add reply. */
+static void
+mesh_remove_callback_without_accounting(struct mesh_state* s,
+	struct mesh_cb* todel)
+{
+	struct mesh_cb* r, *prev = NULL;
+	for(r = s->cb_list; r; r = r->next) {
+		if(r == todel) {
+			if(prev)
+				prev->next = r->next;
+			else	s->cb_list = r->next;
+			r->next = NULL;
+			/* todel is allocated in region */
+			return;
+		}
+		prev = r;
+	}
+}
+
 void mesh_new_client(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	struct respip_client_info* cinfo, uint16_t qflags,
 	struct edns_data* edns, struct comm_reply* rep, uint16_t qid,
@@ -433,7 +471,8 @@ void mesh_new_client(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int unique = unique_mesh_state(edns->opt_list_in, mesh->env);
 	int was_detached = 0;
 	int was_noreply = 0;
-	int added = 0;
+	int added = 0, added_reply_without_accounting = 0, added_tcp = 0;
+	struct mesh_reply* repadded = NULL;
 	int timeout = mesh->env->cfg->serve_expired?
 		mesh->env->cfg->serve_expired_client_timeout:0;
 	struct sldns_buffer* r_buffer = rep->c->buffer;
@@ -544,16 +583,18 @@ void mesh_new_client(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 		}
 	}
 	/* add reply to s */
-	if(!mesh_state_add_reply(s, edns, rep, qid, qflags, qinfo)) {
+	if(!mesh_state_add_reply(s, edns, rep, qid, qflags, qinfo, &repadded)) {
 		log_err("mesh_new_client: out of memory; SERVFAIL");
 		goto servfail_mem;
 	}
+	added_reply_without_accounting = 1;
 	if(rep->c->tcp_req_info) {
 		if(!tcp_req_info_add_meshstate(rep->c->tcp_req_info, mesh, s)) {
 			log_err("mesh_new_client: out of memory add tcpreqinfo");
 			goto servfail_mem;
 		}
 	}
+	added_tcp = 1;
 	if(rep->c->use_h2) {
 		http2_stream_add_meshstate(rep->c->h2_stream, mesh, s);
 	} else if(rep->c->type == comm_doq && rep->doq_stream) {
@@ -575,6 +616,8 @@ void mesh_new_client(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 		}
 	}
 #endif
+	/* Since the acccounting now happens,
+	 * added_reply_without_accounting = 0;   but that is not used. */
 	infra_wait_limit_inc(mesh->env->infra_cache, rep, *mesh->env->now,
 		mesh->env->cfg);
 	/* update statistics */
@@ -614,6 +657,11 @@ servfail_mem:
 	else if(rep->c->type == comm_doq && rep->doq_stream)
 		doq_stream_remove_mesh_state(rep->doq_stream);
 	comm_point_send_reply(rep);
+	if(added_reply_without_accounting) {
+		mesh_remove_reply_without_accounting(s, repadded);
+		if(added_tcp && rep->c->tcp_req_info)
+			tcp_req_info_remove_mesh_state(rep->c->tcp_req_info, s);
+	}
 	if(added)
 		mesh_state_delete(&s->s);
 	return;
@@ -622,7 +670,8 @@ servfail_mem:
 int
 mesh_new_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	uint16_t qflags, struct edns_data* edns, sldns_buffer* buf,
-	uint16_t qid, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg, int rpz_passthru)
+	uint16_t qid, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg, int rpz_passthru,
+	void** unique_info)
 {
 	struct mesh_state* s = NULL;
 	int unique = unique_mesh_state(edns->opt_list_in, mesh->env);
@@ -631,6 +680,7 @@ mesh_new_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	int was_detached = 0;
 	int was_noreply = 0;
 	int added = 0;
+	struct mesh_cb* add_cb = NULL;
 	uint16_t mesh_flags = qflags&(BIT_RD|BIT_CD);
 	if(!unique)
 		s = mesh_area_find(mesh, NULL, qinfo, mesh_flags, 0, 0);
@@ -676,13 +726,14 @@ mesh_new_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 		}
 	}
 	/* add reply to s */
-	if(!mesh_state_add_cb(s, edns, buf, cb, cb_arg, qid, qflags)) {
+	if(!mesh_state_add_cb(s, edns, buf, cb, cb_arg, qid, qflags, &add_cb)) {
 		if(added)
 			mesh_state_delete(&s->s);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	/* add serve expired timer if not already there */
 	if(timeout && !mesh_serve_expired_init(s, timeout)) {
+		mesh_remove_callback_without_accounting(s, add_cb);
 		if(added)
 			mesh_state_delete(&s->s);
 		return 0;
@@ -693,6 +744,7 @@ mesh_new_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 		(mesh->env->cachedb_enabled &&
 		 mesh->env->cfg->cachedb_check_when_serve_expired)) {
 		if(!mesh_serve_expired_init(s, -1)) {
+			mesh_remove_callback_without_accounting(s, add_cb);
 			if(added)
 				mesh_state_delete(&s->s);
 			return 0;
@@ -708,6 +760,8 @@ mesh_new_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 		mesh->num_reply_states ++;
 	}
 	mesh->num_reply_addrs++;
+	if(unique_info)
+		*unique_info = s->unique;
 	if(added)
 		mesh_run(mesh, s, module_event_new, NULL);
 	return 1;
@@ -911,32 +965,9 @@ void mesh_report_reply(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct outbound_entry* e,
 	mesh_run(mesh, e->qstate->mesh_info, event, e);
 }

-/** copy strlist to region */
-static struct config_strlist*
-cfg_region_strlist_copy(struct regional* region, struct config_strlist* list)
-{
-	struct config_strlist* result = NULL, *last = NULL, *s = list;
-	while(s) {
-		struct config_strlist* n = regional_alloc_zero(region,
-			sizeof(*n));
-		if(!n)
-			return NULL;
-		n->str = regional_strdup(region, s->str);
-		if(!n->str)
-			return NULL;
-		if(last)
-			last->next = n;
-		else	result = n;
-		last = n;
-		s = s->next;
-	}
-	return result;
-}
-
 struct respip_client_info*
 mesh_copy_client_info(struct regional* region, struct respip_client_info* cinfo)
 {
-	size_t i;
 	struct respip_client_info* client_info;
 	client_info = regional_alloc_init(region, cinfo, sizeof(*cinfo));
 	if(!client_info)
@@ -955,20 +986,13 @@ mesh_copy_client_info(struct regional* region, struct respip_client_info* cinfo)
 		if(!client_info->tag_actions)
 			return NULL;
 	}
-	if(cinfo->tag_datas) {
-		client_info->tag_datas = regional_alloc_zero(region,
-			sizeof(struct config_strlist*)*cinfo->tag_datas_size);
-		if(!client_info->tag_datas)
-			return NULL;
-		for(i=0; i<cinfo->tag_datas_size; i++) {
-			if(cinfo->tag_datas[i]) {
-				client_info->tag_datas[i] = cfg_region_strlist_copy(
-					region, cinfo->tag_datas[i]);
-				if(!client_info->tag_datas[i])
-					return NULL;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	/* tag_datas is owned by the matched acl_addr in config_file; its
+	 * lifetime is until config reload, which tears down all mesh states
+	 * first. Keep the original pointer so client_info_compare()
+	 * can recognise two states from the same ACL entry. */
+	/* fast reload insists on dropping the queries when interface-tag-data
+	 * or access-control-tag-data are changed. */
+	/* client_info->tag_datas already copied by regional_alloc_init above */
 	if(cinfo->view) {
 		/* Do not copy the view pointer but store a name instead.
 		 * The name is looked up later when done, this means that
@@ -1073,6 +1097,18 @@ mesh_state_make_unique(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 	mstate->unique = mstate;
 }

+/** pop a reply from the reply list, if there are any. */
+static struct mesh_reply*
+mesh_reply_list_pop_first(struct mesh_state* mstate)
+{
+	if(mstate->reply_list) {
+		struct mesh_reply* r = mstate->reply_list;
+		mstate->reply_list = r->next;
+		return r;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 void
 mesh_state_cleanup(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 {
@@ -1088,23 +1124,30 @@ mesh_state_cleanup(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 	}
 	/* drop unsent replies */
 	if(!mstate->replies_sent) {
-		struct mesh_reply* rep = mstate->reply_list;
+		struct mesh_reply* rep;
 		struct mesh_cb* cb;
-		/* One http2 stream could bring down its comm_point along with
-		 * the other streams which could share the same query. Do all
-		 * the http2 stream bookkeeping upfront. */
-		for(; rep; rep=rep->next) {
-			if(rep->query_reply.c->use_h2)
-				http2_stream_remove_mesh_state(rep->h2_stream);
-		}
-		rep = mstate->reply_list;
-		/* in tcp_req_info, the mstates linked are removed, but
-		 * the reply_list is now NULL, so the remove-from-empty-list
-		 * takes no time and also it does not do the mesh accounting */
-		mstate->reply_list = NULL;
-		for(; rep; rep=rep->next) {
+		/* Pop items from the list, that means there is no iterator.
+		 * And then items can be removed from the reply list, from
+		 * like comm_point_drop_reply and comm_point_close calls.
+		 * As the tcp_req_info and http2 code drops the entire
+		 * connection. That could delete mesh_reply items previous and
+		 * after the current state. The previous items are already
+		 * popped. And the next items can be altered, like to when a
+		 * connection has more replies on the reply list.
+		 * The current item is also popped so the code needs to
+		 * remove its references. */
+		while((rep = mesh_reply_list_pop_first(mstate)) != NULL) {
 			infra_wait_limit_dec(mesh->env->infra_cache,
 				&rep->query_reply, mesh->env->cfg);
+			if(rep->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info)
+				tcp_req_info_remove_mesh_state(
+					rep->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info,
+					mstate);
+			else if(rep->query_reply.c->use_h2)
+				http2_stream_remove_mesh_state(rep->h2_stream);
+			else if(rep->query_reply.doq_stream)
+				doq_stream_remove_mesh_state(
+					rep->query_reply.doq_stream);
 			comm_point_drop_reply(&rep->query_reply);
 			log_assert(mesh->num_reply_addrs > 0);
 			mesh->num_reply_addrs--;
@@ -1241,6 +1284,9 @@ int mesh_add_sub(struct module_qstate* qstate, struct query_info* qinfo,
 			log_err("mesh_attach_sub: out of memory");
 			return 0;
 		}
+		/* inherit RPZ passthru from the parent so respip on the sub
+		 * sees the same client-IP/qname PASSTHRU decision */
+		(*sub)->s.rpz_passthru = qstate->rpz_passthru;
 #ifdef UNBOUND_DEBUG
 		n =
 #else
@@ -1465,12 +1511,6 @@ mesh_send_reply(struct mesh_state* m, int rcode, struct reply_info* rep,
 	struct timeval end_time;
 	struct timeval duration;
 	int secure;
-	/* briefly set the replylist to null in case the
-	 * meshsendreply calls tcpreqinfo sendreply that
-	 * comm_point_drops because of size, and then the
-	 * null stops the mesh state remove and thus
-	 * reply_list modification and accounting */
-	struct mesh_reply* rlist = m->reply_list;

 	/* rpz: apply actions */
 	rcode = mesh_is_udp(r) && mesh_is_rpz_respip_tcponly_action(m)
@@ -1527,9 +1567,7 @@ mesh_send_reply(struct mesh_state* m, int rcode, struct reply_info* rep,
 		sldns_buffer_write_at(r_buffer, 0, &r->qid, sizeof(uint16_t));
 		sldns_buffer_write_at(r_buffer, 12, r->qname,
 			m->s.qinfo.qname_len);
-		m->reply_list = NULL;
 		comm_point_send_reply(&r->query_reply);
-		m->reply_list = rlist;
 	} else if(rcode) {
 		m->s.qinfo.qname = r->qname;
 		m->s.qinfo.local_alias = r->local_alias;
@@ -1551,9 +1589,7 @@ mesh_send_reply(struct mesh_state* m, int rcode, struct reply_info* rep,
 		}
 		error_encode(r_buffer, rcode, &m->s.qinfo, r->qid,
 			r->qflags, &r->edns);
-		m->reply_list = NULL;
 		comm_point_send_reply(&r->query_reply);
-		m->reply_list = rlist;
 	} else {
 		size_t udp_size = r->edns.udp_size;
 		r->edns.edns_version = EDNS_ADVERTISED_VERSION;
@@ -1589,9 +1625,7 @@ mesh_send_reply(struct mesh_state* m, int rcode, struct reply_info* rep,
 			error_encode(r_buffer, LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL,
 				&m->s.qinfo, r->qid, r->qflags, &r->edns);
 		}
-		m->reply_list = NULL;
 		comm_point_send_reply(&r->query_reply);
-		m->reply_list = rlist;
 	}
 	infra_wait_limit_dec(m->s.env->infra_cache, &r->query_reply,
 		m->s.env->cfg);
@@ -1743,6 +1777,7 @@ void mesh_query_done(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 	struct reply_info* rep = (mstate->s.return_msg?
 		mstate->s.return_msg->rep:NULL);
 	struct timeval tv = {0, 0};
+	struct mesh_area* mesh = mstate->s.env->mesh;
 	int i = 0;
 	/* No need for the serve expired timer anymore; we are going to reply. */
 	if(mstate->s.serve_expired_data) {
@@ -1763,10 +1798,22 @@ void mesh_query_done(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 		}
 	}

-	if(mstate->reply_list && mstate->s.env->cfg->dns_error_reporting)
+	if(mstate->reply_list && mstate->s.env->cfg->dns_error_reporting
+		&& (!rep || rep->security != sec_status_secure))
 		dns_error_reporting(&mstate->s, rep);

-	for(r = mstate->reply_list; r; r = r->next) {
+	while((r = mesh_reply_list_pop_first(mstate)) != NULL) {
+
+		/* it was not detached (because it had a reply list), could be now */
+		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list
+			&& mstate->super_set.count == 0) {
+			mesh->num_detached_states++;
+		}
+		/* if not replies any more in mstate, it is no longer a reply_state */
+		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list) {
+			log_assert(mesh->num_reply_states > 0);
+			mesh->num_reply_states--;
+		}
 		if(mesh_is_udp(r)) {
 			/* For UDP queries, the old replies are discarded.
 			 * This stops a large volume of old replies from
@@ -1781,22 +1828,18 @@ void mesh_query_done(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 				((int)old.tv_sec)*1000+((int)old.tv_usec)/1000 >
 				mstate->s.env->cfg->discard_timeout) {
 				/* Drop the reply, it is too old */
-				/* briefly set the reply_list to NULL, so that the
-				 * tcp req info cleanup routine that calls the mesh
-				 * to deregister the meshstate for it is not done
-				 * because the list is NULL and also accounting is not
-				 * done there, but instead we do that here. */
-				struct mesh_reply* reply_list = mstate->reply_list;
 				verbose(VERB_ALGO, "drop reply, it is older than discard-timeout");
 				infra_wait_limit_dec(mstate->s.env->infra_cache,
 					&r->query_reply, mstate->s.env->cfg);
-				mstate->reply_list = NULL;
-				if(r->query_reply.c->use_h2)
+				if(r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info)
+					tcp_req_info_remove_mesh_state(
+						r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info,
+						mstate);
+				else if(r->query_reply.c->use_h2)
 					http2_stream_remove_mesh_state(r->h2_stream);
 				else if(r->query_reply.doq_stream)
 					doq_stream_remove_mesh_state(r->query_reply.doq_stream);
 				comm_point_drop_reply(&r->query_reply);
-				mstate->reply_list = reply_list;
 				log_assert(mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_addrs > 0);
 				mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_addrs--;
 				mstate->s.env->mesh->num_queries_discard_timeout++;
@@ -1821,22 +1864,17 @@ void mesh_query_done(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 		/* if this query is determined to be dropped during the
 		 * mesh processing, this is the point to take that action. */
 		if(mstate->s.is_drop) {
-			/* briefly set the reply_list to NULL, so that the
-			 * tcp req info cleanup routine that calls the mesh
-			 * to deregister the meshstate for it is not done
-			 * because the list is NULL and also accounting is not
-			 * done there, but instead we do that here. */
-			struct mesh_reply* reply_list = mstate->reply_list;
 			infra_wait_limit_dec(mstate->s.env->infra_cache,
 				&r->query_reply, mstate->s.env->cfg);
-			mstate->reply_list = NULL;
-			if(r->query_reply.c->use_h2) {
+			if(r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info) {
+				tcp_req_info_remove_mesh_state(
+					r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info, mstate);
+			} else if(r->query_reply.c->use_h2) {
 				http2_stream_remove_mesh_state(r->h2_stream);
 			} else if(r->query_reply.doq_stream) {
 				doq_stream_remove_mesh_state(r->query_reply.doq_stream);
 			}
 			comm_point_drop_reply(&r->query_reply);
-			mstate->reply_list = reply_list;
 			log_assert(mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_addrs > 0);
 			mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_addrs--;
 		} else {
@@ -1877,18 +1915,6 @@ void mesh_query_done(struct mesh_state* mstate)
 		}
 	}

-	/* Mesh area accounting */
-	if(mstate->reply_list) {
-		mstate->reply_list = NULL;
-		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list) {
-			/* was a reply state, not anymore */
-			log_assert(mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_states > 0);
-			mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_states--;
-		}
-		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list &&
-			mstate->super_set.count == 0)
-			mstate->s.env->mesh->num_detached_states++;
-	}
 	mstate->replies_sent = 1;

 	while((c = mstate->cb_list) != NULL) {
@@ -1946,6 +1972,25 @@ struct mesh_state* mesh_area_find(struct mesh_area* mesh,
 	return result;
 }

+struct mesh_state* mesh_area_find_unique(struct mesh_area* mesh,
+	struct respip_client_info* cinfo, struct query_info* qinfo,
+	uint16_t qflags, int prime, int valrec, void* unique_info)
+{
+	struct mesh_state key;
+	struct mesh_state* result;
+
+	key.node.key = &key;
+	key.s.is_priming = prime;
+	key.s.is_valrec = valrec;
+	key.s.qinfo = *qinfo;
+	key.s.query_flags = qflags;
+	key.unique = (struct mesh_state*)unique_info;
+	key.s.client_info = cinfo;
+
+	result = (struct mesh_state*)rbtree_search(&mesh->all, &key);
+	return result;
+}
+
 /** remove mesh state callback */
 int mesh_state_del_cb(struct mesh_state* s, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg)
 {
@@ -1967,7 +2012,7 @@ int mesh_state_del_cb(struct mesh_state* s, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg)

 int mesh_state_add_cb(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
        sldns_buffer* buf, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg,
-	uint16_t qid, uint16_t qflags)
+	uint16_t qid, uint16_t qflags, struct mesh_cb** result)
 {
 	struct mesh_cb* r = regional_alloc(s->s.region,
 		sizeof(struct mesh_cb));
@@ -1991,13 +2036,14 @@ int mesh_state_add_cb(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
 	r->qflags = qflags;
 	r->next = s->cb_list;
 	s->cb_list = r;
+	*result = r;
 	return 1;

 }

 int mesh_state_add_reply(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
        struct comm_reply* rep, uint16_t qid, uint16_t qflags,
-        const struct query_info* qinfo)
+        const struct query_info* qinfo, struct mesh_reply** result)
 {
 	struct mesh_reply* r = regional_alloc(s->s.region,
 		sizeof(struct mesh_reply));
@@ -2078,6 +2124,7 @@ int mesh_state_add_reply(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
 		r->local_alias = NULL;

 	s->reply_list = r;
+	*result = r;
 	return 1;
 }

@@ -2235,8 +2282,29 @@ void mesh_run(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct mesh_state* mstate,
 	enum module_ev ev, struct outbound_entry* e)
 {
 	enum module_ext_state s;
+	int numrun = 0;
 	verbose(VERB_ALGO, "mesh_run: start");
 	while(mstate) {
+		if(numrun++ > MESH_MAX_RUN_ITER) {
+			/* These modules are too much to activate, stop them.*/
+			log_err("Too many module run iterations, deleting");
+			while(mstate) {
+				/* notify supers */
+				if(mstate->super_set.count > 0) {
+					verbose(VERB_ALGO, "notify supers of failure");
+					mstate->s.return_msg = NULL;
+					mstate->s.return_rcode = LDNS_RCODE_SERVFAIL;
+					mesh_walk_supers(mesh, mstate);
+				}
+				mesh_state_delete(&mstate->s);
+				if(mesh->run.count > 0) {
+					/* pop random element off the runnable tree */
+					mstate = (struct mesh_state*)mesh->run.root->key;
+					(void)rbtree_delete(&mesh->run, mstate);
+				} else mstate = NULL;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
 		/* run the module */
 		fptr_ok(fptr_whitelist_mod_operate(
 			mesh->mods.mod[mstate->s.curmod]->operate));
@@ -2388,7 +2456,8 @@ void mesh_list_remove(struct mesh_state* m, struct mesh_state** fp,
 }

 void mesh_state_remove_reply(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct mesh_state* m,
-	struct comm_point* cp, struct doq_stream* doq_stream)
+	struct comm_point* cp, struct http2_stream* h2_stream,
+	struct doq_stream* doq_stream)
 {
 	struct mesh_reply* n, *prev = NULL;
 	n = m->reply_list;
@@ -2397,6 +2466,7 @@ void mesh_state_remove_reply(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct mesh_state* m,
 	if(!n) return; /* nothing to remove, also no accounting needed */
 	while(n) {
 		if(n->query_reply.c == cp
+			&& (!h2_stream || n->h2_stream == h2_stream)
 			&& (!doq_stream || n->query_reply.doq_stream == doq_stream)) {
 			/* unlink it */
 			if(prev) prev->next = n->next;
@@ -2434,7 +2504,6 @@ void mesh_state_remove_reply(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct mesh_state* m,
 	}
 }

-
 static int
 apply_respip_action(struct module_qstate* qstate,
 	const struct query_info* qinfo, struct respip_client_info* cinfo,
@@ -2567,7 +2636,18 @@ mesh_serve_expired_callback(void* arg)
 	if(verbosity >= VERB_ALGO)
 		log_dns_msg("Serve expired lookup", &qstate->qinfo, msg->rep);

-	for(r = mstate->reply_list; r; r = r->next) {
+	while((r = mesh_reply_list_pop_first(mstate)) != NULL) {
+
+		/* it was not detached (because it had a reply list), could be now */
+		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list
+			&& mstate->super_set.count == 0) {
+			mesh->num_detached_states++;
+		}
+		/* if not replies any more in mstate, it is no longer a reply_state */
+		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list) {
+			log_assert(mesh->num_reply_states > 0);
+			mesh->num_reply_states--;
+		}
 		if(mesh_is_udp(r)) {
 		    struct timeval old;
 		    timeval_subtract(&old, mstate->s.env->now_tv, &r->start_time);
@@ -2575,22 +2655,17 @@ mesh_serve_expired_callback(void* arg)
 			((int)old.tv_sec)*1000+((int)old.tv_usec)/1000 >
 			mstate->s.env->cfg->discard_timeout) {
 			/* Drop the reply, it is too old */
-			/* briefly set the reply_list to NULL, so that the
-			 * tcp req info cleanup routine that calls the mesh
-			 * to deregister the meshstate for it is not done
-			 * because the list is NULL and also accounting is not
-			 * done there, but instead we do that here. */
-			struct mesh_reply* reply_list = mstate->reply_list;
 			verbose(VERB_ALGO, "drop reply, it is older than discard-timeout");
 			infra_wait_limit_dec(mstate->s.env->infra_cache,
 				&r->query_reply, mstate->s.env->cfg);
-			mstate->reply_list = NULL;
-			if(r->query_reply.c->use_h2)
+			if(r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info)
+				tcp_req_info_remove_mesh_state(
+					r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info, mstate);
+			else if(r->query_reply.c->use_h2)
 				http2_stream_remove_mesh_state(r->h2_stream);
 			else if(r->query_reply.doq_stream)
 				doq_stream_remove_mesh_state(r->query_reply.doq_stream);
 			comm_point_drop_reply(&r->query_reply);
-			mstate->reply_list = reply_list;
 			log_assert(mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_addrs > 0);
 			mstate->s.env->mesh->num_reply_addrs--;
 			mstate->s.env->mesh->num_queries_discard_timeout++;
@@ -2628,8 +2703,7 @@ mesh_serve_expired_callback(void* arg)
 		if(r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info)
 			tcp_req_info_remove_mesh_state(r->query_reply.c->tcp_req_info, mstate);
 		/* mesh_send_reply removed mesh state from http2_stream. */
-		infra_wait_limit_dec(mstate->s.env->infra_cache,
-			&r->query_reply, mstate->s.env->cfg);
+		/* mesh_send_reply decremented wait_limit. */
 		prev = r;
 		prev_buffer = r_buffer;
 	}
@@ -2648,18 +2722,6 @@ mesh_serve_expired_callback(void* arg)
 		}
 	}

-	/* Mesh area accounting */
-	if(mstate->reply_list) {
-		mstate->reply_list = NULL;
-		if(!mstate->reply_list && !mstate->cb_list) {
-			log_assert(mesh->num_reply_states > 0);
-			mesh->num_reply_states--;
-			if(mstate->super_set.count == 0) {
-				mesh->num_detached_states++;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	while((c = mstate->cb_list) != NULL) {
 		/* take this cb off the list; so that the list can be
 		 * changed, eg. by adds from the callback routine */
@@ -2692,13 +2754,30 @@ int mesh_jostle_exceeded(struct mesh_area* mesh)
 }

 void mesh_remove_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
-	uint16_t qflags, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg)
+	uint16_t qflags, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg, void* unique_info)
 {
 	struct mesh_state* s = NULL;
 	s = mesh_area_find(mesh, NULL, qinfo, qflags&(BIT_RD|BIT_CD), 0, 0);
-	if(!s) return;
-	if(!mesh_state_del_cb(s, cb, cb_arg)) return;
+	if(s && mesh_state_del_cb(s, cb, cb_arg))
+		goto removed;
+	if(unique_info) {
+		s = mesh_area_find_unique(mesh, NULL, qinfo,
+			qflags&(BIT_RD|BIT_CD), 0, 0, unique_info);
+		if(s && mesh_state_del_cb(s, cb, cb_arg))
+			goto removed;
+	}
+	/* mesh_area_find builds key.unique=NULL and cannot match a state
+	 * created with mesh_state_make_unique (e.g. subnetcache sets
+	 * env->unique_mesh). Fall back to a linear scan; cb+cb_arg is an
+	 * exact key (mesh_state_del_cb compares both).
+	 * This works for both lookups for zonemd and for hostname authzone. */
+	RBTREE_FOR(s, struct mesh_state*, &mesh->all) {
+		if(s->cb_list && mesh_state_del_cb(s, cb, cb_arg))
+			goto removed;
+	}
+	return;

+removed:
 	/* It was in the list and removed. */
 	log_assert(mesh->num_reply_addrs > 0);
 	mesh->num_reply_addrs--;
@@ -69,6 +69,13 @@ struct respip_client_info;
 */
 #define MESH_MAX_ACTIVATION 10000

+/**
+ * Maximum number of mesh state run items. These are different modules
+ * activated during a mesh run. Any more is likely an infinite loop
+ * in the module. It is then terminated, and states are deleted.
+ */
+#define MESH_MAX_RUN_ITER 10000
+
 /**
 * Max number of references-to-references-to-references.. search size.
 * Any more is treated like 'too large', and the creation of a new
@@ -342,11 +349,14 @@ void mesh_new_client(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 * @param cb_arg: callback user arg.
 * @param rpz_passthru: if true, the rpz passthru was previously found and
 * 	further rpz processing is stopped.
+ * @param unique_info: if nonnull, unique info is passed back to be used
+ *	for the callback remove call. It does not need to be deallocated.
 * @return 0 on error.
 */
 int mesh_new_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	uint16_t qflags, struct edns_data* edns, struct sldns_buffer* buf, 
-	uint16_t qid, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg, int rpz_passthru);
+	uint16_t qid, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg, int rpz_passthru,
+	void** unique_info);

 /**
 * New prefetch message. Create new query state if needed.
@@ -543,6 +553,23 @@ struct mesh_state* mesh_area_find(struct mesh_area* mesh,
 	struct respip_client_info* cinfo, struct query_info* qinfo,
 	uint16_t qflags, int prime, int valrec);

+/**
+ * Find a unique mesh state in the mesh area. Pass relevant flags.
+ *
+ * @param mesh: the mesh area to look in.
+ * @param cinfo: if non-NULL client specific info that may affect IP-based
+ * 	actions that apply to the query result.
+ * @param qinfo: what query
+ * @param qflags: if RD / CD bit is set or not.
+ * @param prime: if it is a priming query.
+ * @param valrec: if it is a validation-recursion query.
+ * @param unique_info: the unique info for the state. NULL can be passed.
+ * @return: mesh state or NULL if not found.
+ */
+struct mesh_state* mesh_area_find_unique(struct mesh_area* mesh,
+	struct respip_client_info* cinfo, struct query_info* qinfo,
+	uint16_t qflags, int prime, int valrec, void* unique_info);
+
 /**
 * Setup attachment super/sub relation between super and sub mesh state.
 * The relation must not be present when calling the function.
@@ -562,11 +589,12 @@ int mesh_state_attachment(struct mesh_state* super, struct mesh_state* sub);
 * @param qid: ID of reply.
 * @param qflags: original query flags.
 * @param qinfo: original query info.
+ * @param result: the allocated reply structure, for rollback.
 * @return: 0 on alloc error.
 */
 int mesh_state_add_reply(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
 	struct comm_reply* rep, uint16_t qid, uint16_t qflags,
-	const struct query_info* qinfo);
+	const struct query_info* qinfo, struct mesh_reply** result);

 /**
 * Create new callback structure and attach it to a mesh state.
@@ -578,11 +606,12 @@ int mesh_state_add_reply(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
 * @param cb_arg: callback user arg.
 * @param qid: ID of reply.
 * @param qflags: original query flags.
+ * @param result: the allocated callback structure, for rollback.
 * @return: 0 on alloc error.
 */
 int mesh_state_add_cb(struct mesh_state* s, struct edns_data* edns,
        struct sldns_buffer* buf, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg,
-	uint16_t qid, uint16_t qflags);
+	uint16_t qid, uint16_t qflags, struct mesh_cb** result);

 /**
 * Run the mesh. Run all runnable mesh states. Which can create new
@@ -683,11 +712,14 @@ void mesh_list_remove(struct mesh_state* m, struct mesh_state** fp,
 * @param mesh: to update the counters.
 * @param m: the mesh state.
 * @param cp: the comm_point to remove from the list.
+ * @param h2_stream: if not NULL, it specifies the h2_stream to match
+ *	for the delete.
 * @param doq_stream: if not NULL, it specifies the doq_stream to match
 *	for the delete.
 */
 void mesh_state_remove_reply(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct mesh_state* m,
-	struct comm_point* cp, struct doq_stream* doq_stream);
+	struct comm_point* cp, struct http2_stream* h2_stream,
+	struct doq_stream* doq_stream);

 /** Callback for when the serve expired client timer has run out.  Tries to
 * find an expired answer in the cache and reply that to the client.
@@ -734,9 +766,10 @@ void mesh_respond_serve_expired(struct mesh_state* mstate);
 * @param qflags: flags from client query.
 * @param cb: callback function.
 * @param cb_arg: callback user arg.
+ * @param unique_info: if not NULL, used to find a unique state for removal.
 */
 void mesh_remove_callback(struct mesh_area* mesh, struct query_info* qinfo,
-	uint16_t qflags, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg);
+	uint16_t qflags, mesh_cb_func_type cb, void* cb_arg, void* unique_info);

 /** Copy the client info to the query region. */
 struct respip_client_info* mesh_copy_client_info(struct regional* region,
@@ -1702,6 +1702,12 @@ static int setup_if(struct port_if* pif, const char* addrstr, size_t numfd,
 	   !netblockstrtoaddr(addrstr, UNBOUND_DNS_PORT,
 			      &pif->addr, &pif->addrlen, &pif->pfxlen))
 		return 0;
+#ifdef INT_MAX
+	if(numfd > (size_t)INT_MAX) {
+		log_err("num_ports exceeds INT_MAX");
+		return 0;
+	}
+#endif
 #ifndef DISABLE_EXPLICIT_PORT_RANDOMISATION
 	pif->shpif = shared_ports_find_if(shp, &pif->addr, pif->addrlen,
 		pif->pfxlen);
@@ -1777,6 +1783,13 @@ outside_network_create(struct comm_base *base, size_t bufsize,
 		outside_network_delete(outnet);
 		return NULL;
 	}
+#ifdef INT_MAX
+	if(num_ports > (size_t)INT_MAX) {
+		log_err("outgoing num_ports exceeds INT_MAX");
+		outside_network_delete(outnet);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+#endif
 #ifndef INET6
 	do_ip6 = 0;
 #endif
@@ -3349,9 +3362,9 @@ serviced_udp_callback(struct comm_point* c, void* arg, int error,
 	if(error == NETEVENT_TIMEOUT) {
 		if(sq->status == serviced_query_UDP_EDNS && sq->last_rtt < 5000 &&
 		   (serviced_query_udp_size(sq, serviced_query_UDP_EDNS_FRAG) < serviced_query_udp_size(sq, serviced_query_UDP_EDNS))) {
-			/* fallback to 1480/1280 */
+			/* fallback to 1472/1232 */
 			sq->status = serviced_query_UDP_EDNS_FRAG;
-			log_name_addr(VERB_ALGO, "try edns1xx0", sq->qbuf+10,
+			log_name_addr(VERB_ALGO, "try edns1xx2", sq->qbuf+10,
 				&sq->addr, sq->addrlen);
 			if(!serviced_udp_send(sq, c->buffer)) {
 				serviced_callbacks(sq, NETEVENT_CLOSED, c, rep);
@@ -3488,7 +3501,8 @@ outnet_serviced_query(struct outside_network* outnet,
 	char* tls_auth_name, struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen,
 	uint8_t* zone, size_t zonelen, struct module_qstate* qstate,
 	comm_point_callback_type* callback, void* callback_arg,
-	sldns_buffer* buff, struct module_env* env, int* was_ratelimited)
+	sldns_buffer* buff, struct module_env* env, int* was_ratelimited,
+	int* ratelimit_incremented)
 {
 	struct serviced_query* sq;
 	struct service_callback* cb;
@@ -3560,6 +3574,7 @@ outnet_serviced_query(struct outside_network* outnet,
 					"delegation point", zone,
 					LDNS_RR_TYPE_NS, LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
 			}
+			*ratelimit_incremented = 1;
 		}
 		/* make new serviced query entry */
 		sq = serviced_create(outnet, buff, dnssec, want_dnssec, nocaps,
@@ -3765,7 +3780,33 @@ setup_comm_ssl(struct comm_point* cp, struct outside_network* outnet,
 		(void)SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(cp->ssl, host);
 	}
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET1_HOST
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET1_DNSNAME
+	if((SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode(outnet->sslctx)&SSL_VERIFY_PEER)) {
+		/* because we set SSL_VERIFY_PEER, in netevent in
+		 * ssl_handshake, it'll check if the certificate
+		 * verification has succeeded */
+		/* SSL_VERIFY_PEER is set on the sslctx */
+		/* and the certificates to verify with are loaded into
+		 * it with SSL_load_verify_locations or
+		 * SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths */
+		/* setting the hostname makes openssl verify the
+		 * host name in the x509 certificate in the
+		 * SSL connection*/
+		struct sockaddr_storage tmpaddr;
+		socklen_t tmpaddrlen = (socklen_t)sizeof(tmpaddr);
+		if(ipstrtoaddr(host, UNBOUND_DNS_PORT, &tmpaddr, &tmpaddrlen)) {
+			if(!SSL_set1_ipaddr(cp->ssl, host)) {
+				log_err("SSL_set1_ipaddr failed");
+				return 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if(!SSL_set1_dnsname(cp->ssl, host)) {
+				log_err("SSL_set1_dnsname failed");
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#elif defined(HAVE_SSL_SET1_HOST)
 	if((SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode(outnet->sslctx)&SSL_VERIFY_PEER)) {
 		/* because we set SSL_VERIFY_PEER, in netevent in
 		 * ssl_handshake, it'll check if the certificate
@@ -3894,7 +3935,8 @@ outnet_comm_point_for_http(struct outside_network* outnet,
 		/* outnet_tcp_connect has closed fd on error for us */
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cp = comm_point_create_http_out(outnet->base, 65552, cb, cb_arg,
+	cp = comm_point_create_http_out(outnet->base,
+		sldns_buffer_capacity(outnet->udp_buff), cb, cb_arg,
 		outnet->udp_buff);
 	if(!cp) {
 		log_err("malloc failure");
@@ -4085,13 +4127,15 @@ static int shared_ports_alloc_ifs(struct shared_ports* shp, char** ifs,
 		size_t done_4 = 0, done_6 = 0;
 		int i;
 		for(i=0; i<num_ifs; i++) {
-			if(str_is_ip6(ifs[i]) && do_ip6) {
+			if(str_is_ip6(ifs[i]) && do_ip6 &&
+				(int)done_6 < shp->num_ip6) {
 				if(!shared_ports_setup_if(&shp->ip6_ifs[done_6],
 					ifs[i], availports, numavailports))
 					return 0;
 				done_6++;
 			}
-			if(!str_is_ip6(ifs[i]) && do_ip4) {
+			if(!str_is_ip6(ifs[i]) && do_ip4 &&
+				(int)done_4 < shp->num_ip4) {
 				if(!shared_ports_setup_if(&shp->ip4_ifs[done_4],
 					ifs[i], availports, numavailports))
 					return 0;
@@ -4112,16 +4156,21 @@ struct shared_ports* shared_ports_create(char** ifs, int num_ifs, int do_ip4,
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	lock_basic_init(&shp->lock);
-	lock_protect(&shp->lock, shp, sizeof(*shp));
+	lock_protect(&shp->lock, &shp->ip4_ifs, sizeof(shp->ip4_ifs));
+	lock_protect(&shp->lock, &shp->num_ip4, sizeof(shp->num_ip4));
+	lock_protect(&shp->lock, &shp->ip6_ifs, sizeof(shp->ip6_ifs));
+	lock_protect(&shp->lock, &shp->num_ip6, sizeof(shp->num_ip6));

 #ifndef DISABLE_EXPLICIT_PORT_RANDOMISATION
 	/* Allocate interfaces */
+	lock_basic_lock(&shp->lock);
 	if(!shared_ports_alloc_ifs(shp, ifs, num_ifs, do_ip4, do_ip6,
 		availports, numavailports)) {
 		log_err("malloc failed");
 		shared_ports_delete(shp);
 		return NULL;
 	}
+	lock_basic_unlock(&shp->lock);
 #else
 	(void)ifs; (void)num_ifs; (void)do_ip4; (void)do_ip6;
 	(void)availports; (void)numavailports;
@@ -4199,6 +4248,9 @@ int shared_ports_fetch_random(struct shared_ports* shp,
 	int portno = 0, my_port = 0;
 	if(!shpif)
 		return 0;
+#  ifdef THREADS_DISABLED
+	(void)shp;
+#  endif
 	lock_basic_lock(&shp->lock);
 	if(udp_connect) {
 		/* if we connect() we cannot reuse fds for a port. */
@@ -4256,6 +4308,9 @@ void shared_ports_return_port(struct shared_ports* shp,
 #ifndef DISABLE_EXPLICIT_PORT_RANDOMISATION
 	if(!shpif)
 		return;
+#  ifdef THREADS_DISABLED
+	(void)shp;
+#  endif
 	lock_basic_lock(&shp->lock);
 	log_assert(shpif->inuse > 0);
 	shpif->avail_ports[shpif->avail_total - shpif->inuse] = port;
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ struct serviced_query {
 		serviced_query_UDP_EDNS_fallback,
 		/** probe to test TCP noEDNS0 (EDNS gives FORMERRorNOTIMP) */
 		serviced_query_TCP_EDNS_fallback,
-		/** send UDP query with EDNS1480 (or 1280) */
+		/** send UDP query with EDNS1472 (or 1232) */
 		serviced_query_UDP_EDNS_FRAG
 	} 	
 		/** variable with current status */ 
@@ -697,6 +697,8 @@ void pending_delete(struct outside_network* outnet, struct pending* p);
 * @param env: the module environment.
 * @param was_ratelimited: it will signal back if the query failed to pass the
 *	ratelimit check.
+ * @param ratelimit_incremented: set to true if the ratelimit counter
+ *	was increased.
 * @return 0 on error, or pointer to serviced query that is used to answer
 *	this serviced query may be shared with other callbacks as well.
 */
@@ -706,7 +708,8 @@ struct serviced_query* outnet_serviced_query(struct outside_network* outnet,
 	char* tls_auth_name, struct sockaddr_storage* addr, socklen_t addrlen,
 	uint8_t* zone, size_t zonelen, struct module_qstate* qstate,
 	comm_point_callback_type* callback, void* callback_arg,
-	struct sldns_buffer* buff, struct module_env* env, int* was_ratelimited);
+	struct sldns_buffer* buff, struct module_env* env, int* was_ratelimited,
+	int* ratelimit_incremented);

 /**
 * Remove service query callback.
@@ -506,24 +506,37 @@ delete_cname_override(struct rpz* r)
 static int
 rpz_apply_cfg_elements(struct rpz* r, struct config_auth* p)
 {
+	enum rpz_action action_override;
 	if(p->rpz_taglist && p->rpz_taglistlen) {
-		r->taglistlen = p->rpz_taglistlen;
-		r->taglist = memdup(p->rpz_taglist, r->taglistlen);
-		if(!r->taglist) {
+		uint8_t* taglist = memdup(p->rpz_taglist, p->rpz_taglistlen);
+		if(!taglist) {
 			log_err("malloc failure on RPZ taglist alloc");
 			return 0;
 		}
+		if(r->taglist)
+			free(r->taglist);
+		r->taglist = taglist;
+		r->taglistlen = p->rpz_taglistlen;
+	} else {
+		/* free taglist, if any */
+		if(r->taglist) {
+			free(r->taglist);
+			r->taglist = NULL;
+			r->taglistlen = 0;
+		}
 	}

 	if(p->rpz_action_override) {
-		r->action_override = rpz_config_to_action(p->rpz_action_override);
+		action_override = rpz_config_to_action(p->rpz_action_override);
 	}
 	else
-		r->action_override = RPZ_NO_OVERRIDE_ACTION;
+		action_override = RPZ_NO_OVERRIDE_ACTION;

-	if(r->action_override == RPZ_CNAME_OVERRIDE_ACTION) {
+	if(action_override == RPZ_CNAME_OVERRIDE_ACTION) {
 		uint8_t nm[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN+1];
 		size_t nmlen = sizeof(nm);
+		struct regional* newr;
+		struct ub_packed_rrset_key* cname_override;

 		if(!p->rpz_cname) {
 			log_err("rpz: override with cname action found, but no "
@@ -536,33 +549,50 @@ rpz_apply_cfg_elements(struct rpz* r, struct config_auth* p)
 				p->rpz_cname);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		r->cname_override = new_cname_override(r->region, nm, nmlen);
-		if(!r->cname_override) {
+		newr = regional_create_custom(sizeof(struct regional));
+		if(!newr) {
+			log_err("malloc failure on RPZ cname override region");
 			return 0;
 		}
+		cname_override = new_cname_override(newr, nm, nmlen);
+		if(!cname_override) {
+			regional_destroy(newr);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		regional_destroy(r->region);
+		r->region = newr;
+		r->cname_override = cname_override;
+	} else {
+		delete_cname_override(r);
 	}
+	r->action_override = action_override;
 	r->log = p->rpz_log;
 	r->signal_nxdomain_ra = p->rpz_signal_nxdomain_ra;
 	if(p->rpz_log_name) {
-		if(!(r->log_name = strdup(p->rpz_log_name))) {
+		char* log_name = strdup(p->rpz_log_name);
+		if(!log_name) {
 			log_err("malloc failure on RPZ log_name strdup");
 			return 0;
 		}
+		if(r->log_name)
+			free(r->log_name);
+		r->log_name = log_name;
+	} else {
+		/* free logname, if any */
+		if(r->log_name) {
+			free(r->log_name);
+			r->log_name = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 	return 1;
 }

 struct rpz*
-rpz_create(struct config_auth* p)
+rpz_create_empty(void)
 {
 	struct rpz* r = calloc(1, sizeof(*r));
 	if(!r)
-		goto err;
-
-	r->region = regional_create_custom(sizeof(struct regional));
-	if(!r->region) {
-		goto err;
-	}
+		return NULL;

 	if(!(r->local_zones = local_zones_create())){
 		goto err;
@@ -586,6 +616,35 @@ rpz_create(struct config_auth* p)
 	if(r->ns_set == NULL) {
 		goto err;
 	}
+	return r;
+err:
+	if(r) {
+		if(r->local_zones)
+			local_zones_delete(r->local_zones);
+		if(r->nsdname_zones)
+			local_zones_delete(r->nsdname_zones);
+		if(r->respip_set)
+			respip_set_delete(r->respip_set);
+		if(r->client_set != NULL)
+			rpz_clientip_synthesized_set_delete(r->client_set);
+		if(r->ns_set != NULL)
+			rpz_clientip_synthesized_set_delete(r->ns_set);
+		free(r);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct rpz*
+rpz_create(struct config_auth* p)
+{
+	struct rpz* r = rpz_create_empty();
+	if(!r)
+		goto err;
+
+	r->region = regional_create_custom(sizeof(struct regional));
+	if(!r->region) {
+		goto err;
+	}

 	if(!rpz_apply_cfg_elements(r, p))
 		goto err;
@@ -616,22 +675,6 @@ rpz_config(struct rpz* r, struct config_auth* p)
 {
 	/* If the zonefile changes, it is read later, after which
 	 * rpz_clear and rpz_finish_config is called. */
-
-	/* free taglist, if any */
-	if(r->taglist) {
-		free(r->taglist);
-		r->taglist = NULL;
-		r->taglistlen = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* free logname, if any */
-	if(r->log_name) {
-		free(r->log_name);
-		r->log_name = NULL;
-	}
-
-	delete_cname_override(r);
-
 	if(!rpz_apply_cfg_elements(r, p))
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
@@ -721,13 +764,22 @@ rpz_insert_local_zones_trigger(struct local_zones* lz, uint8_t* dname,
 		char* rrstr = sldns_wire2str_rr(rr, rr_len);
 		if(rrstr == NULL) {
 			log_err("malloc error while inserting rpz nsdname trigger");
-			free(dname);
+			if(!newzone)
+				free(dname);
 			lock_rw_unlock(&lz->lock);
 			return;
 		}
 		lock_rw_wrlock(&z->lock);
-		local_zone_enter_rr(z, dname, dnamelen, dnamelabs, rrtype,
-				    rrclass, ttl, rdata, rdata_len, rrstr);
+		if(!local_zone_enter_rr(z, dname, dnamelen, dnamelabs, rrtype,
+				    rrclass, ttl, rdata, rdata_len, rrstr)) {
+			log_err("rpz: could not enter local-data: %s", rrstr);
+			if(!newzone)
+				free(dname);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&z->lock);
+			lock_rw_unlock(&lz->lock);
+			free(rrstr);
+			return;
+		}
 		lock_rw_unlock(&z->lock);
 		free(rrstr);
 	}
@@ -805,8 +857,9 @@ rpz_insert_nsdname_trigger(struct rpz* r, uint8_t* dname, size_t dnamelen,
 	uint8_t* dname_stripped = NULL;
 	size_t dnamelen_stripped = 0;

-	rpz_strip_nsdname_suffix(dname, dnamelen, &dname_stripped,
-		&dnamelen_stripped);
+	if(!rpz_strip_nsdname_suffix(dname, dnamelen, &dname_stripped,
+		&dnamelen_stripped))
+		return;
 	if(a == RPZ_INVALID_ACTION) {
 		verbose(VERB_ALGO, "rpz: skipping invalid action");
 		free(dname_stripped);
@@ -904,8 +957,8 @@ rpz_report_rrset_error(const char* msg, uint8_t* rr, size_t rr_len) {

 /* from localzone.c; difference is we don't have a dname */
 static struct local_rrset*
-rpz_clientip_new_rrset(struct regional* region,
-	struct clientip_synthesized_rr* raddr, uint16_t rrtype, uint16_t rrclass)
+rpz_clientip_new_rrset(struct regional* region, uint16_t rrtype,
+	uint16_t rrclass)
 {
 	struct packed_rrset_data* pd;
 	struct local_rrset* rrset = (struct local_rrset*)
@@ -914,8 +967,6 @@ rpz_clientip_new_rrset(struct regional* region,
 		log_err("out of memory");
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	rrset->next = raddr->data;
-	raddr->data = rrset;
 	rrset->rrset = (struct ub_packed_rrset_key*)
 		regional_alloc_zero(region, sizeof(*rrset->rrset));
 	if(rrset->rrset == NULL) {
@@ -954,12 +1005,18 @@ rpz_clientip_enter_rr(struct regional* region, struct clientip_synthesized_rr* r
 		return 0;
 	}

-	rrset = rpz_clientip_new_rrset(region, raddr, rrtype, rrclass);
-	if(raddr->data == NULL) {
+	rrset = rpz_clientip_new_rrset(region, rrtype, rrclass);
+	if(rrset == NULL) {
 		return 0;
 	}

-	return rrset_insert_rr(region, rrset->rrset->entry.data, rdata, rdata_len, ttl, "");
+	if(!rrset_insert_rr(region, rrset->rrset->entry.data, rdata, rdata_len, ttl, ""))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Link in now that the allocations have succeeded. */
+	rrset->next = raddr->data;
+	raddr->data = rrset;
+	return 1;
 }

 static int
@@ -982,7 +1039,6 @@ rpz_clientip_insert_trigger_rr(struct clientip_synthesized_rrset* set, struct so
 	lock_rw_wrlock(&node->lock);
 	lock_rw_unlock(&set->lock);

-	node->action = a;
 	if(a == RPZ_LOCAL_DATA_ACTION) {
 		if(!rpz_clientip_enter_rr(set->region, node, rrtype,
 			rrclass, ttl, rdata, rdata_len)) {
@@ -992,6 +1048,7 @@ rpz_clientip_insert_trigger_rr(struct clientip_synthesized_rrset* set, struct so
 		}

 	}
+	node->action = a;

 	lock_rw_unlock(&node->lock);

@@ -1977,8 +2034,9 @@ rpz_synthesize_nodata(struct rpz* ATTR_UNUSED(r), struct module_qstate* ms,
 					     0, /* total */
 					     sec_status_insecure,
 					     LDNS_EDE_NONE);
-	if(msg->rep)
-		msg->rep->authoritative = 1;
+	if(!msg->rep)
+		return NULL;
+	msg->rep->authoritative = 1;
 	if(!rpz_add_soa(msg->rep, ms, az))
 		return NULL;
 	return msg;
@@ -2008,8 +2066,9 @@ rpz_synthesize_nxdomain(struct rpz* r, struct module_qstate* ms,
 					     0, /* total */
 					     sec_status_insecure,
 					     LDNS_EDE_NONE);
-	if(msg->rep)
-		msg->rep->authoritative = 1;
+	if(!msg->rep)
+		return NULL;
+	msg->rep->authoritative = 1;
 	if(!rpz_add_soa(msg->rep, ms, az))
 		return NULL;
 	return msg;
@@ -2062,6 +2121,7 @@ rpz_synthesize_localdata_from_rrset(struct rpz* ATTR_UNUSED(r), struct module_qs
 	 * actual data. So that the actual network data and fake data
 	 * are kept track of separately. */
 	rp->rk.flags |= PACKED_RRSET_RPZ;
+	rp->entry.hash = rrset_key_hash(&rp->rk);
 	new_reply_info->rrsets[0] = rp;
 	msg->rep = new_reply_info;
 	if(!rpz_add_soa(msg->rep, ms, az))
@@ -2227,6 +2287,7 @@ rpz_synthesize_cname_override_msg(struct rpz* r, struct module_qstate* ms,
 	 * actual data. So that the actual network data and fake data
 	 * are kept track of separately. */
 	rp->rk.flags |= PACKED_RRSET_RPZ;
+	rp->entry.hash = rrset_key_hash(&rp->rk);
 	new_reply_info->rrsets[0] = rp;

 	msg->rep = new_reply_info;
@@ -2833,7 +2894,8 @@ size_t rpz_get_mem(struct rpz* r)
 		m += r->taglistlen;
 	if(r->log_name)
 		m += strlen(r->log_name) + 1;
-	m += regional_get_mem(r->region);
+	if(r->region)
+		m += regional_get_mem(r->region);
 	m += local_zones_get_mem(r->local_zones);
 	m += local_zones_get_mem(r->nsdname_zones);
 	m += respip_set_get_mem(r->respip_set);
@@ -219,6 +219,9 @@ void rpz_delete(struct rpz* r);
 */
 int rpz_clear(struct rpz* r);

+/** Create empty RPZ structure, useful as a proxy for entering data. */
+struct rpz* rpz_create_empty(void);
+
 /**
 * Create RPZ. RPZ must be added to linked list after creation.
 * @return: the newly created RPZ
@@ -67,19 +67,28 @@ sldns_rr_dnskey_key_size_raw(const unsigned char* keydata,
 	case LDNS_RSASHA512:
 #endif
 		if (len > 0) {
+			size_t nlen, offset;
 			if (keydata[0] == 0) {
 				/* big exponent */
 				if (len > 3) {
 					memmove(&int16, keydata + 1, 2);
 					exp = ntohs(int16);
-					return (len - exp - 3)*8;
+					offset = 3;
 				} else {
 					return 0;
 				}
 			} else {
 				exp = keydata[0];
-				return (len-exp-1)*8;
+				offset = 1;
 			}
+			if(exp+offset > len)
+				return 0;
+			nlen = len - exp - offset;
+			/* prefixed zeroes mean a smaller value */
+			while(nlen > 0 &&
+				keydata[len-nlen] == 0)
+				nlen--;
+			return nlen*8;
 		} else {
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ sldns_fget_token_l(FILE *f, char *token, const char *delim, size_t limit, int *l
 	}
 	*t = '\0';
 	if (c == EOF) {
+		if(p != 0 || quoted)
+			return -1;
 		return (ssize_t)i;
 	}

@@ -874,7 +874,14 @@ rrinternal_parse_rdata(sldns_buffer* strbuf, char* token, size_t token_len,

 		rdata_len -= 1;
 		rdata += 1;
-		return sldns_str2wire_check_svcbparams(rdata, rdata_len);
+		status = sldns_str2wire_check_svcbparams(rdata, rdata_len);
+		/* For RFC3597 generic-form input, preserve unprintable records.
+		 * Those could have appeared due to secondary zones, and also
+		 * unbound writing invalid-format records out in generic form.
+		 * If it can be parsed, it fixes the svcparam ordering. */
+		if(was_unknown_rr_format && status != LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_OK)
+			status = LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_OK;
+		return status;

 	}
 	return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_OK;
@@ -1201,7 +1208,7 @@ sldns_str2wire_svcbparam_ipv4hint(const char* val, uint8_t* rd, size_t* rd_len)
 {
 	size_t count;
 	char ip_str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN+1];
-	char *next_ip_str;
+	const char *next_ip_str;
 	size_t i;

 	for (i = 0, count = 1; val[i]; i++) {
@@ -1256,7 +1263,7 @@ sldns_str2wire_svcbparam_ipv6hint(const char* val, uint8_t* rd, size_t* rd_len)
 {
 	size_t count;
 	char ip_str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN+1];
-	char *next_ip_str;
+	const char *next_ip_str;
 	size_t i;

 	for (i = 0, count = 1; val[i]; i++) {
@@ -1317,7 +1324,7 @@ static int
 sldns_str2wire_svcbparam_mandatory(const char* val, uint8_t* rd, size_t* rd_len)
 {
 	size_t i, count, val_len;
-	char* next_key;
+	const char* next_key;

 	val_len = strlen(val);

@@ -1410,6 +1417,7 @@ sldns_str2wire_svcbparam_ech_value(const char* val, uint8_t* rd, size_t* rd_len)
 			return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
 		sldns_write_uint16(rd, SVCB_KEY_ECH);
 		sldns_write_uint16(rd + 2, 0);
+		*rd_len = 4;

 		return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_OK;
 	}
@@ -2302,6 +2310,8 @@ int sldns_str2wire_loc_buf(const char* str, uint8_t* rd, size_t* len)

 	if (isdigit((unsigned char) *my_str)) {
 		s = strtod(my_str, &my_str);
+		if(s > 60.0)
+			return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_SYNTAX;
 	}

 	/* skip blanks before northerness */
@@ -2360,6 +2370,8 @@ north:

 	if (isdigit((unsigned char) *my_str)) {
 		s = strtod(my_str, &my_str);
+		if(s > 60.0)
+			return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_SYNTAX;
 	}

 	/* skip blanks before easterness */
@@ -2392,8 +2404,17 @@ east:
 		longitude = equator - longitude;
 	}

-	altitude = (uint32_t)(strtod(my_str, &my_str)*100.0 +
-		10000000.0 + 0.5);
+	while (isblank((unsigned char) *my_str)) {
+		my_str++;
+	}
+
+	/* altitude */
+	if(!(isdigit((unsigned char) *my_str) || *my_str == '-'))
+		return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_SYNTAX;
+	s = strtod(my_str, &my_str);
+	if(s < -100000.0 || s > 42849672.95)
+		return LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_SYNTAX;
+	altitude = (uint32_t)(s*100.0 + 10000000.0 + 0.5);
 	if (*my_str == 'm' || *my_str == 'M') {
 		my_str++;
 	}
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ char* wsa_strerror(int err);
 #endif

 static const char ICANN_UPDATE_CA[] =
-	/* The ICANN CA fetched at 24 Sep 2010.  Valid to 2028 */
+	/* The ICANN CA fetched at 29 May 2026. Valid to 20 Mar 2045 */
 	"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
 	"MIIDdzCCAl+gAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBdMQ4wDAYDVQQKEwVJQ0FO\n"
 	"TjEmMCQGA1UECxMdSUNBTk4gQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkxFjAUBgNV\n"
@@ -177,6 +177,40 @@ static const char ICANN_UPDATE_CA[] =
 	"15nu5JBSewrCkYqYYmaxyOC3WrVGfHZxVI7MpIFcGdvSb2a1uyuua8l0BKgk3ujF\n"
 	"0/wsHNeP22qNyVO+XVBzrM8fk8BSUFuiT/6tZTYXRtEt5aKQZgXbKU5dUF3jT9qg\n"
 	"j/Br5BZw3X/zd325TvnswzMC1+ljLzHnQGGk\n"
+	"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+	"\n"
+	"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+	"MIIFsTCCA5mgAwIBAgIUQFsYkgroBoe69HKQPy8/DQuiLwgwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEN\n"
+	"BQAwYDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxDjAMBgNVBAoMBUlDQU5OMSYwJAYDVQQLDB1JQ0FO\n"
+	"TiBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0aW9uIEF1dGhvcml0eTEZMBcGA1UEAwwQSUNBTk4gUm9vdCBD\n"
+	"QSB2MjAeFw0yNTAzMjAyMTA0MjZaFw00NTAzMjAyMTA0MjZaMGAxCzAJBgNVBAYT\n"
+	"AlVTMQ4wDAYDVQQKDAVJQ0FOTjEmMCQGA1UECwwdSUNBTk4gQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlv\n"
+	"biBBdXRob3JpdHkxGTAXBgNVBAMMEElDQU5OIFJvb3QgQ0EgdjIwggIiMA0GCSqG\n"
+	"SIb3DQEBAQUAA4ICDwAwggIKAoICAQCepDjrubjR7en/uZWo7MAnzFIIvUPYEc7b\n"
+	"+AlefdlEDQ1JEmpfrvt/4CX9lJ9ShIBR6zwrQeDvrj5XZ2kEjbJ8Nnc6sM/ojdyr\n"
+	"5jSLqcDPH9fJg7jCW02KF8CtqWsnqcW6jjTIZcCWkg9lEixdF8QAjIEgJtZte+Yh\n"
+	"XeyN0KD2EaO8U5Id0bLvMyphuO1OCGKzDtetcX8K7SvoshdJx3lPIlYzqXl0nVAY\n"
+	"iCeNdeDzTNjEOHYJOP6dYoZI8nKRJltMkZcCCjBE2vQuSMY2w4pOlWk1skHjMWXj\n"
+	"QsZzngXuNG56zialL0TPEDVWjWRjzOnruHUAs4KUY8Zs+Nt8JdSlXMi825PKoKpp\n"
+	"ESs7/ZG1mPjVOYp7Z7ntrRjJFgnUBjWzVPOx4yHiJj1ur+OpqP18oP5YfqY+tKmz\n"
+	"7vlfRGGOEd08a0XgZISDNKpMAovn5pRUHTWPCCjc28tns9ODPvr1cQi+QSwTv+v8\n"
+	"wnA5etGrsead88Rv/ieaq5ikMJTRDfW4d9SY2uPcMGvfU6VdQLRhQkzEVTQNAJ1R\n"
+	"i2lOoJbbjwnK+OU9OhST/OqdjJDJAhTAstdUnrr8WBU80xM75MIaaTjSBCvZ1wro\n"
+	"pAi2hYb0tedTH6WarSW3MH9HcEoGGzs2GD3hDB0a2eCp+TdAs8Up944SjY7UV4Jx\n"
+	"sOC7TxbmkQIDAQABo2MwYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU+1EuMRuOZ/ecsfYzNQ+yGZsxZrMw\n"
+	"HwYDVR0jBBgwFoAU+1EuMRuOZ/ecsfYzNQ+yGZsxZrMwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB\n"
+	"/zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAf4wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQENBQADggIBACz38SkKR1WsEZnX\n"
+	"x1BKaS5/oQPw+7quDQCKGoD2Vz7CR7yQh4zQn/Hh0173vKvRWcwN2io0iLJ1ysv5\n"
+	"jXBLeWZh3djiQlXP3iWp4s01SiUwmFssxi3SD1IT2jNosk1xcVWthle9zth7Y8Mp\n"
+	"iUJYnHobP7tX7H2g+I8Rqw2sEX/yPSYMYcdH5a1xRMPOLHTyOaCgevRBBBtXkiAJ\n"
+	"Ob9QKZTaFaXntPXBKNSGkVb2d+2qKyJMrwd0KNI+SVSoIgNDAxkNOdi9x6X6ETW2\n"
+	"4aYFsytohFVkNUXx2eFYRim4yjnD8PHIvDQSofLfSAC5TOERtwUFd+Mw3/di+HCm\n"
+	"50OJPyoxZLjWQCCfNUZzgZZOe+zT6lgBiV3KB0UuuAdq7jGUeH/328HJDi30BvNj\n"
+	"+TNb9Hmpm+ZDguM+f8p7GxapX8AVNu/xErtl4msYiVJrr1qqV+qLLEMwIz0raujG\n"
+	"FFDd6N43wgduffbU20pThry0Y7rku5+RZjUZe/T7ZL+NUKiqXAPufrkqVkjX/8T+\n"
+	"wyNZz8KkiQwkJthojpppa79FDxn/A2M8tt+FQqIONAUPR2m5nurVgftQH0z5ZtDB\n"
+	"YykUlkUiPOJNXoDOIkbpA7lW2wezeY4te+EiSeUZSE541N5QBwaItaonIZsIgn6C\n"
+	"pMnwChV9468oRE20bdqq9+Go7g4E\n"
 	"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";

 static const char DS_TRUST_ANCHOR[] =
@@ -1674,18 +1708,116 @@ static unsigned long
 get_usage_of_ex(X509* cert)
 {
 	unsigned long val = 0;
+#ifdef HAVE_X509_GET_KEY_USAGE
+	val = X509_get_key_usage(cert);
+	if (val == UINT32_MAX)
+		return 0;
+#else
 	ASN1_BIT_STRING* s;
 	if((s=X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_key_usage, NULL, NULL))) {
-		if(s->length > 0) {
-			val = s->data[0];
-			if(s->length > 1)
-				val |= s->data[1] << 8;
+#  ifdef HAVE_ASN1_STRING_GET0_DATA
+		const unsigned char *data = ASN1_STRING_get0_data(s);
+#  else
+		const unsigned char *data = ASN1_STRING_data(s);
+#  endif
+		int len = ASN1_STRING_length(s);
+		if(len > 0) {
+			val = data[0];
+			if(len > 1)
+				val |= data[1] << 8;
 		}
 		ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(s);
 	}
+#endif
 	return val;
 }

+#if !defined(HAVE_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID) || defined(DEPRECATED_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID)
+/** print verbose output about name extension data. */
+static void
+print_name_ext(
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+	const
+#endif
+	X509_NAME* nm, int nid, const char* str)
+{
+	int lastpos = -1;
+	for(;;) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+		const
+#endif
+		X509_NAME_ENTRY* ne;
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+		const
+#endif
+		ASN1_STRING *asn;
+		const unsigned char *data;
+		char buf[1024];
+
+		lastpos = X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID(nm, nid, lastpos);
+		if(lastpos == -1 || lastpos == -2)
+			break;
+		ne = X509_NAME_get_entry(nm, lastpos);
+		if(!ne) continue;
+		asn = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(ne);
+		if(!asn) continue;
+#  ifdef HAVE_ASN1_STRING_GET0_DATA
+		data = ASN1_STRING_get0_data(asn);
+#  else
+		data = ASN1_STRING_data(asn);
+#  endif
+		if(!data) continue;
+		if(ASN1_STRING_length(asn) > (int)sizeof(buf)-1) continue;
+		memcpy(buf, data, ASN1_STRING_length(asn));
+		buf[ASN1_STRING_length(asn)]=0;
+		printf("%s: %s\n", str, buf);
+	}
+}
+#endif /* X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID */
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID) || defined(DEPRECATED_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID)
+/** see if the valid emailaddr is present. */
+static int
+has_valid_emailaddr(
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+	const
+#endif
+	X509_NAME* nm, const char* p7signer)
+{
+	int lastpos = -1;
+	for(;;) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+		const
+#endif
+		X509_NAME_ENTRY* ne;
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+		const
+#endif
+		ASN1_STRING *asn;
+		const unsigned char *data;
+
+		lastpos = X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID(nm,
+			NID_pkcs9_emailAddress, lastpos);
+		if(lastpos == -1 || lastpos == -2)
+			break;
+		ne = X509_NAME_get_entry(nm, lastpos);
+		if(!ne) continue;
+		asn = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(ne);
+		if(!asn) continue;
+#  ifdef HAVE_ASN1_STRING_GET0_DATA
+		data = ASN1_STRING_get0_data(asn);
+#  else
+		data = ASN1_STRING_data(asn);
+#  endif
+		if(!data) continue;
+		if(ASN1_STRING_length(asn) == (int)strlen(p7signer) &&
+			strncmp((char*)data, p7signer, strlen(p7signer)) == 0)
+			return 1; /* match */
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID */
+
 /** get valid signers from the list of signers in the signature */
 static STACK_OF(X509)*
 get_valid_signers(PKCS7* p7, const char* p7signer)
@@ -1705,6 +1837,9 @@ get_valid_signers(PKCS7* p7, const char* p7signer)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	for(i=0; i<sk_X509_num(signers); i++) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+		const
+#endif
 		X509_NAME* nm = X509_get_subject_name(
 			sk_X509_value(signers, i));
 		char buf[1024];
@@ -1717,17 +1852,29 @@ get_valid_signers(PKCS7* p7, const char* p7signer)
 				(int)sizeof(buf));
 			printf("signer %d: Subject: %s\n", i,
 				nmline?nmline:"no subject");
+#if !defined(HAVE_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID) || defined(DEPRECATED_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID)
+			if(verb >= 3) {
+				print_name_ext(nm, NID_commonName,
+					"commonName");
+				print_name_ext(nm, NID_pkcs9_emailAddress,
+					"emailAddress");
+			}
+#else
 			if(verb >= 3 && X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
-				NID_commonName, buf, (int)sizeof(buf)))
+				NID_commonName, buf, (int)sizeof(buf)) > 0)
 				printf("commonName: %s\n", buf);
 			if(verb >= 3 && X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
-				NID_pkcs9_emailAddress, buf, (int)sizeof(buf)))
+				NID_pkcs9_emailAddress, buf, (int)sizeof(buf)) > 0)
 				printf("emailAddress: %s\n", buf);
+#endif
 		}
 		if(verb) {
 			int ku_loc = X509_get_ext_by_NID(
 				sk_X509_value(signers, i), NID_key_usage, -1);
 			if(verb >= 3 && ku_loc >= 0) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x40000000
+				const
+#endif
 				X509_EXTENSION *ex = X509_get_ext(
 					sk_X509_value(signers, i), ku_loc);
 				if(ex) {
@@ -1741,16 +1888,23 @@ get_valid_signers(PKCS7* p7, const char* p7signer)
 			/* there is no name to check, return all records */
 			if(verb) printf("did not check commonName of signer\n");
 		} else {
-			if(!X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
+#if !defined(HAVE_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID) || defined(DEPRECATED_X509_NAME_GET_TEXT_BY_NID)
+			if(!has_valid_emailaddr(nm, p7signer)) {
+				if(verb) printf("removed cert with wrong emailaddress\n");
+				continue; /* wrong name, skip it */
+			}
+#else
+			if(X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
 				NID_pkcs9_emailAddress,
-				buf, (int)sizeof(buf))) {
-				if(verb) printf("removed cert with no name\n");
+				buf, (int)sizeof(buf)) <= 0) {
+				if(verb) printf("removed cert with no emailaddress\n");
 				continue; /* no name, no use */
 			}
 			if(strcmp(buf, p7signer) != 0) {
-				if(verb) printf("removed cert with wrong name\n");
+				if(verb) printf("removed cert with wrong emailaddress\n");
 				continue; /* wrong name, skip it */
 			}
+#endif
 		}

 		/* check that the key usage allows digital signatures
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_GLOB_H
 #include <glob.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_FNMATCH_H
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#endif
 #ifdef WITH_PYTHONMODULE
 #include "pythonmod/pythonmod.h"
 #endif
@@ -728,6 +731,122 @@ check_modules_exist(const char* module_conf)
 	}
 }

+#ifdef USE_IPSECMOD
+/** Compare filename with string, true if it matches the name. */
+static int
+file_string_matches(char* str, char* fname, struct config_file* cfg)
+{
+	char* f;
+	if(!str || str[0] == 0)
+		return 0;
+	/* compare name after chroot and working dir are applied */
+	f = fname_after_chroot(str, cfg, 1);
+	if(!f) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	if(strcmp(fname, f) == 0) {
+		free(f);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	free(f);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* USE_IPSECMOD */
+
+/** Compare filename with list of files, true if list contains the name. */
+static int
+file_list_contains(struct config_strlist* list, char* fname,
+	struct config_file* cfg)
+{
+	struct config_strlist* s;
+	char* f;
+	for(s = list; s; s = s->next) {
+		if(!s->str || s->str[0] == 0)
+			continue; /* skip if no file name */
+		/* compare names after chroot and working dir are applied */
+		f = fname_after_chroot(s->str, cfg, 1);
+		if(!f) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+		if(strcmp(fname, f) == 0) {
+			free(f);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		free(f);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** Compare filename with list of files, true if list contains the name,
+ * with glob compare. */
+static int
+file_list_contains_wild(struct config_strlist* list, char* fname,
+	struct config_file* cfg)
+{
+	struct config_strlist* s;
+	char* f;
+	for(s = list; s; s = s->next) {
+		if(!s->str || s->str[0] == 0)
+			continue; /* skip if no file name */
+		/* compare names after chroot and working dir are applied */
+		f = fname_after_chroot(s->str, cfg, 1);
+		if(!f) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+		if(strcmp(fname, f) == 0) {
+			free(f);
+			return 1;
+		}
+#ifdef HAVE_FNMATCH
+		if(fnmatch(f, fname, 0) == 0) {
+			log_err("trusted-keys-file: \"%s\" matches zonefile '%s'",
+				s->str, fname);
+			free(f);
+			return 1;
+		}
+#endif
+		free(f);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** Check if the auth-zone/rpz zonefile: conflicts with other files,
+ * so it would overwrite that file. Refuse it aliasing any read-side bootstrap
+ * file. */
+static void
+check_file_clobber(struct config_file* cfg)
+{
+	struct config_auth* p;
+	char* zfile, *sourceopt = NULL;
+	for(p = cfg->auths; p; p = p->next) {
+		if(!p->name || p->name[0] == 0)
+			continue; /* skip if no name */
+		if(!p->zonefile || p->zonefile[0]==0)
+			continue; /* no zone file */
+		zfile = fname_after_chroot(p->zonefile, cfg, 1);
+		if(!zfile) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+		if(file_list_contains(cfg->auto_trust_anchor_file_list, zfile,
+			cfg))
+			sourceopt = "auto-trust-anchor-file";
+		else if(file_list_contains(cfg->trust_anchor_file_list, zfile,
+			cfg))
+			sourceopt = "trust-anchor-file";
+		else if(file_list_contains_wild(cfg->trusted_keys_file_list,
+			zfile, cfg))
+			sourceopt = "trusted-keys-file";
+		else if(file_list_contains(cfg->root_hints, zfile, cfg))
+			sourceopt = "root-hints";
+		else if(file_list_contains(cfg->tls_session_ticket_keys.first,
+			zfile, cfg))
+			sourceopt = "tls-session-ticket-keys";
+#ifdef USE_IPSECMOD
+		if(cfg->ipsecmod_enabled &&
+			file_string_matches(cfg->ipsecmod_hook, zfile, cfg))
+			sourceopt = "ipsecmod-hook";
+#endif
+		if(sourceopt)
+			fatal_exit("auth-zone '%s': zonefile \"%s\" "
+				"is the same path as a %s option. "
+				"The auth-zone transfer would overwrite it.",
+				p->name, p->zonefile, sourceopt);
+		free(zfile);
+	}
+}
+
 /** check configuration for errors */
 static void
 morechecks(struct config_file* cfg)
@@ -822,6 +941,7 @@ morechecks(struct config_file* cfg)
 			cfg->chrootdir, cfg);
 	}
 #endif
+	check_file_clobber(cfg);
 	/* remove chroot setting so that modules are not stripping pathnames */
 	free(cfg->chrootdir);
 	cfg->chrootdir = NULL;
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #include "libunbound/context.h"
 #include "libunbound/worker.h"
+#include "libunbound/remote.h"
 #include "util/fptr_wlist.h"
 #include "util/log.h"
 #include "services/mesh.h"
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ struct outbound_entry* worker_send_query(
 	socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen), uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone),
 	size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream), int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream),
 	char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name), struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q),
-	int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited), int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(
 	socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen), uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone),
 	size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream), int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream),
 	char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name), struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q),
-	int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited), int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -146,7 +146,9 @@ submit_query(struct http2_session* h2_session, struct sldns_buffer* buf)
 {
 	int32_t stream_id;
 	struct http2_stream* h2_stream;
-	nghttp2_nv headers[5];
+	nghttp2_nv headers[6];
+	size_t num_headers = 5;
+	char clen[16];
 	char* qb64;
 	size_t qb64_size;
 	size_t qb64_expected_size;
@@ -194,9 +196,16 @@ submit_query(struct http2_session* h2_session, struct sldns_buffer* buf)
 	headers[3].value = (uint8_t*)h2_session->authority;
 	headers[4].name = (uint8_t*)"content-type";
 	headers[4].value = (uint8_t*)h2_session->content_type;
+	if(h2_session->post) {
+		snprintf(clen, sizeof(clen), "%u",
+			(unsigned)sldns_buffer_remaining(buf));
+		headers[5].name = (uint8_t*)"content-length";
+		headers[5].value = (uint8_t*)clen;
+		num_headers = 6;
+	}

 	printf("Request headers\n");
-	for(i=0; i<sizeof(headers)/sizeof(headers[0]); i++) {
+	for(i=0; i<num_headers; i++) {
 		headers[i].namelen = strlen((char*)headers[i].name);
 		headers[i].valuelen = strlen((char*)headers[i].value);
 		headers[i].flags = NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NONE;
@@ -204,7 +213,7 @@ submit_query(struct http2_session* h2_session, struct sldns_buffer* buf)
 	}

 	stream_id = nghttp2_submit_request(h2_session->session, NULL, headers,
-		sizeof(headers)/sizeof(headers[0]),
+		num_headers,
 		(h2_session->post) ? &data_prd : NULL, h2_stream);
 	if(stream_id < 0) {
 		printf("Failed to submit nghttp2 request");
@@ -1137,8 +1137,11 @@ static struct ngtcp2_conn* conn_client_setup(struct doq_client_data* data)
 		client_chosen_version, &cbs, &settings, &params,
 		NULL, /* ngtcp2_mem allocator, use default */
 		data /* callback argument */);
-	if(!conn) fatal_exit("could not ngtcp2_conn_client_new: %s",
-		ngtcp2_strerror(rv));
+	if(rv!=0) {
+		conn = NULL;
+		fatal_exit("could not ngtcp2_conn_client_new: %s",
+			ngtcp2_strerror(rv));
+	}
 	data->cc_algo = settings.cc_algo;
 	return conn;
 }
@@ -2098,7 +2101,7 @@ early_data_setup_session(struct doq_client_data* data)
 		SSL_SESSION_free(session);
 		return 0;
 	}
-#ifdef USE_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_QUIC_TLS_EARLY_DATA_ENABLED
 	SSL_set_quic_tls_early_data_enabled(data->ssl, 1);
 #else
 	SSL_set_quic_early_data_enabled(data->ssl, 1);
@@ -2595,7 +2598,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* worker_send_query(
 	socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen), uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone),
 	size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream),
 	int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream), char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name),
-	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -2629,7 +2633,8 @@ struct outbound_entry* libworker_send_query(
 	socklen_t ATTR_UNUSED(addrlen), uint8_t* ATTR_UNUSED(zone),
 	size_t ATTR_UNUSED(zonelen), int ATTR_UNUSED(tcp_upstream),
 	int ATTR_UNUSED(ssl_upstream), char* ATTR_UNUSED(tls_auth_name),
-	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_qstate* ATTR_UNUSED(q), int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	log_assert(0);
 	return 0;
@@ -1276,7 +1276,8 @@ struct serviced_query* outnet_serviced_query(struct outside_network* outnet,
 	socklen_t addrlen, uint8_t* zone, size_t zonelen,
 	struct module_qstate* qstate, comm_point_callback_type* callback,
 	void* callback_arg, sldns_buffer* ATTR_UNUSED(buff),
-	struct module_env* env, int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited))
+	struct module_env* env, int* ATTR_UNUSED(was_ratelimited),
+	int* ATTR_UNUSED(ratelimit_incremented))
 {
 	struct replay_runtime* runtime = (struct replay_runtime*)outnet->base;
 	struct fake_pending* pend = (struct fake_pending*)calloc(1,
@@ -264,6 +264,9 @@ setup_config(FILE* in, int* lineno, int* pass_argc, char* pass_argv[])
 	fprintf(cfg, "		pidfile: \"\"\n");
 	fprintf(cfg, "		val-log-level: 2\n");
 	fprintf(cfg, "		log-servfail: yes\n");
+	/* the extra thread needs pipe communication that is not available
+	 * from fake_event calls. So auth-task-threads: 0 disables them. */
+	fprintf(cfg, "		auth-task-threads: 0\n");
 	fprintf(cfg, "remote-control:	control-enable: no\n");
 	while(fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LEN-1, in)) {
 		parse = line;
@@ -786,3 +789,13 @@ size_t doq_table_quic_size_get(struct doq_table* ATTR_UNUSED(table))
 	return 0;
 }
 #endif
+
+void tcp_read_again_cb(void* ATTR_UNUSED(arg))
+{
+	/* nothing */
+}
+
+void tcp_more_read_again_cb(void* ATTR_UNUSED(arg))
+{
+	/* nothing */
+}
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ hex_buffer2wire(sldns_buffer *data_buffer)
 	uint8_t *wire = (uint8_t*)malloc(MAX_PACKETLEN);
 	if(!wire) error("out of memory");
 	
-	hexbuf = (uint8_t*)malloc(MAX_PACKETLEN);
+	hexbuf = (uint8_t*)malloc(MAX_PACKETLEN * 2);
 	if(!hexbuf) error("out of memory");
 	for (data_buf_pos = 0; data_buf_pos < sldns_buffer_position(data_buffer); data_buf_pos++) {
 		c = (int) data_wire[data_buf_pos];
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ hex_buffer2wire(sldns_buffer *data_buffer)
 					(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') ||
 					(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') )
 				{
-					if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN) {
+					if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN * 2) {
 						error("buffer overflow");
 						free(hexbuf);
 						return 0;
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ hex_buffer2wire(sldns_buffer *data_buffer)
 				}
 				break;
 			case 2:
-				if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN) {
+				if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN * 2) {
 					error("buffer overflow");
 					free(hexbuf);
 					return 0;
@@ -433,13 +433,13 @@ hex_buffer2wire(sldns_buffer *data_buffer)
 		}
 	}

-	if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN) {
+	if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN * 2) {
 		/*verbose("packet size reached\n");*/
 	}
 	
 	/* lenient mode: length must be multiple of 2 */
 	if (hexbufpos % 2 != 0) {
-		if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN) {
+		if (hexbufpos >= MAX_PACKETLEN * 2) {
 			error("buffer overflow");
 			free(hexbuf);
 			return 0;
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ read_entry(FILE* in, const char* name, struct sldns_file_parse_state* pstate,
 				add_section = LDNS_SECTION_ADDITIONAL;
 			else error("%s line %d: bad section %s", name, pstate->lineno, parse);
 		} else if(str_keyword(&parse, "HEX_ANSWER_BEGIN")) {
-			hex_data_buffer = sldns_buffer_new(MAX_PACKETLEN);
+			hex_data_buffer = sldns_buffer_new(MAX_PACKETLEN*2);
 			reading_hex = 1;
 		} else if(str_keyword(&parse, "HEX_ANSWER_END")) {
 			if(!reading_hex) {
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ read_entry(FILE* in, const char* name, struct sldns_file_parse_state* pstate,
 		} else if(reading_hex) {
 			sldns_buffer_printf(hex_data_buffer, "%s", line);
 		} else if(str_keyword(&parse, "HEX_EDNSDATA_BEGIN")) {
-			hex_ednsdata_buffer = sldns_buffer_new(MAX_PACKETLEN);
+			hex_ednsdata_buffer = sldns_buffer_new(MAX_PACKETLEN*2);
 			reading_hex_ednsdata = 1;
 		} else if(str_keyword(&parse, "HEX_EDNSDATA_END")) {
 			if (!reading_hex_ednsdata) {
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ check_read_exact(const char* name, const char* zone)
 	z = authtest_addzone(az, name, fname);
 	unit_assert(z);
 	outf = create_tmp_file(NULL);
-	if(!auth_zone_write_file(z, outf)) {
+	if(!auth_zone_write_file(z, outf, NULL)) {
 		fatal_exit("write file failed for %s", fname);
 	}
 	checkfile(fname, outf);
@@ -1027,6 +1027,38 @@ authzone_query_test(void)
 	check_queries("example.com", zone_example_com, example_com_queries);
 }

+/** Test chunkline_count_parens output */
+static void
+authzone_chunkline_count_parens_test(void)
+{
+	sldns_buffer* buf;
+	if(vbmp) printf("Testing chunkline_count_parens\n");
+	buf = sldns_buffer_new(1024);
+	if(!buf) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+
+	/* Check that escaped characters are handled, '\x', and in quotes. */
+	sldns_buffer_printf(buf, "TXT \"x\" \\(");
+	unit_assert(chunkline_count_parens(buf, 0) == 0);
+
+	sldns_buffer_clear(buf);
+	sldns_buffer_printf(buf, "TXT ';x' (");
+	unit_assert(chunkline_count_parens(buf, 0) == 0);
+
+	sldns_buffer_clear(buf);
+	sldns_buffer_printf(buf, "TXT \"a;b\" (");
+	unit_assert(chunkline_count_parens(buf, 0) == 1);
+
+	sldns_buffer_clear(buf);
+	sldns_buffer_printf(buf, "TXT \\) )");
+	unit_assert(chunkline_count_parens(buf, 0) == -1);
+
+	sldns_buffer_clear(buf);
+	sldns_buffer_printf(buf, "TXT \"a\\\\\" \"(\" ");
+	unit_assert(chunkline_count_parens(buf, 0) == 0);
+
+	sldns_buffer_free(buf);
+}
+
 /** test authzone code */
 void 
 authzone_test(void)
@@ -1036,4 +1068,5 @@ authzone_test(void)
 	authzone_compare_serial();
 	authzone_read_test();
 	authzone_query_test();
+	authzone_chunkline_count_parens_test();
 }
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ static addrlen_t randomkey(addrkey_t **k, int maxlen)
 	int bits = rand() % maxlen;
 	int bytes = bits/8 + (bits%8>0); /*ceil*/
 	*k = (addrkey_t *) malloc(bytes * sizeof(addrkey_t));
+	if(!*k) fatal_exit("out of memory");
 	for (byte = 0; byte < bytes; byte++) {
 		(*k)[byte] = (addrkey_t)(rand() & 0xFF);
 	}
@@ -279,10 +279,24 @@ b64_test(void)
 	unit_assert(result == -1);
 }

+/** test SVCB ech svcparam */
+static void
+svcb_ech_test(void)
+{
+	uint8_t rr[LDNS_RR_BUF_SIZE];
+	size_t rr_len = sizeof(rr), dname_len = 0;
+	int e = sldns_str2wire_rr_buf("x. 300 IN HTTPS 1 . ech=0",
+		rr, &rr_len, &dname_len, 300, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
+	unit_assert(e == LDNS_WIREPARSE_ERR_OK);
+	unit_assert(rr_len == dname_len + 10 /* type,class,ttl,rdatalen */ + 7 /* rdata */);
+	unit_assert(sldns_read_uint16(rr + dname_len + 8 /* rdlen */) == 7);
+}
+
 void
 ldns_test(void)
 {
 	unit_show_feature("sldns");
 	rr_tests();
 	b64_test();
+	svcb_ech_test();
 }
@@ -1337,6 +1337,89 @@ static void mesh_test(void)
 	free(c1);
 }

+#include "util/data/packed_rrset.h"
+#include "sldns/sbuffer.h"
+/** packed_rrset unit tests */
+static void packed_rrset_test(void)
+{
+	/* packed_rr_to_string assembles the dname, type, class, ttl and
+	 * rdata of one rr into a buffer of 65535 bytes.  Check that it
+	 * refuses an rr that does not fit in there, also when the caller
+	 * passes a dest_len that is larger than that, like the callers in
+	 * daemon/cachedump.c and daemon/remote.c do.  Without the check it
+	 * writes past the end of the assembly buffer. */
+	uint8_t smalldname[] = "\003www\007example\003com";
+	uint8_t smallrdata[] = {0, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+	uint8_t maxdname[LDNS_MAX_DOMAINLEN];
+	struct ub_packed_rrset_key rrk;
+	struct packed_rrset_data d;
+	uint8_t* rr_data[1];
+	size_t rr_len[1];
+	time_t rr_ttl[1];
+	size_t dest_len = 65535*4+2048; /* the size daemon/cachedump.c uses */
+	char* dest = (char*)malloc(dest_len);
+	int i;
+
+	unit_show_func("util/data/packed_rrset.c", "packed_rr_to_string");
+	if(!dest) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	memset(&rrk, 0, sizeof(rrk));
+	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
+	rrk.entry.data = &d;
+	rrk.rk.rrset_class = htons(LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
+	d.count = 1;
+	d.rr_len = rr_len;
+	d.rr_ttl = rr_ttl;
+	d.rr_data = rr_data;
+	rr_ttl[0] = 3600;
+
+	/* an ordinary rr is printed, also with the large dest_len */
+	rrk.rk.dname = smalldname;
+	rrk.rk.dname_len = sizeof(smalldname);
+	rrk.rk.type = htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_A);
+	rr_data[0] = smallrdata;
+	rr_len[0] = sizeof(smallrdata);
+	unit_assert(packed_rr_to_string(&rrk, 0, 0, dest, dest_len) == 1);
+	unit_assert(strstr(dest, "1.2.3.4") != NULL);
+
+	/* a dname of the maximum length, 127 labels of one character */
+	for(i=0; i<127; i++) {
+		maxdname[i*2] = 1;
+		maxdname[i*2+1] = (uint8_t)'a';
+	}
+	maxdname[254] = 0;
+	rrk.rk.dname = maxdname;
+	rrk.rk.dname_len = sizeof(maxdname);
+	rrk.rk.type = htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_TXT);
+
+	/* 255+2+2+4+65272 is exactly 65535, that still fits */
+	rr_len[0] = 65535 - 255 - 8;
+	rr_data[0] = (uint8_t*)calloc(1, rr_len[0]);
+	if(!rr_data[0]) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	sldns_write_uint16(rr_data[0], (uint16_t)(rr_len[0]-2));
+	unit_assert(packed_rr_to_string(&rrk, 0, 0, dest, dest_len) == 1);
+	free(rr_data[0]);
+
+	/* one more byte of rdata does not fit and must be refused */
+	rr_len[0] = 65535 - 255 - 8 + 1;
+	rr_data[0] = (uint8_t*)calloc(1, rr_len[0]);
+	if(!rr_data[0]) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	sldns_write_uint16(rr_data[0], (uint16_t)(rr_len[0]-2));
+	unit_assert(packed_rr_to_string(&rrk, 0, 0, dest, dest_len) == 0);
+	unit_assert(dest[0] == 0);
+	free(rr_data[0]);
+
+	/* the largest rdata an rr can hold, well over the buffer */
+	rr_len[0] = 2 + 65535;
+	rr_data[0] = (uint8_t*)calloc(1, rr_len[0]);
+	if(!rr_data[0]) fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	sldns_write_uint16(rr_data[0], 65535);
+	unit_assert(packed_rr_to_string(&rrk, 0, 0, dest, dest_len) == 0);
+	unit_assert(dest[0] == 0);
+	free(rr_data[0]);
+
+	free(dest);
+}
+
 void unit_show_func(const char* file, const char* func)
 {
 	printf("test %s:%s\n", file, func);
@@ -1409,6 +1492,7 @@ main(int argc, char* argv[])
 	zonemd_test();
 	tcpreuse_test();
 	msgparse_test();
+	packed_rrset_test();
 	edns_ede_answer_encode_test();
 	localzone_test();
 	mesh_test();
@@ -1445,6 +1529,9 @@ main(int argc, char* argv[])
 #  ifdef HAVE_RAND_CLEANUP
 	RAND_cleanup();
 #  endif
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL_CLEANUP
+	OPENSSL_cleanup();
+#endif
 #elif defined(HAVE_NSS)
 	if(NSS_Shutdown() != SECSuccess)
 		fatal_exit("could not shutdown NSS");
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ verifytest_rrset(struct module_env* env, struct val_env* ve,
 	setup_sigalg(dnskey, sigalg); /* check all algorithms in the dnskey */
 	/* ok to give null as qstate here, won't be used for answer section. */
 	sec = dnskeyset_verify_rrset(env, ve, rrset, dnskey, sigalg, &reason,
-		NULL, LDNS_SECTION_ANSWER, NULL, &verified, reasonbuf,
+		NULL, LDNS_SECTION_ANSWER, NULL, NULL, &verified, reasonbuf,
 		sizeof(reasonbuf));
 	if(vsig) {
 		printf("verify outcome is: %s %s\n", sec_status_to_string(sec),
@@ -510,6 +510,146 @@ nsec3_hash_test(const char* fname)
 	sldns_buffer_free(buf);
 }

+/** Test the rrset_canonicalize_to_buffer function to see if the
+ * size of canon_owner name is properly checked for. */
+static void
+canon_owner_buf_test(void)
+{
+	struct regional* region;
+	sldns_buffer* buf;
+	struct ub_packed_rrset_key k;
+	struct packed_rrset_data d;
+	size_t rr_len[2];
+	time_t rr_ttl[2];
+	uint8_t* rr_data[2];
+	int ret;
+	unit_show_func("validator/val_sigcrypt.c",
+		"rrset_canonicalize_to_buffer");
+	region = regional_create();
+	if(!region)
+		fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	/* Purposefully a very small buffer, to overflow it */
+	buf = sldns_buffer_new(28);
+	if(!buf)
+		fatal_exit("out of memory");
+
+	/* An RRset to canonicalize. The buffer is made smaller, so
+	 * it can fail on bounds checks. */
+	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
+	d.ttl = 3600;
+	d.count = 1;
+	d.rrsig_count = 1;
+	d.rr_len = rr_len;
+	d.rr_ttl = rr_ttl;
+	d.rr_data = rr_data;
+	rr_len[0] = 18;
+	rr_len[1] = 36;
+	rr_ttl[0] = 3600;
+	rr_ttl[1] = 3600;
+	rr_data[0] = (uint8_t*)"\x00\x10\x0Fzzaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
+	rr_data[1] = (uint8_t*)"\x00\x24\x00\x06\x08\x3\x01\x02\x03\x04\x01\x02\x03\x04\x01\x02\x03\x04\x12\x34\x03zzz\x00zzaaaaaaaaaaa";
+
+	memset(&k, 0, sizeof(k));
+	k.rk.dname = (uint8_t*) "\x0f" "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa" "\x00";
+	k.rk.dname_len = 17;
+	k.rk.type = htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_TXT);
+	k.rk.rrset_class = htons(LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
+	k.entry.data = &d;
+
+	/* There should be no buffer overflow, assertion failure, here */
+	ret = rrset_canonicalize_to_buffer(region, buf, &k);
+	unit_assert(ret == 0);
+
+	regional_destroy(region);
+	sldns_buffer_free(buf);
+}
+
+/** Test if ds_digest_match_dnskey that calls ds_create_dnskey_digest,
+ * checks the buffer size. */
+static void
+dnskey_ds_digest_test(void)
+{
+	struct regional* region;
+	sldns_buffer* buf;
+	struct module_env env;
+	struct ub_packed_rrset_key k1, k2;
+	struct packed_rrset_data d1, d2;
+	size_t rr_len1[1], rr_len2[1];
+	time_t rr_ttl1[1], rr_ttl2[1];
+	uint8_t* rr_rdata1[1], *rr_rdata2[1];
+	int ret;
+	unit_show_func("validator/val_sigcrypt.c", "ds_digest_match_dnskey");
+	region = regional_create();
+	if(!region)
+		fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	/* Purposefully a very small buffer, to overflow it */
+	buf = sldns_buffer_new(28);
+	if(!buf)
+		fatal_exit("out of memory");
+	memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
+	env.scratch = region;
+	env.scratch_buffer = buf;
+
+	/* A DNSKEY and DS RRset to match together. The buffer is made
+	 * smaller, so it can fail on bounds checks. */
+	memset(&d1, 0, sizeof(d1));
+	d1.ttl = 3600;
+	d1.count = 1;
+	d1.rr_len = rr_len1;
+	d1.rr_ttl = rr_ttl1;
+	d1.rr_data = rr_rdata1;
+	rr_len1[0] = 38;
+	rr_ttl1[0] = 3600;
+	/* DS rdata has: keytag (2bytes), algorithm (1byte),
+	 * digesttype (1byte), digest (remainder). */
+	rr_rdata1[0] = (uint8_t*)"\x00\x24"
+		"\x12\x34"
+		"\x08" /* RSASHA256 */
+		"\x02" /* SHA256 */
+		"0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"; /* 32 bytes */
+		;
+
+	memset(&k1, 0, sizeof(k1));
+	k1.rk.dname = (uint8_t*) "\x03" "foo" "\x00";
+	k1.rk.dname_len = 5;
+	k1.rk.type = htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_DS);
+	k1.rk.rrset_class = htons(LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
+	k1.entry.data = &d1;
+
+	memset(&d2, 0, sizeof(d2));
+	d2.ttl = 3600;
+	d2.count = 1;
+	d2.rr_len = rr_len2;
+	d2.rr_ttl = rr_ttl2;
+	d2.rr_data = rr_rdata2;
+	rr_len2[0] = 38;
+	rr_ttl2[0] = 3600;
+	/* DNSKEY rdata has: flags (2bytes), protocol (1byte),
+	 * algorithm (1byte), publickey (remainder). */
+	rr_rdata2[0] = (uint8_t*)"\x00\x24"
+		"\x01\x01" /* KSK */
+		"\x03" /* DNSSEC_KEYPROTO */
+		"\x08" /* RSASHA256 */
+		"0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"; /* 32 bytes of content */
+		;
+
+	memset(&k2, 0, sizeof(k2));
+	k2.rk.dname = (uint8_t*) "\x03" "foo" "\x00";
+	k2.rk.dname_len = 5;
+	k2.rk.type = htons(LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNSKEY);
+	k2.rk.rrset_class = htons(LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN);
+	k2.entry.data = &d2;
+	/* 36 byte rdata length for DNSKEY (38-2), and dname length of 5,
+	 * exceeds the (small) buffer size. */
+
+	/* There should be no buffer overflow, assertion failure, here */
+	ret = ds_digest_match_dnskey(&env, &k2, 0, &k1, 0);
+	unit_assert(ret == 0);
+
+	regional_destroy(region);
+	sldns_buffer_free(buf);
+}
+
 #define xstr(s) str(s)
 #define str(s) #s

@@ -724,4 +864,6 @@ verify_test(void)
 #endif
 	nsectest();
 	nsec3_hash_test(SRCDIRSTR "/testdata/test_nsec3_hash.1");
+	dnskey_ds_digest_test();
+	canon_owner_buf_test();
 }
@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ for input in $PRE/testdata/*.rpl $PRE/testdata/*.crpl; do
 		fi
 	fi

+	# detect if ECDSA is needed
+	if echo $cleaninput | grep ecdsa >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		if $PRE/testbound -e >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+			: # ECDSA is supported
+		else
+			continue
+		fi
+	fi
+
 	# detect if CLIENT_SUBNET is needed
 	if echo $cleaninput | grep subnet >/dev/null 2>&1; then
 		if $PRE/testbound -c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 server:
 	do-not-query-localhost: no
 	fake-sha1: yes
+	verbosity: 8
 forward-zone:
 	name: "."
 	forward-addr: "127.0.0.1@@TOPORT@"
@@ -35,11 +35,13 @@ function check_insecure() {
 # test with good start key, and must do 5011 (no URL possible)
 echo "*** TEST 1 ***"
 echo $DS > root.key
-$PRE/unbound-anchor -x "notexist.xml" -s "notexist.p7s" $OPTS
+cat root.key
+$PRE/unbound-anchor -x "notexist.xml" -s "notexist.p7s" $OPTS -vvvv
 if test $? != 0; then
 	echo "Exitcode not OK"
 	exit 1
 fi
+cat root.key
 check_works
 # save for test 5
 cp root.key root.key.probed
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# run in temp dir.
+# Then for petal, move into basedir.
+# For test_cert.key and test_cert.pem, rename the output files to that.
+# And run signit.sh for both signature files, by commenting infile and outfile.
+# for test_cert.pem it has emailAddress and keyUsage, but petal.pem does not
+# need that.
+
+# settings:
+
+# directory for files
+DESTDIR=.
+
+# issuer and subject name for certificates
+SERVERNAME=petal
+CLIENTNAME=petal
+
+# validity period for certificates
+DAYS=7200
+
+# size of keys in bits
+BITS=3072
+
+# hash algorithm
+HASH=sha256
+
+# base name for unbound server keys
+SVR_BASE=petal
+
+# base name for unbound-control keys
+CTL_BASE=petal
+
+# flag to recreate generated certificates
+RECREATE=0
+
+# we want -rw-r----- access (say you run this as root: grp=yes (server), all=no).
+umask 0027
+
+# end of options
+
+set -eu
+
+cleanup() {
+    echo "removing artifacts"
+
+    rm -rf \
+       server.cnf \
+       client.cnf \
+       "${SVR_BASE}_trust.pem" \
+       "${CTL_BASE}_trust.pem" \
+       "${SVR_BASE}_trust.srl"
+}
+
+fatal() {
+    printf "fatal error: $*\n" >/dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+}
+
+usage() {
+    cat <<EOF
+usage: $0 OPTIONS
+OPTIONS
+-d <dir>  used directory to store keys and certificates (default: $DESTDIR)
+-h        show help notice
+-r        recreate certificates
+EOF
+}
+
+OPTIND=1
+while getopts 'd:hr' arg; do
+    case "$arg" in
+      d) DESTDIR="$OPTARG" ;;
+      h) usage; exit 1 ;;
+      r) RECREATE=1 ;;
+      ?) fatal "'$arg' unknown option" ;;
+    esac
+done
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+if ! openssl version </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "$0 requires openssl to be installed for keys/certificates generation." >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "setup in directory $DESTDIR"
+cd "$DESTDIR"
+
+trap cleanup INT
+
+# ===
+# Generate server certificate
+# ===
+
+# generate private key; do no recreate it if they already exist.
+if [ ! -f "$SVR_BASE.key" ]; then
+    openssl genrsa -out "$SVR_BASE.key" "$BITS"
+fi
+
+cat >server.cnf <<EOF
+[req]
+default_bits=$BITS
+default_md=$HASH
+prompt=no
+distinguished_name=req_distinguished_name
+x509_extensions=v3_ca
+[req_distinguished_name]
+commonName=$SERVERNAME
+emailAddress=$SERVERNAME
+[v3_ca]
+subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
+authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always
+basicConstraints=critical,CA:TRUE,pathlen:0
+subjectAltName=DNS:$SERVERNAME
+keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyCertSign
+EOF
+
+[ -f server.cnf ] || fatal "cannot create openssl configuration"
+
+if [ ! -f "$SVR_BASE.pem" -o $RECREATE -eq 1 ]; then
+    openssl req \
+            -new -x509 \
+            -key "$SVR_BASE.key" \
+            -config server.cnf  \
+            -days "$DAYS" \
+            -out "$SVR_BASE.pem"
+
+    [ ! -f "SVR_BASE.pem" ] || fatal "cannot create server certificate"
+fi
+
+# ===
+# Generate client certificate
+# ===
+
+# generate private key; do no recreate it if they already exist.
+if [ ! -f "$CTL_BASE.key" ]; then
+    openssl genrsa -out "$CTL_BASE.key" "$BITS"
+fi
+
+cat >client.cnf <<EOF
+[req]
+default_bits=$BITS
+default_md=$HASH
+prompt=no
+distinguished_name=req_distinguished_name
+req_extensions=v3_req
+[req_distinguished_name]
+commonName=$CLIENTNAME
+[v3_req]
+basicConstraints=critical,CA:FALSE
+subjectAltName=DNS:$CLIENTNAME
+EOF
+
+[ -f client.cnf ] || fatal "cannot create openssl configuration"
+
+if [ ! -f "$CTL_BASE.pem" -o $RECREATE -eq 1 ]; then
+    openssl x509 \
+        -addtrust serverAuth \
+        -in "$SVR_BASE.pem" \
+        -out "${SVR_BASE}_trust.pem"
+
+    openssl req \
+            -new \
+            -config client.cnf \
+            -key "$CTL_BASE.key" \
+        | openssl x509 \
+                  -req \
+                  -days "$DAYS" \
+                  -CA "${SVR_BASE}_trust.pem" \
+                  -CAkey "$SVR_BASE.key" \
+                  -CAcreateserial \
+                  -$HASH \
+                  -extfile client.cnf \
+                  -extensions v3_req \
+                  -out "$CTL_BASE.pem"
+
+    [ ! -f "CTL_BASE.pem" ] || fatal "cannot create signed client certificate"
+fi
+
+# remove unused permissions
+chmod o-rw \
+      "$SVR_BASE.pem" \
+      "$SVR_BASE.key"
+chmod g+r,o-rw \
+      "$CTL_BASE.pem" \
+      "$CTL_BASE.key"
+
+cleanup
+
+echo "Setup success. Certificates created. Enable in unbound.conf file to use"
+
+# create trusted usage pem
+# openssl x509 -in $CTL_BASE.pem -addtrust clientAuth -out $CTL_BASE"_trust.pem"
+
+# see details with openssl x509 -noout -text < $SVR_BASE.pem
+# echo "create $CTL_BASE""_browser.pfx (web client certificate)"
+# echo "create webbrowser PKCS#12 .PFX certificate file. In Firefox import in:"
+# echo "preferences - advanced - encryption - view certificates - your certs"
+# echo "empty password is used, simply click OK on the password dialog box."
+# openssl pkcs12 -export -in $CTL_BASE"_trust.pem" -inkey $CTL_BASE.key -name "unbound remote control client cert" -out $CTL_BASE"_browser.pfx" -password "pass:" || error "could not create browser certificate"
+
@@ -1,21 +1,40 @@
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIDfQIBAAKBwQC1xQ/Kca6zszZbcCtdOTIH2Uy2gOy/DfabMUU7TmNPm0dVE0NJ
-RuN+Rm304SonpwghfP2/ULZNnuDgpG03/32yI7k/VzG6iA4hiF7tT/KAAWC/+2l1
-QCsawCV2bSrFK0VhcZr7ALqXd8vkDaQ867K029ypjOQtAJ85qdO3mERy7TGtdUcu
-O6hLeVet419YeQ2F8cfNxn63d7bOzNGLPW5xwaCd3UcgD+Ib0k4xfFvbinvPQUeU
-J/i4YDWexFYSL+ECAwEAAQKBwCLXXQl+9O+5AEhSnd1Go1Jh0pSA7eBJOuXQcebG
-Rb7ykp+6C4G2NtDziwwPRNdI6wQQQ0sym18RfyVQHydGr78/nbiIbB3HCn5e92Mh
-mefzW6ow9Kvm2txLzGKA1lvoyRbNm81jnG/eygi3u7Nqd5PNv+4dHj2RkTlmxOeh
-qnDMVP5md8uZPv6lYNnrnIzvLCR5vnPNdVwn89AqzI85IcDZdy0R9ZX4NBbsDgAU
-6ig6uXuRXvSGiyJ/OUXSrnogaQJhAOjvkHUhVZQkPOxO90TNH4j0GdKKtbSWxIdz
-lKfuJeBAEqs0TL+C6vbS81Xw3W1alyDdUBk3rJMOBqW6Ryq5HNL+j5H+Jfsh7fvc
-Yle+5wHGci0P9zCFZCrY8It7n9XFIwJhAMfEi6oJa2G8waPJ1bQhxka82Tf9pnKM
-XCn/1BBOFjVIx5F842cpA+zp5a62GENTGYPQTTRBB/2/ZwnW5aIkrlg54AtmbqBZ
-Oh+2kJdJQD/tfoVmc5soUE2ScTHadK5RKwJhAN4w9kjkXS+MSZjX0kIMsBIBVkhh
-C+aREjJqa9ir7/Ey7RvmLXdYuCxtGLRXp7/R8+rjcK49Tx6O+IRJZe042mfhbq3C
-EhS1Tr86f4xXix9EXlDhs9bSxrOgcAN9Dv/opQJhAK7eBcPaav0rVfYh/8emqQHS
-3fJ9Pu6WnzbEksWTFS2ff9KDGCx9YspIFJ5TF/oXDAaumGZdZrlgirm6O1kr8tGY
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More