release(checkpoint): 4.1.1 (#7890)

## Summary

Bumps `langgraph-checkpoint` `4.1.0` → `4.1.1` and updates all
downstream `uv.lock` files.

## Test plan

- [x] `make format` / `make lint` / `make test` from `libs/checkpoint/`

.github/workflows/bench.yml

@@ -58,14 +58,18 @@ jobs:
           } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Annotation
         uses: actions/github-script@v9
+        env:
+          CHANGED_FILES: ${{ steps.files.outputs.added_modified_renamed }}
+          BENCHMARK_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.benchmark.outputs.OUTPUT }}
+          COMPARE_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.compare.outputs.OUTPUT }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const file = JSON.parse(`${{ steps.files.outputs.added_modified_renamed }}`)[0]
-            core.notice(`${{ steps.benchmark.outputs.OUTPUT }}`, {
+            const file = JSON.parse(process.env.CHANGED_FILES || "[]")[0]
+            core.notice(process.env.BENCHMARK_OUTPUT || "", {
               title: 'Benchmark results',
               file,
             })
-            core.notice(`${{ steps.compare.outputs.OUTPUT }}`, {
+            core.notice(process.env.COMPARE_OUTPUT || "", {
               title: 'Comparison against main',
               file,
             })

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           cache-suffix: "release"
+          enable-cache: false
           working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
 
       # We want to keep this build stage *separate* from the release stage,
@@ -268,6 +269,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           cache-suffix: "release"
+          enable-cache: false
           working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
 
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
@@ -309,6 +311,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           cache-suffix: "release"
+          enable-cache: false
           working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
 
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8

README.md

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Trusted by companies shaping the future of agents – including Klarna, Replit,
 pip install -U langgraph
 ```
 
-If you're looking to quickly build agents with LangChain's `create_agent` (built on LangGraph), check out the [LangChain Agents documentation](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/langchain/agents).
+> [!TIP]
+> If you're looking to quickly build agents, check out **[Deep Agents](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/deepagents/overview)** — a higher-level package built on LangGraph for agents that can plan, use subagents, and leverage file systems for complex tasks.
 
-> [!NOTE]
-> Looking for the JS/TS library? Check out [LangGraph.js](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraphjs) and the [JS docs](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/javascript/langgraph/overview).
+For an equivalent JS/TS library, check out [LangGraph.js](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraphjs) and the [JS docs](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/javascript/langgraph/overview).
 
 ## Why use LangGraph?
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ While LangGraph can be used standalone, it also integrates seamlessly with any L
 
 To improve your LLM application development, pair LangGraph with:
 
-- [Deep Agents](https://github.com/langchain-ai/deepagents) *(new!)* – Build agents that can plan, use subagents, and leverage file systems for complex tasks.
+- [Deep Agents](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/deepagents/overview) – Build agents that can plan, use subagents, and leverage file systems for complex tasks.
 - [LangChain](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/langchain/overview) – Provides integrations and composable components to streamline LLM application development.
 - [LangSmith](https://www.langchain.com/langsmith) – Helpful for agent evals and observability. Debug poor-performing LLM app runs, evaluate agent trajectories, gain visibility in production, and improve performance over time.
 - [LangSmith Deployment](https://docs.langchain.com/langsmith/deployments) – Deploy and scale agents effortlessly with a purpose-built deployment platform for long-running, stateful workflows. Discover, reuse, configure, and share agents across teams – and iterate quickly with visual prototyping in [LangSmith Studio](https://docs.langchain.com/langsmith/studio).

libs/checkpoint-conformance/README.md

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ The suite tests **base** capabilities (required) and **extended** capabilities (
 | `delete_for_runs` | no | `adelete_for_runs` |
 | `copy_thread` | no | `acopy_thread` |
 | `prune` | no | `aprune` |
+| `delta_channel_history` | no | `aget_delta_channel_history` |
 
 Extended capabilities are detected by checking whether the method is overridden from `BaseCheckpointSaver`. If not overridden, those tests are skipped.
 

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/capabilities.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class Capability(str, Enum):
     DELETE_FOR_RUNS = "delete_for_runs"
     COPY_THREAD = "copy_thread"
     PRUNE = "prune"
+    DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY = "delta_channel_history"
 
 
 # Capabilities that every checkpointer must support.
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ EXTENDED_CAPABILITIES = frozenset(
         Capability.DELETE_FOR_RUNS,
         Capability.COPY_THREAD,
         Capability.PRUNE,
+        Capability.DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY,
     }
 )
 
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ _CAPABILITY_METHOD_MAP: dict[Capability, str] = {
     Capability.DELETE_FOR_RUNS: "adelete_for_runs",
     Capability.COPY_THREAD: "acopy_thread",
     Capability.PRUNE: "aprune",
+    Capability.DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY: "aget_delta_channel_history",
 }
 
 

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/spec/__init__.py

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_delete_for_runs import (
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_delete_thread import (
     run_delete_thread_tests,
 )
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_delta_channel_history import (
+    run_delta_channel_history_tests,
+)
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_get_tuple import run_get_tuple_tests
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_list import run_list_tests
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_prune import run_prune_tests
@@ -24,4 +27,5 @@ __all__ = [
     "run_delete_for_runs_tests",
     "run_copy_thread_tests",
     "run_prune_tests",
+    "run_delta_channel_history_tests",
 ]

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/spec/_delta_fixtures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Shared fixtures for delta-channel conformance tests.
+
+Builds a parent chain with `_DeltaSnapshot` blobs at known positions via
+direct `aput` / `aput_writes` calls. No langgraph or Pregel dependency.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver, Checkpoint
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.test_utils import generate_metadata
+
+
+async def build_delta_chain(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    *,
+    thread_id: str | None = None,
+    checkpoint_ns: str = "",
+    channel: str = "messages",
+    snapshots_at_steps: Sequence[int] = (0,),
+    total_steps: int = 6,
+    write_value_fn: Any | None = None,
+) -> list[RunnableConfig]:
+    """Build a parent chain with `_DeltaSnapshot` at known positions.
+
+    Args:
+        saver: Checkpointer instance.
+        thread_id: Defaults to a random UUID.
+        checkpoint_ns: Namespace (default root).
+        channel: Channel name used for snapshots and writes.
+        snapshots_at_steps: Steps at which a `_DeltaSnapshot` blob is stored
+            in `channel_values[channel]`. Step 0 is the oldest checkpoint.
+        total_steps: Number of checkpoints in the chain.
+        write_value_fn: Callable(step) -> write value. Defaults to step index.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of stored configs (oldest first), one per step.
+    """
+    if write_value_fn is None:
+
+        def write_value_fn(step: int) -> Any:
+            return step
+
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+
+    thread_id = thread_id or str(uuid4())
+    snapshot_set = set(snapshots_at_steps)
+    stored: list[RunnableConfig] = []
+    parent_cfg: RunnableConfig | None = None
+
+    for step in range(total_steps):
+        config: RunnableConfig = {
+            "configurable": {
+                "thread_id": thread_id,
+                "checkpoint_ns": checkpoint_ns,
+            }
+        }
+        if parent_cfg:
+            config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent_cfg["configurable"][
+                "checkpoint_id"
+            ]
+
+        channel_values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        channel_versions: dict[str, int] = {}
+        if step in snapshot_set:
+            channel_values[channel] = _DeltaSnapshot(
+                write_value_fn(step),
+            )
+            channel_versions[channel] = step + 1
+
+        cp = Checkpoint(
+            v=1,
+            id=str(uuid6(clock_seq=-1)),
+            ts="",
+            channel_values=channel_values,
+            channel_versions=channel_versions,
+            versions_seen={},
+            updated_channels=None,
+        )
+        new_versions = dict(channel_versions)
+        parent_cfg = await saver.aput(
+            config, cp, generate_metadata(step=step), new_versions
+        )
+        stored.append(parent_cfg)
+
+        # Write a pending write for non-snapshot steps so the walk has
+        # something to collect.
+        if step not in snapshot_set:
+            await saver.aput_writes(
+                parent_cfg, [(channel, write_value_fn(step))], str(uuid4())
+            )
+
+    return stored

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/spec/test_delta_channel_history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+"""DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY capability tests — aget_delta_channel_history contract."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import traceback
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec._delta_fixtures import build_delta_chain
+
+
+async def test_history_returns_writes_oldest_first(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Writes are returned oldest-to-newest."""
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    # 5 steps: snapshot at 0, writes at 1,2,3,4.
+    # Head is step 4. Walk starts at step 3 (parent of head).
+    # Collects writes from steps 1,2,3 (between snapshot at 0 and head's parent).
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver, thread_id=tid, channel="ch", snapshots_at_steps=[0], total_steps=5
+    )
+    head = configs[-1]
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    writes = result["ch"]["writes"]
+    values = [w[2] for w in writes]
+    assert values == [1, 2, 3], f"Expected [1,2,3], got {values}"
+
+
+async def test_history_seed_is_nearest_snapshot(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Seed is the value from the nearest ancestor with channel_values populated."""
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    # 6 steps: snapshots at 0 and 3, writes at 1,2,4,5.
+    # Head is step 5. Walk from step 4 backward stops at step 3 (snapshot).
+    # Collects writes from step 4 only (between step 3 and head's parent step 4).
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver,
+        thread_id=tid,
+        channel="ch",
+        snapshots_at_steps=[0, 3],
+        total_steps=6,
+    )
+    head = configs[-1]
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    assert "seed" in result["ch"], "Expected seed from snapshot at step 3"
+    seed = result["ch"]["seed"]
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+
+    actual_value = seed.value if isinstance(seed, _DeltaSnapshot) else seed
+    assert actual_value == 3, f"Expected seed value 3 (step 3), got {actual_value}"
+    writes = result["ch"]["writes"]
+    values = [w[2] for w in writes]
+    assert values == [4], f"Expected [4], got {values}"
+
+
+async def test_history_excludes_target_pending_writes(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Target's own pending_writes are NOT included in the history."""
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver, thread_id=tid, channel="ch", snapshots_at_steps=[0], total_steps=3
+    )
+    head = configs[-1]
+    # Add writes directly to the head checkpoint
+    await saver.aput_writes(head, [("ch", "extra")], str(uuid4()))
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    writes = result["ch"]["writes"]
+    values = [w[2] for w in writes]
+    assert "extra" not in values, f"Target's writes should be excluded, got {values}"
+
+
+async def test_history_multi_channel(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Multiple channels have independent walk termination."""
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    configs: list = []
+    parent_cfg = None
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.base import Checkpoint
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.test_utils import generate_metadata
+
+    for step in range(5):
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": tid, "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
+        if parent_cfg:
+            config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent_cfg["configurable"][
+                "checkpoint_id"
+            ]
+        cv: dict = {}
+        cvs: dict = {}
+        if step == 1:
+            cv["a"] = _DeltaSnapshot("snap_a")
+            cvs["a"] = step + 1
+        if step == 3:
+            cv["b"] = _DeltaSnapshot("snap_b")
+            cvs["b"] = step + 1
+        cp = Checkpoint(
+            v=1,
+            id=str(uuid6(clock_seq=-1)),
+            ts="",
+            channel_values=cv,
+            channel_versions=cvs,
+            versions_seen={},
+            updated_channels=None,
+        )
+        parent_cfg = await saver.aput(config, cp, generate_metadata(step=step), cvs)
+        configs.append(parent_cfg)
+        await saver.aput_writes(parent_cfg, [("a", step), ("b", step)], str(uuid4()))
+
+    head = configs[-1]
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["a", "b"])
+    a_writes = [w[2] for w in result["a"]["writes"]]
+    b_writes = [w[2] for w in result["b"]["writes"]]
+    assert a_writes == [1, 2, 3], f"Expected a writes [1,2,3], got {a_writes}"
+    assert b_writes == [3], f"Expected b writes [3], got {b_writes}"
+
+
+async def test_history_empty_channels_returns_empty(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Empty channels list returns empty mapping."""
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver, thread_id=tid, channel="ch", snapshots_at_steps=[0], total_steps=3
+    )
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=configs[-1], channels=[])
+    assert result == {}
+
+
+async def test_history_walk_to_root_no_seed(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Walk reaches root without finding seed — no 'seed' key in result."""
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver,
+        thread_id=tid,
+        channel="ch",
+        snapshots_at_steps=[],
+        total_steps=4,
+    )
+    head = configs[-1]
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    assert "seed" not in result["ch"], f"Expected no seed, got {result['ch']}"
+
+
+async def test_history_migration_plain_value_as_seed(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Pre-delta plain value in channel_values acts as seed (migration case).
+
+    When a thread was originally using a regular channel (BinaryOperatorAggregate)
+    and later switches to DeltaChannel, the old checkpoint has a plain value in
+    channel_values[ch] (not a _DeltaSnapshot). The walk should treat it as the
+    seed and terminate there.
+    """
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.base import Checkpoint
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.test_utils import generate_metadata
+
+    tid = str(uuid4())
+    configs: list = []
+    parent_cfg = None
+
+    for step in range(4):
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": tid, "checkpoint_ns": ""}}
+        if parent_cfg:
+            config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent_cfg["configurable"][
+                "checkpoint_id"
+            ]
+        cv: dict = {}
+        cvs: dict = {}
+        # Step 1: plain value (migration case — old checkpoint before delta)
+        if step == 1:
+            cv["ch"] = [10, 20, 30]
+            cvs["ch"] = step + 1
+        cp = Checkpoint(
+            v=1,
+            id=str(uuid6(clock_seq=-1)),
+            ts="",
+            channel_values=cv,
+            channel_versions=cvs,
+            versions_seen={},
+            updated_channels=None,
+        )
+        parent_cfg = await saver.aput(config, cp, generate_metadata(step=step), cvs)
+        configs.append(parent_cfg)
+        if step != 1:
+            await saver.aput_writes(parent_cfg, [("ch", step)], str(uuid4()))
+
+    head = configs[-1]
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    # Seed should be the plain value from step 1
+    assert "seed" in result["ch"], "Expected seed from migration plain value at step 1"
+    seed = result["ch"]["seed"]
+    assert seed == [10, 20, 30], f"Expected plain value [10,20,30], got {seed}"
+    # Writes should be from step 2 only (between seed at step 1 and head's parent step 2)
+    writes = result["ch"]["writes"]
+    values = [w[2] for w in writes]
+    assert values == [2], f"Expected [2], got {values}"
+
+
+ALL_DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY_TESTS = [
+    test_history_returns_writes_oldest_first,
+    test_history_seed_is_nearest_snapshot,
+    test_history_excludes_target_pending_writes,
+    test_history_multi_channel,
+    test_history_empty_channels_returns_empty,
+    test_history_walk_to_root_no_seed,
+    test_history_migration_plain_value_as_seed,
+]
+
+
+async def run_delta_channel_history_tests(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    on_test_result: Callable[[str, str, bool, str | None], None] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[int, int, list[str]]:
+    """Run all delta_channel_history tests. Returns (passed, failed, failure_names)."""
+    passed = 0
+    failed = 0
+    failures: list[str] = []
+    for test_fn in ALL_DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY_TESTS:
+        try:
+            await test_fn(saver)
+            passed += 1
+            if on_test_result:
+                on_test_result("delta_channel_history", test_fn.__name__, True, None)
+        except Exception:
+            failed += 1
+            msg = f"{test_fn.__name__}: {traceback.format_exc()}"
+            failures.append(msg)
+            if on_test_result:
+                on_test_result(
+                    "delta_channel_history",
+                    test_fn.__name__,
+                    False,
+                    traceback.format_exc(),
+                )
+    return passed, failed, failures

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/validate.py

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_delete_for_runs import (
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_delete_thread import (
     run_delete_thread_tests,
 )
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_delta_channel_history import (
+    run_delta_channel_history_tests,
+)
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_get_tuple import run_get_tuple_tests
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_list import run_list_tests
 from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.spec.test_prune import run_prune_tests
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ _RUNNERS = {
     Capability.DELETE_FOR_RUNS: run_delete_for_runs_tests,
     Capability.COPY_THREAD: run_copy_thread_tests,
     Capability.PRUNE: run_prune_tests,
+    Capability.DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY: run_delta_channel_history_tests,
 }
 
 

libs/checkpoint-conformance/pyproject.toml

@@ -43,7 +43,11 @@ asyncio_mode = "auto"
 # The extended methods (acopy_thread, adelete_for_runs, aprune) are checked
 # at runtime via capability detection and may not exist on the installed
 # base class. Dict literal inference is also overly strict for RunnableConfig.
+# Delta-channel tests import from `langgraph` (not a declared dep of this
+# package — at test time it is installed alongside); private `_DeltaSnapshot`
+# imports are intentional (beta surface).
 unresolved-attribute = "ignore"
+unresolved-import = "ignore"
 invalid-argument-type = "ignore"
 invalid-return-type = "ignore"
 
@@ -58,6 +62,9 @@ lint.select = [
 lint.ignore = ["E501", "B008"]
 target-version = "py310"
 
+[tool.uv.sources]
+langgraph-checkpoint = {path = "../checkpoint", editable = true}
+
 [[tool.uv.index]]
 name = "testpypi"
 url = "https://test.pypi.org/simple/"

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/base.py

@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ def _build_delta_stage2_sql(
         )
     for _ in channels_with_seed:
         branches.append(
-            "SELECT 'b'::text, NULL, channel, "
-            "type, blob, NULL, NULL, version "
+            "SELECT 'b'::text AS _kind, NULL::text AS checkpoint_id, channel, "
+            "type, blob, NULL::text AS task_id, NULL::int AS idx, version "
             "FROM checkpoint_blobs "
             "WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND channel = %s "
             "AND version = %s"

libs/checkpoint-postgres/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.0a4"
+version = "3.1.0"
 description = "Library with a Postgres implementation of LangGraph checkpoint saver."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
 license-files = ['LICENSE']
 dependencies = [
-  "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0a4,<5.0.0",
+  "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0,<5.0.0",
   "orjson>=3.11.5",
   "psycopg>=3.2.0",
   "psycopg-pool>=3.2.0",

libs/checkpoint-postgres/uv.lock

@@ -205,11 +205,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6f/6d/0703ccc57f3a7233505399edb88de3cbd678da106337b9fcde432b65ed60/idna-3.11.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:795dafcc9c04ed0c1fb032c2aa73654d8e8c5023a7df64a53f39190ada629902", size = 194582, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:20.501Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/77/7b3966d0b9d1d31a36ddf1746926a11dface89a83409bf1483f0237aa758/idna-3.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca962446ea538f7092a95e057da437618e886f4d349216d2b1e294abfdb65fdc", size = 199245, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:57.011Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0e/61/66938bbb5fc52dbdf84594873d5b51fb1f7c7794e9c0f5bd885f30bc507b/idna-3.11-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:771a87f49d9defaf64091e6e6fe9c18d4833f140bd19464795bc32d966ca37ea", size = 71008, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:18.883Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.3.2"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/03/7219502e8ca728d65eb44d7a3eb60239230742a70dbfc9241b9bfd61c4ab/langchain_core-1.3.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fd7a50b2f28ba561fd9d7f5d2760bc9e06cf00cdf820a3ccafe88a94ffa8d5b7", size = 911813, upload-time = "2026-04-24T15:49:23.699Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d3/ae/8b74458fc3850ec3d150eb9f45e857db129dafa801fb5cf173dfc9f8bbf3/langchain_core-1.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fa510a5db8efdc0c6ff41c0939fb5c00a0183c11f6b84233e892e3227ff69182", size = 915041, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:36.612Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7d/d5/8fa4431007cbb7cfed7590f4d6a5dea3ad724f4174d248f6642ef5ce7d05/langchain_core-1.3.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d44a66127f9f8db735bdfd0ab9661bccb47a97113cfd3f2d89c74864422b7274", size = 542390, upload-time = "2026-04-24T15:49:21.991Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/01/4771b7ab2af1d1aba5b710bd8f13d9225c609425214b357590a17b01be77/langchain_core-1.3.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:18aae8506f37da7f74398492279a7d6efcee4f8e23c4c41c7af080eeb7ef7bd1", size = 543857, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:34.52Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.0a4"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langsmith"
-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx" },
@@ -412,9 +412,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "xxhash" },
     { name = "zstandard" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/11/696019490992db5c87774dc20515529ef42a01e1d770fb754ed6d9b12fb0/langsmith-0.7.31.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:331ee4f7c26bb5be4022b9859b7d7b122cbf8c9d01d9f530114c1914b0349ffb", size = 1178480, upload-time = "2026-04-14T17:55:41.242Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/64/95f1f013531395f4e8ed73caeee780f65c7c58fe028cb543f8937b45611b/langsmith-0.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:59fe5b2a56bbbe14a08aa76691f84b49e8675dd21e11b57d80c6db8c08bac2e3", size = 4432996, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:07.341Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/a1/a013cf458c301cda86a213dd153ce0a01c93f1ab5833f951e6a44c9763ce/langsmith-0.7.31-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0291d49203f6e80dda011af1afda61eb0595a4d697adb684590a8805e1d61fb6", size = 373276, upload-time = "2026-04-14T17:55:39.677Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/e1/a4be2e696c9473bb53298df398237da5674704d781d4b748ed35aeef592a/langsmith-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:12cc4bc5622b835a6d841964d6034df3617bdb912dae0c1381fd0a68a9b3a3ef", size = 393268, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:05.56Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1234,11 +1234,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.6.3"
+version = "2.7.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/24/5f1b3bdffd70275f6661c76461e25f024d5a38a46f04aaca912426a2b1d3/urllib3-2.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b62b6884944a57dbe321509ab94fd4d3b307075e0c2eae991ac71ee15ad38ed", size = 435556, upload-time = "2026-01-07T16:24:43.925Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/39/08/aaaad47bc4e9dc8c725e68f9d04865dbcb2052843ff09c97b08904852d84/urllib3-2.6.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bf272323e553dfb2e87d9bfd225ca7b0f467b919d7bbd355436d3fd37cb0acd4", size = 131584, upload-time = "2026-01-07T16:24:42.685Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import json
 import random
 import sqlite3
 import threading
-from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
 from contextlib import closing, contextmanager
 from typing import Any, cast
 
@@ -16,12 +16,19 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     Checkpoint,
     CheckpointMetadata,
     CheckpointTuple,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
     SerializerProtocol,
     get_checkpoint_id,
     get_checkpoint_metadata,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus import JsonPlusSerializer
 
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite._delta import (
+    DELTA_STAGE1_SQL,
+    build_delta_channels_writes_history,
+    build_delta_stage2_sql,
+    step_walk_with_row,
+)
 from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.utils import search_where
 
 _AIO_ERROR_MSG = (
@@ -493,6 +500,88 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                 (str(thread_id),),
             )
 
+    def get_delta_channel_history(
+        self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
+        """Fast-path override of `BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history`.
+
+        Two-stage query:
+
+        * Stage 1 (paged): newest-first slice of `checkpoints` returning
+          `(checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint)` per
+          ancestor. Sqlite has no JSONB, so we ship the full serialized
+          checkpoint blob and inspect `channel_values` in Python. Pages
+          newest-first by `checkpoint_id` with a `< cursor` predicate;
+          page size is `DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`. Stops paging when every channel
+          has found its seed or the chain is exhausted.
+
+        * Stage 2 (per-channel UNION ALL): one branch per channel reading
+          `writes` filtered to that channel's specific `chain_cids`. No
+          separate seed-blob fetch — sqlite stores `channel_values` inline
+          in the checkpoint blob, so seeds come back from stage 1.
+        """
+        if not channels:
+            return {}
+        channels = list(channels)
+        thread_id = str(config["configurable"]["thread_id"])
+        checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
+        checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config)
+        if checkpoint_id is None:
+            target = self.get_tuple(config)
+            if target is None:
+                return {ch: {"writes": []} for ch in channels}
+            checkpoint_id = target.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
+
+        chain_by_ch: dict[str, list[str]] = {ch: [] for ch in channels}
+        seed_val_by_ch: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        walk_state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        seeded: set[str] = set()
+
+        with self.cursor(transaction=False) as cur:
+            cur.execute(DELTA_STAGE1_SQL, (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id))
+            for row in cur:
+                cid, parent_cid, type_tag, blob = row
+                if step_walk_with_row(
+                    cid=cid,
+                    parent_cid=parent_cid,
+                    type_tag=type_tag,
+                    blob=blob,
+                    target_id=checkpoint_id,
+                    serde=self.serde,
+                    chain_by_ch=chain_by_ch,
+                    seed_val_by_ch=seed_val_by_ch,
+                    walk_state=walk_state,
+                    seeded=seeded,
+                    channels=channels,
+                ):
+                    break
+
+            channels_with_chain = [ch for ch in channels if chain_by_ch[ch]]
+            stage2_sql = build_delta_stage2_sql(
+                chain_lens=[len(chain_by_ch[ch]) for ch in channels_with_chain],
+            )
+            if stage2_sql:
+                stage2_params: list[Any] = []
+                for ch in channels_with_chain:
+                    stage2_params.extend(
+                        [thread_id, checkpoint_ns, ch, *chain_by_ch[ch]]
+                    )
+                cur.execute(stage2_sql, stage2_params)
+                stage2_rows = cast(
+                    "list[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes]]", cur.fetchall()
+                )
+            else:
+                stage2_rows = []
+
+        return build_delta_channels_writes_history(
+            channels=channels,
+            chain_by_ch=chain_by_ch,
+            seed_val_by_ch=seed_val_by_ch,
+            seeded=seeded,
+            stage2_rows=stage2_rows,
+            serde=self.serde,
+        )
+
     async def aget_tuple(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> CheckpointTuple | None:
         """Get a checkpoint tuple from the database asynchronously.
 

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/_delta.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Shared helpers for `get_delta_channel_history` on sqlite savers.
+
+Mirrors the two-stage shape of `BasePostgresSaver` (ancestor walk +
+per-channel UNION ALL writes fetch), but adapted for sqlite's
+constraints. The structural differences:
+
+* No JSONB — to inspect `channel_values` for a checkpoint we must
+  deserialize the full blob. Stage 1 streams the cursor row-by-row and
+  deserializes only the rows the merged walk visits, freeing each blob
+  before advancing.
+* No separate blob table — `channel_values` lives inline in the
+  checkpoint, so seeds come back from stage 1 with no second fetch.
+* Single merged walk (not K independent walks): each visited cid is
+  deserialized exactly once, regardless of how many channels are still
+  seeking their seed.
+
+The streaming design keeps peak in-flight memory at roughly one
+deserialized checkpoint at a time, instead of holding the entire
+ancestor chain's worth of raw blobs as a `fetchall()`-materialized list.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Any
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import DeltaChannelHistory, PendingWrite
+
+# Stage 1 streams ancestors of `target_cid` newest-first. The `<=`
+# predicate keeps target itself in the stream so we can read its
+# `parent_checkpoint_id` from the first row without a separate lookup;
+# the caller skips target's own writes/seed (matches the
+# `BaseCheckpointSaver` contract).
+DELTA_STAGE1_SQL = (
+    "SELECT checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id, type, checkpoint "
+    "FROM checkpoints "
+    "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id <= ? "
+    "ORDER BY checkpoint_id DESC"
+)
+
+
+def build_delta_stage2_sql(*, chain_lens: Sequence[int]) -> str:
+    """Stage-2 per-channel UNION ALL fetching writes from `writes`.
+
+    One branch per channel with a non-empty chain. Each branch inlines its
+    own `IN (?, ?, ...)` placeholder list because sqlite has no array-bind
+    equivalent of postgres's `= ANY(%s)`. Caller passes parameters in
+    matching order: `[thread_id, checkpoint_ns, channel, *chain_cids]` per
+    branch.
+
+    Returns an empty string when no channel has a chain (caller skips
+    executing in that case). Per-channel UNION ALL avoids the over-fetch
+    of a single `channel = ANY(channels)` filter when channels have
+    different chain depths — same rationale as postgres.
+    """
+    branches: list[str] = []
+    for n in chain_lens:
+        cid_placeholders = ",".join("?" * n)
+        branches.append(
+            "SELECT checkpoint_id, channel, task_id, idx, type, value "
+            "FROM writes "
+            "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND channel = ? "
+            f"AND checkpoint_id IN ({cid_placeholders})"
+        )
+    return " UNION ALL ".join(branches)
+
+
+def step_walk_with_row(
+    *,
+    cid: str,
+    parent_cid: str | None,
+    type_tag: str,
+    blob: bytes,
+    target_id: str,
+    serde: Any,
+    chain_by_ch: dict[str, list[str]],
+    seed_val_by_ch: dict[str, Any],
+    walk_state: dict[str, Any],
+    seeded: set[str],
+    channels: Sequence[str],
+) -> bool:
+    """Process one streamed stage-1 row in the merged ancestor walk.
+
+    The cursor returns (cid, parent_cid, type, blob) rows in
+    `checkpoint_id` DESC order starting at target. The first row is
+    target itself; we read its parent_cid to seed the walk and otherwise
+    skip it (target's own writes/seed are not part of the contract).
+
+    For each subsequent row, if `cid` matches the walk's current
+    position, we deserialize the blob, append the cid to every
+    not-yet-seeded channel's chain, and check `channel_values` for
+    seeds. The deserialized checkpoint is dropped before advancing — no
+    cross-row cache, so peak in-flight is one deserialized checkpoint.
+
+    Off-path rows (different branch on the same thread) advance the
+    cursor without doing any work.
+
+    Returns True when every requested channel is seeded — the caller
+    can stop iterating and close the cursor.
+    """
+    if "started" not in walk_state:
+        if cid == target_id:
+            walk_state["started"] = True
+            walk_state["cur_cid"] = parent_cid
+            walk_state["active"] = {ch for ch in channels if ch not in seeded}
+        # Not target yet (or target not present): keep streaming.
+        return False
+    active: set[str] = walk_state["active"]
+    if not active:
+        return True
+    if cid != walk_state["cur_cid"]:
+        # Off-path row from a sibling branch — skip without deserializing.
+        return False
+    for ch in active:
+        chain_by_ch[ch].append(cid)
+    ckpt = serde.loads_typed((type_tag, blob))
+    channel_values: Mapping[str, Any] = ckpt.get("channel_values") or {}
+    for ch in [ch for ch in active if ch in channel_values]:
+        seed_val_by_ch[ch] = channel_values[ch]
+        seeded.add(ch)
+        active.discard(ch)
+    del ckpt, channel_values
+    walk_state["cur_cid"] = parent_cid
+    return not active
+
+
+def build_delta_channels_writes_history(
+    *,
+    channels: Sequence[str],
+    chain_by_ch: Mapping[str, list[str]],
+    seed_val_by_ch: Mapping[str, Any],
+    seeded: set[str],
+    stage2_rows: Sequence[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes]],
+    serde: Any,
+) -> dict[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
+    """Demux stage-2 rows per channel; produce per-channel histories.
+
+    Stage-2 rows are `(checkpoint_id, channel, task_id, idx, type, value)`.
+    Final write order is oldest→newest globally and `(task_id, idx)` within
+    a checkpoint, matching the contract on `DeltaChannelHistory.writes`.
+
+    `seed` is omitted when the walk reached a true root with no snapshot
+    found (channel never entered `seeded`); consumers treat absence as
+    "start empty".
+    """
+    writes_by_ch_by_cid: dict[str, dict[str, list[tuple[str, bytes, str, int]]]] = {
+        ch: {} for ch in channels
+    }
+    for cid, ch, task_id, idx, type_tag, value_blob in stage2_rows:
+        writes_by_ch_by_cid.setdefault(ch, {}).setdefault(cid, []).append(
+            (type_tag, value_blob, task_id, idx)
+        )
+    for cid_map in writes_by_ch_by_cid.values():
+        for ws in cid_map.values():
+            ws.sort(key=lambda w: (w[2], w[3]))
+
+    result: dict[str, DeltaChannelHistory] = {}
+    for ch in channels:
+        chain_cids = chain_by_ch.get(ch, [])
+        cid_writes = writes_by_ch_by_cid.get(ch, {})
+        collected: list[PendingWrite] = []
+        # Chain is newest-first; iterate oldest-first for the public order.
+        for cid in reversed(chain_cids):
+            for type_tag, value_blob, task_id, _idx in cid_writes.get(cid, []):
+                collected.append(
+                    (task_id, ch, serde.loads_typed((type_tag, value_blob)))
+                )
+        entry: DeltaChannelHistory = {"writes": collected}
+        if ch in seeded:
+            entry["seed"] = seed_val_by_ch[ch]
+        result[ch] = entry
+    return result

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/aio.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import asyncio
 import json
 import random
 import threading
-from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable, Iterator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any, TypeVar, cast
 
@@ -17,12 +17,19 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     Checkpoint,
     CheckpointMetadata,
     CheckpointTuple,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
     SerializerProtocol,
     get_checkpoint_id,
     get_checkpoint_metadata,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus import JsonPlusSerializer
 
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite._delta import (
+    DELTA_STAGE1_SQL,
+    build_delta_channels_writes_history,
+    build_delta_stage2_sql,
+    step_walk_with_row,
+)
 from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.utils import search_where
 
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=Callable)
@@ -272,6 +279,29 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             self.adelete_thread(thread_id), self.loop
         ).result()
 
+    def get_delta_channel_history(
+        self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
+        """Sync bridge to `aget_delta_channel_history`.
+
+        Mirrors the same cross-thread guard as `get_tuple` /
+        `delete_thread` — calling from the loop thread raises rather than
+        deadlocking.
+        """
+        try:
+            if asyncio.get_running_loop() is self.loop:
+                raise asyncio.InvalidStateError(
+                    "Synchronous calls to AsyncSqliteSaver are only allowed from a "
+                    "different thread. From the main thread, use the async interface. "
+                    "For example, use `await checkpointer.aget_delta_channel_history(...)`."
+                )
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+            self.aget_delta_channel_history(config=config, channels=channels),
+            self.loop,
+        ).result()
+
     async def setup(self) -> None:
         """Set up the checkpoint database asynchronously.
 
@@ -589,6 +619,83 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             )
             await self.conn.commit()
 
+    async def aget_delta_channel_history(
+        self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
+        """Fast-path override of `BaseCheckpointSaver.aget_delta_channel_history`.
+
+        See `SqliteSaver.get_delta_channel_history` for design notes; this
+        is the async equivalent using `aiosqlite` cursors. Stage 1 pages
+        the parent chain newest-first and Python-deserializes each
+        checkpoint blob to find per-channel snapshots; stage 2 fetches
+        only the relevant writes via per-channel UNION ALL.
+        """
+        if not channels:
+            return {}
+        channels = list(channels)
+        await self.setup()
+        thread_id = str(config["configurable"]["thread_id"])
+        checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
+        checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config)
+        if checkpoint_id is None:
+            target = await self.aget_tuple(config)
+            if target is None:
+                return {ch: {"writes": []} for ch in channels}
+            checkpoint_id = target.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
+
+        chain_by_ch: dict[str, list[str]] = {ch: [] for ch in channels}
+        seed_val_by_ch: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        walk_state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        seeded: set[str] = set()
+
+        async with self.lock, self.conn.cursor() as cur:
+            await cur.execute(
+                DELTA_STAGE1_SQL, (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
+            )
+            async for row in cur:
+                cid, parent_cid, type_tag, blob = row
+                if step_walk_with_row(
+                    cid=cid,
+                    parent_cid=parent_cid,
+                    type_tag=type_tag,
+                    blob=blob,
+                    target_id=checkpoint_id,
+                    serde=self.serde,
+                    chain_by_ch=chain_by_ch,
+                    seed_val_by_ch=seed_val_by_ch,
+                    walk_state=walk_state,
+                    seeded=seeded,
+                    channels=channels,
+                ):
+                    break
+
+            channels_with_chain = [ch for ch in channels if chain_by_ch[ch]]
+            stage2_sql = build_delta_stage2_sql(
+                chain_lens=[len(chain_by_ch[ch]) for ch in channels_with_chain],
+            )
+            if stage2_sql:
+                stage2_params: list[Any] = []
+                for ch in channels_with_chain:
+                    stage2_params.extend(
+                        [thread_id, checkpoint_ns, ch, *chain_by_ch[ch]]
+                    )
+                await cur.execute(stage2_sql, stage2_params)
+                stage2_rows = cast(
+                    "list[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes]]",
+                    await cur.fetchall(),
+                )
+            else:
+                stage2_rows = []
+
+        return build_delta_channels_writes_history(
+            channels=channels,
+            chain_by_ch=chain_by_ch,
+            seed_val_by_ch=seed_val_by_ch,
+            seeded=seeded,
+            stage2_rows=stage2_rows,
+            serde=self.serde,
+        )
+
     def get_next_version(self, current: str | None, channel: None) -> str:
         """Generate the next version ID for a channel.
 

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.0.3"
+version = "3.1.0"
 description = "Library with a SQLite implementation of LangGraph checkpoint saver."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
 license-files = ['LICENSE']
 dependencies = [
-    "langgraph-checkpoint>=3,<5.0.0",
+    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0,<5.0.0",
     "aiosqlite>=0.20",
     "sqlite-vec>=0.1.6",
 ]

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_conformance_delta.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Run delta-channel conformance capabilities against AsyncSqliteSaver."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+pytest.importorskip(
+    "langgraph.checkpoint.conformance",
+    reason="langgraph-checkpoint-conformance not installed",
+)
+pytest.importorskip("aiosqlite", reason="aiosqlite not installed")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_delta_channel_conformance():
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance import validate
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.initializer import checkpointer_test
+
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.aio import AsyncSqliteSaver
+
+    @checkpointer_test(name="AsyncSqliteSaver")
+    async def sqlite_saver():
+        async with AsyncSqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+            yield saver
+
+    report = await validate(
+        sqlite_saver,
+        capabilities={
+            "delta_channel_history",
+        },
+    )
+    for cap, result in report.results.items():
+        if result.passed is False:
+            details = "\n".join(result.failures or [])
+            pytest.fail(f"Capability {cap} failed:\n{details}")

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_delta_channel_migration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""Sqlite-specific migration smoke tests: BinaryOperatorAggregate -> DeltaChannel.
+
+Mirrors `libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_migration.py` (which
+covers `InMemorySaver` + a third-party fallback to the base default
+impl). This file exercises the same migration scenario through the
+sqlite-specific `SqliteSaver.get_delta_channel_history` override —
+specifically that the streaming ancestor walk finds a pre-migration
+plain `channel_values[ch]` entry and surfaces it as the `seed`, with
+post-migration writes folding on top through the reducer.
+
+Pre-migration checkpoints under `BinaryOperatorAggregate` carry the
+full accumulated value at every settled super-step boundary. The
+override has to identify those as "real" seeds (not `_DeltaSnapshot`
+sentinels) — the saver layer is intentionally delta-agnostic and just
+returns whatever is stored in `channel_values[ch]`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import operator
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+
+# `langgraph` core isn't a dep of `langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite`. Skip the
+# whole module rather than importerror-ing in the standalone CI shape.
+pytest.importorskip("langgraph.channels.delta", reason="langgraph core not installed")
+pytest.importorskip("langgraph.channels.binop", reason="langgraph core not installed")
+pytest.importorskip("langgraph.graph", reason="langgraph core not installed")
+
+from langgraph.channels.binop import BinaryOperatorAggregate  # type: ignore[import-untyped]  # noqa: E402,I001
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel  # type: ignore[import-untyped]  # noqa: E402
+from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph  # type: ignore[import-untyped]  # noqa: E402
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict  # noqa: E402
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite import SqliteSaver  # noqa: E402
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.aio import AsyncSqliteSaver  # noqa: E402
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+
+def _noop(_state: Any) -> dict:
+    return {}
+
+
+def _list_concat(state: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    result = list(state)
+    for w in writes:
+        result.extend(w if isinstance(w, list) else [w])
+    return result
+
+
+def _binop_graph(checkpointer: Any) -> Any:
+    class BinopState(TypedDict):
+        items: Annotated[list, BinaryOperatorAggregate(list, operator.add)]
+
+    return (
+        StateGraph(BinopState)
+        .add_node("noop", _noop)
+        .add_edge(START, "noop")
+        .add_edge("noop", END)
+        .compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+    )
+
+
+def _delta_graph(checkpointer: Any) -> Any:
+    class DeltaState(TypedDict):
+        items: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_list_concat)]
+
+    return (
+        StateGraph(DeltaState)
+        .add_node("noop", _noop)
+        .add_edge(START, "noop")
+        .add_edge("noop", END)
+        .compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+    )
+
+
+def _drive(graph: Any, config: RunnableConfig, tag: str, n: int) -> None:
+    for i in range(n):
+        graph.invoke({"items": [f"{tag}{i}"]}, config)
+
+
+async def _adrive(graph: Any, config: RunnableConfig, tag: str, n: int) -> None:
+    for i in range(n):
+        await graph.ainvoke({"items": [f"{tag}{i}"]}, config)
+
+
+def _settled_boundaries(history: list) -> list[tuple[RunnableConfig, list]]:
+    """`(config, items)` for every checkpoint with `next == ('__start__',)`
+    — the stable inter-invoke boundaries that round-trip predictably.
+    """
+    return [
+        (s.config, list(s.values.get("items", [])))
+        for s in history
+        if s.next == ("__start__",)
+    ]
+
+
+def test_migration_preserves_pre_migration_state_sync() -> None:
+    """Drive 3 invokes under `BinaryOperatorAggregate`, swap the
+    annotation to `DeltaChannel` on the same sqlite-backed thread, and
+    verify every settled pre-migration boundary round-trips exactly.
+
+    The override's streaming walk must identify the plain accumulated
+    list at each pre-migration ancestor as a valid `seed` even though
+    no `_DeltaSnapshot` was ever written there.
+    """
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "mig-sync"}}
+
+        binop = _binop_graph(saver)
+        _drive(binop, config, "u", 3)
+
+        pre_boundaries = _settled_boundaries(list(binop.get_state_history(config)))
+        assert len(pre_boundaries) >= 2, "expected multiple settled boundaries"
+
+        delta = _delta_graph(saver)
+        for cfg, items in pre_boundaries:
+            snap = delta.get_state(cfg)
+            assert list(snap.values.get("items", [])) == items, (
+                f"snapshot mismatch at {cfg['configurable']['checkpoint_id']}: "
+                f"expected {items}, got {snap.values.get('items', [])}"
+            )
+
+
+def test_migration_continued_thread_folds_deltas_on_seed_sync() -> None:
+    """After migration, driving one more super-step extends the
+    pre-migration accumulated state via the delta reducer — the seed
+    plus a single new write.
+    """
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "mig-continue-sync"}}
+
+        binop = _binop_graph(saver)
+        _drive(binop, config, "u", 3)
+
+        pre_history = list(binop.get_state_history(config))
+        pre_boundaries = _settled_boundaries(pre_history)
+        # Latest settled boundary — the leaf pre-migration state.
+        leaf_cfg, leaf_items = pre_boundaries[0]
+        assert leaf_items, "expected non-empty pre-migration leaf"
+
+        delta = _delta_graph(saver)
+        delta.invoke({"items": ["after-migration"]}, leaf_cfg)
+        new_state = delta.get_state(config).values["items"]
+        assert new_state[: len(leaf_items)] == leaf_items
+        assert "after-migration" in new_state
+
+
+async def test_migration_preserves_pre_migration_state_async() -> None:
+    """Async equivalent of the basic-migration round-trip check on
+    `AsyncSqliteSaver`."""
+    async with AsyncSqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "mig-async"}}
+
+        binop = _binop_graph(saver)
+        await _adrive(binop, config, "u", 3)
+
+        pre_history = [s async for s in binop.aget_state_history(config)]
+        pre_boundaries = _settled_boundaries(pre_history)
+        assert len(pre_boundaries) >= 2
+
+        delta = _delta_graph(saver)
+        for cfg, items in pre_boundaries:
+            snap = await delta.aget_state(cfg)
+            assert list(snap.values.get("items", [])) == items, (
+                f"async snapshot mismatch at {cfg['configurable']['checkpoint_id']}"
+            )

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/uv.lock

@@ -214,11 +214,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6f/6d/0703ccc57f3a7233505399edb88de3cbd678da106337b9fcde432b65ed60/idna-3.11.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:795dafcc9c04ed0c1fb032c2aa73654d8e8c5023a7df64a53f39190ada629902", size = 194582, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:20.501Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/77/7b3966d0b9d1d31a36ddf1746926a11dface89a83409bf1483f0237aa758/idna-3.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca962446ea538f7092a95e057da437618e886f4d349216d2b1e294abfdb65fdc", size = 199245, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:57.011Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -253,10 +253,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.2.28"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
+    { name = "langchain-protocol" },
     { name = "langsmith" },
     { name = "packaging" },
     { name = "pydantic" },
@@ -265,14 +266,26 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f8/a4/317a1a3ac1df33a64adb3670bf88bbe3b3d5baa274db6863a979db472897/langchain_core-1.2.28.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:271a3d8bd618f795fdeba112b0753980457fc90537c46a0c11998516a74dc2cb", size = 846119, upload-time = "2026-04-08T18:19:34.867Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d3/ae/8b74458fc3850ec3d150eb9f45e857db129dafa801fb5cf173dfc9f8bbf3/langchain_core-1.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fa510a5db8efdc0c6ff41c0939fb5c00a0183c11f6b84233e892e3227ff69182", size = 915041, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:36.612Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/92/32f785f077c7e898da97064f113c73fbd9ad55d1e2169cf3a391b183dedb/langchain_core-1.2.28-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:80764232581eaf8057bcefa71dbf8adc1f6a28d257ebd8b95ba9b8b452e8c6ac", size = 508727, upload-time = "2026-04-08T18:19:32.823Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/01/4771b7ab2af1d1aba5b710bd8f13d9225c609425214b357590a17b01be77/langchain_core-1.3.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:18aae8506f37da7f74398492279a7d6efcee4f8e23c4c41c7af080eeb7ef7bd1", size = 543857, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:34.52Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "langchain-protocol"
+version = "0.0.15"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/24/9777489d6fbbee64af0c8f96d4f840239c408cf694f3394672807dafc490/langchain_protocol-0.0.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9ab2d11ee73944754f10e037e717098d3a6796f0e58afa9cadda6154e7655ade", size = 5862, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:04.748Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/7a/9c97a7b9cbe4c5dc6a44cdb1545450c28f0c8ce89b9c1f0ee7fbad896263/langchain_protocol-0.0.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:461eb794358f83d5e42635a5797799ffec7b4702314e34edf73ac21e75d3ef79", size = 6982, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:03.877Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -320,7 +333,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.0.3"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiosqlite" },
@@ -389,7 +402,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langsmith"
-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx" },
@@ -402,9 +415,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "xxhash" },
     { name = "zstandard" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/11/696019490992db5c87774dc20515529ef42a01e1d770fb754ed6d9b12fb0/langsmith-0.7.31.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:331ee4f7c26bb5be4022b9859b7d7b122cbf8c9d01d9f530114c1914b0349ffb", size = 1178480, upload-time = "2026-04-14T17:55:41.242Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/64/95f1f013531395f4e8ed73caeee780f65c7c58fe028cb543f8937b45611b/langsmith-0.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:59fe5b2a56bbbe14a08aa76691f84b49e8675dd21e11b57d80c6db8c08bac2e3", size = 4432996, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:07.341Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/e1/a4be2e696c9473bb53298df398237da5674704d781d4b748ed35aeef592a/langsmith-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:12cc4bc5622b835a6d841964d6034df3617bdb912dae0c1381fd0a68a9b3a3ef", size = 393268, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:05.56Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1148,11 +1161,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.6.3"
+version = "2.7.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/24/5f1b3bdffd70275f6661c76461e25f024d5a38a46f04aaca912426a2b1d3/urllib3-2.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b62b6884944a57dbe321509ab94fd4d3b307075e0c2eae991ac71ee15ad38ed", size = 435556, upload-time = "2026-01-07T16:24:43.925Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/base/__init__.py

@@ -60,15 +60,29 @@ class CheckpointMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
     """
     run_id: str
     """The ID of the run that created this checkpoint."""
-    delta_updates_since_snapshot: dict[str, int]
-    """Per-channel update count since the last `_DeltaSnapshot` was written.
+    counters_since_delta_snapshot: dict[str, tuple[int, int]]
+    """Per-channel counters since the last `_DeltaSnapshot` was written.
 
-    Maps channel name → number of supersteps that wrote to this channel
-    since its last snapshot blob. Used by `pregel.create_checkpoint` to
-    decide when to write the next snapshot (when the count reaches the
-    channel's `snapshot_frequency`, snapshot fires and the count resets
-    to 0). Absent on threads that don't use delta channels. Version-format
-    independent — works for int, float, and string version schemes.
+    !!! warning "Beta"
+
+        This metadata field backs `DeltaChannel` (beta). The key name and
+        contents may change while the delta-channel design stabilizes.
+
+    Maps channel name -> `(updates, supersteps)`:
+
+    - index 0 (`updates`): number of supersteps that wrote to this channel
+      since its last snapshot blob.
+    - index 1 (`supersteps`): total supersteps elapsed since this channel's
+      last snapshot, regardless of whether the channel was written.
+
+    A snapshot fires when EITHER `updates >= ch.snapshot_frequency` OR
+    `supersteps >= DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT` (system-wide bound,
+    default 5000, env `LANGGRAPH_DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT`).
+    The supersteps bound prevents unbounded ancestor walks on threads where
+    a delta channel exists but is no longer being updated.
+
+    Absent on threads that don't use delta channels. Persisted as a
+    2-element list in JSON (no native tuple).
     """
 
 
@@ -135,6 +149,11 @@ class CheckpointTuple(NamedTuple):
 class DeltaChannelHistory(TypedDict):
     """Per-channel result entry from `BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history`.
 
+    !!! warning "Beta"
+
+        Part of the `DeltaChannel` support surface; in beta. Field names and
+        semantics may change.
+
     Storage-level view of what one channel contributed across the ancestor
     chain of a target checkpoint:
 
@@ -317,6 +336,14 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
 
         Args:
             run_ids: The run IDs whose checkpoints should be deleted.
+
+        !!! warning "DeltaChannel"
+
+            Deleting a run that produced ancestor `checkpoint_writes` — or
+            the only `_DeltaSnapshot` blob — for a still-live thread will
+            break reconstruction of any `DeltaChannel` whose history
+            depended on those rows. See the `DeltaChannel` note on `prune`
+            for safe-recovery strategies.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -330,6 +357,17 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
         Args:
             source_thread_id: The thread ID to copy from.
             target_thread_id: The thread ID to copy to.
+
+        !!! warning "DeltaChannel"
+
+            Implementations must copy the **complete** parent chain (all
+            ancestor checkpoints and their `checkpoint_writes`) — copying
+            only the head checkpoint will leave the target thread with
+            `DeltaChannel` state that cannot be reconstructed (no path back
+            to a `_DeltaSnapshot` ancestor). Equivalently, the copy must
+            include enough ancestors that every `DeltaChannel`-backed key
+            has either a `_DeltaSnapshot` in `channel_values` somewhere in
+            the chain, or a complete write history back to the chain root.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -345,6 +383,34 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
             thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
             strategy: The pruning strategy. `"keep_latest"` retains only the most
                 recent checkpoint per namespace. `"delete"` removes all checkpoints.
+
+        !!! warning "DeltaChannel"
+
+            Custom implementations must be `DeltaChannel`-aware. `DeltaChannel`
+            stores only a sentinel in `channel_values` for non-snapshot steps;
+            reconstruction walks the parent chain via
+            `get_delta_channel_history`, accumulating rows from
+            `checkpoint_writes` until it reaches an ancestor whose
+            `channel_values` contains a `_DeltaSnapshot` blob (written every
+            `snapshot_frequency` updates).
+
+            A naive `"keep_latest"` that drops intermediate checkpoints and
+            their writes can sever that chain: the surviving "latest"
+            checkpoint is rarely a snapshot point itself, so its delta
+            channels would silently reconstruct as empty (no error raised —
+            `get_delta_channel_history` simply returns no `seed`). Safe
+            options when the graph uses `DeltaChannel`:
+
+            * Walk back from each kept checkpoint and preserve every
+              ancestor (plus its `checkpoint_writes`) up to the nearest one
+              whose `channel_values` already contains a `_DeltaSnapshot` for
+              every `DeltaChannel`-backed key.
+            * Force a fresh snapshot on the kept checkpoint before deleting
+              ancestors — rewrite `channel_values[k] = _DeltaSnapshot(value)`
+              for each delta channel `k` (resolving `value` via the existing
+              ancestor walk first), then prune.
+            * Skip pruning threads whose graph uses `DeltaChannel` until one
+              of the above is implemented.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -461,6 +527,13 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
 
         Args:
             run_ids: The run IDs whose checkpoints should be deleted.
+
+        !!! warning "DeltaChannel"
+
+            See `delete_for_runs` — deleting rows a still-live thread's
+            `DeltaChannel` reconstruction depends on (writes between the
+            head and its nearest `_DeltaSnapshot` ancestor) will silently
+            corrupt that channel's state.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -474,6 +547,13 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
         Args:
             source_thread_id: The thread ID to copy from.
             target_thread_id: The thread ID to copy to.
+
+        !!! warning "DeltaChannel"
+
+            See `copy_thread` — the copy must carry the complete parent
+            chain (or at least back to a `_DeltaSnapshot` ancestor for every
+            `DeltaChannel`) so the target thread can reconstruct delta
+            state.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -489,6 +569,13 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
             thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
             strategy: The pruning strategy. `"keep_latest"` retains only the most
                 recent checkpoint per namespace. `"delete"` removes all checkpoints.
+
+        !!! warning "DeltaChannel"
+
+            See `prune` for the full `DeltaChannel` caveat. In short:
+            `"keep_latest"` must not drop ancestor checkpoints / writes that
+            sit between the kept checkpoint and the nearest `_DeltaSnapshot`
+            ancestor, or delta channels will silently reconstruct as empty.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -497,6 +584,14 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
     ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
         """Walk the parent chain returning per-channel writes + seed.
 
+        !!! warning "Beta"
+
+            This method is part of the `DeltaChannel` support surface and is
+            in beta. The signature, return shape (`DeltaChannelHistory`), and
+            interaction with `_DeltaSnapshot` blobs may change. Override at
+            your own risk; the default implementation will continue to work
+            against the public `BaseCheckpointSaver` contract.
+
         For each requested channel, walks ancestors of the checkpoint
         identified by `config` (following `parent_config`) and accumulates
         `pending_writes` for that channel. The walk terminates per-channel
@@ -556,7 +651,13 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
     async def aget_delta_channel_history(
         self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
     ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
-        """Async version of `get_delta_channel_history`."""
+        """Async version of `get_delta_channel_history`.
+
+        !!! warning "Beta"
+
+            This method is part of the `DeltaChannel` support surface and is
+            in beta. See `get_delta_channel_history` for caveats.
+        """
         if not channels:
             return {}
         collected_by_ch: dict[str, list[PendingWrite]] = {c: [] for c in channels}

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/serde/jsonplus.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         AllowedMsgpackModules,
     )
 
-LC_REVIVER = Reviver()
+LC_REVIVER = Reviver(allowed_objects="core")
 EMPTY_BYTES = b""
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -157,27 +157,6 @@ class JsonPlusSerializer(SerializerProtocol):
             )
         return clone
 
-    def _encode_constructor_args(
-        self,
-        constructor: Callable | type[Any],
-        *,
-        method: None | str | Sequence[None | str] = None,
-        args: Sequence[Any] | None = None,
-        kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        out = {
-            "lc": 2,
-            "type": "constructor",
-            "id": (*constructor.__module__.split("."), constructor.__name__),
-        }
-        if method is not None:
-            out["method"] = method
-        if args is not None:
-            out["args"] = args
-        if kwargs is not None:
-            out["kwargs"] = kwargs
-        return out
-
     def _reviver(self, value: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
         if (
             value.get("lc", None) == 2
@@ -203,45 +182,46 @@ class JsonPlusSerializer(SerializerProtocol):
         self._check_allowed_json_modules(value)
 
         [*module, name] = value["id"]
+        # The `method` field on lc:2 envelopes is intentionally ignored.
+        # Revival is restricted to the default constructor (no `getattr`
+        # dispatch on attacker-influenced names). The framework's own
+        # encoder has not emitted `method=` since the msgpack migration,
+        # and the only legacy emission was `method=(None, "construct")`
+        # for pydantic models, where the first entry (`None`) already
+        # meant "default constructor", which is what we do here.
         try:
             mod = importlib.import_module(".".join(module))
             cls = getattr(mod, name)
-            method = value.get("method")
-            if isinstance(method, str):
-                methods = [getattr(cls, method)]
-            elif isinstance(method, list):
-                methods = [cls if m is None else getattr(cls, m) for m in method]
-            else:
-                methods = [cls]
+            if isclass(cls) and issubclass(cls, BaseException):
+                return None
             args = value.get("args")
             kwargs = value.get("kwargs")
-            for method in methods:
-                try:
-                    if isclass(method) and issubclass(method, BaseException):
-                        return None
-                    if args and kwargs:
-                        return method(*args, **kwargs)
-                    elif args:
-                        return method(*args)
-                    elif kwargs:
-                        return method(**kwargs)
-                    else:
-                        return method()
-                except Exception:
-                    continue
-        except Exception:
+            if args and kwargs:
+                return cls(*args, **kwargs)
+            elif args:
+                return cls(*args)
+            elif kwargs:
+                return cls(**kwargs)
+            else:
+                return cls()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Method-field dispatch has been removed (GHSA-fjqc-hq36-qh5p), so
+            # legacy pydantic payloads emitting `method=[None, "construct"]`
+            # no longer fall back to `cls.construct(**kwargs)` when the
+            # default constructor rejects the serialized kwargs. Surface a
+            # one-line warning so operators can spot payloads that now revive
+            # to `None` instead of silently degrading to the raw envelope.
+            logger.warning(
+                "Failed to revive lc:2 envelope %s "
+                "(legacy_method_field=%s, error=%s); returning None",
+                ".".join((*module, name)),
+                "method" in value,
+                type(exc).__name__,
+            )
             return None
 
     def _check_allowed_json_modules(self, value: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         needed = tuple(value["id"])
-        method = value.get("method")
-        if isinstance(method, list):
-            method_display = ",".join(m or "<init>" for m in method)
-        elif isinstance(method, str):
-            method_display = method
-        else:
-            method_display = "<init>"
-
         dotted = ".".join(needed)
         # Safe types (the same set already allowed for msgpack deserialization) are
         # permitted without an explicit allowlist — they are known-safe LangGraph and
@@ -252,7 +232,7 @@ class JsonPlusSerializer(SerializerProtocol):
 
         if not self._allowed_json_modules:
             raise InvalidModuleError(
-                f"Refused to deserialize JSON constructor: {dotted} (method: {method_display}). "
+                f"Refused to deserialize JSON constructor: {dotted}. "
                 "No allowed_json_modules configured.\n\n"
                 "Unblock with ONE of:\n"
                 f"  • JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_json_modules=[{needed!r}, ...])\n"
@@ -267,7 +247,7 @@ class JsonPlusSerializer(SerializerProtocol):
             return
 
         raise InvalidModuleError(
-            f"Refused to deserialize JSON constructor: {dotted} (method: {method_display}). "
+            f"Refused to deserialize JSON constructor: {dotted}. "
             "Symbol is not in the deserialization allowlist.\n\n"
             "Add exactly this symbol to unblock:\n"
             f"  JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_json_modules=[{needed!r}, ...])\n"

libs/checkpoint/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 description = "Library with base interfaces for LangGraph checkpoint savers."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_conformance_delta.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""Run delta-channel conformance capabilities against InMemorySaver."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+conformance = pytest.importorskip(
+    "langgraph.checkpoint.conformance",
+    reason="langgraph-checkpoint-conformance not installed",
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_delta_channel_conformance():
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance import validate
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.initializer import checkpointer_test
+
+    from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+
+    @checkpointer_test(name="InMemorySaver")
+    async def mem_saver():
+        yield InMemorySaver()
+
+    report = await validate(
+        mem_saver,
+        capabilities={
+            "delta_channel_history",
+        },
+    )
+    for cap, result in report.results.items():
+        if result.passed is False:
+            details = "\n".join(result.failures or [])
+            pytest.fail(f"Capability {cap} failed:\n{details}")

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_jsonplus.py

@@ -398,6 +398,193 @@ def test_deserde_invalid_module() -> None:
     serde.loads_typed(("json", json.dumps(load).encode("utf-8")))
 
 
+def test_lc2_json_method_field_is_ignored() -> None:
+    """The `method` field on lc=2 envelopes is ignored.
+
+    Regression test for GHSA-fjqc-hq36-qh5p: `_revive_lc2` previously resolved
+    `getattr(cls, method)` from the envelope, which let an attacker pivot a
+    safe pydantic class (e.g., AIMessage) to `parse_raw(..., allow_pickle=True)`
+    and reach `pickle.loads`. Revival now uses only the default constructor.
+
+    Verifies that an envelope carrying ``method="parse_raw"`` does not dispatch
+    to that method: the result is whatever ``AIMessage(*args, **kwargs)`` would
+    produce, which proves the default constructor ran instead of ``parse_raw``.
+    """
+    from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage
+
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer()
+    load = {
+        "lc": 2,
+        "type": "constructor",
+        "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"],
+        "method": "parse_raw",
+        "args": ["default-ctor-ran"],
+        "kwargs": {"content_type": "application/pickle", "allow_pickle": True},
+    }
+    result = serde._revive_lc2(load)
+    # Default constructor accepts `content` as first positional arg. If parse_raw
+    # had been invoked instead, it would have attempted JSON/pickle parsing and
+    # raised (or executed the pickle gadget); neither would produce this result.
+    assert isinstance(result, AIMessage)
+    assert result.content == "default-ctor-ran"
+
+
+def test_lc2_json_method_field_is_ignored_for_allowlisted_types() -> None:
+    """The `method` field is ignored even when the class is explicitly allowlisted.
+
+    A user who configures ``allowed_json_modules`` for a class no longer gets
+    method dispatch as a side effect. Revival is restricted to the default
+    constructor regardless of how the class reached the revival path.
+    """
+    from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage
+
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer(
+        allowed_json_modules=[("langchain_core.messages.ai", "AIMessage")]
+    )
+    load = {
+        "lc": 2,
+        "type": "constructor",
+        "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"],
+        "method": "parse_raw",
+        "args": ["default-ctor-ran"],
+    }
+    result = serde._revive_lc2(load)
+    assert isinstance(result, AIMessage)
+    assert result.content == "default-ctor-ran"
+
+
+def test_lc2_json_safe_type_init_still_works() -> None:
+    """SAFE-type lc=2 revival without a `method` field still constructs the class."""
+    from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage
+
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer()
+    load = {
+        "lc": 2,
+        "type": "constructor",
+        "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"],
+        "kwargs": {"content": "hi", "type": "ai"},
+    }
+    result = serde._revive_lc2(load)
+    assert isinstance(result, AIMessage)
+    assert result.content == "hi"
+
+
+def test_lc2_json_legacy_pydantic_method_list_falls_back_to_default() -> None:
+    """Legacy ``method=(None, "construct")`` envelopes still revive via the default ctor.
+
+    Pre-October-2025 langgraph emitted pydantic models with
+    ``method=(None, "construct")`` meaning "try default constructor, fall back
+    to pydantic ``construct``". The first entry (``None``) was always the
+    default constructor, which is what we now do unconditionally. Envelopes of
+    this shape continue to revive correctly as long as the default constructor
+    accepts the serialized kwargs.
+    """
+    from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage
+
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer()
+    load = {
+        "lc": 2,
+        "type": "constructor",
+        "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"],
+        "method": [None, "construct"],
+        "kwargs": {"content": "legacy", "type": "ai"},
+    }
+    result = serde._revive_lc2(load)
+    assert isinstance(result, AIMessage)
+    assert result.content == "legacy"
+
+
+def test_lc2_json_legacy_construct_payload_logs_warning_when_default_init_rejects(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Legacy `method=[None, "construct"]` envelopes whose kwargs the default
+    `__init__` rejects now revive to `None` and emit an observable warning.
+
+    Pre-October-2025 langgraph emitted pydantic payloads with
+    `method=[None, "construct"]` so the reviver could fall back to
+    `cls.construct(**kwargs)` when the default constructor raised a
+    validation error. That fallback was removed with method-field dispatch
+    (GHSA-fjqc-hq36-qh5p), so these payloads now silently fail validation. A
+    `logger.warning` makes the regression observable to operators instead of
+    letting the envelope quietly degrade to its raw-dict form.
+    """
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer()
+    load = {
+        "lc": 2,
+        "type": "constructor",
+        "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"],
+        # Legacy two-entry method tuple: try default ctor, fall back to construct.
+        "method": [None, "construct"],
+        # ``type="not-a-real-message-type"`` fails AIMessage's Literal["ai"]
+        # validator under the default constructor. Before the GHSA patch this
+        # would have fallen back to ``cls.construct(**kwargs)``; now it must
+        # return None and log.
+        "kwargs": {"content": "legacy", "type": "not-a-real-message-type"},
+    }
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus"):
+        result = serde._revive_lc2(load)
+
+    assert result is None, (
+        "Legacy method=[None, 'construct'] payloads with kwargs the default "
+        "ctor rejects must now return None (no construct() fallback)."
+    )
+
+    matching = [
+        r
+        for r in caplog.records
+        if r.name == "langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus"
+        and r.levelno == logging.WARNING
+        and "langchain_core.messages.ai.AIMessage" in r.getMessage()
+        and "legacy_method_field=True" in r.getMessage()
+    ]
+    assert matching, (
+        "Expected a WARNING from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus "
+        "referencing the class id and legacy_method_field=True; "
+        f"got records: {[(r.name, r.levelname, r.getMessage()) for r in caplog.records]}"
+    )
+
+
+def test_lc2_json_safe_type_pickle_payload_does_not_execute() -> None:
+    """End-to-end: a `parse_raw` pickle gadget payload on a SAFE type must not run.
+
+    With method dispatch removed from `_revive_lc2`, the gadget bytes are never
+    passed to `parse_raw` and therefore never reach `pickle.loads`.
+    """
+    import os
+    import pickle
+    import tempfile
+
+    marker = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+        prefix="lc2_block_proof_", suffix=".out", delete=False
+    ).name
+    os.remove(marker)  # ensure absent before the test runs
+
+    class _Gadget:
+        def __reduce__(self) -> tuple:
+            return (os.system, (f"touch {marker}",))
+
+    gadget_bytes = pickle.dumps(_Gadget(), protocol=0).decode("latin1")
+    envelope = {
+        "lc": 2,
+        "type": "constructor",
+        "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ai", "AIMessage"],
+        "method": "parse_raw",
+        "args": [gadget_bytes],
+        "kwargs": {"content_type": "application/pickle", "allow_pickle": True},
+    }
+
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer()
+    try:
+        serde.loads_typed(("json", json.dumps(envelope).encode()))
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    assert not os.path.exists(marker), (
+        "Pickle gadget executed via parse_raw on AIMessage lc=2 envelope"
+    )
+
+
 def test_serde_jsonplus_bytearray() -> None:
     serde = JsonPlusSerializer()
 

libs/checkpoint/uv.lock

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ version = 1
 revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
 resolution-markers = [
-    "python_full_version >= '3.12'",
+    "python_full_version >= '3.15'",
+    "python_full_version >= '3.12' and python_full_version < '3.15'",
     "python_full_version == '3.11.*'",
     "python_full_version < '3.11'",
 ]
@@ -228,11 +229,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6f/6d/0703ccc57f3a7233505399edb88de3cbd678da106337b9fcde432b65ed60/idna-3.11.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:795dafcc9c04ed0c1fb032c2aa73654d8e8c5023a7df64a53f39190ada629902", size = 194582, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:20.501Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/77/7b3966d0b9d1d31a36ddf1746926a11dface89a83409bf1483f0237aa758/idna-3.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca962446ea538f7092a95e057da437618e886f4d349216d2b1e294abfdb65fdc", size = 199245, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:57.011Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0e/61/66938bbb5fc52dbdf84594873d5b51fb1f7c7794e9c0f5bd885f30bc507b/idna-3.11-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:771a87f49d9defaf64091e6e6fe9c18d4833f140bd19464795bc32d966ca37ea", size = 71008, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:18.883Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -267,10 +268,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.2.28"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
+    { name = "langchain-protocol" },
     { name = "langsmith" },
     { name = "packaging" },
     { name = "pydantic" },
@@ -279,14 +281,26 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f8/a4/317a1a3ac1df33a64adb3670bf88bbe3b3d5baa274db6863a979db472897/langchain_core-1.2.28.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:271a3d8bd618f795fdeba112b0753980457fc90537c46a0c11998516a74dc2cb", size = 846119, upload-time = "2026-04-08T18:19:34.867Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d3/ae/8b74458fc3850ec3d150eb9f45e857db129dafa801fb5cf173dfc9f8bbf3/langchain_core-1.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fa510a5db8efdc0c6ff41c0939fb5c00a0183c11f6b84233e892e3227ff69182", size = 915041, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:36.612Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/92/32f785f077c7e898da97064f113c73fbd9ad55d1e2169cf3a391b183dedb/langchain_core-1.2.28-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:80764232581eaf8057bcefa71dbf8adc1f6a28d257ebd8b95ba9b8b452e8c6ac", size = 508727, upload-time = "2026-04-08T18:19:32.823Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/01/4771b7ab2af1d1aba5b710bd8f13d9225c609425214b357590a17b01be77/langchain_core-1.3.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:18aae8506f37da7f74398492279a7d6efcee4f8e23c4c41c7af080eeb7ef7bd1", size = 543857, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:34.52Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "langchain-protocol"
+version = "0.0.15"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/24/9777489d6fbbee64af0c8f96d4f840239c408cf694f3394672807dafc490/langchain_protocol-0.0.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9ab2d11ee73944754f10e037e717098d3a6796f0e58afa9cadda6154e7655ade", size = 5862, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:04.748Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/7a/9c97a7b9cbe4c5dc6a44cdb1545450c28f0c8ce89b9c1f0ee7fbad896263/langchain_protocol-0.0.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:461eb794358f83d5e42635a5797799ffec7b4702314e34edf73ac21e75d3ef79", size = 6982, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:03.877Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -369,7 +383,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langsmith"
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 [[package]]
@@ -621,7 +635,8 @@ name = "numpy"
 version = "2.4.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 resolution-markers = [
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+    "python_full_version >= '3.15'",
+    "python_full_version >= '3.12' and python_full_version < '3.15'",
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@@ -1448,11 +1463,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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 [[package]]

libs/cli/js-examples/yarn.lock

@@ -3675,12 +3675,11 @@ keyv@^4.5.4:
     json-buffer "3.0.1"
 
 "langsmith@>=0.5.0 <1.0.0":
-  version "0.5.20"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/langsmith/-/langsmith-0.5.20.tgz#4021847d2ccd5a86c5eb96060f9bb5f19f80eca5"
-  integrity sha512-ULhLM8RswvQDXufLtNtvclHrWCBx8Cb5UPI6lAZC+8Dq59iHsVPz/3Ac9khWNm1VIvChRsuykixD/WrmzuuA3Q==
+  version "0.6.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/langsmith/-/langsmith-0.6.3.tgz#a3d8ad58d66a47d3697e3c69b2be3f6df5233190"
+  integrity sha512-pXrQ4/4myQvjFFOAUmt5pWRrLEZR20gzIJD7MNdUH+5/S5nLI4ZRBo/SYKC6coaYj9pYTfQdBIzcs+3kfJ5uDA==
   dependencies:
     p-queue "6.6.2"
-    uuid "10.0.0"
 
 leven@^3.1.0:
   version "3.1.0"
@@ -4848,7 +4847,7 @@ uri-js@^4.2.2:
   dependencies:
     punycode "^2.1.0"
 
-uuid@10.0.0, uuid@^10.0.0:
+uuid@^10.0.0:
   version "10.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/uuid/-/uuid-10.0.0.tgz#5a95aa454e6e002725c79055fd42aaba30ca6294"
   integrity sha512-8XkAphELsDnEGrDxUOHB3RGvXz6TeuYSGEZBOjtTtPm2lwhGBjLgOzLHB63IUWfBpNucQjND6d3AOudO+H3RWQ==

libs/cli/js-monorepo-example/package.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     "lint": "eslint 'apps/**/*.ts' 'libs/**/*.ts'"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "turbo": "^2.9.7",
+    "turbo": "^2.9.14",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3",
     "@tsconfig/recommended": "^1.0.13",
     "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.5",

libs/cli/js-monorepo-example/yarn.lock

@@ -166,35 +166,35 @@
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-"@turbo/darwin-64@2.9.7":
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/darwin-64/-/darwin-64-2.9.7.tgz#46fddae01ea7817192dc6ff36a678cc3879b753b"
-  integrity sha512-wnvOWuVWJ5EUHNKxExEWiGlTeVpLG1L0PCu5MUozyC1P2SHGiWsmpW6/yAuShH91Fa2TAHOvdCRBzriZh4j4Eg==
+"@turbo/darwin-64@2.9.14":
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/darwin-64/-/darwin-64-2.9.14.tgz#b9ec6ac637b9c5fdba5dae9d743f5d121f091242"
+  integrity sha512-t7QiPflaEyBE4oayeZtSmu4mEfjgIrcNlNNl1z1dmIVPqEdtA7+CfTf8d7KXsOGPh6aNgWjKxyvQg9uGfDQF+A==
 
-"@turbo/darwin-arm64@2.9.7":
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-2.9.7.tgz#cd7cf3a024509af0f59ae3885216d62fd090fdb6"
-  integrity sha512-mA0FIPMwwN3lodDkQYaGxj6PeT7ZaN5aCEbkKn/WB+ZB9yJdVWA4J83GH7t43jqDc5dcnVluVN5UFx3plRiXhA==
+"@turbo/darwin-arm64@2.9.14":
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-2.9.14.tgz#99d19f3e59842c595d2828c72a2e4ef537408f38"
+  integrity sha512-d23147mC9BsCPA9mJ0h/ubcpbRgcJBXbcG3+Vq7YLhjz3IXuvQsJ1UXH8f4MD76ZjJ4m/E4aRdJV+MW88CDfbw==
 
-"@turbo/linux-64@2.9.7":
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/linux-64/-/linux-64-2.9.7.tgz#25ee9a2cb3042498a3203e14653b14041105020f"
-  integrity sha512-fEbUYpgb5l7P+q+5tsWF2gw+/GSjUsuUTcnfm+f0lozUjgcjLKyOat6PgtAChmIFcTPchCL/8rJ3TvkBy01gfA==
+"@turbo/linux-64@2.9.14":
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/linux-64/-/linux-64-2.9.14.tgz#9c907434f091cd75529f5496516f79b71935d2bb"
+  integrity sha512-P3ZKB5tuUDdDQWuAsACGUR1qv9W7BNWxdxqVJ0kZNuNNPRaVYTPPikLcp79+GiEcW3npsR+KyP38lnQiBc5aSA==
 
-"@turbo/linux-arm64@2.9.7":
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/linux-arm64/-/linux-arm64-2.9.7.tgz#5b19d6249a50cb8153b8f2bc22ad10bbda614fbe"
-  integrity sha512-VkUjulo9ytfHKUHOS5gy0XPoh4CTKPXWCL8nLdrlHVi9fSut31ECeUqnm/dAbETP5D4xo9mH9XkJ+qMzGe/zmg==
+"@turbo/linux-arm64@2.9.14":
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/linux-arm64/-/linux-arm64-2.9.14.tgz#79ae9060e6ee9e0fb784ae0747e980f582e75313"
+  integrity sha512-ZRTlzcUMrrPv9ZuDzRF9n60Ym13bKeG9jDB8WjxyLhWNzV+AJQN+zdpIk3NJYf2zQsGUm1mNar2P0elRzLw25g==
 
-"@turbo/windows-64@2.9.7":
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/windows-64/-/windows-64-2.9.7.tgz#900645776fa44ff8333e801d890992736f6dbc72"
-  integrity sha512-/GWdY6/x4aIHqkYJq596Rpdk1x0MkpRPkJcLAoB3yGRwyUms0+u2F1GnV54IbyAZTeKLRWSJKzNC+QwVGdYchA==
+"@turbo/windows-64@2.9.14":
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/windows-64/-/windows-64-2.9.14.tgz#68a80f299f35189314184c88301caad982d1c0c2"
+  integrity sha512-exanwN6sIduZwykYeiTQj8kCmOhazP5WOz3bvXMcYtjhL6Z3iRWLewKrXCBq0bqwSP3iBMb/AerRCnHI4lx46A==
 
-"@turbo/windows-arm64@2.9.7":
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/windows-arm64/-/windows-arm64-2.9.7.tgz#e678d73fdbcbb12a679403fe7ba070fb67f37810"
-  integrity sha512-xBBgxCC5PK2+WZ1PPRZdp+aJ0bMBcEbweXWux3RUHJvX9ZodcoQySkrW6qt+ahb+uk8ZjyQodLfDwtVSoYds1w==
+"@turbo/windows-arm64@2.9.14":
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@turbo/windows-arm64/-/windows-arm64-2.9.14.tgz#4dc16684f0ddce53fafe56ad8f55205c4473d17a"
+  integrity sha512-fVdCsnmYoKICsycbWuuGp6Jvi51/3G/UluFWuAUCvR8PIW5IJkAk5BM9UF8PSm0Q2IphWHFZjYEgjHsh3B9y/g==
 
 "@types/esrecurse@^4.3.1":
   version "4.3.1"
@@ -1327,12 +1327,11 @@ keyv@^4.5.4:
     json-buffer "3.0.1"
 
 "langsmith@>=0.5.0 <1.0.0":
-  version "0.5.20"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/langsmith/-/langsmith-0.5.20.tgz#4021847d2ccd5a86c5eb96060f9bb5f19f80eca5"
-  integrity sha512-ULhLM8RswvQDXufLtNtvclHrWCBx8Cb5UPI6lAZC+8Dq59iHsVPz/3Ac9khWNm1VIvChRsuykixD/WrmzuuA3Q==
+  version "0.7.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/langsmith/-/langsmith-0.7.1.tgz#d721ad2e5211f9a5373e8a84eb4fed36b5621971"
+  integrity sha512-Wjk90UjNoY5cBHMlNAC/eZx5clI8jnjBOBW8uJu8+MWBtx0QesNjsUiLtjI+I3UnrpxFFpDqGXcnhBjH654Mqg==
   dependencies:
     p-queue "6.6.2"
-    uuid "10.0.0"
 
 levn@^0.4.1:
   version "0.4.1"
@@ -1814,17 +1813,17 @@ tsconfig-paths@^3.15.0:
     minimist "^1.2.6"
     strip-bom "^3.0.0"
 
-turbo@^2.9.7:
-  version "2.9.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/turbo/-/turbo-2.9.7.tgz#da6d5a821f0bde5174e1a55af6690dad5c2fb004"
-  integrity sha512-epxzqVO2s0IxcSWcgb+qKrtco8isfe7g3VtiS6hkYnEK4A9XQDZbrtavQ6MtWR1KoQn+1fUomaQth2rfRHlUlg==
+turbo@^2.9.14:
+  version "2.9.14"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/turbo/-/turbo-2.9.14.tgz#d412fcc4c9bd8dba29cec5bbd54d5a74ab2b1bee"
+  integrity sha512-BQqXRr4UoWI3UPFrtznCLykYHxwxWh53iCB57x092jPMjIlW1wnm3N895g5irpiXmnxUhREBB0n6+y8BHhs4nw==
   optionalDependencies:
-    "@turbo/darwin-64" "2.9.7"
-    "@turbo/darwin-arm64" "2.9.7"
-    "@turbo/linux-64" "2.9.7"
-    "@turbo/linux-arm64" "2.9.7"
-    "@turbo/windows-64" "2.9.7"
-    "@turbo/windows-arm64" "2.9.7"
+    "@turbo/darwin-64" "2.9.14"
+    "@turbo/darwin-arm64" "2.9.14"
+    "@turbo/linux-64" "2.9.14"
+    "@turbo/linux-arm64" "2.9.14"
+    "@turbo/windows-64" "2.9.14"
+    "@turbo/windows-arm64" "2.9.14"
 
 type-check@^0.4.0, type-check@~0.4.0:
   version "0.4.0"
@@ -1900,7 +1899,7 @@ uri-js@^4.2.2:
   dependencies:
     punycode "^2.1.0"
 
-uuid@10.0.0, uuid@^10.0.0:
+uuid@^10.0.0:
   version "10.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/uuid/-/uuid-10.0.0.tgz#5a95aa454e6e002725c79055fd42aaba30ca6294"
   integrity sha512-8XkAphELsDnEGrDxUOHB3RGvXz6TeuYSGEZBOjtTtPm2lwhGBjLgOzLHB63IUWfBpNucQjND6d3AOudO+H3RWQ==

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "0.4.24"
+__version__ = "0.4.26"

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/config.py

@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ DISALLOWED_BUILD_COMMAND_CHARS = [
 # This blocks background execution (cmd &) while allowing command
 # chaining (cmd1 && cmd2) which is common in build commands.
 _SINGLE_AMPERSAND_RE = re.compile(r"(?<!&)&(?:&&)*(?!&)")
+_API_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"^(?P<major>\d+)"
+    r"(?:\.(?P<minor>\d+))?"
+    r"(?:\.(?P<patch>\d+))?"
+    r"(?:(?:\.|)(?:[A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z]*))?$"
+)
 
 
 def has_disallowed_build_command_content(command: str) -> bool:
@@ -123,6 +129,18 @@ def _parse_node_version(version_str: str) -> int:
         ) from None
 
 
+def _parse_api_version_parts(version_str: str) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Parse an API version into numeric components.
+
+    Supports optional prerelease suffixes, e.g. `0.9.0rc1`.
+    """
+    version_core = version_str.split("-", 1)[0]
+    match = _API_VERSION_PATTERN.fullmatch(version_core)
+    if not match:
+        raise ValueError("Version must be major or major.minor or major.minor.patch.")
+    return tuple(int(part) for part in match.groups() if part is not None)
+
+
 def _is_node_graph(spec: str | dict) -> bool:
     """Check if a graph is a Node.js graph based on the file extension."""
     if isinstance(spec, dict):
@@ -176,12 +194,12 @@ def validate_config(config: Config) -> Config:
             )
     if api_version:
         try:
-            parts = tuple(map(int, api_version.split("-")[0].split(".")))
+            parts = _parse_api_version_parts(api_version)
             if len(parts) > 3:
                 raise ValueError(
                     "Version must be major or major.minor or major.minor.patch."
                 )
-        except TypeError:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
             raise click.UsageError(
                 f"Invalid version format: {api_version}.\n\n"
                 "Pin to a minor version, e.g.:\n"

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/deploy.py

@@ -115,6 +115,172 @@ class BuildResult:
     show_build_logs_on_failure: bool = False
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Structured output emitter
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_emitter: "_Emitter | None" = None
+_no_input: bool = False
+
+
+class _Emitter:
+    """Dual-mode output: JSON-lines (``--json``) or human-readable click text."""
+
+    def __init__(self, json_mode: bool) -> None:
+        self._json = json_mode
+
+    @property
+    def json_mode(self) -> bool:
+        return self._json
+
+    # -- Structured event helpers ------------------------------------------
+
+    def step(self, step: int, message: str, **extra: object) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "step", "step": step, "message": message, **extra})
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"{step}. {message}", fg="cyan")
+
+    def info(self, message: str, **extra: object) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "info", "message": message, **extra})
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"   {message}", fg="green")
+
+    def warn(self, message: str, **extra: object) -> None:
+        """Warning nested under a step. Text mode indents; JSON mode strips leading whitespace."""
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "warn", "message": message.lstrip(), **extra})
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"   {message}", fg="yellow")
+
+    def note(self, message: str, **extra: object) -> None:
+        """Top-level banner (pre-step). Text mode does not indent."""
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "note", "message": message, **extra})
+        else:
+            click.secho(message, fg="yellow")
+
+    def error(self, message: str, **extra: object) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "error", "message": message, **extra})
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"   {message}", fg="red")
+
+    def status_change(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        elapsed_seconds: float,
+        finished: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        mins, secs = divmod(int(elapsed_seconds), 60)
+        elapsed_str = f"{mins}m {secs:02d}s" if mins else f"{secs}s"
+        if self._json:
+            self._write(
+                {
+                    "event": "status_change",
+                    "status": status,
+                    "elapsed_seconds": round(elapsed_seconds, 1),
+                    "message": f"{status}... ({elapsed_str})",
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            click.echo(f"   {status}... ({elapsed_str})")
+
+    def log(self, message: str) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "log", "message": message})
+        else:
+            click.echo(f"   | {message}")
+
+    def status_url(self, url: str) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            self._write({"event": "status_url", "url": url})
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"   View status: {url}", fg="cyan")
+
+    def result(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        *,
+        deployment_id: str,
+        url: str | None = None,
+        status_url: str | None = None,
+        fallback_status_message: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            if status == "succeeded":
+                message = "Deployment successful!"
+            elif status == "failed":
+                message = "Deployment failed"
+            else:
+                message = "Timed out waiting for deployment."
+            payload: dict = {
+                "event": "result",
+                "status": status,
+                "deployment_id": deployment_id,
+                "message": message,
+            }
+            if url:
+                payload["url"] = url
+            if status_url:
+                payload["status_url"] = status_url
+            self._write(payload)
+        else:
+            if status == "succeeded":
+                click.secho("   Deployment successful!", fg="green")
+                if url:
+                    click.secho(f"   URL: {url}", fg="green")
+                if status_url:
+                    click.secho(f"   View status: {status_url}", fg="green")
+            elif status == "failed":
+                click.secho("   Deployment failed", fg="red")
+                if status_url:
+                    click.secho(f"   View status: {status_url}", fg="red")
+            elif status == "timed_out":
+                click.secho("   Timed out waiting for deployment.", fg="yellow")
+                if status_url:
+                    click.secho(f"   Check status at: {status_url}", fg="yellow")
+                elif fallback_status_message:
+                    click.secho(f"   {fallback_status_message}", fg="yellow")
+
+    def heartbeat(self, status: str, elapsed_seconds: float) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            mins, secs = divmod(int(elapsed_seconds), 60)
+            elapsed_str = f"{mins}m {secs:02d}s" if mins else f"{secs}s"
+            self._write(
+                {
+                    "event": "heartbeat",
+                    "status": status,
+                    "elapsed_seconds": round(elapsed_seconds, 1),
+                    "message": f"{status}... ({elapsed_str})",
+                }
+            )
+
+    def upload_progress(self, size_mb: float, pct: int) -> None:
+        if self._json:
+            self._write(
+                {
+                    "event": "upload_progress",
+                    "size_mb": round(size_mb, 1),
+                    "pct": pct,
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            click.echo(f"\r   Uploading ({size_mb:.1f} MB)... {pct}%", nl=False)
+
+    def _write(self, obj: dict) -> None:
+        import sys as _sys
+
+        _sys.stdout.write(json_mod.dumps(obj, default=str) + "\n")
+        _sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def _get_emitter() -> _Emitter:
+    """Return the module-level emitter (falls back to text mode)."""
+    return _emitter or _Emitter(json_mode=False)
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Validators
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -172,15 +338,16 @@ def find_deployment_id_by_name(
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def normalize_image_name(value: str | None) -> str:
-    """Sanitize a deployment/directory name into a valid Docker repository name.
+def normalize_name(value: str | None) -> str:
+    """Sanitize a deployment/directory name into a valid deployment name.
 
-    Docker repository names must be lowercase and may only contain
-    [a-z0-9._-].  Invalid characters are replaced with hyphens.
+    LangSmith Deployment names only allow lowercase
+    alphanumeric characters and hyphens ([a-z0-9-]).
+    Invalid characters are replaced with hyphens.
     """
     if not value:
         return "app"
-    slug = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9._-]+", "-", value.lower()).strip("-.")
+    slug = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9-]+", "-", value.lower()).strip("-")
     return slug or "app"
 
 
@@ -307,9 +474,8 @@ def _resolve_env_path(
     if isinstance(env_field, str):
         env_path = (config_path.parent / env_field).resolve()
         if not env_path.exists():
-            click.secho(
-                f"Warning: env file '{env_field}' specified in langgraph.json not found.",
-                fg="yellow",
+            _get_emitter().note(
+                f"Warning: env file '{env_field}' specified in langgraph.json not found."
             )
             return None
         return env_path
@@ -343,7 +509,7 @@ def _secrets_from_env(
     secrets: list[dict[str, str]] = []
     for name, value in env_vars.items():
         if name in RESERVED_ENV_VARS:
-            click.secho(f"   Skipping reserved env var: {name}", fg="yellow")
+            _get_emitter().note(f"Skipping reserved env var: {name}")
             continue
         if not value:
             continue
@@ -386,8 +552,8 @@ def _resolve_build_mode(
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _log_deploy_step(step: int, message: str) -> None:
-    click.secho(f"{step}. {message}", fg="cyan")
+def _log_deploy_step(step: int, message: str, **extra: object) -> None:
+    _get_emitter().step(step, message, **extra)
 
 
 def _resolve_deployment(
@@ -411,12 +577,13 @@ def _resolve_deployment(
     found_id = _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
         client, lambda c: find_deployment_id_by_name(c, name)
     )
+    em = _get_emitter()
     if found_id:
         deployment_id = str(found_id)
-        click.secho(f"   Found existing deployment (ID: {deployment_id})", fg="green")
+        em.info(f"Found existing deployment (ID: {deployment_id})")
     else:
         needs_creation = True
-        click.secho(not_found_message, fg="yellow")
+        em.warn(not_found_message)
     return deployment_id, needs_creation, step + 1
 
 
@@ -444,7 +611,7 @@ def _create_deployment(
         raise HostBackendError(
             "POST /v2/deployments succeeded but response missing a valid 'id'"
         )
-    click.secho(f"   Deployment ID: {created_id}", fg="green")
+    _get_emitter().info(f"Deployment ID: {created_id}", deployment_id=created_id)
     return created_id, step + 1
 
 
@@ -458,21 +625,36 @@ def _smith_dashboard_base_url(host_url: str | None) -> str:
     hostname = parsed.hostname or ""
     if hostname in ("localhost", "127.0.0.1"):
         return host_url.rstrip("/")
-    if hostname.startswith("eu."):
-        return "https://eu.smith.langchain.com"
+
+    api_host_suffix = "api.host.langchain.com"
+    if hostname == api_host_suffix:
+        return "https://smith.langchain.com"
+    if hostname.endswith(f".{api_host_suffix}"):
+        prefix = hostname[: -(len(api_host_suffix) + 1)]
+        return f"https://{prefix}.smith.langchain.com"
+
     return "https://smith.langchain.com"
 
 
-def _print_deployment_status_url(
+def _get_deployment_status_url(
     updated: object, deployment_id: str, host_url: str | None = None
-) -> None:
-    """Print the deployment status URL when tenant metadata is available."""
+) -> str | None:
+    """Compute the LangSmith dashboard URL for a deployment, if possible."""
     tenant_id = updated.get("tenant_id") if isinstance(updated, dict) else None
     if not tenant_id:
-        return
+        return None
     base = _smith_dashboard_base_url(host_url)
-    status_url = f"{base}/o/{tenant_id}/host/deployments/{deployment_id}"
-    click.secho(f"   View status: {status_url}", fg="cyan")
+    return f"{base}/o/{tenant_id}/host/deployments/{deployment_id}"
+
+
+def _emit_deployment_status_url(
+    updated: object, deployment_id: str, host_url: str | None = None
+) -> str | None:
+    """Emit the deployment status URL and return it."""
+    url = _get_deployment_status_url(updated, deployment_id, host_url)
+    if url:
+        _get_emitter().status_url(url)
+    return url
 
 
 def _poll_revision_status(
@@ -486,6 +668,7 @@ def _poll_revision_status(
     on_interrupt: Callable[[str], None] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[str, str | None]:
     """Poll latest revision status until terminal status or timeout."""
+    em = _get_emitter()
     revisions_resp = client.list_revisions(deployment_id, limit=1)
     resources = (
         revisions_resp.get("resources", []) if isinstance(revisions_resp, dict) else []
@@ -497,7 +680,11 @@ def _poll_revision_status(
     last_status = ""
     deadline = time.time() + timeout_seconds
     start_time = time.monotonic()
-    with Progress(message=progress_message, elapsed=True) as set_progress:
+    last_heartbeat = start_time
+    json_mode = em.json_mode
+    with Progress(
+        message=progress_message, elapsed=True, json_mode=json_mode
+    ) as set_progress:
         while time.time() < deadline:
             try:
                 rev = client.get_revision(deployment_id, revision_id)
@@ -514,14 +701,15 @@ def _poll_revision_status(
             if status != last_status:
                 set_progress("")
                 if last_status:
-                    elapsed = time.monotonic() - start_time
-                    mins, secs = divmod(int(elapsed), 60)
-                    elapsed_str = f"{mins}m {secs:02d}s" if mins else f"{secs}s"
-                    click.echo(f"   {last_status}... ({elapsed_str})")
+                    em.status_change(last_status, time.monotonic() - start_time)
                 last_status = status
                 if status in _TERMINAL_STATUSES:
                     break
                 set_progress(f"{status}...")
+                last_heartbeat = time.monotonic()
+            elif json_mode and time.monotonic() - last_heartbeat > 10:
+                em.heartbeat(last_status, time.monotonic() - start_time)
+                last_heartbeat = time.monotonic()
 
             if on_poll is not None:
                 on_poll(status, revision_id, set_progress)
@@ -538,8 +726,10 @@ def _print_deployment_result(
     last_status: str,
     *,
     dashboard_label: str,
+    status_url: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Print final deployment status and raise on failure."""
+    em = _get_emitter()
     dep_info = client.get_deployment(deployment_id)
     custom_url = None
     if isinstance(dep_info, dict):
@@ -548,24 +738,28 @@ def _print_deployment_result(
             custom_url = sc.get("custom_url")
 
     if last_status == "DEPLOYED":
-        click.secho("   Deployment successful!", fg="green")
-        if custom_url:
-            click.secho(f"   URL: {custom_url}", fg="green")
+        em.result(
+            "succeeded",
+            deployment_id=deployment_id,
+            url=custom_url,
+            status_url=status_url,
+        )
     elif last_status in ("BUILD_FAILED", "DEPLOY_FAILED", "CREATE_FAILED"):
-        click.secho(f"   Deployment failed: {last_status}", fg="red")
+        em.result(
+            "failed",
+            deployment_id=deployment_id,
+            status_url=status_url,
+        )
         raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
     else:
-        click.secho(
-            f"   Timed out waiting for deployment (last status: {last_status}).",
-            fg="yellow",
+        em.result(
+            "timed_out",
+            deployment_id=deployment_id,
+            status_url=status_url,
+            fallback_status_message=(
+                f"Check status in the LangSmith {dashboard_label}."
+            ),
         )
-        if custom_url:
-            click.secho(f"   Check status at: {custom_url}", fg="yellow")
-        else:
-            click.secho(
-                f"   Check status in the LangSmith {dashboard_label}.",
-                fg="yellow",
-            )
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -594,14 +788,16 @@ def _docker_config_for_token(registry_host: str, token: str):
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 _UPLOAD_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 300
+_BYTES_PER_MIB = 1_048_576
 
 
 class _ProgressReader:
-    """File-like wrapper that displays upload progress via click."""
+    """File-like wrapper that reports upload progress via the emitter."""
 
-    def __init__(self, fobj, file_size: int):
+    def __init__(self, fobj, file_size: int, emitter: "_Emitter"):
         self._fobj = fobj
         self._file_size = file_size
+        self._emitter = emitter
         self._uploaded = 0
 
     def read(self, size=-1):
@@ -611,10 +807,7 @@ class _ProgressReader:
             pct = (
                 int(self._uploaded * 100 / self._file_size) if self._file_size else 100
             )
-            click.echo(
-                f"\r   Uploading ({self._file_size / 1_048_576:.1f} MB)... {pct}%",
-                nl=False,
-            )
+            self._emitter.upload_progress(self._file_size / _BYTES_PER_MIB, pct)
         return data
 
     def __len__(self):
@@ -626,10 +819,13 @@ def _upload_to_gcs(signed_url: str, file_path: str, file_size: int) -> None:
     import urllib.error
     import urllib.request
 
+    em = _get_emitter()
+
     with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
+        reader = _ProgressReader(f, file_size, em)
         req = urllib.request.Request(
             signed_url,
-            data=_ProgressReader(f, file_size),
+            data=reader,
             method="PUT",
             headers={
                 "Content-Type": "application/gzip",
@@ -644,7 +840,8 @@ def _upload_to_gcs(signed_url: str, file_path: str, file_size: int) -> None:
             raise click.ClickException(
                 f"Upload failed with status {err.code}: {detail}"
             ) from None
-    click.echo()
+    if not em.json_mode:
+        click.echo()
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -752,7 +949,7 @@ def _run_local_build(
         if "://" in normalized_registry:
             normalized_registry = normalized_registry.split("//", 1)[1]
         repo_seed = image_name or name or config.parent.name
-        repo_name = normalize_image_name(repo_seed)
+        repo_name = normalize_name(repo_seed)
         tag_value = normalize_image_tag(tag)
         remote_image = f"{normalized_registry}/{repo_name}:{tag_value}"
 
@@ -811,9 +1008,8 @@ def _run_local_build(
                     break
                 except click.exceptions.Exit:
                     if attempt < max_push_retries - 1:
-                        click.secho(
-                            f"   Push failed, retrying (attempt {attempt + 2} of {max_push_retries})...",
-                            fg="yellow",
+                        _get_emitter().warn(
+                            f"   Push failed, retrying (attempt {attempt + 2} of {max_push_retries})..."
                         )
                     else:
                         raise
@@ -847,9 +1043,10 @@ def _run_remote_build(
     """Upload source tarball and trigger a remote build."""
     from langgraph_cli.archive import create_archive
 
+    em = _get_emitter()
     _log_deploy_step(step, "Creating source archive")
     with create_archive(config, config_json) as (archive_path, file_size, config_rel):
-        click.secho(f"   Archive created ({file_size / 1_048_576:.1f} MB)", fg="green")
+        em.info(f"Archive created ({file_size / _BYTES_PER_MIB:.1f} MB)")
         step += 1
 
         _log_deploy_step(step, "Requesting upload URL")
@@ -897,12 +1094,12 @@ def _run_remote_build(
                 if has_output:
                     set_progress("")
                     if not logs_header_printed:
-                        click.echo(f"   {status} (build logs):")
+                        em.info(f"{status} (build logs):")
                         logs_header_printed = True
                 for entry in entries:
                     msg = entry.get("message", "")
                     if msg:
-                        click.echo(f"   | {msg}")
+                        em.log(msg)
                 log_offset = logs_resp.get("next_offset") or log_offset
                 if has_output:
                     set_progress(f"{status}...")
@@ -910,11 +1107,10 @@ def _run_remote_build(
             pass
 
     def _handle_interrupt(revision_id: str) -> None:
-        click.secho(
-            f"\n   Interrupted. Deployment ID: {deployment_id}, Revision ID: {revision_id}",
-            fg="yellow",
+        em.warn(
+            f"\nInterrupted. Deployment ID: {deployment_id}, Revision ID: {revision_id}"
         )
-        click.secho("   The build will continue remotely.", fg="yellow")
+        em.warn("The build will continue remotely.")
 
     return BuildResult(
         updated=updated if isinstance(updated, dict) else {},
@@ -952,12 +1148,20 @@ def _create_host_backend_client(
                 resolved_api_key = val
                 break
     if not resolved_api_key:
+        if _no_input:
+            raise click.ClickException(
+                "No LangSmith API key found. Set LANGSMITH_API_KEY in the "
+                "environment or .env file."
+            )
         click.secho(
             "No LangSmith API key found. Create one at Settings > API Keys in LangSmith.",
             fg="yellow",
         )
         resolved_api_key = click.prompt("Enter LangSmith API key", hide_input=True)
-    return HostBackendClient(host_url, resolved_api_key)
+    tenant_id = env_vars.get("LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID") or os.environ.get(
+        "LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID"
+    )
+    return HostBackendClient(host_url, resolved_api_key, tenant_id=tenant_id)
 
 
 def _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
@@ -982,6 +1186,12 @@ def _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
                 and err.status_code == 403
                 and "requires workspace specification" in err.message
             ):
+                if _no_input:
+                    raise click.ClickException(
+                        "API key is org-scoped and requires a workspace ID. "
+                        "Set LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID in your .env file or "
+                        "use a workspace-scoped API key."
+                    ) from None
                 click.secho(
                     "Your API key is org-scoped and requires a workspace ID.",
                     fg="yellow",
@@ -1189,6 +1399,19 @@ def _deploy_base_options(
                     "if Docker is not available locally."
                 ),
             ),
+            click.option(
+                "--json",
+                "json_output",
+                is_flag=True,
+                default=False,
+                help="Emit structured JSON-lines to stdout instead of human-readable text.",
+            ),
+            click.option(
+                "--no-input",
+                is_flag=True,
+                default=False,
+                help="Never prompt for input; fail with an error if a required value is missing.",
+            ),
         ]
         if include_docker_args:
             # Only attach build args to the default command; on the group they
@@ -1256,36 +1479,50 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
     no_wait: bool,
     remote_build_flag: bool | None,
     docker_build_args: Sequence[str],
+    json_output: bool,
+    no_input: bool,
 ):
-    click.secho(
-        "Note: 'langgraph deploy' is in beta. Expect frequent updates and improvements.",
-        fg="yellow",
+    global _emitter, _no_input
+    _emitter = _Emitter(json_mode=json_output)
+    _no_input = no_input
+    em = _emitter
+
+    em.note(
+        "Note: 'langgraph deploy' is in beta. Expect frequent updates and improvements."
     )
-    click.echo()
+    if not json_output:
+        click.echo()
 
     # -- 1. Preflight --
     validate_deploy_commands(install_command, build_command)
     config_json = langgraph_cli.config.validate_config_file(config)
-    warn_non_wolfi_distro(config_json)
+    warn_non_wolfi_distro(config_json, emit=em.note)
 
     env_vars = _parse_env_from_config(config_json, config)
 
     if not deployment_id and not name:
         name = env_vars.get(_DEPLOYMENT_NAME_ENV)
     if not deployment_id and not name:
-        default_name = normalize_image_name(pathlib.Path.cwd().name)
-        name = click.prompt("Deployment name", default=default_name)
-        env_path = _resolve_env_path(config_json, config)
-        if env_path is not None:
-            set_key(str(env_path), _DEPLOYMENT_NAME_ENV, name)
-            click.echo(f"Saved deployment name to {env_path}")
+        default_name = normalize_name(pathlib.Path.cwd().name)
+        if no_input:
+            name = default_name
+        else:
+            name = click.prompt("Deployment name", default=default_name)
+    if name and not deployment_id:
+        name = normalize_name(name)
+        if not no_input:
+            env_path = _resolve_env_path(config_json, config)
+            if env_path is not None:
+                set_key(str(env_path), _DEPLOYMENT_NAME_ENV, name)
+                em.info(f"Saved deployment name to {env_path}")
 
     secrets = _secrets_from_env(_env_without_deployment_name(env_vars))
 
     use_remote_build, local_build_error = _resolve_build_mode(remote_build_flag)
     if use_remote_build and remote_build_flag is None and local_build_error:
-        click.secho(f"{local_build_error}\nUsing remote build instead.", fg="yellow")
-        click.echo()
+        em.note(f"{local_build_error}\nUsing remote build instead.")
+        if not json_output:
+            click.echo()
 
     # -- 2. Resolve / create deployment --
     client = _create_host_backend_client(host_url, api_key, env_vars=env_vars)
@@ -1297,9 +1534,9 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
         deployment_id,
         name,
         not_found_message=(
-            "   No deployment found. Will create."
+            "No deployment found. Will create."
             if use_remote_build
-            else "   No deployment found. Will create after build."
+            else "No deployment found. Will create after build."
         ),
     )
 
@@ -1350,10 +1587,14 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
         )
 
     # -- 4. Shared wait + result --
-    _print_deployment_status_url(build_result.updated, deployment_id, host_url)
+    dep_status_url = _emit_deployment_status_url(
+        build_result.updated,
+        deployment_id,
+        host_url,
+    )
 
     if no_wait:
-        click.secho(f"   {build_result.no_result_message}", fg="green")
+        em.info(build_result.no_result_message)
         return
 
     last_status, revision_id = _poll_revision_status(
@@ -1366,7 +1607,7 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
         on_interrupt=build_result.on_interrupt,
     )
     if not last_status:
-        click.secho(f"   {build_result.no_result_message}", fg="green")
+        em.info(build_result.no_result_message)
         return
 
     if (
@@ -1375,7 +1616,7 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
         and not verbose
         and revision_id is not None
     ):
-        click.secho("   Last build log lines:", fg="red")
+        em.error("Last build log lines:")
         try:
             logs_resp = client.get_build_logs(
                 deployment_id,
@@ -1387,19 +1628,17 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
                 for entry in entries:
                     msg = entry.get("message", "")
                     if msg:
-                        click.echo(f"   | {msg}")
+                        em.log(msg)
         except Exception:
-            click.secho("   (failed to fetch build logs)", fg="red")
-        click.secho(
-            "   Re-run with --verbose to see full build output.",
-            fg="yellow",
-        )
+            em.error("(failed to fetch build logs)")
+        em.warn("Re-run with --verbose to see full build output.")
 
     _print_deployment_result(
         client,
         deployment_id,
         last_status,
         dashboard_label="Deployment dashboard",
+        status_url=dep_status_url,
     )
 
 

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/progress.py

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ class Progress:
         while True:
             yield from "|/-\\"
 
-    def __init__(self, *, message="", elapsed: bool = False):
+    def __init__(self, *, message="", elapsed: bool = False, json_mode: bool = False):
         self.message = message
         self._base_message = message
         self._show_elapsed = elapsed
+        self._json_mode = json_mode
         # use this to make sure we don't kill thread when we set msg to ""
         self._stop = threading.Event()
         # signalled when the spinner has no text on screen
@@ -69,6 +70,9 @@ class Progress:
             self._line_clear.set()
 
     def __enter__(self) -> Callable[[str], None]:
+        if self._json_mode:
+            return lambda message: None
+
         if sys.stdout.isatty():
             self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.spinner_task)
             self.thread.start()
@@ -90,6 +94,8 @@ class Progress:
             return set_message
 
     def __exit__(self, exception, value, tb):
+        if self._json_mode:
+            return
         if sys.stdout.isatty():
             self.message = ""
             self._stop.set()

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/util.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """General-purpose utilities shared across the LangGraph CLI."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 import click
 
 
@@ -7,21 +9,42 @@ def clean_empty_lines(input_str: str):
     return "\n".join(filter(None, input_str.splitlines()))
 
 
-def warn_non_wolfi_distro(config_json: dict) -> None:
-    """Show warning if image_distro is not set to 'wolfi'."""
+def warn_non_wolfi_distro(
+    config_json: dict,
+    *,
+    emit: Callable[[str], None] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Show warning if image_distro is not set to 'wolfi'.
+
+    When ``emit`` is provided, each warning line is sent through it (used by
+    callers that need JSON-aware output). Otherwise falls back to colored
+    ``click.secho`` output.
+    """
     image_distro = config_json.get("image_distro", "debian")  # Default is debian
-    if image_distro != "wolfi":
-        click.secho(
-            "⚠️  Security Recommendation: Consider switching to Wolfi Linux for enhanced security.",
-            fg="yellow",
-            bold=True,
+    if image_distro == "wolfi":
+        return
+    if emit is not None:
+        emit(
+            "⚠️  Security Recommendation: Consider switching to Wolfi Linux for enhanced security."
         )
-        click.secho(
-            "   Wolfi is a security-oriented, minimal Linux distribution designed for containers.",
-            fg="yellow",
+        emit(
+            "   Wolfi is a security-oriented, minimal Linux distribution designed for containers."
         )
-        click.secho(
-            '   To switch, add \'"image_distro": "wolfi"\' to your langgraph.json config file.',
-            fg="yellow",
+        emit(
+            '   To switch, add \'"image_distro": "wolfi"\' to your langgraph.json config file.'
         )
-        click.secho("")  # Empty line for better readability
+        return
+    click.secho(
+        "⚠️  Security Recommendation: Consider switching to Wolfi Linux for enhanced security.",
+        fg="yellow",
+        bold=True,
+    )
+    click.secho(
+        "   Wolfi is a security-oriented, minimal Linux distribution designed for containers.",
+        fg="yellow",
+    )
+    click.secho(
+        '   To switch, add \'"image_distro": "wolfi"\' to your langgraph.json config file.',
+        fg="yellow",
+    )
+    click.secho("")  # Empty line for better readability

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_config.py

@@ -2944,6 +2944,23 @@ def test_docker_tag_with_api_version(in_config: bool):
     assert tag == f"langchain/langgraph-server:{version}-py3.11"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("in_config", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("version", ["0.9.0rc1", "0.9.0.dev1"])
+def test_docker_tag_with_prerelease_api_version(version: str, in_config: bool):
+    """Test docker_tag with prerelease and dev api_version values."""
+    config = validate_config(
+        {
+            "python_version": "3.11",
+            "dependencies": ["."],
+            "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+            "api_version": version if in_config else None,
+        }
+    )
+
+    tag = docker_tag(config, api_version=version if not in_config else None)
+    assert tag == f"langchain/langgraph-api:{version}-py3.11"
+
+
 def test_config_to_docker_with_api_version():
     """Test config_to_docker function with api_version parameter."""
 

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_deploy_helpers.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import base64
+import io
 import json
 import os
+import sys
 
 import click
 import httpx
@@ -8,12 +10,15 @@ import pytest
 
 from langgraph_cli.deploy import (
     _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant,
+    _create_host_backend_client,
     _docker_config_for_token,
+    _Emitter,
     _env_without_deployment_name,
     _parse_env_from_config,
     _resolve_env_path,
-    normalize_image_name,
+    _smith_dashboard_base_url,
     normalize_image_tag,
+    normalize_name,
 )
 from langgraph_cli.host_backend import HostBackendClient, HostBackendError
 
@@ -40,30 +45,33 @@ class TestDockerConfigForToken:
             assert "gcr.io" in data["auths"]
 
 
-class TestNormalizeImageName:
+class TestNormalizeName:
     def test_simple_name(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("myapp") == "myapp"
+        assert normalize_name("myapp") == "myapp"
 
     def test_uppercase_lowered(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("MyApp") == "myapp"
+        assert normalize_name("MyApp") == "myapp"
 
     def test_special_chars_replaced(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("my app!@#v2") == "my-app-v2"
+        assert normalize_name("my app!@#v2") == "my-app-v2"
 
-    def test_dots_and_hyphens_kept(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("my-app.v2") == "my-app.v2"
+    def test_dots_replaced_with_hyphens(self):
+        assert normalize_name("my-app.v2") == "my-app-v2"
+
+    def test_underscores_replaced_with_hyphens(self):
+        assert normalize_name("simple_graph_name") == "simple-graph-name"
 
     def test_leading_trailing_stripped(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("--my-app..") == "my-app"
+        assert normalize_name("--my-app..") == "my-app"
 
     def test_empty_string_returns_app(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("") == "app"
+        assert normalize_name("") == "app"
 
     def test_none_returns_app(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name(None) == "app"
+        assert normalize_name(None) == "app"
 
     def test_all_invalid_chars_returns_app(self):
-        assert normalize_image_name("!!!") == "app"
+        assert normalize_name("!!!") == "app"
 
 
 class TestNormalizeImageTag:
@@ -271,3 +279,256 @@ class TestCallHostBackendWithOptionalTenant:
             _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
                 client, lambda c: c.list_deployments()
             )
+
+    def test_workspace_prompt_blocked_by_no_input(self, monkeypatch):
+        """With _no_input=True, 403 requiring workspace should raise ClickException."""
+        import langgraph_cli.deploy as deploy_mod
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_mod, "_no_input", True)
+
+        requires_workspace = '{"detail":"requires workspace specification"}'
+        client = self._make_client(
+            lambda req: httpx.Response(403, text=requires_workspace)
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(click.ClickException, match="workspace"):
+            _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
+                client, lambda c: c.list_deployments()
+            )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _Emitter JSON mode
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestEmitterJsonMode:
+    """Verify that _Emitter in json_mode writes valid JSON-lines to stdout."""
+
+    def _capture(self, fn):
+        """Run fn with stdout captured and return parsed JSON objects."""
+        buf = io.StringIO()
+        old = sys.stdout
+        sys.stdout = buf
+        try:
+            fn()
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = old
+        lines = [line for line in buf.getvalue().splitlines() if line.strip()]
+        return [json.loads(line) for line in lines]
+
+    def test_step_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.step(1, "Building image"))
+        assert len(events) == 1
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "step"
+        assert events[0]["step"] == 1
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "Building image"
+
+    def test_info_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.info("All good"))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "info"
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "All good"
+
+    def test_warn_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.warn("Careful"))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "warn"
+
+    def test_error_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.error("Boom"))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "error"
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "Boom"
+
+    def test_status_change_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.status_change("building", 12.345))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "status_change"
+        assert events[0]["status"] == "building"
+        assert events[0]["elapsed_seconds"] == 12.3
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "building... (12s)"
+
+    def test_status_change_event_with_minutes(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.status_change("deploying", 95.0))
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "deploying... (1m 35s)"
+
+    def test_log_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.log("some output"))
+        assert events[0] == {"event": "log", "message": "some output"}
+
+    def test_status_url_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(
+            lambda: em.status_url("https://smith.langchain.com/deploy/123")
+        )
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "status_url"
+        assert events[0]["url"] == "https://smith.langchain.com/deploy/123"
+
+    def test_result_event_full(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(
+            lambda: em.result(
+                "succeeded",
+                deployment_id="dep-1",
+                url="https://app.example.com",
+                status_url="https://smith.langchain.com/deploy/dep-1",
+            )
+        )
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "result"
+        assert events[0]["status"] == "succeeded"
+        assert events[0]["deployment_id"] == "dep-1"
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "Deployment successful!"
+        assert events[0]["url"] == "https://app.example.com"
+        assert events[0]["status_url"] == "https://smith.langchain.com/deploy/dep-1"
+
+    def test_result_event_minimal(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.result("failed", deployment_id="dep-2"))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "result"
+        assert events[0]["status"] == "failed"
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "Deployment failed"
+        assert "url" not in events[0]
+        assert "status_url" not in events[0]
+
+    def test_heartbeat_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.heartbeat("building", 30.789))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "heartbeat"
+        assert events[0]["elapsed_seconds"] == 30.8
+        assert events[0]["message"] == "building... (30s)"
+
+    def test_heartbeat_silent_in_text_mode(self, capsys):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=False)
+        em.heartbeat("building", 10.0)
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert captured.out == ""
+
+    def test_upload_progress_event(self):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=True)
+        events = self._capture(lambda: em.upload_progress(5.678, 42))
+        assert events[0]["event"] == "upload_progress"
+        assert events[0]["size_mb"] == 5.7
+        assert events[0]["pct"] == 42
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _Emitter text mode (non-json)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestEmitterTextMode:
+    """Verify that _Emitter in text mode uses click.echo/click.secho."""
+
+    def test_step_writes_text(self, capsys):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=False)
+        em.step(1, "Hello")
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "1. Hello" in captured.out
+
+    def test_log_writes_text(self, capsys):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=False)
+        em.log("my line")
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "my line" in captured.out
+
+    def test_result_succeeded_text(self, capsys):
+        em = _Emitter(json_mode=False)
+        em.result("succeeded", deployment_id="d1", url="https://app.test")
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        lines = [line.strip() for line in captured.out.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+        assert "Deployment successful!" in lines
+        assert "URL: https://app.test" in lines
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# --no-input guard on _create_host_backend_client
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestCreateHostBackendClientNoInput:
+    def test_raises_when_no_api_key_and_no_input(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+        import langgraph_cli.deploy as deploy_mod
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_mod, "_no_input", True)
+        monkeypatch.delenv("LANGSMITH_API_KEY", raising=False)
+        monkeypatch.delenv("LANGCHAIN_API_KEY", raising=False)
+        monkeypatch.delenv("LANGGRAPH_HOST_API_KEY", raising=False)
+
+        with pytest.raises(click.ClickException, match="API key"):
+            _create_host_backend_client(
+                host_url="https://api.example.com",
+                api_key=None,
+                env_vars={},
+            )
+
+    def test_succeeds_with_api_key_in_env(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+        import langgraph_cli.deploy as deploy_mod
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_mod, "_no_input", True)
+        monkeypatch.setenv("LANGSMITH_API_KEY", "lsv2_test")
+
+        client = _create_host_backend_client(
+            host_url="https://api.example.com",
+            api_key=None,
+            env_vars={},
+        )
+        assert client is not None
+
+
+class TestSmithDashboardBaseUrl:
+    def test_none_returns_default(self):
+        assert _smith_dashboard_base_url(None) == "https://smith.langchain.com"
+
+    def test_empty_returns_default(self):
+        assert _smith_dashboard_base_url("") == "https://smith.langchain.com"
+
+    def test_prod_host_url(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("https://api.host.langchain.com")
+            == "https://smith.langchain.com"
+        )
+
+    def test_dev_host_url(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("https://dev.api.host.langchain.com")
+            == "https://dev.smith.langchain.com"
+        )
+
+    def test_eu_host_url(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("https://eu.api.host.langchain.com")
+            == "https://eu.smith.langchain.com"
+        )
+
+    def test_staging_host_url(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("https://staging.api.host.langchain.com")
+            == "https://staging.smith.langchain.com"
+        )
+
+    def test_localhost(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("http://localhost:8080")
+            == "http://localhost:8080"
+        )
+
+    def test_localhost_trailing_slash(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("http://localhost:8080/")
+            == "http://localhost:8080"
+        )
+
+    def test_127_0_0_1(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("http://127.0.0.1:3000")
+            == "http://127.0.0.1:3000"
+        )
+
+    def test_unknown_domain_returns_default(self):
+        assert (
+            _smith_dashboard_base_url("https://custom.example.com")
+            == "https://smith.langchain.com"
+        )

libs/cli/uv-examples/monorepo/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "uv workspace monorepo example for LangGraph CLI integration test"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 dependencies = [
     "langgraph>=0.6.0,<2",
-    "langchain-core>=0.2.14",
+    "langchain-core>=1.3.3",
 ]
 
 [tool.uv.workspace]

libs/cli/uv-examples/monorepo/uv.lock

@@ -215,10 +215,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.2.28"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
+    { name = "langchain-protocol" },
     { name = "langsmith" },
     { name = "packaging" },
     { name = "pydantic" },
@@ -227,9 +228,21 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
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+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "langchain-protocol"
+version = "0.0.15"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/24/9777489d6fbbee64af0c8f96d4f840239c408cf694f3394672807dafc490/langchain_protocol-0.0.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9ab2d11ee73944754f10e037e717098d3a6796f0e58afa9cadda6154e7655ade", size = 5862, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:04.748Z" }
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 [[package]]
@@ -290,7 +303,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
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@@ -664,11 +677,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -711,7 +724,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=0.2.14" },
+    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.3.3" },
     { name = "langgraph", specifier = ">=0.6.0,<2" },
 ]
 

libs/cli/uv-examples/simple/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description = "Simple single-package uv example for LangGraph CLI integration te
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 dependencies = [
     "langgraph>=0.6.0,<2",
-    "langchain-core>=0.2.14",
+    "langchain-core>=1.3.3",
 ]
 
 [build-system]

libs/cli/uv-examples/simple/uv.lock

@@ -191,10 +191,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.2.28"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
+    { name = "langchain-protocol" },
     { name = "langsmith" },
     { name = "packaging" },
     { name = "pydantic" },
@@ -203,9 +204,21 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
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+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "langchain-protocol"
+version = "0.0.15"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
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@@ -266,7 +279,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langsmith"
-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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 [[package]]
@@ -614,7 +627,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=0.2.14" },
+    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.3.3" },
     { name = "langgraph", specifier = ">=0.6.0,<2" },
 ]
 
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 [[package]]

libs/cli/uv.lock

@@ -797,11 +797,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -946,10 +946,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "langchain-protocol", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "langsmith", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "packaging", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "pydantic", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
@@ -958,9 +959,21 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "uuid-utils", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/fe/20190232d9b513242899dbb0c2bb77e31b4d61e343743adbe90ebc2603d2/langchain_core-1.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:14a39f528bf459aa3aa40d0a7f7f1bae7520d435ef991ae14a4ceb74d8c49046", size = 860755, upload-time = "2026-04-17T14:51:38.298Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d3/ae/8b74458fc3850ec3d150eb9f45e857db129dafa801fb5cf173dfc9f8bbf3/langchain_core-1.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fa510a5db8efdc0c6ff41c0939fb5c00a0183c11f6b84233e892e3227ff69182", size = 915041, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:36.612Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f8/e2/dbfa347aa072a6dc4cd38d6f9ebfc730b4c14c258c47f480f4c5c546f177/langchain_core-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:baf16ee028475df177b9ab8869a751c79406d64a6f12125b93802991b566cced", size = 515140, upload-time = "2026-04-17T14:51:36.274Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/01/4771b7ab2af1d1aba5b710bd8f13d9225c609425214b357590a17b01be77/langchain_core-1.3.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:18aae8506f37da7f74398492279a7d6efcee4f8e23c4c41c7af080eeb7ef7bd1", size = 543857, upload-time = "2026-05-05T19:02:34.52Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "langchain-protocol"
+version = "0.0.15"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/24/9777489d6fbbee64af0c8f96d4f840239c408cf694f3394672807dafc490/langchain_protocol-0.0.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9ab2d11ee73944754f10e037e717098d3a6796f0e58afa9cadda6154e7655ade", size = 5862, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:04.748Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/7a/9c97a7b9cbe4c5dc6a44cdb1545450c28f0c8ce89b9c1f0ee7fbad896263/langchain_protocol-0.0.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:461eb794358f83d5e42635a5797799ffec7b4702314e34edf73ac21e75d3ef79", size = 6982, upload-time = "2026-05-01T22:30:03.877Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1161,7 +1174,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langsmith"
-version = "0.7.32"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
@@ -1174,9 +1187,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "xxhash", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "zstandard", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2f/b4/a0b4a501bee6b8a741ce29f8c48155b132118483cddc6f9247735ddb38fa/langsmith-0.7.32.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b59b8e106d0e4c4842e158229296086e2aa7c561e3f602acda73d3ad0062e915", size = 1184518, upload-time = "2026-04-15T23:42:41.885Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/64/95f1f013531395f4e8ed73caeee780f65c7c58fe028cb543f8937b45611b/langsmith-0.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:59fe5b2a56bbbe14a08aa76691f84b49e8675dd21e11b57d80c6db8c08bac2e3", size = 4432996, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:07.341Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/62/bc/148f98ac7dad73ac5e1b1c985290079cfeeb9ba13d760a24f25002beb2c9/langsmith-0.7.32-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e1fde928990c4c52f47dc5132708cec674355d9101723d564183e965f383bf5f", size = 378272, upload-time = "2026-04-15T23:42:39.905Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/e1/a4be2e696c9473bb53298df398237da5674704d781d4b748ed35aeef592a/langsmith-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:12cc4bc5622b835a6d841964d6034df3617bdb912dae0c1381fd0a68a9b3a3ef", size = 393268, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:05.56Z" },
 ]
 
 [package.optional-dependencies]
@@ -2307,11 +2320,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.6.3"
+version = "2.7.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/24/5f1b3bdffd70275f6661c76461e25f024d5a38a46f04aaca912426a2b1d3/urllib3-2.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b62b6884944a57dbe321509ab94fd4d3b307075e0c2eae991ac71ee15ad38ed", size = 435556, upload-time = "2026-01-07T16:24:43.925Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/langgraph/langgraph/_internal/_config.py

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ from langgraph._internal._constants import (
 )
 
 DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = int(getenv("LANGGRAPH_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT", "10007"))
+DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT = int(
+    getenv("LANGGRAPH_DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT", "5000")
+)
 
 
 def recast_checkpoint_ns(ns: str) -> str:

libs/langgraph/langgraph/channels/delta.py

@@ -26,6 +26,15 @@ class DeltaChannel(Generic[Value], BaseChannel[Any, Any, Any]):
     """Reducer channel that stores only a sentinel in checkpoint blobs and
     reconstructs state by replaying ancestor writes through the reducer.
 
+    !!! warning "Beta"
+
+        `DeltaChannel` is in beta. The API and on-disk representation may
+        change in future releases. Threads written with `DeltaChannel` today
+        are expected to remain readable, but the surrounding contract
+        (`BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history`, the
+        `_DeltaSnapshot` blob shape, the `counters_since_delta_snapshot`
+        metadata field) is not yet stable.
+
     The reducer receives the current accumulated value and a batch of writes
     in one call: `reducer(state, [write1, write2, ...]) -> new_state`.
 
@@ -38,9 +47,12 @@ class DeltaChannel(Generic[Value], BaseChannel[Any, Any, Any]):
     This lets LangGraph replay checkpointed writes in larger batches than they
     were originally produced without changing reconstructed state.
 
-    Snapshot cadence is driven by per-channel update count. `create_checkpoint`
-    writes a full `_DeltaSnapshot` blob every `snapshot_frequency` updates to
-    this channel, bounding replay depth.
+    Snapshot cadence is driven by two counters: per-channel update count and
+    total supersteps since last snapshot. `create_checkpoint` writes a full
+    `_DeltaSnapshot` blob when EITHER the update count reaches
+    `snapshot_frequency` OR the supersteps count reaches the system-wide
+    `DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT` bound (default 5000), bounding
+    replay depth even for channels that stop receiving writes.
 
     Parameters:
         reducer: `(state, list[writes]) -> new_state`. Must be deterministic

libs/langgraph/langgraph/graph/state.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import typing
 import warnings
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Hashable, Sequence
-from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, is_dataclass
 from datetime import timedelta
 from functools import partial
 from inspect import isclass, isfunction, ismethod, signature
@@ -95,6 +95,17 @@ __all__ = ("StateGraph", "CompiledStateGraph")
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _CHANNEL_BRANCH_TO = "branch:to:{}"
+_DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER_NODE = "__default_error_handler__"
+
+
+@dataclass(slots=True)
+class _NodeDefaults:
+    """Default node policies applied to every node at compile time."""
+
+    retry_policy: RetryPolicy | Sequence[RetryPolicy] | None = None
+    cache_policy: CachePolicy | None = None
+    error_handler: StateNode[Any, Any] | None = None
+    timeout: TimeoutPolicy | None = None
 
 
 def _warn_invalid_state_schema(schema: type[Any] | Any) -> None:
@@ -251,10 +262,77 @@ class StateGraph(Generic[StateT, ContextT, InputT, OutputT]):
         self.output_schema = cast(type[OutputT], output_schema or state_schema)
         self.context_schema = context_schema
 
+        self._node_defaults: _NodeDefaults = _NodeDefaults()
+
         self._add_schema(self.state_schema)
         self._add_schema(self.input_schema, allow_managed=False)
         self._add_schema(self.output_schema, allow_managed=False)
 
+    def set_node_defaults(
+        self,
+        *,
+        retry_policy: RetryPolicy | Sequence[RetryPolicy] | None = None,
+        cache_policy: CachePolicy | None = None,
+        error_handler: StateNode[Any, ContextT] | None = None,
+        timeout: float | timedelta | TimeoutPolicy | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Set default node policies that apply to every node in this graph.
+
+        Per-node values passed to `add_node` always take precedence over these
+        defaults. Defaults are applied at `compile()` time. Policies set here
+        are **not** inherited by subgraphs.
+
+        `retry_policy` and `timeout` defaults apply to **all** nodes,
+        including error-handler nodes. `cache_policy` and `error_handler`
+        defaults only apply to regular nodes -- caching error-handler results
+        is unsafe, and handlers must never catch themselves.
+
+        Args:
+            retry_policy: Default retry policy for nodes that don't specify
+                their own via `add_node(..., retry_policy=...)`. Also applies
+                to error-handler nodes.
+            cache_policy: Default cache policy for nodes that don't specify
+                their own via `add_node(..., cache_policy=...)`. Does **not**
+                apply to error-handler nodes.
+            error_handler: Default error handler invoked when any regular node
+                raises and does not have its own `error_handler` set via
+                `add_node`. The handler is **not** invoked when an
+                error-handler node itself raises -- handler failures fail the
+                run.
+            timeout: Default timeout policy for nodes that don't specify their
+                own via `add_node(..., timeout=...)`. Also applies to
+                error-handler nodes. Accepts a `TimeoutPolicy`, a number of
+                seconds (`float`), or a `timedelta`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Self: The builder instance, for chaining.
+
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            graph = (
+                StateGraph(State)
+                .set_node_defaults(
+                    retry_policy=RetryPolicy(max_attempts=3),
+                    error_handler=my_fallback_handler,
+                )
+                .add_node("a", node_a)
+                .add_node("b", node_b, retry_policy=custom_retry)  # overrides default
+                .add_edge(START, "a")
+                .compile()
+            )
+            ```
+        """
+        defaults = self._node_defaults
+        if retry_policy is not None:
+            defaults.retry_policy = retry_policy
+        if cache_policy is not None:
+            defaults.cache_policy = cache_policy
+        if error_handler is not None:
+            defaults.error_handler = error_handler
+        if timeout is not None:
+            defaults.timeout = coerce_timeout_policy(timeout)
+        return self
+
     @property
     def _all_edges(self) -> set[tuple[str, str]]:
         return self.edges | {
@@ -1193,10 +1271,63 @@ class StateGraph(Generic[StateT, ContextT, InputT, OutputT]):
                 key for key, val in self.channels.items() if not is_managed_value(val)
             ]
         )
+        # Apply builder defaults to node specs. Per-node values always win.
+        # Error-handler routing and cache_policy are only assigned to regular
+        # nodes. Retry and timeout defaults also apply to error-handler nodes.
+        defaults = self._node_defaults
+        default_handler_name: str | None = None
+        if defaults.error_handler is not None:
+            if _DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER_NODE in self.nodes:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Auto-generated default error handler node "
+                    f"`{_DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER_NODE}` already exists."
+                )
+            default_handler_name = _DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER_NODE
+            self.nodes[default_handler_name] = StateNodeSpec[Any, ContextT](
+                coerce_to_runnable(
+                    defaults.error_handler,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    name=default_handler_name,
+                    trace=False,
+                ),
+                metadata=None,
+                input_schema=self.state_schema,
+                retry_policy=None,
+                cache_policy=None,
+                is_error_handler=True,
+            )
+
+        # Apply builder defaults to node specs. Per-node values always win.
+        for spec in self.nodes.values():
+            # error_handler: regular nodes only — handlers must never
+            # catch themselves or other handlers.
+            if (
+                not spec.is_error_handler
+                and default_handler_name is not None
+                and spec.error_handler_node is None
+            ):
+                spec.error_handler_node = default_handler_name
+            # retry: all nodes — handlers should be retried on transient
+            # failures just like regular nodes.
+            if defaults.retry_policy is not None and spec.retry_policy is None:
+                spec.retry_policy = defaults.retry_policy
+            # cache: regular nodes only — caching an error-handler result
+            # is unsafe because the input (failed-node state) may differ
+            # across failures even when the cache key matches.
+            if (
+                not spec.is_error_handler
+                and defaults.cache_policy is not None
+                and spec.cache_policy is None
+            ):
+                spec.cache_policy = defaults.cache_policy
+            # timeout: all nodes — a stuck handler should be cancelled the
+            # same way a stuck regular node would be.
+            if defaults.timeout is not None and spec.timeout is None:
+                spec.timeout = defaults.timeout
+
         node_error_handler_map = {
             node_name: spec.error_handler_node
             for node_name, spec in self.nodes.items()
-            if spec.error_handler_node is not None
+            if not spec.is_error_handler and spec.error_handler_node is not None
         }
 
         compiled = CompiledStateGraph[StateT, ContextT, InputT, OutputT](

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_checkpoint.py

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     BaseCheckpointSaver,
     Checkpoint,
-    CheckpointMetadata,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
 
+from langgraph._internal._config import DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT
 from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
 from langgraph.channels.base import BaseChannel
 from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
@@ -34,28 +34,28 @@ def empty_checkpoint() -> Checkpoint:
     )
 
 
-def _should_snapshot_delta(
-    name: str,
-    ch: DeltaChannel,
-    updates_since_snapshot: Mapping[str, int],
-    *,
-    force: bool,
-) -> bool:
-    """Decide whether `ch` should write a `_DeltaSnapshot` this step.
+def delta_channels_to_snapshot(
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel],
+    counters_since_delta_snapshot: Mapping[str, tuple[int, int]],
+) -> set[str]:
+    """Return the set of DeltaChannel names that should snapshot now.
 
-    Triggers:
-      * `force` — always snapshot (used by `durability="exit"`).
-      * Update-count: this channel has accumulated at least
-        `snapshot_frequency` updates since its last snapshot. The count
-        is supplied by the caller via `updates_since_snapshot[name]` and
-        is reset to `0` whenever a snapshot fires.
-
-    Version-format-independent: works for `int`, `float`, and `str`
-    versioning schemes alike.
+    A channel snapshots when EITHER its accumulated update count reaches
+    `snapshot_frequency` OR the total supersteps since its last snapshot
+    reaches `DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT`. This is a pure
+    predicate — no mutation.
     """
-    if force:
-        return True
-    return updates_since_snapshot.get(name, 0) >= ch.snapshot_frequency
+    result: set[str] = set()
+    for name, ch in channels.items():
+        if not isinstance(ch, DeltaChannel) or not ch.is_available():
+            continue
+        updates, supersteps = counters_since_delta_snapshot.get(name, (0, 0))
+        if (
+            updates >= ch.snapshot_frequency
+            or supersteps >= DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT
+        ):
+            result.add(name)
+    return result
 
 
 def create_checkpoint(
@@ -66,34 +66,19 @@ def create_checkpoint(
     id: str | None = None,
     updated_channels: set[str] | None = None,
     get_next_version: GetNextVersion | None = None,
-    force_delta_snapshot: bool = False,
-    updates_since_snapshot: Mapping[str, int] | None = None,
-    new_updates_since_snapshot: dict[str, int] | None = None,
+    channels_to_snapshot: set[str] | None = None,
 ) -> Checkpoint:
-    """Create a checkpoint for the given channels.
+    """Build a new Checkpoint from the previous one and live channel state.
 
-    For each `DeltaChannel`, a `_DeltaSnapshot(value)` blob is written into
-    `channel_values[k]` when this channel has accumulated at least
-    `snapshot_frequency` updates since its last snapshot (counter supplied
-    via `updates_since_snapshot`). Otherwise the channel is omitted from
-    `channel_values`; its `channel_versions` entry still bumps so that the
-    saver tracks the channel and the ancestor walk can replay writes.
-
-    Snapshots are eager: even if the channel had no write this step, a
-    version bump is forced (via `get_next_version`) so `put()` includes
-    the channel in `new_versions` and stores the blob.
-
-    `force_delta_snapshot` ignores the cadence and always snapshots —
-    used by `durability="exit"` where intermediate writes are not stored
-    as ancestor `checkpoint_writes`.
-
-    If `new_updates_since_snapshot` is provided, the function resets the
-    counter to `0` for any channel that snapshotted this step. Counters
-    for channels that did not snapshot are left untouched (the caller is
-    responsible for incrementing them based on `updated_channels`).
+    For each name in `channels_to_snapshot`, a `_DeltaSnapshot(value)` blob
+    is written into `channel_values[k]`. Other delta channels are omitted
+    from `channel_values` — the ancestor walk reconstructs their state
+    from `checkpoint_writes`. Callers compute the set via
+    `delta_channels_to_snapshot(channels, counters)`; defaults to empty
+    (no snapshots) when not provided.
     """
     ts = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
-    counts = updates_since_snapshot or {}
+    channels_to_snapshot = channels_to_snapshot or set()
     if channels is None:
         values = checkpoint["channel_values"]
         channel_versions = checkpoint["channel_versions"]
@@ -104,25 +89,23 @@ def create_checkpoint(
             if k not in channel_versions:
                 continue
             ch = channels[k]
-            if (
-                isinstance(ch, DeltaChannel)
-                and ch.is_available()
-                and _should_snapshot_delta(
-                    k,
-                    ch,
-                    counts,
-                    force=force_delta_snapshot,
-                )
-            ):
-                # Eager snapshot: bump version if not already written this step
-                # so put() includes this channel in new_versions and stores blob.
+            if k in channels_to_snapshot:
+                # In exit mode, the snapshot decision is deferred to exit
+                # time (intermediate steps have do_checkpoint=False). The
+                # channel's count may have reached snapshot_frequency over
+                # several supersteps, but the LAST superstep may not have
+                # written to this channel. In that case apply_writes()
+                # (in _algo.py) didn't bump this channel's version, so
+                # saver.put() wouldn't include it in new_versions and
+                # the snapshot blob would be silently dropped. The manual
+                # bump below closes the gap. In sync/async durability this
+                # branch is effectively dead code (the step that pushes
+                # the count to freq always writes the channel).
                 if get_next_version is not None and (
                     updated_channels is None or k not in updated_channels
                 ):
                     channel_versions[k] = get_next_version(channel_versions[k], None)
                 values[k] = _DeltaSnapshot(ch.get())
-                if new_updates_since_snapshot is not None:
-                    new_updates_since_snapshot[k] = 0
             else:
                 v = ch.checkpoint()
                 if v is not MISSING:
@@ -253,17 +236,3 @@ def copy_checkpoint(checkpoint: Checkpoint) -> Checkpoint:
         versions_seen={k: v.copy() for k, v in checkpoint["versions_seen"].items()},
         updated_channels=checkpoint.get("updated_channels", None),
     )
-
-
-def read_delta_updates_since_snapshot(
-    metadata: CheckpointMetadata | None,
-) -> dict[str, int]:
-    """Read the per-channel update counter from checkpoint metadata.
-
-    Returns an empty dict for missing/None metadata; the dict is
-    `total=False` on `CheckpointMetadata`, so absence means "no prior
-    delta-channel activity tracked."
-    """
-    if not metadata:
-        return {}
-    return dict(metadata.get("delta_updates_since_snapshot", {}) or {})

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_loop.py

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import (
     channels_from_checkpoint,
     copy_checkpoint,
     create_checkpoint,
+    delta_channels_to_snapshot,
     empty_checkpoint,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel._executor import (
@@ -194,8 +195,46 @@ class PregelLoop:
     _migrate_checkpoint: Callable[[Checkpoint], None] | None
     submit: Submit
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel]
-    # Only set on AsyncPregelLoop; sync loops keep this as None.
+    # Futures from `checkpointer.put_writes` calls that produced delta-channel
+    # writes. `_checkpointer_put_after_previous` drains this list (swap to a
+    # local `futs` then reset to `[]` and wait/gather) before putting the
+    # next checkpoint, so a checkpoint never becomes durable before the
+    # writes that produced it. Initialised to `[]` in both sync and async
+    # `__enter__`; stays `None` only when no checkpointer.
     _delta_write_futs: list[Any] | None = None
+
+    # Same pattern as `_delta_write_futs` but for error-handler writes.
+    # When `put_writes` persists an ERROR_SOURCE_NODE marker, the future is
+    # appended here.  `schedule_error_handler` / `aschedule_error_handler`
+    # drain this list so the write is durable before the handler starts.
+    _error_handler_write_futs: list[Any] | None = None
+
+    # Exit-mode accumulator: every delta-channel write produced during this
+    # run (input writes from `_first` + per-superstep writes captured in
+    # `after_tick`). At exit, `_put_exit_delta_writes` filters out channels
+    # that will snapshot, then persists the rest under an anchor parent.
+    # `None` when not in exit mode (so the capture sites are no-ops).
+    # Each tuple is `(step, task_id, channel, value)` — `step` drives the
+    # synthetic step-prefixed task_id used to preserve chronological order
+    # under the saver's `ORDER BY task_id, idx` sorting.
+    _exit_delta_writes: list[tuple[int, str, str, Any]] | None = None
+
+    # The checkpoint_config that points at the parent loaded at `__enter__`
+    # (or the synthetic-empty checkpoint, on first run). We capture it
+    # eagerly because every `_put_checkpoint` advances `self.checkpoint_config`
+    # to the newly-saved checkpoint's id — by exit time the original parent
+    # config would otherwise be lost. `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this:
+    # on resumed runs as the anchor for exit delta writes; on first runs
+    # to derive the lazy stub's config (its `checkpoint_id` is the
+    # synthetic-empty id we want the stub persisted under).
+    _initial_checkpoint_config: RunnableConfig
+
+    # True iff the saver actually returned a tuple at `__enter__`. False
+    # on the first-ever run for a thread (no parent persisted yet).
+    # `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this to decide between anchoring on
+    # the existing parent (True) or creating a lazy stub (False).
+    _has_persisted_parent: bool = False
+
     managed: ManagedValueMapping
     checkpoint: Checkpoint
     checkpoint_id_saved: str
@@ -441,6 +480,13 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel) for c, _ in writes_to_save
             ):
                 self._delta_write_futs.append(fut)
+            # ERROR_SOURCE_NODE is only appended by commit() when the task
+            # has an error handler (_should_route_to_error_handler), so this
+            # check naturally limits future collection to those tasks.
+            if self._error_handler_write_futs is not None and any(
+                c == ERROR_SOURCE_NODE for c, _ in writes
+            ):
+                self._error_handler_write_futs.append(fut)
         # output writes
         if hasattr(self, "tasks"):
             self.output_writes(task_id, writes)
@@ -520,7 +566,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
             self.tasks[pushed.id] = pushed
             # match any pending writes to the new task
             if not self.is_replaying:
-                self._match_writes({pushed.id: pushed})
+                self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes({pushed.id: pushed})
             # return the new task, to be started if not run before
             return pushed
 
@@ -598,7 +644,8 @@ class PregelLoop:
 
         # if there are pending writes from a previous loop, apply them
         if not self.is_replaying and self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
-            self._match_writes(self.tasks)
+            self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes(self.tasks)
+            self._resume_error_handlers_if_applicable()
 
         # before execution, check if we should interrupt
         if self.interrupt_before and should_interrupt(
@@ -637,6 +684,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
             self._emit(
                 "values", map_output_values, self.output_keys, writes, self.channels
             )
+        # capture delta-channel writes for exit-mode accumulator before clearing
+        if self._exit_delta_writes is not None:
+            for tid, ch, v in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
+                if isinstance(self.specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel):
+                    self._exit_delta_writes.append((self.step, tid, ch, v))
         # clear pending writes
         self.checkpoint_pending_writes.clear()
         # only replay (re-execute) done tasks on the first tick
@@ -660,13 +712,88 @@ class PregelLoop:
 
     # private
 
-    def _match_writes(self, tasks: Mapping[str, PregelExecutableTask]) -> None:
+    def _reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes(
+        self, tasks: Mapping[str, PregelExecutableTask]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Restore successful channel writes from checkpoint to in-memory tasks.
+
+        Skips control signals (ERROR, ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, INTERRUPT, RESUME)
+        so that failed/interrupted tasks remain with empty writes and will be
+        re-executed (or routed to error handlers) by the runner.
+        """
         for tid, k, v in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
             if k in (ERROR, ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, INTERRUPT, RESUME):
                 continue
             if task := tasks.get(tid):
                 task.writes.append((k, v))
 
+    def _resume_error_handlers_if_applicable(self) -> None:
+        """On resume, schedule error handlers for tasks that failed in a prior run.
+
+        Called right after ``_reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes`` during ``tick()``.
+        At that point, ``_reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes`` has already skipped
+        ERROR / ERROR_SOURCE_NODE writes, so a previously-failed task still has
+        empty ``writes``.  Without intervention the runner (which executes only
+        tasks where ``not t.writes``) would re-run the original node.
+
+        This method prevents that re-execution for nodes that have an error
+        handler:
+
+        1. Scan ``checkpoint_pending_writes`` for ERROR_SOURCE_NODE markers
+           persisted by a prior ``commit()``.  Each marker means "this task
+           already failed and was routed to an error handler".
+        2. For each such task, write ``(ERROR, error)`` into ``task.writes``
+           so the task is no longer empty — the runner will skip it.
+        3. Prepare a fresh error-handler task and add it to ``self.tasks``.
+           Because the handler task starts with empty ``writes``, the runner
+           will pick it up and execute it.
+        """
+        # Phase 1: collect task-ids that have ERROR_SOURCE_NODE + ERROR pairs.
+        failed: dict[str, BaseException] = {}
+        for tid, chan, val in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
+            if chan == ERROR_SOURCE_NODE:
+                error = next(
+                    (
+                        v
+                        for t, c, v in self.checkpoint_pending_writes
+                        if t == tid and c == ERROR
+                    ),
+                    None,
+                )
+                if error is not None:
+                    failed[tid] = error
+        # Phase 2: mark originals as done, schedule handler tasks.
+        for task_id, error in failed.items():
+            task = self.tasks.get(task_id)
+            if task is None:
+                continue
+            handler_node = self.nodes[task.name].error_handler_node
+            if not handler_node:
+                continue
+            # Non-empty writes → runner's `not t.writes` filter skips this task.
+            task.writes.append((ERROR, error))
+            # The handler task starts with empty writes → runner will execute it.
+            handler_task = prepare_node_error_handler_task(
+                task,
+                handler_node_name=handler_node,
+                failed_error=error,
+                checkpoint=self.checkpoint,
+                pending_writes=self.checkpoint_pending_writes,
+                processes=self.nodes,
+                channels=self.channels,
+                managed=self.managed,
+                config=task.config,
+                step=self.step,
+                stop=self.stop,
+                store=self.store,
+                checkpointer=self.checkpointer,
+                manager=self.manager,
+                retry_policy=self.retry_policy,
+                cache_policy=self.cache_policy,
+            )
+            if handler_task is not None:
+                self.tasks[handler_task.id] = handler_task
+
     def _pending_interrupts(self) -> set[str]:
         """Return the set of interrupt ids that are pending without corresponding resume values."""
         # mapping of task ids to interrupt ids
@@ -854,6 +981,27 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 self.checkpointer_get_next_version,
                 self.trigger_to_nodes,
             )
+            # Input writes go through `apply_writes` directly (above) — they
+            # never enter `checkpoint_pending_writes`, so the after_tick
+            # capture site does not see them. In exit mode, capture them
+            # here so `_exit_delta_writes` includes the input's delta writes
+            # alongside per-superstep writes; otherwise the input would be
+            # lost on read (it's not in final_checkpoint.channel_values for
+            # sub-freq channels, and walks ignore target.pending_writes).
+            if self._exit_delta_writes is not None:
+                for c, v in input_writes:
+                    if isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel):
+                        self._exit_delta_writes.append((self.step, NULL_TASK_ID, c, v))
+            # Persist delta-channel input writes so sub-freq inputs are
+            # recoverable via ancestor walk (mirrors the Command input path).
+            if self.durability != "exit":
+                delta_input = [
+                    (c, v)
+                    for c, v in input_writes
+                    if isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel)
+                ]
+                if delta_input:
+                    self.put_writes(NULL_TASK_ID, delta_input)
             # save input checkpoint
             self.updated_channels = updated_channels
             self._put_checkpoint({"source": "input"})
@@ -905,36 +1053,66 @@ class PregelLoop:
         return updated_channels
 
     def _put_checkpoint(self, metadata: CheckpointMetadata) -> None:
-        # assign step and parents
+        # `is` (object identity) — not `==`. Three of four call sites pass a
+        # fresh dict ({"source":"input"|"loop"|"fork"}); only
+        # `_suppress_interrupt`(will rename to _on_loop_exit soon)
+        # at exit reuses the existing `self.checkpoint_metadata` instance. So
+        # `metadata is self.checkpoint_metadata` is True only on the exit call,
+        # which is what we use to gate exit-only behaviour (skip count-bump,
+        # don't replace metadata). Could be replaced by an explicit
+        # `exiting: bool = False` parameter; left as-is to match the existing
+        # idiom in this file.
+        # TODO: replace with an explicit `exiting: bool = False` parameter.
         exiting = metadata is self.checkpoint_metadata
         if exiting and self.checkpoint["id"] == self.checkpoint_id_saved:
             # checkpoint already saved
             return
-        # Carry per-delta-channel update bookkeeping forward across
-        # supersteps. Capture from the OLD metadata before potentially
-        # replacing it with a fresh dict that wouldn't contain it. Then
-        # increment for any delta channel updated this step (so the count
-        # reflects "supersteps that wrote to this channel since last
-        # snapshot"). create_checkpoint will reset entries to 0 for any
-        # channel that fires a snapshot this step.
-        prev_counts = dict(
-            self.checkpoint_metadata.get("delta_updates_since_snapshot", {}) or {}
-        )
-        new_counts = dict(prev_counts)
-        if self.updated_channels:
-            for ch_name in self.updated_channels:
-                ch_obj = self.channels.get(ch_name)
-                if isinstance(ch_obj, DeltaChannel):
-                    new_counts[ch_name] = new_counts.get(ch_name, 0) + 1
+        # Per-delta-channel counter bookkeeping.
+        #
+        # Each delta channel tracks a (updates, supersteps) tuple:
+        # - `updates` increments only when the channel is written this step.
+        # - `supersteps` increments every superstep regardless.
+        #
+        # `_put_checkpoint` is called once per superstep with a fresh
+        # metadata dict (source="input"|"loop"|"fork") — those are the
+        # intermediate calls that bump counters. In exit mode,
+        # `_suppress_interrupt`(will rename to _on_loop_exit soon)
+        # additionally calls `_put_checkpoint(self.checkpoint_metadata)` AT
+        # EXIT to commit the final checkpoint — this runs *after* the last
+        # intermediate call already counted the last superstep. So the
+        # exit call must NOT bump again or it would double-count the last
+        # superstep.
         if not exiting:
+            prev_counters = dict(
+                self.checkpoint_metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot") or {}
+            )
+            new_counters: dict[str, tuple[int, int]] = {}
+            updated = self.updated_channels or set()
+            for ch_name, ch in self.channels.items():
+                if not isinstance(ch, DeltaChannel):
+                    continue
+                u, s = prev_counters.get(ch_name, (0, 0))
+                s += 1
+                if ch_name in updated:
+                    u += 1
+                new_counters[ch_name] = (u, s)
             metadata["step"] = self.step
             metadata["parents"] = self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_MAP, {})
             self.checkpoint_metadata = metadata
+        else:
+            new_counters = dict(
+                self.checkpoint_metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot") or {}
+            )
         # do checkpoint?
         do_checkpoint = self._checkpointer_put_after_previous is not None and (
             exiting or self.durability != "exit"
         )
         # create new checkpoint
+        channels_to_snapshot = (
+            delta_channels_to_snapshot(self.channels, new_counters)
+            if do_checkpoint
+            else set()
+        )
         self.checkpoint = create_checkpoint(
             self.checkpoint,
             self.channels if do_checkpoint else None,
@@ -944,14 +1122,15 @@ class PregelLoop:
             get_next_version=self.checkpointer_get_next_version
             if do_checkpoint
             else None,
-            force_delta_snapshot=exiting and self.durability == "exit",
-            updates_since_snapshot=new_counts,
-            new_updates_since_snapshot=new_counts,
+            channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
         )
-        if new_counts:
-            self.checkpoint_metadata["delta_updates_since_snapshot"] = new_counts
-        elif "delta_updates_since_snapshot" in self.checkpoint_metadata:
-            del self.checkpoint_metadata["delta_updates_since_snapshot"]
+        for k in channels_to_snapshot:
+            new_counters[k] = (0, 0)
+        non_zero = {k: v for k, v in new_counters.items() if v != (0, 0)}
+        if non_zero:
+            self.checkpoint_metadata["counters_since_delta_snapshot"] = non_zero
+        elif "counters_since_delta_snapshot" in self.checkpoint_metadata:
+            del self.checkpoint_metadata["counters_since_delta_snapshot"]
         # sanitize TASK channel in the checkpoint before saving (durability=="exit")
         if TASKS in self.checkpoint["channel_values"] and any(
             isinstance(channel, UntrackedValue) for channel in self.channels.values()
@@ -1010,6 +1189,99 @@ class PregelLoop:
             # increment step
             self.step += 1
 
+    def _put_exit_delta_writes(self) -> None:
+        """Stage stub + accumulated delta writes so final_checkpoint's put
+        waits on them (visibility invariant: both must be durable before
+        final_checkpoint becomes visible to readers).
+
+        Stub is created lazily — only when no persisted parent exists AND at
+        least one delta channel has writes that won't be snapshotted.
+        """
+        if (
+            not self._exit_delta_writes
+            or self.checkpointer is None
+            or self._checkpointer_put_after_previous is None
+            or self.checkpointer_put_writes is None
+        ):
+            return
+
+        counters = dict(
+            self.checkpoint_metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot") or {}
+        )
+        channels_to_snapshot = delta_channels_to_snapshot(self.channels, counters)
+
+        pending = [
+            (step, tid, ch, v)
+            for (step, tid, ch, v) in self._exit_delta_writes
+            if ch not in channels_to_snapshot
+        ]
+        if not pending:
+            return
+
+        if self._has_persisted_parent:
+            # _initial_checkpoint_config's checkpoint_id is the saved parent's
+            # id (saver returned a real tuple at __enter__).
+            anchor_config = self._initial_checkpoint_config
+        else:
+            stub_cp = empty_checkpoint()
+            stub_cp["id"] = self.checkpoint_id_saved
+            stub_cp["ts"] = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
+            # Stub has no parent (checkpoint_id=None in config).
+            stub_put_config = patch_configurable(
+                self._initial_checkpoint_config,
+                {CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: None},
+            )
+            # Anchor config for put_writes: checkpoint_id = stub's id.
+            anchor_config = patch_configurable(
+                self._initial_checkpoint_config,
+                {CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: stub_cp["id"]},
+            )
+            self._put_checkpoint_fut = self.submit(
+                self._checkpointer_put_after_previous,
+                getattr(self, "_put_checkpoint_fut", None),
+                stub_put_config,
+                stub_cp,
+                {"step": -2},
+                {},
+            )
+            # Set checkpoint_config so final_checkpoint's _put_checkpoint
+            # sees the stub as its parent.
+            self.checkpoint_config = anchor_config
+
+        # Step-prefixed synthetic task_id preserves chronological superstep
+        # order under the saver's ORDER BY task_id, idx sorting.
+        grouped: dict[tuple[int, str], list[tuple[str, Any]]] = {}
+        for step, tid, ch, v in pending:
+            grouped.setdefault((step, tid), []).append((ch, v))
+        anchor_write_config = patch_configurable(
+            anchor_config,
+            {
+                CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS: self.config[CONF].get(
+                    CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS, ""
+                ),
+                CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: anchor_config[CONF][CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID],
+            },
+        )
+        for (step, tid), entries in grouped.items():
+            synth_tid = f"{step:08d}-{tid}"
+            if self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path:
+                fut = self.submit(
+                    self.checkpointer_put_writes,
+                    anchor_write_config,
+                    entries,
+                    synth_tid,
+                    "",
+                )
+            else:
+                fut = self.submit(
+                    self.checkpointer_put_writes,
+                    anchor_write_config,
+                    entries,
+                    synth_tid,
+                )
+            if self._delta_write_futs is not None:
+                self._delta_write_futs.append(fut)
+
     def _suppress_interrupt(
         self,
         exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
@@ -1025,6 +1297,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
             # or a nested graph with checkpointer=True
             or all(NS_END not in part for part in self.checkpoint_ns)
         ):
+            self._put_exit_delta_writes()
             self._put_checkpoint(self.checkpoint_metadata)
             self._put_pending_writes()
         # suppress interrupt
@@ -1230,6 +1503,9 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
         metadata: CheckpointMetadata,
         new_versions: ChannelVersions,
     ) -> RunnableConfig:
+        if self._delta_write_futs:
+            futs, self._delta_write_futs = self._delta_write_futs, []
+            concurrent.futures.wait(futs)
         try:
             if prev is not None:
                 prev.result()
@@ -1267,12 +1543,10 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
         handler_node = self.nodes[failed_task.name].error_handler_node
         if not handler_node:
             return None
-        writes = list(failed_task.writes)
-        writes.append((ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, failed_task.name))
-        self.put_writes(
-            failed_task.id,
-            writes,
-        )
+        # ensure error + ERROR_SOURCE_NODE writes are durable before handler runs
+        if self._error_handler_write_futs:
+            futs, self._error_handler_write_futs = self._error_handler_write_futs, []
+            concurrent.futures.wait(futs)
         handler_task = prepare_node_error_handler_task(
             failed_task,
             handler_node_name=handler_node,
@@ -1295,7 +1569,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             return None
         self.tasks[handler_task.id] = handler_task
         if not self.is_replaying:
-            self._match_writes({handler_task.id: handler_task})
+            self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes({handler_task.id: handler_task})
         for task in self.match_cached_writes():
             self.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
         return handler_task
@@ -1347,6 +1621,10 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             # graph/thread. Returns None on first invocation.
             saved = self.checkpointer.get_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
 
+        # Capture before the synthetic-empty fallback below overwrites `saved`.
+        # `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this on first run (no persisted parent)
+        # to lazy-create a stub instead of anchoring delta writes on a parent.
+        self._has_persisted_parent = saved is not None
         if saved is None:
             saved = CheckpointTuple(
                 self.checkpoint_config, empty_checkpoint(), {"step": -2}, None, []
@@ -1362,6 +1640,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
                 **saved.config.get(CONF, {}),
             },
         }
+        self._initial_checkpoint_config = self.checkpoint_config
         self.prev_checkpoint_config = saved.parent_config
         self.checkpoint_id_saved = saved.checkpoint["id"]
         self.checkpoint = saved.checkpoint
@@ -1371,6 +1650,11 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             if saved.pending_writes is not None
             else []
         )
+        self._delta_write_futs = []
+        self._error_handler_write_futs = []
+        self._exit_delta_writes = (
+            [] if self.durability == "exit" and self.checkpointer is not None else None
+        )
         self.submit = self.stack.enter_context(BackgroundExecutor(self.config))
         self.channels, self.managed = channels_from_checkpoint(
             self.specs,
@@ -1513,12 +1797,10 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
         handler_node = self.nodes[failed_task.name].error_handler_node
         if not handler_node:
             return None
-        writes = list(failed_task.writes)
-        writes.append((ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, failed_task.name))
-        self.put_writes(
-            failed_task.id,
-            writes,
-        )
+        # ensure error + ERROR_SOURCE_NODE writes are durable before handler runs
+        if self._error_handler_write_futs:
+            futs, self._error_handler_write_futs = self._error_handler_write_futs, []
+            await asyncio.gather(*futs)
         handler_task = prepare_node_error_handler_task(
             failed_task,
             handler_node_name=handler_node,
@@ -1541,7 +1823,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             return None
         self.tasks[handler_task.id] = handler_task
         if not self.is_replaying:
-            self._match_writes({handler_task.id: handler_task})
+            self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes({handler_task.id: handler_task})
         for task in await self.amatch_cached_writes():
             self.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
         return handler_task
@@ -1596,6 +1878,10 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             # graph/thread. Returns None on first invocation.
             saved = await self.checkpointer.aget_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
 
+        # Capture before the synthetic-empty fallback below overwrites `saved`.
+        # `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this on first run (no persisted parent)
+        # to lazy-create a stub instead of anchoring delta writes on a parent.
+        self._has_persisted_parent = saved is not None
         if saved is None:
             saved = CheckpointTuple(
                 self.checkpoint_config, empty_checkpoint(), {"step": -2}, None, []
@@ -1611,6 +1897,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
                 **saved.config.get(CONF, {}),
             },
         }
+        self._initial_checkpoint_config = self.checkpoint_config
         self.prev_checkpoint_config = saved.parent_config
         self.checkpoint_id_saved = saved.checkpoint["id"]
         self.checkpoint = saved.checkpoint
@@ -1621,6 +1908,10 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             else []
         )
         self._delta_write_futs = []
+        self._error_handler_write_futs = []
+        self._exit_delta_writes = (
+            [] if self.durability == "exit" and self.checkpointer is not None else None
+        )
         self.submit = await self.stack.enter_async_context(
             AsyncBackgroundExecutor(self.config)
         )

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_messages.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from typing import (
 from uuid import UUID, uuid4
 
 from langchain_core.callbacks import BaseCallbackHandler
-from langchain_core.messages import BaseMessage
+from langchain_core.messages import BaseMessage, ToolMessage
 from langchain_core.outputs import ChatGeneration, ChatGenerationChunk, LLMResult
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -303,6 +303,35 @@ class StreamMessagesHandlerV2(StreamMessagesHandler, _V2StreamingCallbackHandler
         super().__init__(stream, subgraphs, parent_ns=parent_ns)
         self._streamed_run_ids: set[UUID] = set()
 
+    def _find_and_emit_messages(self, meta: Meta, response: Any) -> None:
+        """Like the v1 handler, but skip ToolMessage from node outputs.
+
+        Tool results belong on the tools channel / state in v3; v2-flagged streams
+        must not replay finalized ToolMessages as chat tokens (see MessagesTransformer).
+        Legacy v1-only `stream_mode="messages"` still emits ToolMessages (see subgraph
+        streaming tests).
+        """
+        if isinstance(response, BaseMessage) and not isinstance(response, ToolMessage):
+            self._emit(meta, response, dedupe=True)
+        elif isinstance(response, Sequence):
+            for value in response:
+                if isinstance(value, BaseMessage) and not isinstance(
+                    value, ToolMessage
+                ):
+                    self._emit(meta, value, dedupe=True)
+        else:
+            for value in _state_values(response):
+                if isinstance(value, BaseMessage) and not isinstance(
+                    value, ToolMessage
+                ):
+                    self._emit(meta, value, dedupe=True)
+                elif isinstance(value, Sequence):
+                    for item in value:
+                        if isinstance(item, BaseMessage) and not isinstance(
+                            item, ToolMessage
+                        ):
+                            self._emit(meta, item, dedupe=True)
+
     def on_llm_end(
         self,
         response: LLMResult,

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_runner.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from langgraph._internal._constants import (
     CONFIG_KEY_CALL,
     CONFIG_KEY_SCRATCHPAD,
     ERROR,
+    ERROR_SOURCE_NODE,
     INTERRUPT,
     NO_WRITES,
     RESUME,
@@ -597,7 +598,7 @@ class PregelRunner:
                 if self._should_route_to_error_handler(task) and not isinstance(
                     exception, GraphBubbleUp
                 ):
-                    # Mark early in commit path; loop-side routing may happen later.
+                    task.writes.append((ERROR_SOURCE_NODE, task.name))
                     self._handled_exception_ids.add(id(exception))
                 self.put_writes()(task.id, task.writes)  # type: ignore[misc]
         else:

libs/langgraph/langgraph/stream/_mux.py

@@ -62,6 +62,14 @@ class StreamMux:
         `extensions`, `_native` keys are recorded in `native_keys`, and
         any StreamChannel instances are bound and (if named) wired.
 
+        Transformers with `StreamTransformer.before_builtins = True` are
+        registered ahead of the rest, preserving relative order within
+        each lane. This lets content-mutating transformers (PII
+        redaction, content filters, etc.) run before built-ins like
+        `MessagesTransformer` that eagerly snapshot text fields into
+        their projections. See `StreamTransformer.before_builtins` for
+        the contract and foot-guns.
+
         Args:
             transformers: Already-built transformer instances. Registered
                 only on this mux — they are NOT cloned into child
@@ -112,14 +120,31 @@ class StreamMux:
         self._pump_fn: Callable[[], bool] | None = None
         self._apump_fn: Callable[[], Awaitable[bool]] | None = None
 
-        # Factories run first (they propagate to child mini-muxes
-        # via `_make_child`), then any pre-built `transformers=`
-        # instances are registered as root-only — they aren't cloned
-        # for child scopes.
+        # Factories run first (they propagate to child mini-muxes via
+        # `_make_child`), then any pre-built `transformers=` instances
+        # are registered as root-only — they aren't cloned for child
+        # scopes. Within each group, transformers with
+        # `before_builtins = True` are registered ahead of the rest so
+        # they observe (and may mutate) events before built-ins like
+        # `MessagesTransformer`. The order *within* each lane matches
+        # the supplied sequence.
+        pre: list[StreamTransformer] = []
+        rest: list[StreamTransformer] = []
         if factories is not None:
             for factory in factories:
-                self._register(factory(scope))
+                transformer = factory(scope)
+                (
+                    pre if getattr(transformer, "before_builtins", False) else rest
+                ).append(transformer)
+            for transformer in (*pre, *rest):
+                self._register(transformer)
+            pre.clear()
+            rest.clear()
         for transformer in transformers or ():
+            (pre if getattr(transformer, "before_builtins", False) else rest).append(
+                transformer
+            )
+        for transformer in (*pre, *rest):
             self._register(transformer)
 
     def transformer_by_key(self, key: str) -> StreamTransformer | None:

libs/langgraph/langgraph/stream/_types.py

@@ -91,11 +91,28 @@ class StreamTransformer(ABC):
             which modes a `stream_events(version="v3")` run requests from the graph.
             Empty tuple means the transformer consumes only synthetic
             events (or is purely passive).
+        before_builtins: Opt-in for transformers that must run *before*
+            built-in transformers like `MessagesTransformer` and
+            `ToolCallTransformer`. The mux partitions factories by this
+            flag at registration time: `before_builtins = True`
+            transformers are registered first, then everything else in
+            the order supplied. Within each lane, registration order is
+            preserved. This is the supported hook for content-mutating
+            transformers (PII redaction, profanity filters, etc.) whose
+            mutations must land before built-ins eagerly snapshot text
+            fields into their projections. **Foot-gun:** transformers
+            in this lane see `tasks` events before `LifecycleTransformer`
+            and `SubgraphTransformer` consume them — mutating
+            `event["params"]["namespace"]` or the data dict's
+            `id` / `result` / `error` / `interrupts` fields will desync
+            their bookkeeping. Observe freely; mutate only fields no
+            built-in reads (e.g. `delta.text` on `messages` events).
     """
 
     requires_async: ClassVar[bool] = False
     supports_sync: ClassVar[bool] = False
     required_stream_modes: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ()
+    before_builtins: ClassVar[bool] = False
 
     def __init__(self, scope: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> None:
         """Initialize the transformer with its mux's scope.

libs/langgraph/langgraph/stream/transformers.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from langchain_core.language_models.chat_model_stream import (
     AsyncChatModelStream,
     ChatModelStream,
 )
-from langchain_core.messages import AIMessageChunk, BaseMessage
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessageChunk, BaseMessage, ToolMessage
 from langchain_protocol.protocol import MessagesData
 from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
 
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ class MessagesTransformer(StreamTransformer):
         # Correlate protocol events back to a ChatModelStream by run_id
         # (attached to the event's metadata by StreamMessagesHandler).
         self._by_run: dict[str, ChatModelStream] = {}
+        self._ignored_runs: set[str] = set()
         self._pump_fn: Callable[[], bool] | None = None
         self._apump_fn: Callable[[], Awaitable[bool]] | None = None
         # Cached as a list once for cheap equality with the protocol
@@ -276,8 +277,10 @@ class MessagesTransformer(StreamTransformer):
             self._route_protocol_event(
                 cast("MessagesData", payload), run_id=run_id, node=node
             )
-        elif isinstance(payload, BaseMessage) and not isinstance(
-            payload, AIMessageChunk
+        elif (
+            isinstance(payload, BaseMessage)
+            and not isinstance(payload, AIMessageChunk)
+            and not isinstance(payload, ToolMessage)
         ):
             self._route_whole_message(payload, node=node)
         # Legacy AIMessageChunk tuples (from on_llm_new_token) are ignored;
@@ -295,6 +298,11 @@ class MessagesTransformer(StreamTransformer):
     ) -> None:
         event_type = event.get("event")
         if event_type == "message-start":
+            # Tool results are exposed on the tools projection and state
+            # snapshots; run.messages is the chat-token projection.
+            if event.get("role") == "tool":
+                self._ignored_runs.add(run_id)
+                return
             message_id = event.get("message_id")
             stream = self._make_stream(
                 namespace=[],
@@ -304,6 +312,9 @@ class MessagesTransformer(StreamTransformer):
             self._by_run[run_id] = stream
             self._log.push(stream)
             stream.dispatch(event)
+        elif run_id in self._ignored_runs:
+            if event_type == "message-finish":
+                self._ignored_runs.discard(run_id)
         elif run_id in self._by_run:
             stream = self._by_run[run_id]
             stream.dispatch(event)
@@ -319,12 +330,14 @@ class MessagesTransformer(StreamTransformer):
     def finalize(self) -> None:
         """Clear any routing state — streams close themselves via `message-finish`."""
         self._by_run.clear()
+        self._ignored_runs.clear()
 
     def fail(self, err: BaseException) -> None:
         """Propagate run error to any streams still open when the graph fails."""
         for stream in list(self._by_run.values()):
             stream.fail(err)
         self._by_run.clear()
+        self._ignored_runs.clear()
 
 
 SubgraphStatus = Literal["started", "completed", "failed", "interrupted", "drained"]

libs/langgraph/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.0a7"
+version = "1.2.1"
 description = "Building stateful, multi-actor applications with LLMs"
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ classifiers = [
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    "langchain-core>=1.4.0a2,<2",
-    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0a4,<5.0.0",
+    "langchain-core>=1.4.0,<2",
+    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0,<5.0.0",
     "langgraph-sdk>=0.3.0,<0.4.0",
-    "langgraph-prebuilt>=1.1.0a2,<1.2.0",
+    "langgraph-prebuilt>=1.1.0,<1.2.0",
     "xxhash>=3.5.0",
     "pydantic>=2.7.4",
 ]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_exit_mode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+"""Tests for exit-mode delta channel persistence redesign.
+
+Validates that `durability="exit"` correctly persists delta-channel writes
+using count-based snapshot decisions (rather than force-snapshotting every
+channel), lazy stub creation when no parent exists, and proper read-path
+reconstruction via ancestor walks.
+"""
+
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, HumanMessage
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+
+def _build_graph(
+    checkpointer: InMemorySaver,
+    *,
+    freq: int = 1000,
+) -> Any:
+    channel = DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer, snapshot_frequency=freq)
+    # Functional TypedDict form: class form can't reference `channel` (a
+    # local variable) inside Annotated due to forward-ref evaluation rules.
+    State = TypedDict("State", {"messages": Annotated[list, channel]})  # type: ignore[call-overload]  # noqa: UP013
+
+    def respond(state: dict) -> dict:
+        i = len(state["messages"])
+        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content=f"reply-{i}", id=f"ai{i}")]}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("respond", respond)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "respond")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 8a. Write-path / structural tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+async def test_exit_first_run_no_delta_writes() -> None:
+    """Graph with delta channel invoked with input that doesn't touch it.
+    Only one checkpoint row, no stub."""
+    State = TypedDict(  # noqa: UP013
+        "State",
+        {
+            "messages": Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer)],
+            "value": str,
+        },
+    )  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
+    def noop(state: dict) -> dict:
+        return {"value": "done"}
+
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("noop", noop)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "noop")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "no-delta-writes"}}
+
+    graph.invoke({"value": "start"}, config, durability="exit")
+
+    checkpoints = list(saver.list(config))
+    assert len(checkpoints) == 1
+    stubs = [t for t in checkpoints if t.metadata.get("step") == -2]
+    assert len(stubs) == 0
+
+
+async def test_exit_first_run_all_snapshot() -> None:
+    """snapshot_frequency=1 forces every channel to snapshot.
+    No stub needed; final_checkpoint has _DeltaSnapshot."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver, freq=1)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "all-snapshot"}}
+
+    result = graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="h1")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+    assert len(result["messages"]) == 2
+
+    checkpoints = list(saver.list(config))
+    stubs = [t for t in checkpoints if t.metadata.get("step") == -2]
+    assert len(stubs) == 0
+
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("messages"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]] == ["hi", "reply-1"]
+
+
+async def test_exit_first_run_sub_freq_with_writes() -> None:
+    """First run with default snapshot_frequency (1000), writes below threshold.
+    A stub is created; writes are anchored under it; get_state reconstructs."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "sub-freq-first"}}
+
+    result = graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hello", id="h1")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+    assert [m.content for m in result["messages"]] == ["hello", "reply-1"]
+
+    checkpoints = list(saver.list(config))
+    stubs = [t for t in checkpoints if t.metadata.get("step") == -2]
+    assert len(stubs) == 1, f"Expected 1 stub, got {len(stubs)}"
+
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert "messages" not in head.checkpoint["channel_values"]
+    assert "messages" in head.checkpoint["channel_versions"]
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]] == ["hello", "reply-1"]
+
+
+async def test_exit_resumed_run_sub_freq() -> None:
+    """Two consecutive exit runs. Second run anchors on the first's
+    final_checkpoint (no new stub). Ordering preserved."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "resumed-sub-freq"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="msg1", id="h1")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="msg2", id="h2")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+
+    checkpoints = list(saver.list(config))
+    stubs = [t for t in checkpoints if t.metadata.get("step") == -2]
+    assert len(stubs) == 1
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    contents = [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]]
+    assert len(contents) == 4
+    assert contents[0] == "msg1"
+    assert contents[2] == "msg2"
+    assert contents[0:4:2] == ["msg1", "msg2"]
+
+
+async def test_exit_count_parity_sync_vs_exit() -> None:
+    """Sync and exit durability produce the same update count in
+    counters_since_delta_snapshot after an equivalent run."""
+    for durability in ("sync", "exit"):
+        saver = InMemorySaver()
+        graph = _build_graph(saver)
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": f"parity-{durability}"}}
+
+        graph.invoke(
+            {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="h1")]},
+            config,
+            durability=durability,
+        )
+
+        head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+        assert head is not None
+        counters = head.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+        updates, supersteps = counters.get("messages", (0, 0))
+        assert updates == 2, (
+            f"durability={durability}: expected updates=2, got {updates}"
+        )
+        assert supersteps >= 2, (
+            f"durability={durability}: expected supersteps>=2, got {supersteps}"
+        )
+
+
+async def test_exit_snapshot_fires_at_frequency() -> None:
+    """With snapshot_frequency=3, after 3 exit runs (each incrementing count
+    by 2: input + superstep), the 2nd run hits count=4>=3, triggering snapshot.
+    After that run, count resets to 0 and channel_values has _DeltaSnapshot."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver, freq=3)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "snapshot-at-freq"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="m1", id="h1")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    counters1 = head.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+    updates1 = counters1.get("messages", (0, 0))[0]
+    assert updates1 == 2
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="m2", id="h2")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    counters2 = head.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+    updates2 = counters2.get("messages", (0, 0))[0]
+    assert updates2 == 0, f"Expected reset to 0 after snapshot, got {updates2}"
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("messages"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+
+
+async def test_exit_mixed_snapshot_and_non_snapshot() -> None:
+    """One delta channel at freq=1 (always snapshot) and one at freq=1000
+    (never snapshot within this test). Verify correct behavior for both."""
+
+    fast_ch = DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer, snapshot_frequency=1)
+    slow_ch = DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer, snapshot_frequency=1000)
+    State = TypedDict(  # noqa: UP013
+        "State",
+        {"fast": Annotated[list, fast_ch], "slow": Annotated[list, slow_ch]},
+    )  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
+    def respond(state: dict) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "fast": [AIMessage(content="fast-reply", id="f1")],
+            "slow": [AIMessage(content="slow-reply", id="s1")],
+        }
+
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("respond", respond)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "respond")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "mixed-freq"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {
+            "fast": [HumanMessage(content="fast-in", id="fi")],
+            "slow": [HumanMessage(content="slow-in", id="si")],
+        },
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("fast"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+    assert "slow" not in head.checkpoint["channel_values"]
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert [m.content for m in state.values["fast"]] == ["fast-in", "fast-reply"]
+    assert [m.content for m in state.values["slow"]] == ["slow-in", "slow-reply"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 8b. Read-path tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+async def test_exit_multi_run_replay_chain() -> None:
+    """K=4 consecutive exit runs, each adding a message. After each run,
+    get_state returns all messages in chronological order."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "replay-chain"}}
+
+    for i in range(4):
+        graph.invoke(
+            {"messages": [HumanMessage(content=f"user-{i}", id=f"h{i}")]},
+            config,
+            durability="exit",
+        )
+
+        state = graph.get_state(config)
+        contents = [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]]
+        user_msgs = [c for c in contents if c.startswith("user-")]
+        assert user_msgs == [f"user-{j}" for j in range(i + 1)], (
+            f"After run {i}: user messages out of order: {user_msgs}"
+        )
+        assert len(contents) == (i + 1) * 2
+
+
+async def test_exit_metadata_round_trip() -> None:
+    """K=5 consecutive exit runs with snapshot_frequency=5. Verify metadata
+    counters_since_delta_snapshot increments correctly across runs."""
+    freq = 5
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver, freq=freq)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "metadata-rt"}}
+
+    for i in range(1, 6):
+        graph.invoke(
+            {"messages": [HumanMessage(content=f"m{i}", id=f"h{i}")]},
+            config,
+            durability="exit",
+        )
+        head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+        assert head is not None
+        counters = head.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+        updates = counters.get("messages", (0, 0))[0]
+        cumulative = i * 2
+        if cumulative >= freq:
+            assert updates == 0 or updates == cumulative % freq or updates < freq, (
+                f"After run {i}: updates={updates} should have reset or be partial"
+            )
+        else:
+            assert updates == cumulative, (
+                f"After run {i}: expected {cumulative}, got {updates}"
+            )
+
+
+async def test_exit_mixed_durability_round_trip() -> None:
+    """Alternate sync and exit durability; verify counts stay monotonic
+    and state accumulates correctly."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _build_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "mixed-durability"}}
+
+    for i, dur in enumerate(["sync", "exit", "sync", "exit"]):
+        graph.invoke(
+            {"messages": [HumanMessage(content=f"msg-{i}", id=f"h{i}")]},
+            config,
+            durability=dur,
+        )
+
+        state = graph.get_state(config)
+        contents = [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]]
+        user_msgs = [c for c in contents if c.startswith("msg-")]
+        assert user_msgs == [f"msg-{j}" for j in range(i + 1)], (
+            f"After run {i} (durability={dur}): {user_msgs}"
+        )
+        assert len(contents) == (i + 1) * 2
+
+
+async def test_exit_snapshot_then_tail_deltas() -> None:
+    """Run 1 forces snapshot (freq=1). Run 2 at freq=1000 adds more writes
+    that don't snapshot. Reading after run 2 must combine the snapshot seed
+    with the tail deltas."""
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+
+    graph1 = _build_graph(saver, freq=1)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "snapshot-then-tail"}}
+    graph1.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="seed-msg", id="h1")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("messages"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+
+    graph2 = _build_graph(saver, freq=1000)
+    graph2.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="tail-msg", id="h2")]},
+        config,
+        durability="exit",
+    )
+
+    state = graph2.get_state(config)
+    contents = [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]]
+    assert "seed-msg" in contents
+    assert "tail-msg" in contents
+    assert contents.index("seed-msg") < contents.index("tail-msg")

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_supersteps_bound.py

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+"""Tests for the supersteps-since-last-snapshot bound on DeltaChannel.
+
+Validates that a delta channel which stops receiving writes is still
+force-snapshotted after DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT supersteps,
+preventing unbounded ancestor walks.
+"""
+
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import delta_channels_to_snapshot
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+
+def _simple_reducer(current: list, updates: list) -> list:
+    """Flatten updates into current list (each update is itself a list)."""
+    result = list(current)
+    for u in updates:
+        if isinstance(u, list):
+            result.extend(u)
+        else:
+            result.append(u)
+    return result
+
+
+def _build_two_channel_graph(
+    checkpointer: InMemorySaver,
+    *,
+    freq_a: int = 10_000,
+    freq_b: int = 10_000,
+    n_loops: int = 1,
+) -> Any:
+    """Graph with two delta channels A and B.
+
+    The node only writes to channel A; B is never written by the node.
+    `n_loops` controls how many supersteps the graph runs (via chained nodes).
+    """
+    ch_a = DeltaChannel(_simple_reducer, list, snapshot_frequency=freq_a)
+    ch_b = DeltaChannel(_simple_reducer, list, snapshot_frequency=freq_b)
+    State = TypedDict(  # noqa: UP013
+        "State",
+        {"a": Annotated[list, ch_a], "b": Annotated[list, ch_b]},
+    )  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+
+    for i in range(n_loops):
+        name = f"step_{i}"
+
+        def node_fn(state: dict, _i: int = i) -> dict:
+            return {"a": [f"a-val-{_i}"]}
+
+        builder.add_node(name, node_fn)
+        if i == 0:
+            builder.add_edge(START, name)
+        else:
+            builder.add_edge(f"step_{i - 1}", name)
+        if i == n_loops - 1:
+            builder.add_edge(name, END)
+
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+async def test_forced_snapshot_single_run() -> None:
+    """A single invoke with enough supersteps triggers snapshot on the
+    unwritten channel B via the supersteps bound."""
+    max_ss = 3
+    with patch(
+        "langgraph.pregel._checkpoint.DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT",
+        max_ss,
+    ):
+        saver = InMemorySaver()
+        graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver, n_loops=4)
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "single-run-ss"}}
+
+        graph.invoke({"a": ["seed-a"], "b": ["seed-b"]}, config)
+
+        head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+        assert head is not None
+        assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("b"), _DeltaSnapshot), (
+            "Channel B should have been force-snapshotted via supersteps bound"
+        )
+
+        state = graph.get_state(config)
+        assert state.values["b"] == ["seed-b"]
+        assert "seed-a" in state.values["a"]
+
+
+async def test_forced_snapshot_accumulates_across_runs() -> None:
+    """Supersteps counter for an unwritten channel persists across separate
+    invoke() calls. After enough runs, the channel is force-snapshotted."""
+    max_ss = 5
+    with patch(
+        "langgraph.pregel._checkpoint.DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT",
+        max_ss,
+    ):
+        saver = InMemorySaver()
+        graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver, n_loops=1)
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "multi-run-ss"}}
+
+        graph.invoke({"a": ["init-a"], "b": ["init-b"]}, config)
+
+        for i in range(1, 6):
+            graph.invoke({"a": [f"run-{i}"]}, config)
+
+            head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+            assert head is not None
+            counters = head.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+            b_counters = counters.get("b", (0, 0))
+
+            if b_counters == (0, 0):
+                assert isinstance(
+                    head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("b"), _DeltaSnapshot
+                ), f"Run {i}: counter reset but no snapshot blob for B"
+                break
+        else:
+            pytest.fail("Channel B was never force-snapshotted after multiple runs")
+
+        state = graph.get_state(config)
+        assert state.values["b"] == ["init-b"]
+        assert "init-a" in state.values["a"]
+
+
+async def test_predicate_fires_on_supersteps_overflow() -> None:
+    """Unit test: delta_channels_to_snapshot fires when supersteps >= MAX
+    even when updates == 0."""
+    ch = DeltaChannel(_simple_reducer, list, snapshot_frequency=10_000)
+    ch.key = "x"
+    ch_instance = ch.from_checkpoint(None)
+
+    channels = {"x": ch_instance}
+    counters: dict[str, tuple[int, int]] = {"x": (0, 5000)}
+
+    result = delta_channels_to_snapshot(channels, counters)
+    assert "x" in result
+
+    counters_below: dict[str, tuple[int, int]] = {"x": (0, 4999)}
+    result2 = delta_channels_to_snapshot(channels, counters_below)
+    assert "x" not in result2
+
+
+async def test_counter_reset_after_supersteps_snapshot() -> None:
+    """After the supersteps bound triggers a snapshot, the counters for
+    that channel reset. Verify by using a bound higher than one run's
+    supersteps so we can see the counter in an intermediate state."""
+    max_ss = 15
+    with patch(
+        "langgraph.pregel._checkpoint.DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT",
+        max_ss,
+    ):
+        saver = InMemorySaver()
+        graph = _build_two_channel_graph(saver, n_loops=4)
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "counter-reset"}}
+
+        graph.invoke({"a": ["seed-a"], "b": ["seed-b"]}, config)
+
+        head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+        assert head is not None
+        counters = head.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+        b_counters = counters.get("b", (0, 0))
+        run1_supersteps = b_counters[1]
+        assert run1_supersteps > 0, "Should have some supersteps"
+        assert b_counters[0] == 1, "B written once (input step)"
+
+        graph.invoke({"a": ["more-a"]}, config)
+        head2 = saver.get_tuple(config)
+        assert head2 is not None
+        counters2 = head2.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+        b_counters2 = counters2.get("b", (0, 0))
+        run2_supersteps = b_counters2[1]
+        assert run2_supersteps > run1_supersteps, "Supersteps should accumulate"
+        assert b_counters2[0] == 1, "B written once total (only original input)"
+
+        graph.invoke({"a": ["even-more"]}, config)
+        head3 = saver.get_tuple(config)
+        assert head3 is not None
+        assert isinstance(
+            head3.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("b"), _DeltaSnapshot
+        ), "B should have snapshotted at supersteps >= max_ss"
+        counters3 = head3.metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot", {})
+        b_counters3 = counters3.get("b", (0, 0))
+        assert b_counters3[1] < max_ss, (
+            f"After snapshot, supersteps should have reset, got {b_counters3}"
+        )
+
+        state = graph.get_state(config)
+        assert state.values["b"] == ["seed-b"]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_retry.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from langchain_core.callbacks import AsyncCallbackManagerForLLMRun, BaseCallback
 from langchain_core.language_models.fake_chat_models import GenericFakeChatModel
 from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, AIMessageChunk, BaseMessage, HumanMessage
 from langchain_core.outputs import ChatGeneration, ChatGenerationChunk, ChatResult
-from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda, RunnableParallel
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig, RunnableLambda, RunnableParallel
 from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver, MemorySaver
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus import JsonPlusSerializer
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
@@ -1674,15 +1674,28 @@ async def test_arun_with_retry_timeout_observer_tracks_attempts():
 async def test_arun_with_retry_timeout_observer_emits_progress_on_heartbeat():
     events: list = []
 
+    # `_TimedAttemptScope.__init__` sets `_last_progress` to `time.monotonic()`,
+    # but the watchdog itself doesn't start running until after `wrap_config`
+    # and task scheduling — under CI load that gap can be large enough to eat
+    # the entire idle window before the task body's first await even runs. We
+    # defend against that by:
+    #   1. Using a generous idle_timeout so scheduling slack stays well within it.
+    #   2. Calling `runtime.heartbeat()` BEFORE the first sleep, which resets
+    #      `_last_progress` to "now" the moment the task body actually starts.
+    idle_timeout_s = 1.0
+
     class HeartbeatProc:
         async def ainvoke(self, input, config):
             runtime = config[CONF][CONFIG_KEY_RUNTIME]
+            runtime.heartbeat()  # reset the idle clock at task-body entry
             for _ in range(8):
                 await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
                 runtime.heartbeat()
             return "ok"
 
-    task = _make_task(HeartbeatProc(), timeout=_idle_timeout(0.2), name="heartbeat")
+    task = _make_task(
+        HeartbeatProc(), timeout=_idle_timeout(idle_timeout_s), name="heartbeat"
+    )
     task.config[CONF][CONFIG_KEY_TIMED_ATTEMPT_OBSERVER] = events.append
     assert await arun_with_retry(task, retry_policy=None) == "ok"
 
@@ -1691,13 +1704,13 @@ async def test_arun_with_retry_timeout_observer_emits_progress_on_heartbeat():
     assert by_event[-1] == "finish"
     progress = [ev for ev in events if ev.event == "progress"]
     assert progress, "expected at least one progress event from heartbeat"
-    # Rate limit is `idle_timeout / 4` = 0.05s; with 8 heartbeats spaced ~0.05s
-    # we should see at most ~one progress event per heartbeat (well below 8).
+    # Rate limit is `idle_timeout / 4` = 0.25s; with the task running for
+    # ~400ms we expect 1–2 progress events (well below the 9 heartbeats).
     assert len(progress) <= len(by_event)
     for ev in progress:
         assert ev.context.task_name == "heartbeat"
         assert ev.context.attempt == 1
-        assert ev.context.idle_timeout_secs == 0.2
+        assert ev.context.idle_timeout_secs == idle_timeout_s
         assert isinstance(ev.progress_at, datetime)
 
 
@@ -2267,3 +2280,525 @@ def test_node_without_error_handler_still_fails_run():
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no handler"):
         graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# set_node_defaults()
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_error_handler_catches_all_nodes():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        route: str
+        foo: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    def route_node(state: State) -> Command:
+        return Command(goto=state["route"])
+
+    def fail_a(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("a failed")
+
+    def fail_b(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("b failed")
+
+    captured: dict[str, list[str]] = {"nodes": []}
+
+    def default_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        captured["nodes"].append(error.node)
+        return {"foo": [f"handled_{error.node}"]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=default_handler)
+        .add_node("route_node", route_node)
+        .add_node("fail_a", fail_a)
+        .add_node("fail_b", fail_b)
+        .add_edge(START, "route_node")
+        .add_conditional_edges(
+            "route_node", lambda s: s["route"], path_map=["fail_a", "fail_b"]
+        )
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    result_a = graph.invoke({"route": "fail_a", "foo": []})
+    result_b = graph.invoke({"route": "fail_b", "foo": []})
+    assert result_a["foo"] == ["handled_fail_a"]
+    assert result_b["foo"] == ["handled_fail_b"]
+    assert "fail_a" in captured["nodes"]
+    assert "fail_b" in captured["nodes"]
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_error_handler_overridden_by_node_handler():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        route: str
+        foo: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    def route_node(state: State) -> Command:
+        return Command(goto=state["route"])
+
+    def fail_a(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("a failed")
+
+    def fail_b(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("b failed")
+
+    captured: dict[str, list[str]] = {"handler": []}
+
+    def node_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        captured["handler"].append(f"node:{error.node}")
+        return {"foo": [f"node_handled_{error.node}"]}
+
+    def default_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        captured["handler"].append(f"default:{error.node}")
+        return {"foo": [f"default_handled_{error.node}"]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=default_handler)
+        .add_node("route_node", route_node)
+        .add_node("fail_a", fail_a, error_handler=node_handler)
+        .add_node("fail_b", fail_b)
+        .add_edge(START, "route_node")
+        .add_conditional_edges(
+            "route_node", lambda s: s["route"], path_map=["fail_a", "fail_b"]
+        )
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    result_a = graph.invoke({"route": "fail_a", "foo": []})
+    assert result_a["foo"] == ["node_handled_fail_a"]
+    assert "node:fail_a" in captured["handler"]
+    assert "default:fail_a" not in captured["handler"]
+
+    result_b = graph.invoke({"route": "fail_b", "foo": []})
+    assert result_b["foo"] == ["default_handled_fail_b"]
+    assert "default:fail_b" in captured["handler"]
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_error_handler_skips_per_node_handler_nodes():
+    """If a per-node error handler itself raises, the default handler must NOT
+    catch it -- the run should fail."""
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    def always_failing(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("node boom")
+
+    def broken_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("handler boom")
+
+    def default_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        return {"foo": "default recovered"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=default_handler)
+        .add_node("always_failing", always_failing, error_handler=broken_handler)
+        .add_edge(START, "always_failing")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="handler boom"):
+        graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_error_handler_failure_fails_run():
+    """When the default handler itself raises, the run fails (no infinite
+    recursion, no double-routing)."""
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    def always_failing(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("node boom")
+
+    def broken_default_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("default handler boom")
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=broken_default_handler)
+        .add_node("always_failing", always_failing)
+        .add_edge(START, "always_failing")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="default handler boom"):
+        graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_error_handler_receives_runnable_config():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    def always_failing(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    captured: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def default_handler(
+        state: State, error: NodeError, config: RunnableConfig
+    ) -> State:
+        captured["thread_id"] = config["configurable"].get("thread_id")
+        return {"foo": "handled"}
+
+    checkpointer = MemorySaver()
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=default_handler)
+        .add_node("always_failing", always_failing)
+        .add_edge(START, "always_failing")
+        .compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+    )
+
+    thread_id = str(uuid4())
+    result = graph.invoke(
+        {"foo": ""}, config={"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id}}
+    )
+    assert result["foo"] == "handled"
+    assert captured["thread_id"] == thread_id
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_error_handler_collides_with_user_node():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    def default_handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        return {"foo": "handled"}
+
+    builder = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=default_handler)
+        .add_node("__default_error_handler__", lambda s: s)
+        .add_edge(START, "__default_error_handler__")
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="__default_error_handler__"):
+        builder.compile()
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_retry_policy():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    attempts = 0
+
+    def flaky_node(state: State) -> State:
+        nonlocal attempts
+        attempts += 1
+        if attempts < 3:
+            raise ValueError("not yet")
+        return {"foo": "ok"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(
+            retry_policy=RetryPolicy(
+                max_attempts=3, initial_interval=0.01, jitter=False, retry_on=ValueError
+            )
+        )
+        .add_node("flaky", flaky_node)
+        .add_edge(START, "flaky")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        result = graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+
+    assert result["foo"] == "ok"
+    assert attempts == 3
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_retry_policy_per_node_wins():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    attempts = 0
+
+    def flaky_node(state: State) -> State:
+        nonlocal attempts
+        attempts += 1
+        if attempts < 2:
+            raise ValueError("not yet")
+        return {"foo": "ok"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(
+            retry_policy=RetryPolicy(
+                max_attempts=1, initial_interval=0.01, jitter=False, retry_on=ValueError
+            )
+        )
+        .add_node(
+            "flaky",
+            flaky_node,
+            retry_policy=RetryPolicy(
+                max_attempts=3,
+                initial_interval=0.01,
+                jitter=False,
+                retry_on=ValueError,
+            ),
+        )
+        .add_edge(START, "flaky")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        result = graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+
+    assert result["foo"] == "ok"
+    assert attempts == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_set_node_defaults_timeout():
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    async def slow_node(state: State) -> State:
+        await asyncio.sleep(10)
+        return {"foo": "should-not-happen"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(timeout=TimeoutPolicy(run_timeout=0.05))
+        .add_node("slow", slow_node)
+        .add_edge(START, "slow")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    from langgraph.errors import NodeTimeoutError
+
+    with pytest.raises(NodeTimeoutError):
+        await graph.ainvoke({"foo": ""})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_set_node_defaults_timeout_per_node_wins():
+    """Per-node timeout overrides the default; a generous per-node timeout
+    allows a node to complete even when the builder default is very short."""
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    async def quick_node(state: State) -> State:
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        return {"foo": "done"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(timeout=TimeoutPolicy(run_timeout=0.01))
+        .add_node("quick", quick_node, timeout=TimeoutPolicy(run_timeout=5.0))
+        .add_edge(START, "quick")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    result = await graph.ainvoke({"foo": ""})
+    assert result["foo"] == "done"
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_chaining():
+    """set_node_defaults() is chainable and can be called in any order relative to add_node."""
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    def always_failing(state: State) -> State:
+        raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    def handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        return {"foo": "handled"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", always_failing)
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .set_node_defaults(
+            retry_policy=RetryPolicy(
+                max_attempts=1, initial_interval=0.01, jitter=False
+            ),
+            error_handler=handler,
+        )
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+    assert result["foo"] == "handled"
+
+
+def test_set_node_defaults_combined_retry_and_error_handler():
+    """Retries are exhausted first, then the error handler runs."""
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    attempts = 0
+    captured: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def always_failing(state: State) -> State:
+        nonlocal attempts
+        attempts += 1
+        raise ValueError("Always fails")
+
+    def handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        captured["error"] = str(error.error)
+        return {"foo": "handled"}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(
+            retry_policy=RetryPolicy(
+                max_attempts=2,
+                initial_interval=0.01,
+                jitter=False,
+                retry_on=ValueError,
+            ),
+            error_handler=handler,
+        )
+        .add_node("fail", always_failing)
+        .add_edge(START, "fail")
+        .compile()
+    )
+
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        result = graph.invoke({"foo": ""})
+
+    assert result["foo"] == "handled"
+    assert attempts == 2
+    assert captured["error"] == "Always fails"
+
+
+def test_error_handler_resumes_after_crash():
+    """If the error handler crashes, resuming should re-schedule the handler
+    (not re-execute the original failed node)."""
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        foo: str
+
+    call_count = {"node": 0, "handler": 0}
+    captured_errors: list[NodeError] = []
+
+    def failing_node(state: State) -> State:
+        call_count["node"] += 1
+        raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    handler_should_fail = [True]
+
+    def handler(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        call_count["handler"] += 1
+        captured_errors.append(error)
+        if handler_should_fail[0]:
+            raise RuntimeError("handler crash")
+        return {"foo": "recovered"}
+
+    checkpointer = MemorySaver()
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .set_node_defaults(error_handler=handler)
+        .add_node("fail", failing_node)
+        .add_edge(START, "fail")
+        .compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+    )
+
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t1"}}
+
+    # First invoke: node fails -> handler runs -> handler crashes -> run fails
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="handler crash"):
+        graph.invoke({"foo": ""}, config)
+
+    assert call_count["node"] == 1
+    assert call_count["handler"] == 1
+    assert captured_errors[0].node == "fail"
+    assert isinstance(captured_errors[0].error, RuntimeError)
+    assert str(captured_errors[0].error) == "boom"
+
+    # Resume: handler should run again, NOT the original node
+    handler_should_fail[0] = False
+    result = graph.invoke(None, config)
+
+    assert result["foo"] == "recovered"
+    assert call_count["node"] == 1  # NOT re-executed
+    assert call_count["handler"] == 2  # ran again on resume
+    # on resume the error was round-tripped through the checkpointer, so it
+    # may be deserialized as a string representation rather than the original
+    # exception type — verify the node name and that the error content matches.
+    assert captured_errors[1].node == "fail"
+    assert "boom" in str(captured_errors[1].error)
+
+
+def test_error_handler_resumes_after_crash_multiple_nodes():
+    """When multiple nodes fail in the same superstep and all have error handlers:
+    - error handlers start running while other nodes may still be in-flight
+    - resuming re-schedules each handler (not re-executes the original nodes)
+    """
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        results: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    call_count = {"a": 0, "b": 0, "handler_a": 0, "handler_b": 0}
+    handler_a_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def node_a(state: State) -> State:
+        call_count["a"] += 1
+        raise RuntimeError("a failed")
+
+    def node_b(state: State) -> State:
+        call_count["b"] += 1
+        # Block until handler_a has started — proves the error handler runs
+        # concurrently with in-flight nodes in the same superstep.
+        assert handler_a_started.wait(timeout=5), "handler_a never started"
+        raise RuntimeError("b failed")
+
+    handler_should_fail = [True]
+
+    def handler_a(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        call_count["handler_a"] += 1
+        assert error.node == "a"
+        assert "a failed" in str(error.error)
+        handler_a_started.set()
+        if handler_should_fail[0]:
+            raise RuntimeError("handler_a crash")
+        return {"results": [f"recovered_a:{error.node}"]}
+
+    def handler_b(state: State, error: NodeError) -> State:
+        call_count["handler_b"] += 1
+        assert error.node == "b"
+        assert "b failed" in str(error.error)
+        if handler_should_fail[0]:
+            raise RuntimeError("handler_b crash")
+        return {"results": [f"recovered_b:{error.node}"]}
+
+    checkpointer = MemorySaver()
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", node_a, error_handler=handler_a)
+        .add_node("b", node_b, error_handler=handler_b)
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .add_edge(START, "b")
+        .compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+    )
+
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t1"}}
+
+    # First invoke: node_a fails immediately -> handler_a starts (sets event) ->
+    # node_b unblocks and fails -> handler_b starts -> both handlers crash
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        graph.invoke({"results": []}, config)
+
+    assert call_count["a"] == 1
+    assert call_count["b"] == 1
+    assert call_count["handler_a"] == 1
+    assert call_count["handler_b"] == 1
+
+    # Resume: both handlers should run again, NOT the original nodes
+    handler_should_fail[0] = False
+    handler_a_started.clear()
+    result = graph.invoke(None, config)
+
+    assert call_count["a"] == 1  # NOT re-executed
+    assert call_count["b"] == 1  # NOT re-executed
+    assert call_count["handler_a"] == 2  # ran again on resume
+    assert call_count["handler_b"] == 2  # ran again on resume
+    assert "recovered_a:a" in result["results"]
+    assert "recovered_b:b" in result["results"]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_stream_before_builtins.py

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+"""Tests for `StreamTransformer.before_builtins` lane ordering.
+
+`before_builtins = True` transformers are registered ahead of the
+rest, preserving relative order within each lane. This lets
+content-mutating transformers run before built-ins like
+`MessagesTransformer` that eagerly snapshot text fields into their
+projections.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from langgraph.stream._mux import StreamMux
+from langgraph.stream._types import StreamTransformer
+from langgraph.stream.stream_channel import StreamChannel
+from langgraph.stream.transformers import (
+    LifecycleTransformer,
+    MessagesTransformer,
+    TasksTransformer,
+)
+
+TS = int(time.time() * 1000)
+
+
+def _messages_event(namespace: list[str], data: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "type": "event",
+        "method": "messages",
+        "params": {"namespace": namespace, "timestamp": TS, "data": data},
+    }
+
+
+class _Tap(StreamTransformer):
+    """Records the order it observed each event."""
+
+    required_stream_modes: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ()
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: tuple[str, ...] = (), *, label: str = "tap") -> None:
+        super().__init__(scope)
+        self.label = label
+        self.log: list[str] = []
+        self._channel: StreamChannel[str] = StreamChannel()
+
+    def init(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {f"tap_{self.label}": self._channel}
+
+    def process(self, event: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        self.log.append(self.label)
+        return True
+
+
+class _PreTap(_Tap):
+    before_builtins: ClassVar[bool] = True
+
+
+class _TextRedactor(StreamTransformer):
+    """Mutates `text-delta` events in place to a fixed redacted string."""
+
+    before_builtins: ClassVar[bool] = True
+    required_stream_modes: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ("messages",)
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> None:
+        super().__init__(scope)
+        self._channel: StreamChannel[str] = StreamChannel()
+
+    def init(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"redactor": self._channel}
+
+    def process(self, event: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        if event.get("method") != "messages":
+            return True
+        payload, _meta = event["params"]["data"]
+        if isinstance(payload, dict) and payload.get("event") == "content-block-delta":
+            delta = payload.get("delta") or {}
+            if delta.get("type") == "text-delta":
+                delta["text"] = "[REDACTED]"
+        return True
+
+
+def test_before_builtins_factories_run_before_others() -> None:
+    """A `before_builtins=True` factory is registered ahead of the rest."""
+
+    seen: list[type[StreamTransformer]] = []
+
+    class _PostTap(_Tap):
+        def __init__(self, scope: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> None:
+            super().__init__(scope, label="post")
+
+        def process(self, event: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+            seen.append(_PostTap)
+            return True
+
+    class _EagerTap(_Tap):
+        before_builtins: ClassVar[bool] = True
+
+        def __init__(self, scope: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> None:
+            super().__init__(scope, label="eager")
+
+        def process(self, event: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+            seen.append(_EagerTap)
+            return True
+
+    mux = StreamMux(
+        factories=[_PostTap, _EagerTap],
+        scope=(),
+        is_async=False,
+    )
+    # `_EagerTap` was supplied second but should be registered first.
+    types_in_order = [type(t) for t in mux._transformers]
+    assert types_in_order.index(_EagerTap) < types_in_order.index(_PostTap)
+
+    mux.push(
+        _messages_event([], ({"event": "message-start", "role": "ai", "id": "m1"}, {}))
+    )
+    # And it ran first when the event was dispatched.
+    assert seen == [_EagerTap, _PostTap]
+
+
+def test_within_lane_order_preserved() -> None:
+    """Within each lane, the supplied order is the registration order."""
+
+    class _A(_PreTap):
+        pass
+
+    class _B(_PreTap):
+        pass
+
+    class _C(_Tap):
+        pass
+
+    class _D(_Tap):
+        pass
+
+    mux = StreamMux(
+        factories=[
+            lambda scope: _C(scope, label="c"),
+            lambda scope: _A(scope, label="a"),
+            lambda scope: _D(scope, label="d"),
+            lambda scope: _B(scope, label="b"),
+        ],
+        scope=(),
+        is_async=False,
+    )
+    order = [t.label for t in mux._transformers]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    # Pre lane (a, b) ahead of default lane (c, d). Within each, supplied order kept.
+    assert order == ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+
+
+def test_redactor_runs_before_messages_transformer() -> None:
+    """Content mutated by a pre-lane transformer reaches `MessagesTransformer`."""
+
+    # Order supplied: built-ins first (as in pregel/main.py), then the
+    # opt-in pre-lane redactor. Partitioning should still register the
+    # redactor first.
+    mux = StreamMux(
+        factories=[MessagesTransformer, _TextRedactor],
+        scope=(),
+        is_async=False,
+    )
+    types_in_order = [type(t) for t in mux._transformers]
+    assert types_in_order.index(_TextRedactor) < types_in_order.index(
+        MessagesTransformer
+    )
+
+
+def test_lifecycle_unaffected_by_pre_lane_observer() -> None:
+    """An observer-only pre-lane transformer doesn't break lifecycle bookkeeping."""
+
+    class _NoopPreObserver(StreamTransformer):
+        before_builtins: ClassVar[bool] = True
+        required_stream_modes: ClassVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ("tasks",)
+
+        def __init__(self, scope: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> None:
+            super().__init__(scope)
+            self._channel: StreamChannel[str] = StreamChannel()
+            self.seen: list[tuple[str, ...]] = []
+
+        def init(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return {"noop_observer": self._channel}
+
+        def process(self, event: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+            if event.get("method") == "tasks":
+                self.seen.append(tuple(event["params"]["namespace"]))
+            return True
+
+    mux = StreamMux(
+        factories=[LifecycleTransformer, TasksTransformer, _NoopPreObserver],
+        scope=(),
+        is_async=False,
+    )
+    types_in_order = [type(t) for t in mux._transformers]
+    assert types_in_order.index(_NoopPreObserver) < types_in_order.index(
+        LifecycleTransformer
+    )
+
+    observer = next(t for t in mux._transformers if isinstance(t, _NoopPreObserver))
+    lifecycle = next(
+        t for t in mux._transformers if isinstance(t, LifecycleTransformer)
+    )
+
+    # Push a synthetic `tasks` event that lifecycle would normally track.
+    mux.push(
+        {
+            "type": "event",
+            "method": "tasks",
+            "params": {
+                "namespace": ["child:abc"],
+                "timestamp": TS,
+                "data": {"name": "child"},
+            },
+        }
+    )
+
+    # Pre-lane observer saw the event, AND lifecycle's bookkeeping still
+    # registered the new namespace (the observer didn't mutate anything).
+    assert observer.seen == [("child:abc",)]
+    assert ("child:abc",) in lifecycle._seen  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_default_is_false() -> None:
+    """`StreamTransformer.before_builtins` defaults to False."""
+
+    assert StreamTransformer.before_builtins is False
+    assert MessagesTransformer.before_builtins is False
+    assert LifecycleTransformer.before_builtins is False
+
+
+def test_pre_lane_mutation_lands_in_messages_projection() -> None:
+    """End-to-end: text mutated by a pre-lane transformer is what
+    `MessagesTransformer` snapshots into its `ChatModelStream` projection.
+
+    Without `before_builtins`, the redactor would run after
+    MessagesTransformer's eager extraction and the projection would
+    contain the raw, un-redacted text.
+    """
+
+    mux = StreamMux(
+        factories=[MessagesTransformer, _TextRedactor],
+        scope=(),
+        is_async=False,
+    )
+    messages_transformer = next(
+        t for t in mux._transformers if isinstance(t, MessagesTransformer)
+    )
+    # Unblock both the mux's main log and the messages projection log so
+    # synthetic pushes are accepted without a real consumer attached.
+    mux._events._subscribed = True
+    messages_transformer._log._subscribed = True
+
+    meta = {"langgraph_node": "model", "run_id": "run-1"}
+
+    # message-start → MessagesTransformer creates a ChatModelStream.
+    mux.push(
+        _messages_event(
+            [],
+            ({"event": "message-start", "role": "ai", "id": "msg-1"}, meta),
+        )
+    )
+
+    # content-block-delta carrying the secret. The redactor (pre-lane)
+    # mutates `delta.text` BEFORE MessagesTransformer snapshots it.
+    mux.push(
+        _messages_event(
+            [],
+            (
+                {
+                    "event": "content-block-delta",
+                    "index": 0,
+                    "delta": {"type": "text-delta", "text": "secret@example.com"},
+                },
+                meta,
+            ),
+        )
+    )
+
+    # Capture the still-open stream before message-finish removes it from
+    # MessagesTransformer's `_by_run` dict.
+    chat_stream = messages_transformer._by_run["run-1"]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    # message-finish → closes the stream.
+    mux.push(
+        _messages_event(
+            [],
+            ({"event": "message-finish"}, meta),
+        )
+    )
+
+    # The redactor mutated `delta.text` to "[REDACTED]" before
+    # MessagesTransformer snapshotted the string into the text
+    # accumulator. Without `before_builtins`, the accumulator would hold
+    # the raw "secret@example.com".
+    assert chat_stream._text_acc == "[REDACTED]", (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        f"expected redacted text in projection, got {chat_stream._text_acc!r}"
+    )

libs/langgraph/tests/test_stream_messages_transformer.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from langchain_core.language_models.chat_model_stream import (
     AsyncChatModelStream,
     ChatModelStream,
 )
-from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, AIMessageChunk
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, AIMessageChunk, ToolMessage
 from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
@@ -213,6 +213,23 @@ class TestProtocolEventRouting:
         log.close()
         assert _unstamped(log._items) == []
 
+    def test_tool_role_protocol_events_are_ignored(self) -> None:
+        t, log = _make_sync_transformer()
+        for evt in [
+            {"event": "message-start", "role": "tool", "message_id": "tool-msg-1"},
+            {
+                "event": "content-block-delta",
+                "index": 0,
+                "content_block": {"type": "text", "text": "[]"},
+            },
+            {"event": "message-finish", "reason": "stop"},
+        ]:
+            t.process(_proto_event(evt, run_id="tool-run"))
+
+        log.close()
+        assert _unstamped(log._items) == []
+        assert t._ignored_runs == set()
+
     def test_concurrent_streams_routed_by_run_id(self) -> None:
         t, log = _make_sync_transformer()
         life_a = _lifecycle(text="aaaa", message_id="run-a")
@@ -273,6 +290,29 @@ class TestWholeMessageFallback:
         assert stream.done
         assert stream.output.text == "the full answer"
 
+    def test_whole_tool_message_is_ignored(self) -> None:
+        t, log = _make_sync_transformer()
+        t.process(
+            {
+                "type": "event",
+                "method": "messages",
+                "params": {
+                    "namespace": [],
+                    "timestamp": TS,
+                    "data": (
+                        ToolMessage(
+                            content="[]",
+                            id="tool-msg-1",
+                            tool_call_id="call_1",
+                        ),
+                        {"langgraph_node": "tools"},
+                    ),
+                },
+            }
+        )
+        log.close()
+        assert _unstamped(log._items) == []
+
     def test_whole_message_has_full_lifecycle(self) -> None:
         t, log = _make_sync_transformer()
         t.process(_whole_msg("full"))
@@ -849,6 +889,23 @@ class TestStreamMessagesHandlerV2Unit:
 
         assert emitted == []
 
+    def test_on_chain_end_does_not_emit_tool_messages(self) -> None:
+        from uuid import uuid4
+
+        from langgraph.pregel._messages import StreamMessagesHandlerV2
+
+        emitted: list[Any] = []
+        handler = StreamMessagesHandlerV2(emitted.append, subgraphs=False)
+        run_id = uuid4()
+        handler.metadata[run_id] = ((), {"langgraph_node": "tools"})
+
+        handler.on_chain_end(
+            {"messages": [ToolMessage(content="[]", tool_call_id="call_1")]},
+            run_id=run_id,
+        )
+
+        assert emitted == []
+
     def test_on_llm_end_dedupes_when_final_message_id_differs(self) -> None:
         """A streamed v2 message should not be emitted again from the final
         AIMessage fallback when its final id does not match `message-start`."""

libs/langgraph/uv.lock

@@ -871,11 +871,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6f/6d/0703ccc57f3a7233505399edb88de3cbd678da106337b9fcde432b65ed60/idna-3.11.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:795dafcc9c04ed0c1fb032c2aa73654d8e8c5023a7df64a53f39190ada629902", size = 194582, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:20.501Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/77/7b3966d0b9d1d31a36ddf1746926a11dface89a83409bf1483f0237aa758/idna-3.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca962446ea538f7092a95e057da437618e886f4d349216d2b1e294abfdb65fdc", size = 199245, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:57.011Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0e/61/66938bbb5fc52dbdf84594873d5b51fb1f7c7794e9c0f5bd885f30bc507b/idna-3.11-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:771a87f49d9defaf64091e6e6fe9c18d4833f140bd19464795bc32d966ca37ea", size = 71008, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:18.883Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jupyter-server"
-version = "2.17.0"
+version = "2.18.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "anyio" },
@@ -1269,9 +1269,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "traitlets" },
     { name = "websocket-client" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5b/ac/e040ec363d7b6b1f11304cc9f209dac4517ece5d5e01821366b924a64a50/jupyter_server-2.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c38ea898566964c888b4772ae1ed58eca84592e88251d2cfc4d171f81f7e99d5", size = 731949, upload-time = "2025-08-21T14:42:54.042Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/ec/9302cec1ccacdd33c1b1312ac31681c8975cae56c626d783ab49edf9c681/jupyter_server-2.18.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:568b27bce4320a53c3eebf1bdcbee9acf48a8ab7f66ec83d900ca9909d4fb770", size = 751152, upload-time = "2026-05-04T13:39:29.685Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/80/a24767e6ca280f5a49525d987bf3e4d7552bf67c8be07e8ccf20271f8568/jupyter_server-2.17.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e8cb9c7db4251f51ed307e329b81b72ccf2056ff82d50524debde1ee1870e13f", size = 388221, upload-time = "2025-08-21T14:42:52.034Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cf/f9/050312d92072ddb9ce14c11171804c07435790c98d4350935a780d9e10c2/jupyter_server-2.18.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:69a5397a039d689da81a45955f9b23e95ee167f6d8a8d64372fb616f2aac650a", size = 391687, upload-time = "2026-05-04T13:39:27.549Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.4.0a2"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
@@ -1363,9 +1363,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.0a7"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ test = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0a2,<2" },
+    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0,<2" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-prebuilt", editable = "../prebuilt" },
     { name = "langgraph-sdk", editable = "../sdk-py" },
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.0a4"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.0.3"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiosqlite" },
@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0a2"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1849,14 +1849,14 @@ dev = [
     { name = "pytest-watch" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = "==0.15.12" },
     { name = "starlette" },
-    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.23" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.33" },
 ]
 lint = [
     { name = "codespell" },
     { name = "mypy", specifier = "==1.20.2" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = "==0.15.12" },
     { name = "starlette" },
-    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.23" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.33" },
 ]
 test = [
     { name = "pytest" },
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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@@ -2085,14 +2085,14 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
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+version = "3.2.1"
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@@ -3743,11 +3743,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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 [[package]]

libs/prebuilt/langgraph/prebuilt/_tool_call_transformer.py

@@ -5,12 +5,42 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from typing import Any
 
+from langchain_core.messages import ToolMessage
 from langgraph.stream._types import ProtocolEvent, StreamTransformer
 from langgraph.stream.stream_channel import StreamChannel
 
 from langgraph.prebuilt._tool_call_stream import ToolCallStream
 
 
+def _is_serialized_tool_message(value: Any) -> bool:
+    """Detect a serialized LangChain `ToolMessage` payload.
+
+    Example:
+        {
+            "lc": 1,
+            "type": "constructor",
+            "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ToolMessage"],
+            "kwargs": {"content": "raw tool result", "tool_call_id": "call_1"},
+        }
+    """
+    return (
+        isinstance(value, dict)
+        and value.get("type") == "constructor"
+        and isinstance(value.get("id"), list)
+        and value["id"][-1] == "ToolMessage"
+    )
+
+
+def _normalize_tool_output(output: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(output, ToolMessage):
+        return output.content
+    if _is_serialized_tool_message(output):
+        kwargs = output.get("kwargs")
+        if isinstance(kwargs, dict):
+            return kwargs.get("content")
+    return output
+
+
 class ToolCallTransformer(StreamTransformer):
     """Project `tools` channel events into `ToolCallStream` handles.
 
@@ -109,7 +139,7 @@ class ToolCallTransformer(StreamTransformer):
         elif event_type == "tool-finished":
             stream = self._active.pop(tool_call_id, None)
             if stream is not None:
-                stream._finish(data.get("output"))
+                stream._finish(_normalize_tool_output(data.get("output")))
         elif event_type == "tool-error":
             stream = self._active.pop(tool_call_id, None)
             if stream is not None:

libs/prebuilt/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0a2"
+version = "1.1.0"
 description = "Library with high-level APIs for creating and executing LangGraph agents and tools."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"

libs/prebuilt/tests/test_tool_call_transformer.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import time
 from typing import Annotated, Any
 
 import pytest
-from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, ToolMessage
 from langchain_core.tools import tool
 from langgraph.constants import END, START
 from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
@@ -128,6 +128,42 @@ class TestToolCallTransformerUnit:
         assert stream.error is None
         assert "tc1" not in transformer._active
 
+    def test_finish_unwraps_tool_message_output(self) -> None:
+        mux, transformer = _mux()
+        mux.push(_tool_event("tool-started", "tc1", tool_name="echo"))
+        stream = transformer._active["tc1"]
+        mux.push(
+            _tool_event(
+                "tool-finished",
+                "tc1",
+                output=ToolMessage(content="done", tool_call_id="tc1"),
+            )
+        )
+        assert stream.completed is True
+        assert stream.output == "done"
+
+    def test_finish_unwraps_serialized_tool_message_output(self) -> None:
+        mux, transformer = _mux()
+        mux.push(_tool_event("tool-started", "tc1", tool_name="echo"))
+        stream = transformer._active["tc1"]
+        mux.push(
+            _tool_event(
+                "tool-finished",
+                "tc1",
+                output={
+                    "lc": 1,
+                    "type": "constructor",
+                    "id": ["langchain_core", "messages", "ToolMessage"],
+                    "kwargs": {
+                        "content": "serialized done",
+                        "tool_call_id": "tc1",
+                    },
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        assert stream.completed is True
+        assert stream.output == "serialized done"
+
     def test_error_closes_stream(self) -> None:
         mux, transformer = _mux()
         mux.push(_tool_event("tool-started", "tc1", tool_name="boom"))

libs/prebuilt/uv.lock

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 version = 1
 revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
+resolution-markers = [
+    "python_full_version >= '3.15'",
+    "python_full_version < '3.15'",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aiosqlite"
@@ -210,11 +214,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6f/6d/0703ccc57f3a7233505399edb88de3cbd678da106337b9fcde432b65ed60/idna-3.11.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:795dafcc9c04ed0c1fb032c2aa73654d8e8c5023a7df64a53f39190ada629902", size = 194582, upload-time = "2025-10-12T14:55:20.501Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/77/7b3966d0b9d1d31a36ddf1746926a11dface89a83409bf1483f0237aa758/idna-3.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca962446ea538f7092a95e057da437618e886f4d349216d2b1e294abfdb65fdc", size = 199245, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:57.011Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.4.0a2"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
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@@ -262,9 +266,9 @@ dependencies = [
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     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/1a/86c38c27b81913a1c6c12448cab55defb5a1097c7dc9a4cea83f55477a2d/langchain_core-1.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:23cbbdb46e38ddd1dd5247e6167e96013eae74bea4c5949c550809970a9e565c", size = 548120, upload-time = "2026-05-11T18:42:33.992Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -281,7 +285,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.0a7"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = { editable = "../langgraph" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -294,7 +298,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0a2,<2" },
+    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0,<2" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-prebuilt", editable = "." },
     { name = "langgraph-sdk", editable = "../sdk-py" },
@@ -365,7 +369,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -413,7 +417,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.0a4"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" }
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     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
@@ -460,7 +464,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.0.3"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" }
 dependencies = [
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@@ -503,7 +507,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0a2"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -614,14 +618,14 @@ dev = [
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     { name = "ruff", specifier = "==0.15.12" },
     { name = "starlette" },
-    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.23" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.33" },
 ]
 lint = [
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     { name = "mypy", specifier = "==1.20.2" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = "==0.15.12" },
     { name = "starlette" },
-    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.23" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.33" },
 ]
 test = [
     { name = "pytest" },
@@ -632,7 +636,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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@@ -645,9 +649,9 @@ dependencies = [
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/64/95f1f013531395f4e8ed73caeee780f65c7c58fe028cb543f8937b45611b/langsmith-0.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:59fe5b2a56bbbe14a08aa76691f84b49e8675dd21e11b57d80c6db8c08bac2e3", size = 4432996, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:07.341Z" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/e1/a4be2e696c9473bb53298df398237da5674704d781d4b748ed35aeef592a/langsmith-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:12cc4bc5622b835a6d841964d6034df3617bdb912dae0c1381fd0a68a9b3a3ef", size = 393268, upload-time = "2026-04-30T22:13:05.56Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -737,7 +741,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mypy"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c0/98/6beb4b351e472e5f4c4613f7c35a5290b8be2497e183825310c4c3a3984b/ruff-0.15.12-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:a538f7a82d061cee7be55542aca1d86d1393d55d81d4fcc314370f4340930d4f", size = 11120821, upload-time = "2026-04-24T18:16:57.979Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1486,11 +1490,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
-version = "2.6.3"
+version = "2.7.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/24/5f1b3bdffd70275f6661c76461e25f024d5a38a46f04aaca912426a2b1d3/urllib3-2.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b62b6884944a57dbe321509ab94fd4d3b307075e0c2eae991ac71ee15ad38ed", size = 435556, upload-time = "2026-01-07T16:24:43.925Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/0c/06f8b233b8fd13b9e5ee11424ef85419ba0d8ba0b3138bf360be2ff56953/urllib3-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:231e0ec3b63ceb14667c67be60f2f2c40a518cb38b03af60abc813da26505f4c", size = 433602, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:18.596Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/39/08/aaaad47bc4e9dc8c725e68f9d04865dbcb2052843ff09c97b08904852d84/urllib3-2.6.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bf272323e553dfb2e87d9bfd225ca7b0f467b919d7bbd355436d3fd37cb0acd4", size = 131584, upload-time = "2026-01-07T16:24:42.685Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/3e/5db95bcf282c52709639744ca2a8b149baccf648e39c8cc87553df9eae0c/urllib3-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9fb4c81ebbb1ce9531cce37674bbc6f1360472bc18ca9a553ede278ef7276897", size = 131087, upload-time = "2026-05-07T16:13:17.151Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ from langgraph_sdk.client import get_client, get_sync_client
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption import Encryption
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption.types import EncryptionContext
 
-__version__ = "0.3.13"
+__version__ = "0.3.15"
 
 __all__ = ["Auth", "Encryption", "EncryptionContext", "get_client", "get_sync_client"]

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/assistants.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from typing import Any, Literal, cast, overload
 import httpx
 
 from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     Assistant,
     AssistantSelectField,
@@ -84,7 +85,9 @@ class AssistantsClient:
             ```
         """
         return await self.http.get(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     async def get_graph(
@@ -142,7 +145,9 @@ class AssistantsClient:
             query_params.update(params)
 
         return await self.http.get(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/graph", params=query_params, headers=headers
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/graph",
+            params=query_params,
+            headers=headers,
         )
 
     async def get_schemas(
@@ -263,7 +268,9 @@ class AssistantsClient:
 
         """
         return await self.http.get(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/schemas", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/schemas",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     async def get_subgraphs(
@@ -293,13 +300,13 @@ class AssistantsClient:
             get_params = {**get_params, **dict(params)}
         if namespace is not None:
             return await self.http.get(
-                f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/subgraphs/{namespace}",
+                f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/subgraphs/{_quote_path_param(namespace)}",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
         else:
             return await self.http.get(
-                f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/subgraphs",
+                f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/subgraphs",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
@@ -436,7 +443,7 @@ class AssistantsClient:
         if description:
             payload["description"] = description
         return await self.http.patch(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -479,7 +486,7 @@ class AssistantsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         await self.http.delete(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}",
             headers=headers,
             params=query_params or None,
         )
@@ -686,7 +693,7 @@ class AssistantsClient:
         if metadata:
             payload["metadata"] = metadata
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/versions",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/versions",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -726,7 +733,7 @@ class AssistantsClient:
         payload: dict[str, Any] = {"version": version}
 
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/latest",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/latest",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/client.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def get_client(
     if url is None:
         url = "http://api"
         if os.environ.get("__LANGGRAPH_DEFER_LOOPBACK_TRANSPORT") == "true":
-            transport = get_asgi_transport()(app=None, root_path="/noauth")  # type: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+            transport = get_asgi_transport()(app=None, root_path="/noauth")  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
             _registered_transports.append(transport)
         else:
             try:
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def get_client(
                     "Failed to connect to in-process LangGraph server. Deferring configuration.",
                     exc_info=True,
                 )
-                transport = get_asgi_transport()(app=None, root_path="/noauth")  # type: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+                transport = get_asgi_transport()(app=None, root_path="/noauth")  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
                 _registered_transports.append(transport)
 
     if transport is None:
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def get_client(
         base_url=url,
         transport=transport,
         timeout=(
-            httpx.Timeout(timeout)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            httpx.Timeout(timeout)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
             if timeout is not None
             else httpx.Timeout(connect=5, read=300, write=300, pool=5)
         ),

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/cron.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, tzinfo
 from typing import Any
 
 from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
-from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _resolve_timezone
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param, _resolve_timezone
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     All,
     Config,
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     CronSortBy,
     Durability,
     Input,
+    Json,
     OnCompletionBehavior,
     QueryParamTypes,
     Run,
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ class CronClient:
             payload["multitask_strategy"] = multitask_strategy
         payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/crons",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/crons",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -314,7 +315,9 @@ class CronClient:
             ```
 
         """
-        await self.http.delete(f"/runs/crons/{cron_id}", headers=headers, params=params)
+        await self.http.delete(
+            f"/runs/crons/{_quote_path_param(cron_id)}", headers=headers, params=params
+        )
 
     async def update(
         self,
@@ -401,7 +404,7 @@ class CronClient:
         }
         payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
         return await self.http.patch(
-            f"/runs/crons/{cron_id}",
+            f"/runs/crons/{_quote_path_param(cron_id)}",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -413,6 +416,7 @@ class CronClient:
         assistant_id: str | None = None,
         thread_id: str | None = None,
         enabled: bool | None = None,
+        metadata: Json = None,
         limit: int = 10,
         offset: int = 0,
         sort_by: CronSortBy | None = None,
@@ -427,6 +431,8 @@ class CronClient:
             assistant_id: The assistant ID or graph name to search for.
             thread_id: the thread ID to search for.
             enabled: The enabled status to search for.
+            metadata: Metadata to filter by. Exact match filter for each KV pair.
+                !!! version-added "Added in Agent Server version 0.9.0"
             limit: The maximum number of results to return.
             offset: The number of results to skip.
             headers: Optional custom headers to include with the request.
@@ -481,6 +487,8 @@ class CronClient:
             "limit": limit,
             "offset": offset,
         }
+        if metadata:
+            payload["metadata"] = metadata
         if sort_by:
             payload["sort_by"] = sort_by
         if sort_order:
@@ -497,6 +505,7 @@ class CronClient:
         *,
         assistant_id: str | None = None,
         thread_id: str | None = None,
+        metadata: Json = None,
         headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
         params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
     ) -> int:
@@ -505,6 +514,8 @@ class CronClient:
         Args:
             assistant_id: Assistant ID to filter by.
             thread_id: Thread ID to filter by.
+            metadata: Metadata to filter by. Exact match filter for each KV pair.
+                !!! version-added "Added in Agent Server version 0.9.0"
             headers: Optional custom headers to include with the request.
             params: Optional query parameters to include with the request.
 
@@ -516,6 +527,8 @@ class CronClient:
             payload["assistant_id"] = assistant_id
         if thread_id:
             payload["thread_id"] = thread_id
+        if metadata:
+            payload["metadata"] = metadata
         return await self.http.post(
             "/runs/crons/count", json=payload, headers=headers, params=params
         )

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/runs.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import httpx
 from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
 from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import (
     _get_run_metadata_from_response,
+    _quote_path_param,
     _sse_to_v2_dict,
 )
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ async def _wrap_stream_v2(
     async for part in raw:
         v2 = _sse_to_v2_dict(part.event, part.data)
         if v2 is not None:
-            yield v2
+            yield v2  # ty: ignore[invalid-yield]
 
 
 class RunsClient:
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ class RunsClient:
             "langsmith_tracer": langsmith_tracing,
         }
         endpoint = (
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/stream"
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/stream"
             if thread_id is not None
             else "/runs/stream"
         )
@@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ class RunsClient:
                 on_run_created(metadata)
 
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs" if thread_id else "/runs",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs" if thread_id else "/runs",
             json=payload,
             params=params,
             headers=headers,
@@ -821,7 +822,9 @@ class RunsClient:
             "langsmith_tracer": langsmith_tracing,
         }
         endpoint = (
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/wait" if thread_id is not None else "/runs/wait"
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/wait"
+            if thread_id is not None
+            else "/runs/wait"
         )
 
         def on_response(res: httpx.Response):
@@ -895,7 +898,9 @@ class RunsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return await self.http.get(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs", params=query_params, headers=headers
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs",
+            params=query_params,
+            headers=headers,
         )
 
     async def get(
@@ -930,7 +935,9 @@ class RunsClient:
         """
 
         return await self.http.get(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     async def cancel(
@@ -978,14 +985,14 @@ class RunsClient:
             query_params.update(params)
         if wait:
             return await self.http.request_reconnect(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/cancel",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/cancel",
                 "POST",
                 params=query_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
         else:
             return await self.http.post(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/cancel",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/cancel",
                 json=None,
                 params=query_params,
                 headers=headers,
@@ -1081,7 +1088,7 @@ class RunsClient:
 
         """
         return await self.http.request_reconnect(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/join",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/join",
             "GET",
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -1136,7 +1143,7 @@ class RunsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.stream(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/stream",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/stream",
             "GET",
             params=query_params,
             headers={
@@ -1177,5 +1184,7 @@ class RunsClient:
 
         """
         await self.http.delete(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/threads.py

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Mapping, Sequence
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
 
 from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     Checkpoint,
     Json,
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class ThreadsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return await self.http.get(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}",
             headers=headers,
             params=query_params or None,
         )
@@ -172,15 +173,52 @@ class ThreadsClient:
             "/threads", json=payload, headers=headers, params=params
         )
 
+    @overload
     async def update(
         self,
         thread_id: str,
         *,
         metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
         ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: Literal[False] = False,
         headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
         params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
-    ) -> Thread:
+    ) -> Thread: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def update(
+        self,
+        thread_id: str,
+        *,
+        metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
+        ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: Literal[True],
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def update(
+        self,
+        thread_id: str,
+        *,
+        metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
+        ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: bool,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> Thread | None: ...
+
+    async def update(
+        self,
+        thread_id: str,
+        *,
+        metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
+        ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: bool = False,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> Thread | None:
         """Update a thread.
 
         Args:
@@ -189,11 +227,12 @@ class ThreadsClient:
             ttl: Optional time-to-live in minutes for the thread. You can pass an
                 integer (minutes) or a mapping with keys `ttl` and optional
                 `strategy` (defaults to "delete").
+            return_minimal: If `True`, request a 204 response with no body.
             headers: Optional custom headers to include with the request.
             params: Optional query parameters to include with the request.
 
         Returns:
-            The created thread.
+            The updated thread, or `None` when `return_minimal=True`.
 
         ???+ example "Example Usage"
 
@@ -212,10 +251,13 @@ class ThreadsClient:
                 payload["ttl"] = {"ttl": ttl, "strategy": "delete"}
             else:
                 payload["ttl"] = ttl
+        request_headers = dict(headers or {})
+        if return_minimal:
+            request_headers["Prefer"] = "return=minimal"
         return await self.http.patch(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}",
             json=payload,
-            headers=headers,
+            headers=request_headers or None,
             params=params,
         )
 
@@ -246,7 +288,9 @@ class ThreadsClient:
             ```
 
         """
-        await self.http.delete(f"/threads/{thread_id}", headers=headers, params=params)
+        await self.http.delete(
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}", headers=headers, params=params
+        )
 
     async def search(
         self,
@@ -389,7 +433,10 @@ class ThreadsClient:
 
         """
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/copy", json=None, headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/copy",
+            json=None,
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     async def prune(
@@ -545,7 +592,7 @@ class ThreadsClient:
         """
         if checkpoint:
             return await self.http.post(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/state/checkpoint",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state/checkpoint",
                 json={"checkpoint": checkpoint, "subgraphs": subgraphs},
                 headers=headers,
                 params=params,
@@ -555,7 +602,7 @@ class ThreadsClient:
             if params:
                 get_params = {**get_params, **dict(params)}
             return await self.http.get(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/state/{checkpoint_id}",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state/{_quote_path_param(checkpoint_id)}",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
@@ -564,7 +611,7 @@ class ThreadsClient:
             if params:
                 get_params = {**get_params, **dict(params)}
             return await self.http.get(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/state",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
@@ -629,7 +676,10 @@ class ThreadsClient:
         if as_node:
             payload["as_node"] = as_node
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/state", json=payload, headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state",
+            json=payload,
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     async def get_history(
@@ -678,7 +728,7 @@ class ThreadsClient:
         if checkpoint:
             payload["checkpoint"] = checkpoint
         return await self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/history",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/history",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -722,7 +772,7 @@ class ThreadsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.stream(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/stream",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/stream",
             "GET",
             headers={
                 **({"Last-Event-ID": last_event_id} if last_event_id else {}),

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_shared/utilities.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import re
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from datetime import tzinfo
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import quote, urlparse
 
 import httpx
 
@@ -144,8 +144,9 @@ def _resolve_timezone(tz: str | tzinfo | ZoneInfo | None) -> str | None:
         return tz
     if isinstance(tz, tzinfo):
         # ZoneInfo objects have a .key attribute with the IANA name
-        if hasattr(tz, "key"):
-            return tz.key  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        key = getattr(tz, "key", None)
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            return key
         # Fall back to tzname for fixed-offset timezones like datetime.timezone.utc
         name = tz.tzname(None)
         if name is not None:
@@ -197,6 +198,39 @@ def _provided_vals(d: Mapping[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return {k: v for k, v in d.items() if v is not None}
 
 
+def _quote_path_param(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Encode a value for safe interpolation into a request path segment.
+
+    Path segments are encoded with ``safe=""`` so that ``/`` and other reserved
+    characters are escaped. Standalone dot-segments (``.`` and ``..``) are also
+    encoded because some URL-handling stacks (including ``httpx``) collapse
+    them client-side as relative-path traversal before transmission. The value
+    is coerced to ``str`` so callers can pass ``uuid.UUID`` and similar types
+    directly without changing call sites.
+
+    A properly formed identifier (for example, a standard UUID, which contains
+    no dots or reserved characters) round-trips through this function
+    unchanged.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If `value` is `None` or a `bytes`/`bytearray` instance.
+            Coercing those would produce misleading paths (e.g. `/threads/None`),
+            so surface the caller bug instead.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        raise TypeError("path parameter must not be None")
+    if isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        raise TypeError("path parameter must not be bytes; pass a str or uuid.UUID")
+    quoted = quote(str(value), safe="")
+    # Bare "." or ".." (or any all-dot string) acts as a relative-path segment
+    # that some HTTP stacks (including ``httpx``) collapse client-side before
+    # transmission. Encode the dots so the segment becomes opaque to that
+    # logic. Mixed values like "agent.v1" are unaffected.
+    if quoted and all(c == "." for c in quoted):
+        quoted = "%2E" * len(quoted)
+    return quoted
+
+
 _registered_transports: list[httpx.ASGITransport] = []
 
 
@@ -209,7 +243,7 @@ def configure_loopback_transports(app: Any) -> None:
 @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
 def get_asgi_transport() -> type[httpx.ASGITransport]:
     try:
-        from langgraph_api import asgi_transport  # type: ignore[unresolved-import]
+        from langgraph_api import asgi_transport  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
 
         return asgi_transport.ASGITransport
     except ImportError:

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/assistants.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any, Literal, cast, overload
 
 import httpx
 
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param
 from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     Assistant,
@@ -83,7 +84,9 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
 
         """
         return self.http.get(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     def get_graph(
@@ -136,7 +139,9 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.get(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/graph", params=query_params, headers=headers
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/graph",
+            params=query_params,
+            headers=headers,
         )
 
     def get_schemas(
@@ -269,7 +274,9 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
 
         """
         return self.http.get(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/schemas", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/schemas",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     def get_subgraphs(
@@ -297,13 +304,13 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
             get_params = {**get_params, **dict(params)}
         if namespace is not None:
             return self.http.get(
-                f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/subgraphs/{namespace}",
+                f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/subgraphs/{_quote_path_param(namespace)}",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
         else:
             return self.http.get(
-                f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/subgraphs",
+                f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/subgraphs",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
@@ -438,7 +445,7 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
         if description:
             payload["description"] = description
         return self.http.patch(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -481,7 +488,7 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         self.http.delete(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}",
             headers=headers,
             params=query_params or None,
         )
@@ -685,7 +692,7 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
         if metadata:
             payload["metadata"] = metadata
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/versions",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/versions",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -724,7 +731,7 @@ class SyncAssistantsClient:
         payload: dict[str, Any] = {"version": version}
 
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/assistants/{assistant_id}/latest",
+            f"/assistants/{_quote_path_param(assistant_id)}/latest",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/client.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def get_sync_client(
         base_url=url,
         transport=transport,
         timeout=(
-            httpx.Timeout(timeout)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            httpx.Timeout(timeout)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
             if timeout is not None
             else httpx.Timeout(connect=5, read=300, write=300, pool=5)
         ),

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/cron.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime, tzinfo
 from typing import Any
 
-from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _resolve_timezone
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param, _resolve_timezone
 from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     All,
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     CronSortBy,
     Durability,
     Input,
+    Json,
     OnCompletionBehavior,
     QueryParamTypes,
     Run,
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ class SyncCronClient:
         }
         payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/crons",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/crons",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -303,7 +304,9 @@ class SyncCronClient:
             ```
 
         """
-        self.http.delete(f"/runs/crons/{cron_id}", headers=headers, params=params)
+        self.http.delete(
+            f"/runs/crons/{_quote_path_param(cron_id)}", headers=headers, params=params
+        )
 
     def update(
         self,
@@ -390,7 +393,7 @@ class SyncCronClient:
         }
         payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
         return self.http.patch(
-            f"/runs/crons/{cron_id}",
+            f"/runs/crons/{_quote_path_param(cron_id)}",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -402,6 +405,7 @@ class SyncCronClient:
         assistant_id: str | None = None,
         thread_id: str | None = None,
         enabled: bool | None = None,
+        metadata: Json = None,
         limit: int = 10,
         offset: int = 0,
         sort_by: CronSortBy | None = None,
@@ -416,6 +420,8 @@ class SyncCronClient:
             assistant_id: The assistant ID or graph name to search for.
             thread_id: the thread ID to search for.
             enabled: Whether the cron job is enabled.
+            metadata: Metadata to filter by. Exact match filter for each KV pair.
+                !!! version-added "Added in Agent Server version 0.9.0"
             limit: The maximum number of results to return.
             offset: The number of results to skip.
             headers: Optional custom headers to include with the request.
@@ -468,6 +474,8 @@ class SyncCronClient:
             "limit": limit,
             "offset": offset,
         }
+        if metadata:
+            payload["metadata"] = metadata
         if sort_by:
             payload["sort_by"] = sort_by
         if sort_order:
@@ -484,6 +492,7 @@ class SyncCronClient:
         *,
         assistant_id: str | None = None,
         thread_id: str | None = None,
+        metadata: Json = None,
         headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
         params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
     ) -> int:
@@ -492,6 +501,8 @@ class SyncCronClient:
         Args:
             assistant_id: Assistant ID to filter by.
             thread_id: Thread ID to filter by.
+            metadata: Metadata to filter by. Exact match filter for each KV pair.
+                !!! version-added "Added in Agent Server version 0.9.0"
             headers: Optional custom headers to include with the request.
             params: Optional query parameters to include with the request.
 
@@ -503,6 +514,8 @@ class SyncCronClient:
             payload["assistant_id"] = assistant_id
         if thread_id:
             payload["thread_id"] = thread_id
+        if metadata:
+            payload["metadata"] = metadata
         return self.http.post(
             "/runs/crons/count", json=payload, headers=headers, params=params
         )

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/runs.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import httpx
 
 from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import (
     _get_run_metadata_from_response,
+    _quote_path_param,
     _sse_to_v2_dict,
 )
 from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ def _wrap_stream_v2_sync(
     for part in raw:
         v2 = _sse_to_v2_dict(part.event, part.data)
         if v2 is not None:
-            yield v2
+            yield v2  # ty: ignore[invalid-yield]
 
 
 class SyncRunsClient:
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
             "langsmith_tracer": langsmith_tracing,
         }
         endpoint = (
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/stream"
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/stream"
             if thread_id is not None
             else "/runs/stream"
         )
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
                 on_run_created(metadata)
 
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs" if thread_id else "/runs",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs" if thread_id else "/runs",
             json=payload,
             params=params,
             headers=headers,
@@ -825,7 +826,9 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
                 on_run_created(metadata)
 
         endpoint = (
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/wait" if thread_id is not None else "/runs/wait"
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/wait"
+            if thread_id is not None
+            else "/runs/wait"
         )
         return self.http.request_reconnect(
             endpoint,
@@ -879,7 +882,9 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.get(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs", params=query_params, headers=headers
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs",
+            params=query_params,
+            headers=headers,
         )
 
     def get(
@@ -912,7 +917,9 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
         """
 
         return self.http.get(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     def cancel(
@@ -960,14 +967,14 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
             query_params.update(params)
         if wait:
             return self.http.request_reconnect(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/cancel",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/cancel",
                 "POST",
                 json=None,
                 params=query_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/cancel",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/cancel",
             json=None,
             params=query_params,
             headers=headers,
@@ -1063,7 +1070,7 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
 
         """
         return self.http.request_reconnect(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/join",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/join",
             "GET",
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -1117,7 +1124,7 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.stream(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}/stream",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}/stream",
             "GET",
             params=query_params,
             headers={
@@ -1158,5 +1165,7 @@ class SyncRunsClient:
 
         """
         self.http.delete(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/runs/{run_id}", headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/runs/{_quote_path_param(run_id)}",
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/threads.py

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
 
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param
 from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
 from langgraph_sdk.schema import (
     Checkpoint,
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.get(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}",
             headers=headers,
             params=query_params or None,
         )
@@ -168,15 +169,52 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
 
         return self.http.post("/threads", json=payload, headers=headers, params=params)
 
+    @overload
     def update(
         self,
         thread_id: str,
         *,
         metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
         ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: Literal[False] = False,
         headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
         params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
-    ) -> Thread:
+    ) -> Thread: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def update(
+        self,
+        thread_id: str,
+        *,
+        metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
+        ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: Literal[True],
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def update(
+        self,
+        thread_id: str,
+        *,
+        metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
+        ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: bool,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> Thread | None: ...
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        thread_id: str,
+        *,
+        metadata: Mapping[str, Any],
+        ttl: int | Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+        return_minimal: bool = False,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> Thread | None:
         """Update a thread.
 
         Args:
@@ -185,11 +223,12 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
             ttl: Optional time-to-live in minutes for the thread. You can pass an
                 integer (minutes) or a mapping with keys `ttl` and optional
                 `strategy` (defaults to "delete").
+            return_minimal: If `True`, request a 204 response with no body.
             headers: Optional custom headers to include with the request.
             params: Optional query parameters to include with the request.
 
         Returns:
-            The created `Thread`.
+            The updated `Thread`, or `None` when `return_minimal=True`.
 
         ???+ example "Example Usage"
 
@@ -208,10 +247,13 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
                 payload["ttl"] = {"ttl": ttl, "strategy": "delete"}
             else:
                 payload["ttl"] = ttl
+        request_headers = dict(headers or {})
+        if return_minimal:
+            request_headers["Prefer"] = "return=minimal"
         return self.http.patch(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}",
             json=payload,
-            headers=headers,
+            headers=request_headers or None,
             params=params,
         )
 
@@ -241,7 +283,9 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
             ```
 
         """
-        self.http.delete(f"/threads/{thread_id}", headers=headers, params=params)
+        self.http.delete(
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}", headers=headers, params=params
+        )
 
     def search(
         self,
@@ -380,7 +424,10 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
 
         """
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/copy", json=None, headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/copy",
+            json=None,
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     def prune(
@@ -535,7 +582,7 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
         """
         if checkpoint:
             return self.http.post(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/state/checkpoint",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state/checkpoint",
                 json={"checkpoint": checkpoint, "subgraphs": subgraphs},
                 headers=headers,
                 params=params,
@@ -545,7 +592,7 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
             if params:
                 get_params = {**get_params, **dict(params)}
             return self.http.get(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/state/{checkpoint_id}",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state/{_quote_path_param(checkpoint_id)}",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
@@ -554,7 +601,7 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
             if params:
                 get_params = {**get_params, **dict(params)}
             return self.http.get(
-                f"/threads/{thread_id}/state",
+                f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state",
                 params=get_params,
                 headers=headers,
             )
@@ -616,7 +663,10 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
         if as_node:
             payload["as_node"] = as_node
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/state", json=payload, headers=headers, params=params
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/state",
+            json=payload,
+            headers=headers,
+            params=params,
         )
 
     def get_history(
@@ -666,7 +716,7 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
         if checkpoint:
             payload["checkpoint"] = checkpoint
         return self.http.post(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/history",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/history",
             json=payload,
             headers=headers,
             params=params,
@@ -711,7 +761,7 @@ class SyncThreadsClient:
         if params:
             query_params.update(params)
         return self.http.stream(
-            f"/threads/{thread_id}/stream",
+            f"/threads/{_quote_path_param(thread_id)}/stream",
             "GET",
             headers={
                 **({"Last-Event-ID": last_event_id} if last_event_id else {}),

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/cache.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ T = TypeVar("T")
 CacheStatus = Literal["miss", "fresh", "stale", "expired"]
 
 try:
-    from langgraph_api.cache import (  # type: ignore[unresolved-import]
+    from langgraph_api.cache import (  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
         cache_get as _cache_get,
     )
-    from langgraph_api.cache import (  # type: ignore[unresolved-import]
+    from langgraph_api.cache import (  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
         cache_set as _cache_set,
     )
 except ImportError:
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ except ImportError:
 
 
 try:
-    from langgraph_api.cache import SWRResult  # type: ignore[unresolved-import]
-    from langgraph_api.cache import swr as _api_swr  # type: ignore[unresolved-import]
+    from langgraph_api.cache import SWRResult  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
+    from langgraph_api.cache import swr as _api_swr  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
 
 except ImportError:
     _api_swr = None
@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ except ImportError:
         value: T
         status: CacheStatus
 
-        async def mutate(self, value: T = ...) -> T:  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        async def mutate(
+            self,
+            value: T = ...,  # ty: ignore[invalid-parameter-default]
+        ) -> T:  # ty: ignore[empty-body]
             """Update or revalidate the cached value."""
             ...
 

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/errors.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class APIError(httpx.HTTPStatusError, LangGraphError):
             req = response_or_request
             response = None
 
-        httpx.HTTPStatusError.__init__(self, message, request=req, response=response)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        httpx.HTTPStatusError.__init__(self, message, request=req, response=response)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
         LangGraphError.__init__(self, message)
 
         self.request = req

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/runtime.py

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class _ExecutionRuntime(_ServerRuntimeBase[ContextT], Generic[ContextT]):
         This API is in beta and may change in future releases.
     """
 
-    context: ContextT = field(default=None)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    context: ContextT = field(default=None)  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
     """The graph run context, typed by the graph's `context_schema`.
 
     Only available during `threads.create_run`.

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/sse.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class BytesLineDecoder:
             # Include any existing buffer in the first portion of the
             # splitlines result.
             self.buffer.extend(lines[0])
-            lines = cast(list[BytesLike], [self.buffer, *lines[1:]])
+            lines = [self.buffer, *lines[1:]]
             self.buffer = bytearray()
 
         if not trailing_newline:
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class BytesLineDecoder:
         if not self.buffer and not self.trailing_cr:
             return []
 
-        lines = [self.buffer]
+        lines: list[BytesLike] = [self.buffer]
         self.buffer = bytearray()
         self.trailing_cr = False
         return lines
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class SSEDecoder:
 
             sse = StreamPart(
                 event=self._event,
-                data=orjson.loads(self._data) if self._data else None,  # type: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+                data=orjson.loads(self._data) if self._data else None,  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
                 id=self.last_event_id,
             )
 

libs/sdk-py/pyproject.toml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ lint = [
     "ruff==0.15.12",
     "codespell",
     "mypy==1.20.2",
-    "ty==0.0.23",
+    "ty==0.0.33",
     "starlette",
 ]
 dev = [

libs/sdk-py/tests/test_client_stream.py

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ async def test_async_stream_v2_client_side_conversion() -> None:
             event="values", data={"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hi"}]}
         )
         yield StreamPart(event="updates|sub:abc", data={"node": {"out": 1}})
-        yield StreamPart(event="end", data=None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        yield StreamPart(event="end", data=None)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
 
     parts: list[StreamPartV2] = [part async for part in _wrap_stream_v2(mock_stream())]
     assert len(parts) == 3
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ def test_sync_stream_v2_client_side_conversion() -> None:
     def mock_stream() -> Any:
         yield StreamPart(event="metadata", data={"run_id": "r1"})
         yield StreamPart(event="values", data={"state": "full"})
-        yield StreamPart(event="end", data=None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        yield StreamPart(event="end", data=None)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
 
     parts: list[StreamPartV2] = list(_wrap_stream_v2_sync(mock_stream()))
     assert len(parts) == 2

libs/sdk-py/tests/test_crons_client.py

@@ -485,3 +485,165 @@ def test_sync_update_with_enabled_parameter(enabled_value):
         )
 
     assert result == cron
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_search_with_metadata():
+    """Test that CronClient.search forwards metadata in the request body."""
+    cron = _cron_response()
+
+    async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        assert request.method == "POST"
+        assert request.url.path == "/runs/crons/search"
+
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert body["metadata"] == {"owner": "alice"}
+        assert body["limit"] == 10
+        assert body["offset"] == 0
+
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=[cron])
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+    ) as client:
+        http_client = HttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = CronClient(http_client)
+        result = await cron_client.search(metadata={"owner": "alice"})
+
+    assert result == [cron]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_search_omits_empty_metadata():
+    """Test that CronClient.search does not send metadata when not provided."""
+    cron = _cron_response()
+
+    async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert "metadata" not in body
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=[cron])
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+    ) as client:
+        http_client = HttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = CronClient(http_client)
+        await cron_client.search()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_count_with_metadata():
+    """Test that CronClient.count forwards metadata in the request body."""
+
+    async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        assert request.method == "POST"
+        assert request.url.path == "/runs/crons/count"
+
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert body["metadata"] == {"team": "infra"}
+
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=2)
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+    ) as client:
+        http_client = HttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = CronClient(http_client)
+        result = await cron_client.count(metadata={"team": "infra"})
+
+    assert result == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_count_omits_empty_metadata():
+    """Test that CronClient.count does not send metadata when not provided."""
+
+    async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert "metadata" not in body
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=0)
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+    ) as client:
+        http_client = HttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = CronClient(http_client)
+        await cron_client.count()
+
+
+def test_sync_search_with_metadata():
+    """Test that SyncCronClient.search forwards metadata in the request body."""
+    cron = _cron_response()
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        assert request.method == "POST"
+        assert request.url.path == "/runs/crons/search"
+
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert body["metadata"] == {"owner": "alice"}
+
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=[cron])
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    with httpx.Client(transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com") as client:
+        http_client = SyncHttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = SyncCronClient(http_client)
+        result = cron_client.search(metadata={"owner": "alice"})
+
+    assert result == [cron]
+
+
+def test_sync_search_omits_empty_metadata():
+    """Test that SyncCronClient.search does not send metadata when not provided."""
+    cron = _cron_response()
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert "metadata" not in body
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=[cron])
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    with httpx.Client(transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com") as client:
+        http_client = SyncHttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = SyncCronClient(http_client)
+        cron_client.search()
+
+
+def test_sync_count_with_metadata():
+    """Test that SyncCronClient.count forwards metadata in the request body."""
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        assert request.method == "POST"
+        assert request.url.path == "/runs/crons/count"
+
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert body["metadata"] == {"team": "infra"}
+
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=2)
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    with httpx.Client(transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com") as client:
+        http_client = SyncHttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = SyncCronClient(http_client)
+        result = cron_client.count(metadata={"team": "infra"})
+
+    assert result == 2
+
+
+def test_sync_count_omits_empty_metadata():
+    """Test that SyncCronClient.count does not send metadata when not provided."""
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        body = json.loads(request.content)
+        assert "metadata" not in body
+        return httpx.Response(200, json=0)
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    with httpx.Client(transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com") as client:
+        http_client = SyncHttpClient(client)
+        cron_client = SyncCronClient(http_client)
+        cron_client.count()

libs/sdk-py/tests/test_encryption.py

@@ -67,6 +67,6 @@ class TestHandlerValidation:
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must accept exactly 2 parameters"):
 
-            @encryption.encrypt.blob  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            @encryption.encrypt.blob  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
             async def wrong_params(ctx):
                 return ctx

libs/sdk-py/tests/test_path_encoding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+"""Regression tests for path-segment encoding of caller-supplied identifiers.
+
+Covers GHSA-w39p-vh2g-g8g5: identifier values interpolated into request paths
+are encoded so the resulting request addresses the resource the SDK method
+indicates, even if the identifier contains characters with special meaning in
+URL paths.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from langgraph_sdk._shared.utilities import _quote_path_param
+from langgraph_sdk.client import (
+    AssistantsClient,
+    CronClient,
+    HttpClient,
+    RunsClient,
+    SyncAssistantsClient,
+    SyncCronClient,
+    SyncHttpClient,
+    SyncRunsClient,
+    SyncThreadsClient,
+    ThreadsClient,
+)
+
+
+class TestQuotePathParam:
+    """Unit tests for the encoding helper itself."""
+
+    def test_uuid_round_trips_unchanged(self) -> None:
+        uuid_value = "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
+        assert _quote_path_param(uuid_value) == uuid_value
+
+    def test_simple_opaque_id_round_trips_unchanged(self) -> None:
+        assert _quote_path_param("thread_123") == "thread_123"
+        assert _quote_path_param("asst_abc") == "asst_abc"
+
+    def test_slash_is_encoded(self) -> None:
+        assert _quote_path_param("foo/bar") == "foo%2Fbar"
+
+    def test_bare_dot_segments_are_encoded(self) -> None:
+        # All-dot strings are encoded to make them opaque to HTTP stacks that
+        # collapse "./.." path segments client-side.
+        assert _quote_path_param(".") == "%2E"
+        assert _quote_path_param("..") == "%2E%2E"
+        assert _quote_path_param("...") == "%2E%2E%2E"
+        # Mixed values that happen to contain dots are not affected.
+        assert _quote_path_param("agent.v1") == "agent.v1"
+        # Subsequent ``/`` characters are encoded regardless.
+        assert _quote_path_param("../bar") == "..%2Fbar"
+
+    def test_full_pivot_payload_is_encoded(self) -> None:
+        # A caller-supplied identifier that, if interpolated raw, would route
+        # the request to a different resource type.
+        payload = "../assistants/abc-123"
+        encoded = _quote_path_param(payload)
+        assert encoded == "..%2Fassistants%2Fabc-123"
+        assert "/" not in encoded
+
+    def test_non_string_values_are_coerced_to_str(self) -> None:
+        import uuid
+
+        uid = uuid.UUID("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")
+        assert _quote_path_param(uid) == str(uid)
+        assert _quote_path_param(42) == "42"
+
+    def test_none_value_raises_type_error(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must not be None"):
+            _quote_path_param(None)
+
+    def test_bytes_value_raises_type_error(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must not be bytes"):
+            _quote_path_param(b"bytes")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must not be bytes"):
+            _quote_path_param(bytearray(b"bytes"))
+
+
+def _wire_path(request: httpx.Request) -> str:
+    """Return the path as it goes on the wire (preserves percent-encoding)."""
+    return request.url.raw_path.decode("ascii")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+class TestAsyncPathEncoding:
+    """Async-client tests that verify the encoded path actually lands on the wire.
+
+    Note: ``request.url.path`` is the percent-decoded display form. The bytes
+    that actually go on the wire are in ``request.url.raw_path``; that is what
+    the server's router sees and what these tests inspect.
+    """
+
+    async def test_threads_get_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_threads(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.get("../assistants/abc-123")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        wire = captured[0]
+        # The identifier is encoded so the wire path stays inside `/threads/...`.
+        # The encoded segment must not contain literal slashes that could let
+        # the server re-route to a different resource type.
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/")
+        segment = wire[len("/threads/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+        assert "%2F" in segment
+        assert segment == "..%2Fassistants%2Fabc-123"
+
+    async def test_threads_update_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_threads(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append((request.method, _wire_path(request)))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.update("../assistants/abc-123", metadata={"x": 1})
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        method, wire = captured[0]
+        assert method == "PATCH"
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/")
+        segment = wire[len("/threads/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+
+    async def test_threads_delete_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_threads(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append((request.method, _wire_path(request)))
+            return httpx.Response(200)
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.delete("../runs/crons/some-cron-id")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        method, wire = captured[0]
+        assert method == "DELETE"
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/")
+        segment = wire[len("/threads/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+
+    async def test_assistants_get_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_assistants(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"assistant_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            assistants_client = AssistantsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await assistants_client.get("../threads/abc-123")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        wire = captured[0]
+        assert wire.startswith("/assistants/")
+        segment = wire[len("/assistants/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+
+    async def test_runs_delete_double_id_pivot_stays_on_threads_runs(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append((request.method, _wire_path(request)))
+            return httpx.Response(200)
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            runs_client = RunsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            # Both identifier values supplied as path-traversal payloads.
+            await runs_client.delete("..", "../runs/crons/cron-id")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        method, wire = captured[0]
+        assert method == "DELETE"
+        # The path should match `/threads/{quoted_thread}/runs/{quoted_run}`
+        # exactly. Neither segment should contain literal slashes.
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/")
+        assert "/runs/crons/" not in wire
+        parts = wire.split("/")
+        # Expected shape: ['', 'threads', '<encoded ..>', 'runs', '<encoded ..>']
+        assert len(parts) == 5
+        assert parts[1] == "threads"
+        assert parts[3] == "runs"
+        # Encoded thread_id and run_id are between literal slashes.
+        assert parts[2] == "%2E%2E"
+        assert parts[4] == "..%2Fruns%2Fcrons%2Fcron-id"
+
+    async def test_crons_delete_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_crons(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append((request.method, _wire_path(request)))
+            return httpx.Response(200)
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            crons_client = CronClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await crons_client.delete("../../assistants/abc-123")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        method, wire = captured[0]
+        assert method == "DELETE"
+        assert wire.startswith("/runs/crons/")
+        segment = wire[len("/runs/crons/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+
+    async def test_threads_get_state_with_pivot_checkpoint_id_stays_on_state(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.get_state(thread_id="tid-1", checkpoint_id="../runs")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        wire = captured[0]
+        # Wire path must stay on `/threads/{tid}/state/...`, not pivot to
+        # `/threads/tid-1/runs`.
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/tid-1/state/")
+        # Strip query string before checking the checkpoint segment.
+        path_only = wire.split("?", 1)[0]
+        segment = path_only[len("/threads/tid-1/state/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+        assert segment == "..%2Fruns"
+
+    async def test_assistants_get_subgraphs_with_pivot_namespace_stays_on_subgraphs(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            assistants_client = AssistantsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await assistants_client.get_subgraphs("aid-1", namespace="../foo")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        wire = captured[0]
+        # Wire path must stay on `/assistants/{aid}/subgraphs/...`.
+        assert wire.startswith("/assistants/aid-1/subgraphs/")
+        # Strip query string before checking the namespace segment.
+        path_only = wire.split("?", 1)[0]
+        segment = path_only[len("/assistants/aid-1/subgraphs/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+        assert segment == "..%2Ffoo"
+
+    async def test_bare_double_dot_thread_id_survives_to_wire(self) -> None:
+        """The all-dot encoding branch must survive httpx's relative-path collapse."""
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.get("..")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        # The all-dot identifier is fully percent-encoded so httpx does NOT
+        # collapse it client-side as a relative-path traversal.
+        assert captured[0].endswith("/threads/%2E%2E")
+
+    async def test_bare_single_dot_thread_id_survives_to_wire(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.get(".")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        assert captured[0].endswith("/threads/%2E")
+
+    async def test_uuid_identifier_lands_on_intended_path(self) -> None:
+        """Legitimate UUID identifiers round-trip without encoding artifacts."""
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(client))
+            await threads_client.get("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")
+
+        assert captured == ["/threads/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"]
+
+
+class TestSyncPathEncoding:
+    """Sync-client tests that mirror the async coverage on a representative subset."""
+
+    def test_threads_get_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_threads(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        with httpx.Client(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(client))
+            threads_client.get("../assistants/abc-123")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        wire = captured[0]
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/")
+        segment = wire[len("/threads/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+        assert segment == "..%2Fassistants%2Fabc-123"
+
+    def test_assistants_get_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_assistants(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"assistant_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        with httpx.Client(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            assistants_client = SyncAssistantsClient(SyncHttpClient(client))
+            assistants_client.get("../threads/abc-123")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        wire = captured[0]
+        assert wire.startswith("/assistants/")
+        segment = wire[len("/assistants/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+
+    def test_runs_delete_double_id_pivot_stays_on_threads_runs(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append((request.method, _wire_path(request)))
+            return httpx.Response(200)
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        with httpx.Client(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            runs_client = SyncRunsClient(SyncHttpClient(client))
+            runs_client.delete("..", "../runs/crons/cron-id")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        method, wire = captured[0]
+        assert method == "DELETE"
+        assert wire.startswith("/threads/")
+        assert "/runs/crons/" not in wire
+        parts = wire.split("/")
+        assert len(parts) == 5
+        assert parts[1] == "threads"
+        assert parts[3] == "runs"
+        assert parts[2] == "%2E%2E"
+        assert parts[4] == "..%2Fruns%2Fcrons%2Fcron-id"
+
+    def test_crons_delete_with_pivot_payload_stays_on_crons(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append((request.method, _wire_path(request)))
+            return httpx.Response(200)
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        with httpx.Client(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            crons_client = SyncCronClient(SyncHttpClient(client))
+            crons_client.delete("../../assistants/abc-123")
+
+        assert len(captured) == 1
+        method, wire = captured[0]
+        assert method == "DELETE"
+        assert wire.startswith("/runs/crons/")
+        segment = wire[len("/runs/crons/") :]
+        assert "/" not in segment
+
+    def test_uuid_identifier_lands_on_intended_path(self) -> None:
+        captured: list[str] = []
+
+        def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+            captured.append(_wire_path(request))
+            return httpx.Response(200, json={"thread_id": "anything"})
+
+        transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+        with httpx.Client(
+            transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+        ) as client:
+            threads_client = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(client))
+            threads_client.get("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")
+
+        assert captured == ["/threads/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"]

libs/sdk-py/tests/test_threads_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from langgraph_sdk.client import (
+    HttpClient,
+    SyncHttpClient,
+    SyncThreadsClient,
+    ThreadsClient,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_threads_update_return_minimal():
+    async def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        assert request.method == "PATCH"
+        assert request.url.path == "/threads/thread_123"
+        assert request.headers["Prefer"] == "return=minimal"
+        assert json.loads(request.content) == {"metadata": {"foo": "bar"}}
+        return httpx.Response(204)
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com"
+    ) as client:
+        http_client = HttpClient(client)
+        threads_client = ThreadsClient(http_client)
+        result = await threads_client.update(
+            "thread_123",
+            metadata={"foo": "bar"},
+            return_minimal=True,
+        )
+
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_sync_threads_update_return_minimal():
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        assert request.method == "PATCH"
+        assert request.url.path == "/threads/thread_123"
+        assert request.headers["Prefer"] == "return=minimal"
+        assert json.loads(request.content) == {"metadata": {"foo": "bar"}}
+        return httpx.Response(204)
+
+    transport = httpx.MockTransport(handler)
+    with httpx.Client(transport=transport, base_url="https://example.com") as client:
+        http_client = SyncHttpClient(client)
+        threads_client = SyncThreadsClient(http_client)
+        result = threads_client.update(
+            "thread_123",
+            metadata={"foo": "bar"},
+            return_minimal=True,
+        )
+
+    assert result is None

libs/sdk-py/uv.lock

@@ -227,11 +227,11 @@ wheels = [
 
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-version = "3.11"
+version = "3.15"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/23/408243171aa9aaba178d3e2559159c24c1171a641aa83b67bdd3394ead8e/idna-3.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:048adeaf8c2d788c40fee287673ccaa74c24ffd8dcf09ffa555a2fbb59f10ac8", size = 72340, upload-time = "2026-05-12T22:45:55.733Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.4.0a2"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jsonpatch" },
@@ -279,9 +279,9 @@ dependencies = [
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     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/1a/86c38c27b81913a1c6c12448cab55defb5a1097c7dc9a4cea83f55477a2d/langchain_core-1.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:23cbbdb46e38ddd1dd5247e6167e96013eae74bea4c5949c550809970a9e565c", size = 548120, upload-time = "2026-05-11T18:42:33.992Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.0a7"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = { editable = "../langgraph" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0a2,<2" },
+    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0,<2" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-prebuilt", editable = "../prebuilt" },
     { name = "langgraph-sdk", editable = "." },
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.1.0a4"
+version = "4.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0a2"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -533,14 +533,14 @@ dev = [
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     { name = "ruff", specifier = "==0.15.12" },
     { name = "starlette" },
-    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.23" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.33" },
 ]
 lint = [
     { name = "codespell" },
     { name = "mypy", specifier = "==1.20.2" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = "==0.15.12" },
     { name = "starlette" },
-    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.23" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = "==0.0.33" },
 ]
 test = [
     { name = "pytest" },
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.7.31"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
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