fix(checkpoint): reject NUL bytes in namespace labels (#9383)

Reject NUL bytes in namespace labels with `InvalidNamespaceError` to
prevent SQLite GLOB truncation from bypassing namespace segment
boundaries. Add shared sync/async validation coverage and a SQLite
regression for public search and direct batch operations against
in-memory and file-backed stores.

## References
- [Slack
thread](https://langchain.slack.com/archives/D0B5PRNJA05/p1792583492031829)

Made by [Open SWE](https://github.com/langchain-ai/open-swe) · [view
thread](https://openswe.langchain.dev/agents/9499abf7-c3c8-5004-ac28-fe55d4955ae6)
· openai:gpt-6.1-sol (medium)

Co-authored-by: John Kennedy <jkennedyvz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: open-swe[bot] <open-swe@users.noreply.github.com>

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/spec/test_delta_channel_history.py

@@ -267,6 +267,61 @@ async def test_history_seed_ancestor_own_writes_are_replayed(
     )
 
 
+# Every uuid4 `build_delta_chain` tags its own writes with sorts between these
+# two, so task_id order is fixed and always disagrees with task_path order.
+TASK_ID_SORTS_FIRST = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+TASK_ID_SORTS_LAST = "ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff"
+
+
+async def test_history_orders_parallel_writes_by_task_path(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Writes from parallel tasks replay in task_path order, not task_id order."""
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver,
+        thread_id=str(uuid4()),
+        channel="ch",
+        snapshots_at_steps=[0],
+        total_steps=3,
+    )
+    step_1, head = configs[1], configs[2]
+    await saver.aput_writes(
+        step_1, [("ch", "second")], TASK_ID_SORTS_FIRST, "~pull, 02"
+    )
+    await saver.aput_writes(step_1, [("ch", "first")], TASK_ID_SORTS_LAST, "~pull, 01")
+
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    values = [w[2] for w in result["ch"]["writes"]]
+    assert values == [1, "first", "second"], (
+        f"Expected task_path order [1, 'first', 'second'], got {values}. "
+        "Ordering by (task_id, idx) alone yields [1, 'second', 'first']."
+    )
+
+
+async def test_history_orders_pathless_writes_first(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Writes stored without a task_path (graph input) replay before task writes."""
+    configs = await build_delta_chain(
+        saver,
+        thread_id=str(uuid4()),
+        channel="ch",
+        snapshots_at_steps=[0],
+        total_steps=3,
+    )
+    step_1, head = configs[1], configs[2]
+    await saver.aput_writes(
+        step_1, [("ch", "from_node")], TASK_ID_SORTS_FIRST, "~pull, a"
+    )
+    await saver.aput_writes(step_1, [("ch", "from_input")], TASK_ID_SORTS_LAST)
+
+    result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=head, channels=["ch"])
+    values = [w[2] for w in result["ch"]["writes"]]
+    assert values == [1, "from_input", "from_node"], (
+        f"Expected pathless writes first, got {values}"
+    )
+
+
 ALL_DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY_TESTS = [
     test_history_returns_writes_oldest_first,
     test_history_seed_is_nearest_snapshot,
@@ -276,6 +331,8 @@ ALL_DELTA_CHANNEL_HISTORY_TESTS = [
     test_history_walk_to_root_no_seed,
     test_history_migration_plain_value_as_seed,
     test_history_seed_ancestor_own_writes_are_replayed,
+    test_history_orders_parallel_writes_by_task_path,
+    test_history_orders_pathless_writes_first,
 ]
 
 

libs/checkpoint-conformance/langgraph/checkpoint/conformance/spec/test_get_tuple.py

@@ -176,6 +176,35 @@ async def test_get_tuple_pending_writes(saver: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
     )
 
 
+async def test_get_tuple_pending_writes_in_writes_sort_key_order(
+    saver: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """pending_writes come back in writes_sort_key order, not put or task_id order."""
+    config = generate_config(str(uuid4()))
+    stored = await saver.aput(config, generate_checkpoint(), generate_metadata(), {})
+    await saver.aput_writes(
+        stored, [("ch", "b")], "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", "~pull, 02"
+    )
+    await saver.aput_writes(
+        stored,
+        [("ch", "a1"), ("ch", "a2")],
+        "ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff",
+        "~pull, 01",
+    )
+    await saver.aput_writes(
+        stored, [("ch", "input")], "88888888-8888-8888-8888-888888888888"
+    )
+
+    tup = await saver.aget_tuple(stored)
+    assert tup is not None
+    values = [w[2] for w in tup.pending_writes or []]
+    assert values == ["input", "a1", "a2", "b"], (
+        f"Expected writes_sort_key order ['input', 'a1', 'a2', 'b'], got {values}. "
+        "Put order gives ['b', 'a1', 'a2', 'input'], task_id order gives "
+        "['b', 'input', 'a1', 'a2']."
+    )
+
+
 async def test_get_tuple_respects_namespace(saver: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
     """checkpoint_ns filtering."""
     tid = str(uuid4())
@@ -223,6 +252,7 @@ ALL_GET_TUPLE_TESTS = [
     test_get_tuple_metadata,
     test_get_tuple_parent_config,
     test_get_tuple_pending_writes,
+    test_get_tuple_pending_writes_in_writes_sort_key_order,
     test_get_tuple_respects_namespace,
     test_get_tuple_nonexistent_checkpoint_id,
 ]

libs/checkpoint-conformance/tests/test_validate_memory.py

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ async def memory_checkpointer():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_validate_memory_base():
-    """InMemorySaver passes all base capability tests."""
+async def test_validate_memory():
+    """InMemorySaver passes the tests of every capability it implements."""
     report = await validate(memory_checkpointer)
     report.print_report()
-    assert report.passed_all_base(), f"Base tests failed: {report.to_dict()}"
+    assert report.passed_all(), f"Capability tests failed: {report.to_dict()}"

libs/checkpoint-conformance/uv.lock

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.4.22"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/ee/6caf7a40c36a1220410afe15a1cc64993a1f864871f698c0f93acb72842a/certifi-2026.4.22.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8d455352a37b71bf76a79caa83a3d6c25afee4a385d632127b6afb3963f1c580", size = 137077, upload-time = "2026-04-22T11:26:11.191Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/30/7cd8fdcdfbc5b869528b079bfb76dcdf6056b1a2097a662e5e8c04f42965/certifi-2026.4.22-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3cb2210c8f88ba2318d29b0388d1023c8492ff72ecdde4ebdaddbb13a31b1c4a", size = 135707, upload-time = "2026-04-22T11:26:09.372Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/__init__.py

@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@ from psycopg_pool import ConnectionPool
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import _internal
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import (
     _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE,
+    PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_STRATEGIES,
     BasePostgresSaver,
     _build_delta_stage1_sql,
     _build_delta_stage2_sql,
     _DeltaStage2Row,
+    _execute,
+    _keep_latest,
+    _refuse_delta_threads,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.shallow import ShallowPostgresSaver
 
@@ -401,6 +406,73 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                 (str(thread_id),),
             )
 
+    def prune(
+        self,
+        thread_ids: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        strategy: str = "keep_latest",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prune checkpoints for the given threads.
+
+        `"delete"` removes every checkpoint, write and blob of the threads, in
+        one transaction.
+
+        `"keep_latest"` keeps the latest checkpoint of each namespace (the one
+        `get_tuple` loads, plus its parent when it predates v4 and has pending
+        sends), with its pending writes and the blobs it references, and
+        deletes the rest. A kept checkpoint whose parent it deletes is left with
+        no parent. A subgraph call's namespace is deleted with the root
+        checkpoint the call started from, except a `checkpointer=True`
+        subgraph's, which keeps its latest checkpoint. Each thread is pruned in
+        its own transaction, on one snapshot of it, so a run appending to the
+        thread meanwhile is safe; forking or replaying from a checkpoint being
+        deleted is not. A thread that fails because another transaction changed
+        it leaves the threads before it pruned, and retrying is safe.
+
+        `"keep_latest"` refuses threads that use a `DeltaChannel`, since it
+        rebuilds the latest value from older checkpoints: if any requested
+        thread does, nothing is pruned. A thread that starts using one before
+        its turn in the batch is refused then, after the threads before it.
+
+        Args:
+            thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
+            strategy: `"keep_latest"` or `"delete"`.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If `thread_ids` is a single string.
+            ValueError: If `strategy` is unknown.
+            NotImplementedError: If `strategy` is `"keep_latest"` and a thread
+                uses a `DeltaChannel`.
+            psycopg.errors.SerializationFailure: If another transaction, such
+                as a second prune, changes a thread's rows while `"keep_latest"`
+                prunes it.
+            psycopg.errors.DeadlockDetected: If a second prune of a thread runs
+                at the same time.
+        """
+        if isinstance(thread_ids, str):
+            raise TypeError("thread_ids must be a sequence of thread IDs, not a str")
+        if strategy not in PRUNE_STRATEGIES:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown prune strategy: {strategy!r}")
+        thread_ids = [str(t) for t in thread_ids]
+        if not thread_ids:
+            return
+        if strategy == "delete":
+            with self._cursor() as cur, cur.connection.transaction():
+                for sql in PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL:
+                    cur.execute(sql, (thread_ids,))
+            return
+        with self._cursor() as cur:
+            _execute(cur, _refuse_delta_threads(thread_ids))
+        for thread_id in thread_ids:
+            with self._cursor() as cur:
+                if self.pipe:
+                    # The transaction has to start with its isolation level, and
+                    # in pipeline mode it would take in what ran since the last
+                    # sync.
+                    self.pipe.sync()
+                with cur.connection.transaction():
+                    _execute(cur, _keep_latest(thread_id))
+
     @contextmanager
     def _cursor(self, *, pipeline: bool = False) -> Iterator[Cursor[DictRow]]:
         """Create a database cursor as a context manager.
@@ -451,7 +523,8 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
         * Stage 1 (paged): dynamic SELECT over `checkpoints` with three
           columns per channel: its version, an `EXISTS` probe for a stored
           blob at that version, and its inline value. Pages newest-first by
-          `checkpoint_id` with a cursor; page size is `_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`.
+          `checkpoint_id`, starting at the target; page size is
+          `_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE`.
           Stops paging when every channel has found its seed or a page comes
           back short.
 
@@ -468,7 +541,7 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
         thread_id = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
         checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
         checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config)
-        if checkpoint_id is None:
+        if not checkpoint_id:
             target = self.get_tuple(config)
             if target is None:
                 return {ch: {"writes": []} for ch in channels}
@@ -476,7 +549,7 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
 
         # Stage 1: paged K-JSONB-lookup scan, walking the parent chain in
         # Python after each page. Stops as soon as every channel has its seed.
-        stage1_sql = _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels, paged=True)
+        stage1_sql = _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels, paged=True, include_cursor=True)
         parent_of: dict[str, str | None] = {}
         ver_by_i_by_cid: list[dict[str, str | None]] = [{} for _ in channels]
         hb_by_i_by_cid: list[dict[str, bool]] = [{} for _ in channels]
@@ -486,7 +559,7 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
         seed_inline_by_ch: dict[str, Any] = {}
         walk_cursor_by_ch: dict[str, str | None] = {}
         seeded: set[str] = set()
-        cursor: str | None = None
+        cursor: str | None = checkpoint_id
 
         with self._cursor() as cur:
             while True:
@@ -495,7 +568,7 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                     # ver_i, blob channel, blob version, inline_i
                     stage1_params.extend([ch, ch, ch, ch])
                 stage1_params.extend(
-                    [thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cursor, cursor, _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE]
+                    [thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cursor, _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE]
                 )
                 cur.execute(stage1_sql, stage1_params)
                 page = cur.fetchall()
@@ -527,6 +600,7 @@ class PostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                 if len(seeded) == len(channels) or len(page) < _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE:
                     break
                 cursor = oldest
+                stage1_sql = _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels, paged=True)
 
         # Stage 2: per-channel UNION ALL — one writes branch per channel
         # with non-empty chain, plus one blob branch per seeded channel.

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/aio.py

@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@ from psycopg_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import _ainternal
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import (
     _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE,
+    PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_STRATEGIES,
     BasePostgresSaver,
+    _aexecute,
     _build_delta_stage1_sql,
     _build_delta_stage2_sql,
     _DeltaStage2Row,
+    _keep_latest,
+    _refuse_delta_threads,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.shallow import AsyncShallowPostgresSaver
 
@@ -360,6 +365,55 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                 (str(thread_id),),
             )
 
+    async def aprune(
+        self,
+        thread_ids: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        strategy: str = "keep_latest",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prune checkpoints for the given threads.
+
+        See `PostgresSaver.prune` for what each strategy keeps.
+
+        Args:
+            thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
+            strategy: `"keep_latest"` or `"delete"`.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If `thread_ids` is a single string.
+            ValueError: If `strategy` is unknown.
+            NotImplementedError: If `strategy` is `"keep_latest"` and a thread
+                uses a `DeltaChannel`.
+            psycopg.errors.SerializationFailure: If another transaction, such
+                as a second prune, changes a thread's rows while `"keep_latest"`
+                prunes it.
+            psycopg.errors.DeadlockDetected: If a second prune of a thread runs
+                at the same time.
+        """
+        if isinstance(thread_ids, str):
+            raise TypeError("thread_ids must be a sequence of thread IDs, not a str")
+        if strategy not in PRUNE_STRATEGIES:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown prune strategy: {strategy!r}")
+        thread_ids = [str(t) for t in thread_ids]
+        if not thread_ids:
+            return
+        if strategy == "delete":
+            async with self._cursor() as cur, cur.connection.transaction():
+                for sql in PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL:
+                    await cur.execute(sql, (thread_ids,))
+            return
+        async with self._cursor() as cur:
+            await _aexecute(cur, _refuse_delta_threads(thread_ids))
+        for thread_id in thread_ids:
+            async with self._cursor() as cur:
+                if self.pipe:
+                    # The transaction has to start with its isolation level, and
+                    # in pipeline mode it would take in what ran since the last
+                    # sync.
+                    await self.pipe.sync()
+                async with cur.connection.transaction():
+                    await _aexecute(cur, _keep_latest(thread_id))
+
     @asynccontextmanager
     async def _cursor(
         self, *, pipeline: bool = False
@@ -417,13 +471,13 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
         thread_id = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
         checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
         checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config)
-        if checkpoint_id is None:
+        if not checkpoint_id:
             target = await self.aget_tuple(config)
             if target is None:
                 return {ch: {"writes": []} for ch in channels}
             checkpoint_id = target.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
 
-        stage1_sql = _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels, paged=True)
+        stage1_sql = _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels, paged=True, include_cursor=True)
         parent_of: dict[str, str | None] = {}
         ver_by_i_by_cid: list[dict[str, str | None]] = [{} for _ in channels]
         hb_by_i_by_cid: list[dict[str, bool]] = [{} for _ in channels]
@@ -433,7 +487,7 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
         seed_inline_by_ch: dict[str, Any] = {}
         walk_cursor_by_ch: dict[str, str | None] = {}
         seeded: set[str] = set()
-        cursor: str | None = None
+        cursor: str | None = checkpoint_id
 
         async with self._cursor() as cur:
             while True:
@@ -442,7 +496,7 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                     # ver_i, blob channel, blob version, inline_i
                     stage1_params.extend([ch, ch, ch, ch])
                 stage1_params.extend(
-                    [thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cursor, cursor, _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE]
+                    [thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cursor, _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE]
                 )
                 await cur.execute(stage1_sql, stage1_params)
                 page = await cur.fetchall()
@@ -472,6 +526,7 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
                 if len(seeded) == len(channels) or len(page) < _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE:
                     break
                 cursor = oldest
+                stage1_sql = _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels, paged=True)
 
         channels_with_chain = [ch for ch in channels if chain_by_ch[ch]]
         channels_with_seed = [ch for ch in channels if seed_ver_by_ch[ch] is not None]
@@ -687,5 +742,50 @@ class AsyncPostgresSaver(BasePostgresSaver):
             self.adelete_thread(thread_id), self.loop
         ).result()
 
+    def prune(
+        self,
+        thread_ids: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        strategy: str = "keep_latest",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prune checkpoints for the given threads.
+
+        See `PostgresSaver.prune` for what each strategy keeps.
+
+        Args:
+            thread_ids: The thread IDs to prune.
+            strategy: `"keep_latest"` or `"delete"`.
+        """
+        try:
+            if asyncio.get_running_loop() is self.loop:
+                raise asyncio.InvalidStateError(
+                    "Synchronous calls to AsyncPostgresSaver are only allowed from a "
+                    "different thread. From the main thread, use the async interface. "
+                    "For example, use `await checkpointer.aprune(...)`."
+                )
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+            self.aprune(thread_ids, strategy=strategy), self.loop
+        ).result()
+
+    def get_delta_channel_history(
+        self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
+        """Sync bridge to `aget_delta_channel_history`, guarded like `get_tuple`."""
+        try:
+            if asyncio.get_running_loop() is self.loop:
+                raise asyncio.InvalidStateError(
+                    "Synchronous calls to AsyncPostgresSaver are only allowed from a "
+                    "different thread. From the main thread, use the async interface. "
+                    "For example, use `await checkpointer.aget_delta_channel_history(...)`."
+                )
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+            self.aget_delta_channel_history(config=config, channels=channels),
+            self.loop,
+        ).result()
+
 
 __all__ = ["AsyncPostgresSaver", "AsyncShallowPostgresSaver", "Conn"]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/base.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import random
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Generator, Mapping, Sequence
 from importlib.metadata import version as get_version
 from typing import Any, TypedDict, cast
 
@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     DeltaChannelHistory,
     PendingWrite,
     get_checkpoint_id,
+    writes_sort_key,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import TASKS
+from psycopg import AsyncCursor, Cursor
+from psycopg.rows import DictRow
 from psycopg.types.json import Jsonb
 
 # Page size for stage-1 paged scan in `get_delta_channel_history`. Internal
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ select
     ) as channel_values,
     (
         select
-        array_agg(array[cw.task_id::text::bytea, cw.channel::bytea, cw.type::bytea, cw.blob] order by cw.task_id, cw.idx)
+        array_agg(array[cw.task_id::text::bytea, cw.channel::bytea, cw.type::bytea, cw.blob, convert_to(cw.task_path, 'UTF8'), cw.idx::text::bytea])
         from checkpoint_writes cw
         where cw.thread_id = checkpoints.thread_id
             and cw.checkpoint_ns = checkpoints.checkpoint_ns
@@ -159,6 +162,218 @@ INSERT_CHECKPOINT_WRITES_SQL = """
 """
 
 
+PRUNE_STRATEGIES = ("keep_latest", "delete")
+
+PRUNE_DELETE_THREADS_SQL = (
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoints WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_blobs WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_writes WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s)",
+)
+
+# The prune statements below never join two sets of a thread's rows: a join is
+# planned from per-thread row estimates, which are worst for the few huge
+# threads worth pruning, and can go quadratic. They look rows up by primary key
+# instead (`LATERAL ... LIMIT 1`, `= ANY`).
+
+# A `DeltaChannel` leaves update counters in checkpoint metadata, or a
+# snapshot: an inline `true` marker with a blob behind it, which a plain `True`
+# value never has. LangGraph.js inlines no values, but marks the threads its
+# DeltaChannel graphs start with `delta_writes_versioned`.
+PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL = """
+SELECT thread_id FROM checkpoints
+WHERE thread_id = ANY(%s) AND (
+    metadata ? 'counters_since_delta_snapshot'
+    OR metadata ? 'delta_writes_versioned'
+)
+UNION
+SELECT c.thread_id
+FROM checkpoints c
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_each(c.checkpoint -> 'channel_values') AS v
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
+    SELECT 1 FROM checkpoint_blobs b
+    WHERE b.thread_id = c.thread_id
+    AND b.checkpoint_ns = c.checkpoint_ns
+    AND b.channel = v.key
+    AND b.version = c.checkpoint -> 'channel_versions' ->> v.key
+    LIMIT 1
+) AS snapshot
+WHERE c.thread_id = ANY(%s) AND v.value = 'true'::jsonb
+"""
+
+# Per namespace: the latest checkpoint, the parent it reads its pending sends
+# from when it predates v4, and the root graph's checkpoint its subgraph call
+# started from, with whether that one is saved.
+PRUNE_HEADS_SQL = f"""
+SELECT
+    h.checkpoint_ns,
+    h.checkpoint_id AS head,
+    CASE WHEN (c.checkpoint ->> 'v')::int < 4 AND EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM checkpoint_writes w
+        WHERE w.thread_id = %s
+        AND w.checkpoint_ns = h.checkpoint_ns
+        AND w.checkpoint_id = c.parent_checkpoint_id
+        AND w.channel = '{TASKS}'
+    ) THEN c.parent_checkpoint_id END AS sends_parent,
+    c.metadata -> 'parents' ->> '' AS root,
+    EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM checkpoints r
+        WHERE r.thread_id = %s AND r.checkpoint_ns = ''
+        AND r.checkpoint_id = c.metadata -> 'parents' ->> ''
+    ) AS root_saved
+FROM (
+    SELECT DISTINCT ON (checkpoint_ns) checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id
+    FROM checkpoints
+    WHERE thread_id = %s
+    ORDER BY checkpoint_ns DESC, checkpoint_id DESC
+) AS h
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
+    SELECT checkpoint, parent_checkpoint_id, metadata FROM checkpoints
+    WHERE thread_id = %s
+    AND checkpoint_ns = h.checkpoint_ns
+    AND checkpoint_id = h.checkpoint_id
+) AS c
+"""
+
+PRUNE_SNAPSHOT_SQL = "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ"
+
+PRUNE_UNKEPT_SQL = """
+SELECT checkpoint_id FROM checkpoints
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND checkpoint_id <> ALL(%s)
+"""
+
+# A run saves a superstep's writes in the background, where they can commit
+# before their checkpoint does, so they go by the checkpoints deleted.
+PRUNE_WRITES_SQL = """
+DELETE FROM checkpoint_writes
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND checkpoint_id = ANY(%s)
+"""
+
+PRUNE_CHECKPOINTS_SQL = """
+WITH deleted AS (
+    DELETE FROM checkpoints
+    WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND checkpoint_id <> ALL(%s)
+    RETURNING checkpoint -> 'channel_versions' AS versions
+)
+SELECT DISTINCT v.key AS channel, v.value AS version
+FROM deleted
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_each_text(deleted.versions) AS v
+"""
+
+PRUNE_PARENTS_SQL = """
+UPDATE checkpoints SET parent_checkpoint_id = NULL
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s
+AND checkpoint_id = ANY(%s) AND parent_checkpoint_id <> ALL(%s)
+"""
+
+PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL = """
+SELECT DISTINCT v.key AS channel, v.value AS version
+FROM checkpoints c
+CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_each_text(c.checkpoint -> 'channel_versions') AS v
+WHERE c.thread_id = %s AND c.checkpoint_ns = %s
+"""
+
+PRUNE_BLOBS_SQL = """
+DELETE FROM checkpoint_blobs
+WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND channel = %s AND version = ANY(%s)
+"""
+
+PRUNE_SUBGRAPH_CALLS_SQL = (
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoints WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_writes WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = ANY(%s)",
+    "DELETE FROM checkpoint_blobs WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = ANY(%s)",
+)
+
+
+def _garbage_blobs(
+    freed: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]], referenced: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]]
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """Blobs a deleted checkpoint used and no kept one does, by channel."""
+    kept = {(r["channel"], r["version"]) for r in referenced}
+    garbage: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    for r in freed:
+        if (r["channel"], r["version"]) not in kept:
+            garbage.setdefault(r["channel"], []).append(r["version"])
+    return garbage
+
+
+_Statements = Generator[tuple[str, Sequence[Any], bool], list[DictRow], None]
+
+
+def _refuse_delta_threads(thread_ids: Sequence[str]) -> _Statements:
+    rows = yield PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, (thread_ids, thread_ids), True
+    if delta := sorted(r["thread_id"] for r in rows):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            f"keep_latest can't prune threads that use a DeltaChannel: {', '.join(delta)}"
+        )
+
+
+def _keep_latest(thread_id: str) -> _Statements:
+    """The statements of one thread's keep_latest transaction, for `_execute`
+    and `_aexecute` to run. Each comes with whether its rows are sent back.
+
+    They all read one snapshot, so what a run saves meanwhile is neither seen
+    nor deleted, whatever its checkpoint ID.
+    """
+    yield PRUNE_SNAPSHOT_SQL, (), False
+    heads = yield PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, (thread_id,) * 4, True
+    # Catches a thread that started using a DeltaChannel after the batch check.
+    yield from _refuse_delta_threads([thread_id])
+    kept = {
+        h["checkpoint_ns"]: [i for i in (h["head"], h["sends_parent"]) if i]
+        for h in heads
+    }
+    # A subgraph call's namespace has its task ID after a ":", unlike a
+    # `checkpointer=True` subgraph's, whose state outlives each call. A call
+    # goes with the root checkpoint it started from, but only once that one is
+    # saved: runs save in the background, so a call can commit first.
+    calls = {
+        h["checkpoint_ns"]
+        for h in heads
+        if ":" in h["checkpoint_ns"]
+        and h["root_saved"]
+        and h["root"] not in kept.get("", ())
+    }
+    if calls:
+        for sql in PRUNE_SUBGRAPH_CALLS_SQL:
+            yield sql, (thread_id, list(calls)), False
+    for ns, ids in kept.items():
+        if ns in calls:
+            continue
+        unkept = yield PRUNE_UNKEPT_SQL, (thread_id, ns, ids), True
+        if unkept:
+            deleted = [r["checkpoint_id"] for r in unkept]
+            yield PRUNE_WRITES_SQL, (thread_id, ns, deleted), False
+        freed = yield PRUNE_CHECKPOINTS_SQL, (thread_id, ns, ids), True
+        yield PRUNE_PARENTS_SQL, (thread_id, ns, ids, ids), False
+        if freed:
+            referenced = yield PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL, (thread_id, ns), True
+            for channel, versions in _garbage_blobs(freed, referenced).items():
+                yield PRUNE_BLOBS_SQL, (thread_id, ns, channel, versions), False
+
+
+# Unprepared, so Postgres plans each statement knowing its arrays: a cached
+# generic plan checks a row against an `= ANY(...)` array one element at a time.
+def _execute(cur: Cursor[DictRow], statements: _Statements) -> None:
+    try:
+        sql, params, fetch = next(statements)
+        while True:
+            cur.execute(sql, params, prepare=False)
+            sql, params, fetch = statements.send(cur.fetchall() if fetch else [])
+    except StopIteration:
+        pass
+
+
+async def _aexecute(cur: AsyncCursor[DictRow], statements: _Statements) -> None:
+    try:
+        sql, params, fetch = next(statements)
+        while True:
+            await cur.execute(sql, params, prepare=False)
+            rows = await cur.fetchall() if fetch else []
+            sql, params, fetch = statements.send(rows)
+    except StopIteration:
+        pass
+
+
 class _DeltaStage2Row(TypedDict, total=False):
     """One row from `_build_delta_stage2_sql` (a UNION ALL of writes and blobs)."""
 
@@ -168,6 +383,7 @@ class _DeltaStage2Row(TypedDict, total=False):
     type: str | None
     blob: bytes | None
     task_id: str | None  # "w" rows only
+    task_path: str | None  # "w" rows only
     idx: int | None  # "w" rows only
     version: str | None  # "b" rows only
 
@@ -176,10 +392,13 @@ class _DeltaStage2Row(TypedDict, total=False):
 # `_build_delta_stage2_sql` document their shapes.
 
 
-def _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool) -> str:
+def _build_delta_stage1_sql(
+    channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool, include_cursor: bool = False
+) -> str:
     """Build stage 1 SQL with K parallel version lookups + seed probes.
 
-    For channels=["messages", "files"] (with `paged=True`) the result is::
+    For channels=["messages", "files"] (with `paged=True, include_cursor=True`)
+    the result is::
 
         SELECT checkpoint_id, parent_checkpoint_id,
                checkpoint -> 'channel_versions' ->> %s AS ver_0,
@@ -195,7 +414,7 @@ def _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool) -> str:
                checkpoint -> 'channel_values' -> %s AS inline_1
         FROM checkpoints
         WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s
-          AND (%s::text IS NULL OR checkpoint_id < %s)
+          AND checkpoint_id <= %s
         ORDER BY checkpoint_id DESC
         LIMIT %s
 
@@ -236,9 +455,16 @@ def _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool) -> str:
     and uses safe identifiers).
 
     Caller must extend params with `[ch_0 x4, ch_1 x4, ..., thread_id, ns,
-    cursor, cursor, page_size]` when `paged=True` — four per channel: the
-    version lookup, the blob's channel, the version the blob must match, and the
-    inline lookup.
+    cursor, page_size]` when `paged=True` — four per channel: the version
+    lookup, the blob's channel, the version the blob must match, and the inline
+    lookup.
+
+    Pages run newest-first from the target down. The first page passes the
+    target as the cursor with `include_cursor=True`, so it opens with the
+    target's own row, whose parent starts the walk; each later page continues
+    below the oldest row read. A checkpoint's ancestors have smaller ids (uuid6
+    is time-ordered, which `get_tuple` also relies on to find the latest
+    checkpoint), so no row newer than the target is part of its chain.
 
     When `paged=False`, the WHERE has no cursor predicate and there's no
     LIMIT/ORDER BY — kept as a non-public helper for tests/diagnostics.
@@ -262,7 +488,7 @@ def _build_delta_stage1_sql(channels: Sequence[str], *, paged: bool) -> str:
     )
     if paged:
         sql += (
-            " AND (%s::text IS NULL OR checkpoint_id < %s)"
+            f" AND checkpoint_id {'<=' if include_cursor else '<'} %s"
             " ORDER BY checkpoint_id DESC LIMIT %s"
         )
     return sql
@@ -297,7 +523,7 @@ def _build_delta_stage2_sql(
         branches.append(
             "SELECT 'w'::text AS _kind, "
             "checkpoint_id, channel, "
-            "type, blob, task_id, idx, NULL::text AS version "
+            "type, blob, task_id, task_path, idx, NULL::text AS version "
             "FROM checkpoint_writes "
             "WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND channel = %s "
             "AND checkpoint_id = ANY(%s)"
@@ -305,7 +531,8 @@ def _build_delta_stage2_sql(
     for _ in channels_with_seed:
         branches.append(
             "SELECT 'b'::text AS _kind, NULL::text AS checkpoint_id, channel, "
-            "type, blob, NULL::text AS task_id, NULL::int AS idx, version "
+            "type, blob, NULL::text AS task_id, NULL::text AS task_path, "
+            "NULL::int AS idx, version "
             "FROM checkpoint_blobs "
             "WHERE thread_id = %s AND checkpoint_ns = %s AND channel = %s "
             "AND version = %s"
@@ -410,8 +637,8 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
               materialized at this point),
           (c) the next ancestor cid isn't in `parent_of` yet (waiting for
               a later page; the cursor stays put), or
-          (d) the target's own row isn't in `parent_of` yet (the walk has
-              not started; no cursor is set, so a later page retries).
+          (d) the target's own row isn't in `parent_of` (the target doesn't
+              exist, so the walk never starts).
 
         Mutates `chain_by_ch`, `seed_ver_by_ch`, `seed_inline_by_ch`,
         `walk_cursor_by_ch`, and `seeded` in place.
@@ -419,8 +646,9 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         for i, ch in enumerate(channels):
             if ch in seeded:
                 continue
-            # Pages start at the thread head, so the target may not have
-            # loaded yet; a `None` cursor would read as "target is a root".
+            # The first page opens with the target's row, so it's missing only
+            # when the target doesn't exist; a `None` cursor would read as
+            # "target is a root".
             if ch not in walk_cursor_by_ch:
                 if target_id not in parent_of:
                     continue
@@ -473,10 +701,11 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         stored value, or when the seed blob is sentinel "empty" — in both cases
         the consumer treats absence as "start empty".
         """
-        # writes_by_ch_by_cid[channel][cid] = list of (type, blob, task_id, idx)
-        writes_by_ch_by_cid: dict[str, dict[str, list[tuple[str, bytes, str, int]]]] = {
-            ch: {} for ch in channels
-        }
+        # writes_by_ch_by_cid[channel][cid] = list of
+        # (type, blob, task_id, idx, task_path)
+        writes_by_ch_by_cid: dict[
+            str, dict[str, list[tuple[str, bytes, str, int, str]]]
+        ] = {ch: {} for ch in channels}
         # seed_blob_by_ver[(channel, version)] = (type, blob)
         seed_blob_by_ver: dict[tuple[str, str], tuple[str, bytes]] = {}
 
@@ -487,8 +716,14 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                 cid = cast(str, r["checkpoint_id"])
                 writes_by_ch_by_cid.setdefault(ch, {}).setdefault(cid, []).append(
                     cast(
-                        "tuple[str, bytes, str, int]",
-                        (r["type"], r["blob"], r["task_id"], r["idx"]),
+                        "tuple[str, bytes, str, int, str]",
+                        (
+                            r["type"],
+                            r["blob"],
+                            r["task_id"],
+                            r["idx"],
+                            r["task_path"],
+                        ),
                     )
                 )
             else:  # kind == "b"
@@ -497,10 +732,10 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                     "tuple[str, bytes]", (r["type"], r["blob"])
                 )
 
-        # Sort writes per (channel, cid) newest-first by (task_id, idx)
+        # Sort writes per (channel, cid) newest-first
         for cid_map in writes_by_ch_by_cid.values():
             for ws in cid_map.values():
-                ws.sort(key=lambda w: (w[2], w[3]), reverse=True)
+                ws.sort(key=lambda w: writes_sort_key(w[4], w[2], w[3]), reverse=True)
 
         result: dict[str, DeltaChannelHistory] = {}
         for ch in channels:
@@ -510,7 +745,9 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             collected: list[PendingWrite] = []
             cid_writes = writes_by_ch_by_cid.get(ch, {})
             for cid in chain_cids:
-                for type_tag, write_blob, task_id, _idx in cid_writes.get(cid, []):
+                for type_tag, write_blob, task_id, _idx, _path in cid_writes.get(
+                    cid, []
+                ):
                     val = self.serde.loads_typed((type_tag, write_blob))
                     collected.append((task_id, ch, val))
             collected.reverse()
@@ -553,20 +790,15 @@ class BasePostgresSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         ]
 
     def _load_writes(
-        self, writes: list[tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes]]
+        self, writes: list[tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes]] | None
     ) -> list[tuple[str, str, Any]]:
-        return (
-            [
-                (
-                    tid.decode(),
-                    channel.decode(),
-                    self.serde.loads_typed((t.decode(), v)),
-                )
-                for tid, channel, t, v in writes
-            ]
-            if writes
-            else []
-        )
+        return [
+            (tid.decode(), channel.decode(), self.serde.loads_typed((t.decode(), v)))
+            for tid, channel, t, v, _, _ in sorted(
+                writes or [],
+                key=lambda w: writes_sort_key(w[4].decode(), w[0].decode(), int(w[5])),
+            )
+        ]
 
     def _dump_writes(
         self,

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/checkpoint/postgres/shallow.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ select
     ) as channel_values,
     (
         select
-        array_agg(array[cw.task_id::text::bytea, cw.channel::bytea, cw.type::bytea, cw.blob] order by cw.task_id, cw.idx)
+        array_agg(array[cw.task_id::text::bytea, cw.channel::bytea, cw.type::bytea, cw.blob, convert_to(cw.task_path, 'UTF8'), cw.idx::text::bytea])
         from checkpoint_writes cw
         where cw.thread_id = checkpoints.thread_id
             and cw.checkpoint_ns = checkpoints.checkpoint_ns

libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/base.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from langgraph.store.base import (
     ensure_embeddings,
     get_text_at_path,
     tokenize_path,
+    validate_op_namespace,
 )
 from psycopg import Capabilities, Connection, Cursor, Pipeline
 from psycopg.rows import DictRow, dict_row
@@ -1386,6 +1387,7 @@ def _group_ops(ops: Iterable[Op]) -> tuple[dict[type, list[tuple[int, Op]]], int
     grouped_ops: dict[type, list[tuple[int, Op]]] = defaultdict(list)
     tot = 0
     for idx, op in enumerate(ops):
+        validate_op_namespace(op)
         grouped_ops[type(op)].append((idx, op))
         tot += 1
     return grouped_ops, tot

libs/checkpoint-postgres/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.2"
+version = "3.2.0"
 description = "Library with a Postgres implementation of LangGraph checkpoint saver."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
 license-files = ['LICENSE']
 dependencies = [
-  "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0,<5.0.0",
+  "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.3.0,<5.0.0",
   "orjson>=3.11.5",
   "psycopg>=3.2.0",
   "psycopg-pool>=3.2.0",

libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_async_store.py

@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ import pytest
 from langchain_core.embeddings import Embeddings
 from langgraph.store.base import (
     GetOp,
+    InvalidNamespaceError,
     Item,
     ListNamespacesOp,
+    MatchCondition,
     PutOp,
     SearchOp,
 )
@@ -871,3 +873,65 @@ async def test_omit_expired_search_pagination(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None
     page2 = await store.asearch(ns, limit=2, offset=2)
     assert [i.key for i in page1] == ["a", "b"]
     assert [i.key for i in page2] == ["c"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", [("foo.bar",), ("foo", ""), ("foo", 1)])
+async def test_abatch_rejects_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    store: AsyncPostgresStore, namespace: tuple
+) -> None:
+    await store.aput(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    for op in (
+        GetOp(namespace, "key"),
+        GetOp(namespace, "key", refresh_ttl=True),
+        PutOp(namespace, "key", {"changed": True}),
+        PutOp(namespace, "key", None),
+        SearchOp(namespace),
+        ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", namespace),)),
+        ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("suffix", namespace),)),
+    ):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+            await store.abatch([op])
+
+    item = await store.aget(("foo", "bar"), "key")
+    assert item is not None and item.value == {"original": True}
+
+
+async def test_invalid_namespace_only_fails_its_own_call(
+    store: AsyncPostgresStore,
+) -> None:
+    """Concurrent calls share one `abatch`, which fails every op if it raises.
+
+    Labels are checked before an op is queued, so one caller's bad label cannot
+    fail another caller's request.
+    """
+    await store.aput(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    valid, invalid = await asyncio.gather(
+        store.aget(("foo", "bar"), "key"),
+        store.aget(("foo.bar",), "key"),
+        return_exceptions=True,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(valid, Item) and valid.value == {"original": True}
+    assert isinstance(invalid, InvalidNamespaceError)
+
+
+async def test_sync_methods_reject_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    store: AsyncPostgresStore,
+) -> None:
+    """The sync wrappers run off the event loop thread and must validate too."""
+    await store.aput(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    for call in (
+        lambda: store.get(("foo.bar",), "key"),
+        lambda: store.search(("foo.bar",)),
+        lambda: store.delete(("foo.bar",), "key"),
+        lambda: store.list_namespaces(prefix=("foo.bar",)),
+        lambda: store.batch([GetOp(("foo.bar",), "key")]),
+    ):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+            await asyncio.to_thread(call)
+
+    item = await store.aget(("foo", "bar"), "key")
+    assert item is not None and item.value == {"original": True}

libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_delta_pagination.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from typing import Any
 from uuid import uuid4
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
 
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver
-from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE, BasePostgresSaver
 from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_URI
 
 CHANNEL = "items"
@@ -23,8 +24,8 @@ SEED_STEP = 1
 SEED_VALUE = [10, 20]
 TARGET_STEP = 4
 
-# The real page size is the control; the rest leave the target off the first
-# page (three checkpoints are newer than it).
+# The real page size is the control; the rest split the walk from the target
+# to its seed across pages.
 PAGE_SIZES = [_DELTA_PAGE_SIZE, 3, 2, 1]
 
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ def _assert_history(entry: DeltaChannelHistory, page_size: int) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
-async def test_async_target_older_than_the_first_page(
+async def test_async_walk_continues_across_pages(
     page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
 ) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ async def test_async_target_older_than_the_first_page(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("page_size", PAGE_SIZES)
-def test_sync_target_older_than_the_first_page(
+def test_sync_walk_continues_across_pages(
     page_size: int, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
 ) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr("langgraph.checkpoint.postgres._DELTA_PAGE_SIZE", page_size)
@@ -119,6 +120,84 @@ def test_sync_target_older_than_the_first_page(
         _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], page_size)
 
 
+def _record_rows_read(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> list[str]:
+    read: list[str] = []
+    ingest = BasePostgresSaver._ingest_stage1_page
+
+    def record(rows: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]], *args: Any) -> str | None:
+        read.extend(row["checkpoint_id"] for row in rows)
+        return ingest(rows, *args)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(BasePostgresSaver, "_ingest_stage1_page", staticmethod(record))
+    return read
+
+
+def _ids_from_target_down(configs: list[dict]) -> list[str]:
+    return [c["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] for c in configs[TARGET_STEP::-1]]
+
+
+async def test_async_walk_reads_nothing_newer_than_the_target(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    read = _record_rows_read(monkeypatch)
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        await saver.setup()
+        configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
+        result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+    _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE)
+    assert read == _ids_from_target_down(configs)
+
+
+def test_sync_walk_reads_nothing_newer_than_the_target(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    read = _record_rows_read(monkeypatch)
+    with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+        configs = _build_chain(saver)
+        result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[TARGET_STEP], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+    _assert_history(result[CHANNEL], _DELTA_PAGE_SIZE)
+    assert read == _ids_from_target_down(configs)
+
+
+def _empty_checkpoint_id(config: dict) -> dict:
+    return {"configurable": {**config["configurable"], "checkpoint_id": ""}}
+
+
+async def test_async_empty_checkpoint_id_reads_from_the_latest_checkpoint() -> None:
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        await saver.setup()
+        configs = await _abuild_chain(saver)
+        latest = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=configs[-1], channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+
+        result = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=_empty_checkpoint_id(configs[-1]), channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+
+    assert latest[CHANNEL]["writes"]
+    assert result == latest
+
+
+def test_sync_empty_checkpoint_id_reads_from_the_latest_checkpoint() -> None:
+    with PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+        configs = _build_chain(saver)
+        latest = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=configs[-1], channels=[CHANNEL])
+
+        result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            config=_empty_checkpoint_id(configs[-1]), channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+
+    assert latest[CHANNEL]["writes"]
+    assert result == latest
+
+
 async def test_root_target_has_no_history_and_still_terminates(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:

libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_prune.py

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import empty_checkpoint
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance import validate
+from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.initializer import checkpointer_test
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import TASKS, _DeltaSnapshot
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.aio import AsyncPostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import (
+    PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_HEADS_SQL,
+    PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL,
+)
+from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI, DEFAULT_URI
+from tests.test_async import _saver as _async_saver
+from tests.test_sync import _saver as _sync_saver
+
+SAVERS = ["base", "pool", "pipe", "aio_base", "aio_pool", "aio_pipe"]
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def _saver(name: str):
+    if name.startswith("aio_"):
+        async with _async_saver(name.removeprefix("aio_")) as saver:
+            yield saver
+    else:
+        with _sync_saver(name) as saver:
+            yield saver
+
+
+async def _call(saver: Any, method: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(saver, AsyncPostgresSaver):
+        return await getattr(saver, f"a{method}")(*args, **kwargs)
+    return getattr(saver, method)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+async def _rows(saver: Any, thread_id: str) -> dict[str, list[tuple]]:
+    queries = {
+        "checkpoints": "SELECT checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id FROM checkpoints"
+        " WHERE thread_id = %s ORDER BY 1, 2",
+        "writes": "SELECT checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx"
+        " FROM checkpoint_writes WHERE thread_id = %s ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4",
+        "blobs": "SELECT checkpoint_ns, channel, version FROM checkpoint_blobs"
+        " WHERE thread_id = %s ORDER BY 1, 2, 3",
+    }
+    rows = {}
+    for table, sql in queries.items():
+        if isinstance(saver, AsyncPostgresSaver):
+            async with saver._cursor() as cur:
+                await cur.execute(sql, (thread_id,))
+                rows[table] = [tuple(r.values()) for r in await cur.fetchall()]
+        else:
+            with saver._cursor() as cur:
+                cur.execute(sql, (thread_id,))
+                rows[table] = [tuple(r.values()) for r in cur.fetchall()]
+    return rows
+
+
+async def _put(
+    saver: Any,
+    thread_id: str,
+    parent: dict | None,
+    step: int,
+    values: dict[str, Any],
+    versions: dict[str, str],
+    *,
+    ns: str = "",
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    v: int = 4,
+    checkpoint_id: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id, "checkpoint_ns": ns}}
+    if parent is not None:
+        config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"] = parent["configurable"][
+            "checkpoint_id"
+        ]
+    checkpoint = empty_checkpoint()
+    checkpoint.update(
+        v=v,
+        id=checkpoint_id or str(uuid6(clock_seq=step)),
+        channel_values=values,
+        channel_versions=versions,
+    )
+    new_versions = {k: versions[k] for k in values}
+    return await _call(
+        saver,
+        "put",
+        config,
+        checkpoint,
+        {"source": "loop", "step": step, "parents": {}, **(metadata or {})},
+        new_versions,
+    )
+
+
+async def _three_checkpoints(
+    saver: Any,
+    thread_id: str,
+    ns: str = "",
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    parent = None
+    steps = [
+        ({"a": [1], "s": ["shared"]}, {"a": "1", "s": "1"}),
+        ({"a": [1, 2]}, {"a": "2", "s": "1"}),
+        ({"a": [1, 2, 3]}, {"a": "3", "s": "1"}),
+    ]
+    for step, (values, versions) in enumerate(steps):
+        parent = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, parent, step, values, versions, ns=ns, metadata=metadata
+        )
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", parent, [("a", step)], str(uuid4()))
+    return parent
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def _second_saver(saver: AsyncPostgresSaver):
+    assert isinstance(saver.conn, AsyncConnection)
+    uri = DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + saver.conn.info.dbname
+    async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(uri) as other:
+        yield other
+
+
+def _run_once_after(
+    saver: AsyncPostgresSaver,
+    sql: str,
+    action: Callable[[], Awaitable[Any]],
+    *,
+    nth: int = 1,
+) -> None:
+    seen = 0
+    cursor = saver._cursor
+
+    class Hooked:
+        def __init__(self, cur: Any) -> None:
+            self.cur = cur
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            return getattr(self.cur, name)
+
+        async def execute(self, query: Any, params: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            nonlocal seen
+            await self.cur.execute(query, params, **kwargs)
+            if query is sql:
+                seen += 1
+                if seen == nth:
+                    await action()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def hooked(**kwargs: Any):
+        async with cursor(**kwargs) as cur:
+            yield Hooked(cur)
+
+    saver._cursor = hooked
+
+
+async def _delta_thread(saver: Any, thread_id: str, evidence: str) -> None:
+    if evidence == "counters":
+        first = await _put(saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"m": [1]}, {"m": "1"})
+        await _put(
+            saver,
+            thread_id,
+            first,
+            1,
+            {},
+            {"m": "2"},
+            metadata={"counters_since_delta_snapshot": {"m": [1, 1]}},
+        )
+    elif evidence == "snapshot":
+        first = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"m": _DeltaSnapshot([1])}, {"m": "1"}
+        )
+        await _put(saver, thread_id, first, 1, {}, {"m": "2"})
+    else:
+        marker = {"delta_writes_versioned": True}
+        first = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"m": [1]}, {"m": "1"}, metadata=marker
+        )
+        await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, first, 1, {"m": [1, 2]}, {"m": "2"}, metadata=marker
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_each_namespace_head_with_its_writes_and_blobs(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id, other_id = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+        heads = {
+            ns: await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id, ns) for ns in ("", "sub:1")
+        }
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, other_id)
+        before = {ns: await _call(saver, "get_tuple", h) for ns, h in heads.items()}
+        other_before = await _rows(saver, other_id)
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        rows = await _rows(saver, thread_id)
+        assert rows["checkpoints"] == [
+            (ns, heads[ns]["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]) for ns in ("", "sub:1")
+        ]
+        assert [(ns, cid) for ns, cid, *_ in rows["writes"]] == rows["checkpoints"]
+        assert rows["blobs"] == [
+            (ns, ch, ver)
+            for ns in ("", "sub:1")
+            for ch, ver in (("a", "3"), ("s", "1"))
+        ]
+        for ns, head in heads.items():
+            assert await _call(saver, "get_tuple", head) == before[ns]._replace(
+                parent_config=None
+            )
+        assert await _rows(saver, other_id) == other_before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("evidence", ["counters", "snapshot", "versioned"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_batch_with_a_delta_channel_thread(
+    name: str, evidence: str
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        ordinary_id, delta_id = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, ordinary_id)
+        await _delta_thread(saver, delta_id, evidence)
+        before = [await _rows(saver, t) for t in (ordinary_id, delta_id)]
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=delta_id):
+            await _call(saver, "prune", [ordinary_id, delta_id])
+
+        assert [await _rows(saver, t) for t in (ordinary_id, delta_id)] == before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_prunes_a_thread_storing_a_plain_true(name: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        first = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, None, 0, {"flag": True, "a": [1]}, {"flag": "1", "a": "1"}
+        )
+        head = await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, first, 1, {"flag": True}, {"flag": "2", "a": "1"}
+        )
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"])
+        ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_the_parent_holding_a_pre_v4_heads_sends(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        first = await _put(saver, thread_id, None, 0, {}, {}, v=1)
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", first, [(TASKS, "send-1")], str(uuid4()))
+        second = await _put(saver, thread_id, first, 1, {}, {}, v=1)
+        head = await _put(saver, thread_id, second, 2, {}, {}, v=1)
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", second, [(TASKS, "send-2")], str(uuid4()))
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", second["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+        ]
+        loaded = await _call(saver, "get_tuple", head)
+        assert loaded.checkpoint["channel_values"][TASKS] == ["send-2"]
+        assert loaded.parent_config == second
+        assert (await _call(saver, "get_tuple", second)).parent_config is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_delete_removes_every_row_of_the_threads(name: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        ordinary_id, delta_id, other_id = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, ordinary_id)
+        await _delta_thread(saver, delta_id, "counters")
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, other_id)
+        other_before = await _rows(saver, other_id)
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [ordinary_id, delta_id], strategy="delete")
+
+        empty = {"checkpoints": [], "writes": [], "blobs": []}
+        assert await _rows(saver, ordinary_id) == empty
+        assert await _rows(saver, delta_id) == empty
+        assert await _rows(saver, other_id) == other_before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_unknown_strategy_changes_nothing(name: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        before = await _rows(saver, thread_id)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="keep_all"):
+            await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id], strategy="keep_all")
+
+        assert await _rows(saver, thread_id) == before
+
+
+async def test_async_saver_prune_runs_from_another_thread_only() -> None:
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.InvalidStateError):
+            saver.prune([thread_id])
+        await asyncio.to_thread(saver.prune, [thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"])
+        ]
+
+
+async def test_prune_conformance() -> None:
+    @checkpointer_test(name="AsyncPostgresSaver")
+    async def postgres_saver():
+        async with AsyncPostgresSaver.from_conn_string(DEFAULT_URI) as saver:
+            await saver.setup()
+            yield saver
+
+    report = await validate(postgres_saver, capabilities={"prune"})
+
+    prune = report.results["prune"]
+    if not prune.passed:
+        details = "\n".join(prune.failures)
+        pytest.fail(f"Capability prune failed (passed={prune.passed}):\n{details}")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("strategy", ["keep_latest", "delete"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["base", "aio_base"])
+async def test_prune_rejects_a_single_thread_id_string(
+    name: str, strategy: str
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        for thread_id in ("ab", "a", "b"):
+            await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        before = [await _rows(saver, t) for t in ("ab", "a", "b")]
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="not a str"):
+            await _call(saver, "prune", "ab", strategy=strategy)
+
+        assert [await _rows(saver, t) for t in ("ab", "a", "b")] == before
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "after", [PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, PRUNE_REFERENCED_BLOBS_SQL], ids=["heads", "blobs"]
+)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_checkpoint_saved_while_it_runs(after: str) -> None:
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        saved: list[dict] = []
+
+        async def save_a_child() -> None:
+            saved.append(
+                await _put(
+                    other, thread_id, head, 3, {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]}, {"a": "4", "s": "1"}
+                )
+            )
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, after, save_a_child)
+        await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        loaded = await saver.aget_tuple(saved[0])
+        assert loaded is not None, "the checkpoint saved during the prune was deleted"
+        assert loaded.checkpoint["channel_values"] == {
+            "a": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+            "s": ["shared"],
+        }
+        assert loaded.parent_config == head
+
+
+async def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_thread_that_turns_delta_after_the_batch_check() -> (
+    None
+):
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+
+        async def save_a_delta_checkpoint() -> None:
+            await _put(
+                other,
+                thread_id,
+                head,
+                3,
+                {},
+                {"a": "4", "s": "1"},
+                metadata={"counters_since_delta_snapshot": {"a": [1, 1]}},
+            )
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, save_a_delta_checkpoint)
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=thread_id):
+            await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        assert len((await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"]) == 4
+
+
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_the_history_of_a_delta_checkpoint_saved_after_the_thread_check() -> (
+    None
+):
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        saved: list[dict] = []
+
+        async def save_a_delta_checkpoint() -> None:
+            saved.append(
+                await _put(
+                    other,
+                    thread_id,
+                    head,
+                    3,
+                    {},
+                    {"a": "4", "s": "1"},
+                    metadata={"counters_since_delta_snapshot": {"a": [1, 1]}},
+                )
+            )
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, save_a_delta_checkpoint, nth=2)
+        await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        assert (await _rows(saver, thread_id))["checkpoints"] == [
+            ("", head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+            ("", saved[0]["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
+        ]
+        history = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=saved[0], channels=["a"]
+        )
+        assert history["a"]["seed"] == [1, 2, 3]
+        assert [value for _, _, value in history["a"]["writes"]] == [2]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_deletes_a_subgraph_call_with_the_checkpoint_it_started_from(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        older = await _put(saver, thread_id, None, 0, {}, {})
+        head = await _put(saver, thread_id, older, 1, {}, {})
+        unsaved = str(uuid6(clock_seq=2))
+        started_from = {
+            "finished:1": older["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"],
+            "interrupted:2": head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"],
+            "running:3": unsaved,
+            "checkpointer_true": older["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"],
+        }
+        for ns, root in started_from.items():
+            await _three_checkpoints(
+                saver, thread_id, ns, metadata={"parents": {"": root}}
+            )
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+
+        rows = await _rows(saver, thread_id)
+        assert {ns for ns, *_ in rows["checkpoints"]} == {
+            "",
+            "interrupted:2",
+            "running:3",
+            "checkpointer_true",
+        }
+        assert {ns for ns, *_ in rows["writes"]} == {
+            "interrupted:2",
+            "running:3",
+            "checkpointer_true",
+        }
+        assert {ns for ns, *_ in rows["blobs"]} == {
+            "interrupted:2",
+            "running:3",
+            "checkpointer_true",
+        }
+
+
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_checkpoint_saved_meanwhile_whatever_its_id() -> None:
+    async with _saver("aio_base") as saver, _second_saver(saver) as other:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        lower_id = "0" + head["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"][1:]
+        saved: list[dict] = []
+
+        async def save_a_child_with_a_lower_id() -> None:
+            child = await _put(
+                other,
+                thread_id,
+                head,
+                3,
+                {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]},
+                {"a": "4", "s": "1"},
+                checkpoint_id=lower_id,
+            )
+            await _call(other, "put_writes", child, [("a", 4)], str(uuid4()))
+            saved.append(child)
+
+        _run_once_after(saver, PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, save_a_child_with_a_lower_id)
+        await saver.aprune([thread_id])
+
+        loaded = await saver.aget_tuple(saved[0])
+        assert loaded is not None, "the checkpoint saved during the prune was deleted"
+        assert loaded.checkpoint["channel_values"] == {
+            "a": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+            "s": ["shared"],
+        }
+        assert [value for _, _, value in loaded.pending_writes or []] == [4]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", SAVERS)
+async def test_keep_latest_keeps_writes_saved_before_their_checkpoint(
+    name: str,
+) -> None:
+    async with _saver(name) as saver:
+        thread_id = str(uuid4())
+        head = await _three_checkpoints(saver, thread_id)
+        next_id = str(uuid6(clock_seq=3))
+        next_config = {
+            "configurable": {
+                "thread_id": thread_id,
+                "checkpoint_ns": "",
+                "checkpoint_id": next_id,
+            }
+        }
+        await _call(saver, "put_writes", next_config, [("a", 4)], str(uuid4()))
+
+        await _call(saver, "prune", [thread_id])
+        await _put(
+            saver, thread_id, head, 3, {}, {"a": "3", "s": "1"}, checkpoint_id=next_id
+        )
+
+        loaded = await _call(saver, "get_tuple", next_config)
+        assert [value for _, _, value in loaded.pending_writes] == [4]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_store.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import pytest
 from langchain_core.embeddings import Embeddings
 from langgraph.store.base import (
     GetOp,
+    InvalidNamespaceError,
     Item,
     ListNamespacesOp,
     MatchCondition,
@@ -1164,3 +1165,51 @@ def test_namespace_labels_with_trailing_newline(store) -> None:
     assert set(store.list_namespaces(prefix=["users", "alice"], limit=100)) == {
         ("users", "alice"),
     }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", [("foo.bar",), ("foo", ""), ("foo", 1)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "kind", ["get", "put", "delete", "search", "list_prefix", "list_suffix"]
+)
+def test_batch_rejects_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    store, namespace: tuple, kind: str
+) -> None:
+    """Ops passed straight to `batch` must not reach another namespace.
+
+    Namespaces are stored dot-joined, so `("foo.bar",)` flattens to the same
+    text as `("foo", "bar")`. `BaseStore` methods validate labels themselves,
+    but `batch` takes ops as given.
+    """
+    op = {
+        "get": GetOp(namespace, "key"),
+        "put": PutOp(namespace, "key", {"changed": True}),
+        "delete": PutOp(namespace, "key", None),
+        "search": SearchOp(namespace),
+        "list_prefix": ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", namespace),)),
+        "list_suffix": ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("suffix", namespace),)),
+    }[kind]
+    store.put(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+        store.batch([PutOp(("valid",), "key", {}), op])
+
+    item = store.get(("foo", "bar"), "key")
+    assert item is not None and item.value == {"original": True}
+    # The whole batch is rejected before any SQL runs.
+    assert store.get(("valid",), "key") is None
+
+
+def test_batch_allows_empty_search_prefix_and_listing_wildcards(
+    store,
+) -> None:
+    store.put(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    found, listed = store.batch(
+        [
+            SearchOp(()),
+            ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", ("foo", "*")),)),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    assert [item.namespace for item in found] == [("foo", "bar")]
+    assert listed == [("foo", "bar")]

libs/checkpoint-postgres/uv.lock

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.2"
+version = "3.2.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/__init__.py

@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite._delta import (
     build_delta_stage2_sql,
     step_walk_with_row,
 )
-from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.utils import search_where
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.utils import (
+    load_pending_writes,
+    pending_writes_sql,
+    search_where,
+)
 
 _AIO_ERROR_MSG = (
     "The SqliteSaver does not support async methods. "
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
 
     conn: sqlite3.Connection
     is_setup: bool
+    _has_task_path: bool = True
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -154,6 +159,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                 checkpoint_ns TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                 checkpoint_id TEXT NOT NULL,
                 task_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                task_path TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                 idx INTEGER NOT NULL,
                 channel TEXT NOT NULL,
                 type TEXT,
@@ -162,6 +168,19 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             );
             """
         )
+        # sqlite has no ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS; this migrates databases
+        # created before `task_path` existed and is a no-op on the rest.
+        try:
+            self.conn.execute(
+                "ALTER TABLE writes ADD COLUMN task_path TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"
+            )
+        except sqlite3.OperationalError as e:
+            # A read-only database from before the column can still be read;
+            # its rows would all read back as '' anyway.
+            if "readonly database" in str(e):
+                self._has_task_path = False
+            elif "duplicate column name" not in str(e):
+                raise
 
         self.is_setup = True
 
@@ -260,7 +279,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                     }
                 # find any pending writes
                 cur.execute(
-                    "SELECT task_id, channel, type, value FROM writes WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ? ORDER BY task_id, idx",
+                    pending_writes_sql(self._has_task_path),
                     (
                         str(config["configurable"]["thread_id"]),
                         checkpoint_ns,
@@ -286,10 +305,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                         if parent_checkpoint_id
                         else None
                     ),
-                    [
-                        (task_id, channel, self.serde.loads_typed((type, value)))
-                        for task_id, channel, type, value in cur
-                    ],
+                    load_pending_writes(cur, self.serde),
                 )
 
     def list(
@@ -351,7 +367,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                 metadata,
             ) in cur:
                 wcur.execute(
-                    "SELECT task_id, channel, type, value FROM writes WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ? ORDER BY task_id, idx",
+                    pending_writes_sql(self._has_task_path),
                     (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id),
                 )
                 yield CheckpointTuple(
@@ -378,10 +394,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                         if parent_checkpoint_id
                         else None
                     ),
-                    [
-                        (task_id, channel, self.serde.loads_typed((type, value)))
-                        for task_id, channel, type, value in wcur
-                    ],
+                    load_pending_writes(wcur, self.serde),
                 )
 
     def put(
@@ -460,9 +473,9 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             task_path: Path of the task creating the writes.
         """
         query = (
-            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, task_path, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
             if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes)
-            else "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
+            else "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, task_path, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
         )
         with self.cursor() as cur:
             cur.executemany(
@@ -473,6 +486,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                         str(config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]),
                         str(config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
                         task_id,
+                        task_path,
                         WRITES_IDX_MAP.get(channel, idx),
                         channel,
                         *self.serde.dumps_typed(value),
@@ -525,7 +539,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         thread_id = str(config["configurable"]["thread_id"])
         checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
         checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config)
-        if checkpoint_id is None:
+        if not checkpoint_id:
             target = self.get_tuple(config)
             if target is None:
                 return {ch: {"writes": []} for ch in channels}
@@ -559,6 +573,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
 
             channels_with_chain = [ch for ch in channels if chain_by_ch[ch]]
             stage2_sql = build_delta_stage2_sql(
+                has_task_path=self._has_task_path,
                 chain_lens=[len(chain_by_ch[ch]) for ch in channels_with_chain],
             )
             if stage2_sql:
@@ -569,7 +584,7 @@ class SqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                     )
                 cur.execute(stage2_sql, stage2_params)
                 stage2_rows = cast(
-                    "list[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes]]", cur.fetchall()
+                    "list[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes, str]]", cur.fetchall()
                 )
             else:
                 stage2_rows = []

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/_delta.py

@@ -24,7 +24,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from typing import Any
 
-from langgraph.checkpoint.base import DeltaChannelHistory, PendingWrite
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
+    PendingWrite,
+    writes_sort_key,
+)
 
 # Stage 1 streams target, then its ancestors nearest-first, by following
 # `parent_checkpoint_id` rather than id order: ids are only monotonic within
@@ -56,7 +60,9 @@ DELTA_STAGE1_SQL = (
 )
 
 
-def build_delta_stage2_sql(*, chain_lens: Sequence[int]) -> str:
+def build_delta_stage2_sql(
+    *, chain_lens: Sequence[int], has_task_path: bool = True
+) -> str:
     """Stage-2 per-channel UNION ALL fetching writes from `writes`.
 
     One branch per channel with a non-empty chain. Each branch inlines its
@@ -70,11 +76,12 @@ def build_delta_stage2_sql(*, chain_lens: Sequence[int]) -> str:
     of a single `channel = ANY(channels)` filter when channels have
     different chain depths — same rationale as postgres.
     """
+    task_path = "task_path" if has_task_path else "''"
     branches: list[str] = []
     for n in chain_lens:
         cid_placeholders = ",".join("?" * n)
         branches.append(
-            "SELECT checkpoint_id, channel, task_id, idx, type, value "
+            f"SELECT checkpoint_id, channel, task_id, idx, type, value, {task_path} "
             "FROM writes "
             "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND channel = ? "
             f"AND checkpoint_id IN ({cid_placeholders})"
@@ -141,29 +148,31 @@ def build_delta_channels_writes_history(
     chain_by_ch: Mapping[str, list[str]],
     seed_val_by_ch: Mapping[str, Any],
     seeded: set[str],
-    stage2_rows: Sequence[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes]],
+    stage2_rows: Sequence[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes, str]],
     serde: Any,
 ) -> dict[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
     """Demux stage-2 rows per channel; produce per-channel histories.
 
-    Stage-2 rows are `(checkpoint_id, channel, task_id, idx, type, value)`.
-    Final write order is oldest→newest globally and `(task_id, idx)` within
-    a checkpoint, matching the contract on `DeltaChannelHistory.writes`.
+    Stage-2 rows are
+    `(checkpoint_id, channel, task_id, idx, type, value, task_path)`.
+    Final write order is oldest→newest globally and `writes_sort_key`
+    within a checkpoint, matching the contract on
+    `DeltaChannelHistory.writes`.
 
     `seed` is omitted when the walk reached a true root with no snapshot
     found (channel never entered `seeded`); consumers treat absence as
     "start empty".
     """
-    writes_by_ch_by_cid: dict[str, dict[str, list[tuple[str, bytes, str, int]]]] = {
-        ch: {} for ch in channels
-    }
-    for cid, ch, task_id, idx, type_tag, value_blob in stage2_rows:
+    writes_by_ch_by_cid: dict[
+        str, dict[str, list[tuple[str, bytes, str, int, str]]]
+    ] = {ch: {} for ch in channels}
+    for cid, ch, task_id, idx, type_tag, value_blob, task_path in stage2_rows:
         writes_by_ch_by_cid.setdefault(ch, {}).setdefault(cid, []).append(
-            (type_tag, value_blob, task_id, idx)
+            (type_tag, value_blob, task_id, idx, task_path)
         )
     for cid_map in writes_by_ch_by_cid.values():
         for ws in cid_map.values():
-            ws.sort(key=lambda w: (w[2], w[3]))
+            ws.sort(key=lambda w: writes_sort_key(w[4], w[2], w[3]))
 
     result: dict[str, DeltaChannelHistory] = {}
     for ch in channels:
@@ -172,7 +181,7 @@ def build_delta_channels_writes_history(
         collected: list[PendingWrite] = []
         # Chain is newest-first; iterate oldest-first for the public order.
         for cid in reversed(chain_cids):
-            for type_tag, value_blob, task_id, _idx in cid_writes.get(cid, []):
+            for type_tag, value_blob, task_id, _idx, _path in cid_writes.get(cid, []):
                 collected.append(
                     (task_id, ch, serde.loads_typed((type_tag, value_blob)))
                 )

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/aio.py

@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite._delta import (
     build_delta_stage2_sql,
     step_walk_with_row,
 )
-from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.utils import search_where
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.utils import (
+    load_pending_writes,
+    pending_writes_sql,
+    search_where,
+)
 
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=Callable)
 
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
 
     lock: asyncio.Lock
     is_setup: bool
+    _has_task_path: bool = True
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -331,6 +336,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                     checkpoint_ns TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                     checkpoint_id TEXT NOT NULL,
                     task_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    task_path TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                     idx INTEGER NOT NULL,
                     channel TEXT NOT NULL,
                     type TEXT,
@@ -341,6 +347,21 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             ):
                 await self.conn.commit()
 
+            # sqlite has no ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS; this migrates databases
+            # created before `task_path` existed and is a no-op on the rest.
+            try:
+                await self.conn.execute(
+                    "ALTER TABLE writes ADD COLUMN task_path TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"
+                )
+                await self.conn.commit()
+            except aiosqlite.OperationalError as e:
+                # A read-only database from before the column can still be read;
+                # its rows would all read back as '' anyway.
+                if "readonly database" in str(e):
+                    self._has_task_path = False
+                elif "duplicate column name" not in str(e):
+                    raise
+
             self.is_setup = True
 
     async def aget_tuple(self, config: RunnableConfig) -> CheckpointTuple | None:
@@ -395,7 +416,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                     }
                 # find any pending writes
                 await cur.execute(
-                    "SELECT task_id, channel, type, value FROM writes WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ? ORDER BY task_id, idx",
+                    pending_writes_sql(self._has_task_path),
                     (
                         str(config["configurable"]["thread_id"]),
                         checkpoint_ns,
@@ -421,10 +442,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                         if parent_checkpoint_id
                         else None
                     ),
-                    [
-                        (task_id, channel, self.serde.loads_typed((type, value)))
-                        async for task_id, channel, type, value in cur
-                    ],
+                    load_pending_writes(await cur.fetchall(), self.serde),
                 )
 
     async def alist(
@@ -473,7 +491,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                 metadata,
             ) in cur:
                 await wcur.execute(
-                    "SELECT task_id, channel, type, value FROM writes WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ? ORDER BY task_id, idx",
+                    pending_writes_sql(self._has_task_path),
                     (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id),
                 )
                 yield CheckpointTuple(
@@ -500,10 +518,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                         if parent_checkpoint_id
                         else None
                     ),
-                    [
-                        (task_id, channel, self.serde.loads_typed((type, value)))
-                        async for task_id, channel, type, value in wcur
-                    ],
+                    load_pending_writes(await wcur.fetchall(), self.serde),
                 )
 
     async def aput(
@@ -576,9 +591,9 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
             task_path: Path of the task creating the writes.
         """
         query = (
-            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, task_path, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
             if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes)
-            else "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
+            else "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO writes (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, task_path, idx, channel, type, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"
         )
         await self.setup()
         async with self.lock, self.conn.cursor() as cur:
@@ -590,6 +605,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                         str(config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]),
                         str(config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]),
                         task_id,
+                        task_path,
                         WRITES_IDX_MAP.get(channel, idx),
                         channel,
                         *self.serde.dumps_typed(value),
@@ -637,7 +653,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
         thread_id = str(config["configurable"]["thread_id"])
         checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
         checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config)
-        if checkpoint_id is None:
+        if not checkpoint_id:
             target = await self.aget_tuple(config)
             if target is None:
                 return {ch: {"writes": []} for ch in channels}
@@ -671,6 +687,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
 
             channels_with_chain = [ch for ch in channels if chain_by_ch[ch]]
             stage2_sql = build_delta_stage2_sql(
+                has_task_path=self._has_task_path,
                 chain_lens=[len(chain_by_ch[ch]) for ch in channels_with_chain],
             )
             if stage2_sql:
@@ -681,7 +698,7 @@ class AsyncSqliteSaver(BaseCheckpointSaver[str]):
                     )
                 await cur.execute(stage2_sql, stage2_params)
                 stage2_rows = cast(
-                    "list[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes]]",
+                    "list[tuple[str, str, str, int, str, bytes, str]]",
                     await cur.fetchall(),
                 )
             else:

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/checkpoint/sqlite/utils.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import re
-from collections.abc import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from typing import Any
 
 from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
-from langgraph.checkpoint.base import get_checkpoint_id
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import PendingWrite, get_checkpoint_id, writes_sort_key
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.base import SerializerProtocol
 
 _FILTER_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+$")
 
@@ -114,3 +115,23 @@ def search_where(
         param_values.append(get_checkpoint_id(before))
 
     return ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(wheres) if wheres else "", param_values)
+
+
+def pending_writes_sql(has_task_path: bool) -> str:
+    task_path = "task_path" if has_task_path else "''"
+    return (
+        f"SELECT task_id, channel, type, value, {task_path}, idx FROM writes "
+        "WHERE thread_id = ? AND checkpoint_ns = ? AND checkpoint_id = ?"
+    )
+
+
+def load_pending_writes(
+    rows: Iterable[Any], serde: SerializerProtocol
+) -> list[PendingWrite]:
+    """Deserialize `pending_writes_sql` rows in `writes_sort_key` order."""
+    return [
+        (task_id, channel, serde.loads_typed((type_, value)))
+        for task_id, channel, type_, value, _, _ in sorted(
+            rows, key=lambda r: writes_sort_key(r[4], r[0], r[5])
+        )
+    ]

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/langgraph/store/sqlite/base.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from langgraph.store.base import (
     ensure_embeddings,
     get_text_at_path,
     tokenize_path,
+    validate_op_namespace,
 )
 
 _AIO_ERROR_MSG = (
@@ -257,6 +258,7 @@ def _group_ops(ops: Iterable[Op]) -> tuple[dict[type, list[tuple[int, Op]]], int
     grouped_ops: dict[type, list[tuple[int, Op]]] = defaultdict(list)
     tot = 0
     for idx, op in enumerate(ops):
+        validate_op_namespace(op)
         grouped_ops[type(op)].append((idx, op))
         tot += 1
     return grouped_ops, tot

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.1.1"
+version = "3.1.2"
 description = "Library with a SQLite implementation of LangGraph checkpoint saver."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
 license-files = ['LICENSE']
 dependencies = [
-    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0,<5.0.0",
+    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.3.0,<5.0.0",
     "aiosqlite>=0.20",
     "sqlite-vec>=0.1.6",
 ]

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_async_store.py

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ from typing import cast
 import pytest
 from langgraph.store.base import (
     GetOp,
+    InvalidNamespaceError,
     Item,
     ListNamespacesOp,
+    MatchCondition,
     PutOp,
     SearchOp,
 )
@@ -745,3 +747,65 @@ async def test_async_namespace_segment_boundary(store: AsyncSqliteStore) -> None
     assert set(await store.alist_namespaces(suffix=["alice"], limit=100)) == {
         ("uid", "users", "alice"),
     }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", [("foo.bar",), ("foo", ""), ("foo", 1)])
+async def test_abatch_rejects_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    store: AsyncSqliteStore, namespace: tuple
+) -> None:
+    await store.aput(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    for op in (
+        GetOp(namespace, "key"),
+        GetOp(namespace, "key", refresh_ttl=True),
+        PutOp(namespace, "key", {"changed": True}),
+        PutOp(namespace, "key", None),
+        SearchOp(namespace),
+        ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", namespace),)),
+        ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("suffix", namespace),)),
+    ):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+            await store.abatch([op])
+
+    item = await store.aget(("foo", "bar"), "key")
+    assert item is not None and item.value == {"original": True}
+
+
+async def test_invalid_namespace_only_fails_its_own_call(
+    store: AsyncSqliteStore,
+) -> None:
+    """Concurrent calls share one `abatch`, which fails every op if it raises.
+
+    Labels are checked before an op is queued, so one caller's bad label cannot
+    fail another caller's request.
+    """
+    await store.aput(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    valid, invalid = await asyncio.gather(
+        store.aget(("foo", "bar"), "key"),
+        store.aget(("foo.bar",), "key"),
+        return_exceptions=True,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(valid, Item) and valid.value == {"original": True}
+    assert isinstance(invalid, InvalidNamespaceError)
+
+
+async def test_sync_methods_reject_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    store: AsyncSqliteStore,
+) -> None:
+    """The sync wrappers run off the event loop thread and must validate too."""
+    await store.aput(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    for call in (
+        lambda: store.get(("foo.bar",), "key"),
+        lambda: store.search(("foo.bar",)),
+        lambda: store.delete(("foo.bar",), "key"),
+        lambda: store.list_namespaces(prefix=("foo.bar",)),
+        lambda: store.batch([GetOp(("foo.bar",), "key")]),
+    ):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+            await asyncio.to_thread(call)
+
+    item = await store.aget(("foo", "bar"), "key")
+    assert item is not None and item.value == {"original": True}

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_delta_parent_walk.py

@@ -65,6 +65,39 @@ async def test_async_walk_reaches_parent_whatever_the_id_order(
         assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
 
 
+EMPTY_CHECKPOINT_ID: dict[str, Any] = {
+    "configurable": {**CONFIG["configurable"], "checkpoint_id": ""}
+}
+
+
+def test_sync_empty_checkpoint_id_reads_from_the_latest_checkpoint() -> None:
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        root = saver.put(CONFIG, _checkpoint("a-older", {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {})
+        saver.put_writes(root, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        saver.put(root, _checkpoint("z-newer", {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
+            config=EMPTY_CHECKPOINT_ID, channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+
+
+async def test_async_empty_checkpoint_id_reads_from_the_latest_checkpoint() -> None:
+    async with AsyncSqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:
+        root = await saver.aput(
+            CONFIG, _checkpoint("a-older", {CHANNEL: "seed"}), {}, {}
+        )
+        await saver.aput_writes(root, [(CHANNEL, "write-root")], "task")
+        await saver.aput(root, _checkpoint("z-newer", {}), {}, {})
+
+        got = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
+            config=EMPTY_CHECKPOINT_ID, channels=[CHANNEL]
+        )
+
+        assert got[CHANNEL] == EXPECTED
+
+
 def test_walk_reaches_root_of_long_chain_with_descending_ids() -> None:
     steps = 40
     with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(":memory:") as saver:

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_store.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import pytest
 from langchain_core.embeddings import Embeddings
 from langgraph.store.base import (
     GetOp,
+    InvalidNamespaceError,
     Item,
     ListNamespacesOp,
     MatchCondition,
@@ -1363,6 +1364,17 @@ def test_search_empty_prefix_is_unconstrained(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
     }
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("batched", [False, True])
+def test_search_rejects_nul_namespace_prefix(store: SqliteStore, batched: bool) -> None:
+    store.put(("a",), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError, match="NUL"):
+        if batched:
+            store.batch([SearchOp(("a\x00",))])
+        else:
+            store.search(("a\x00",))
+
+
 def test_namespace_labels_with_trailing_newline(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
     """Labels may contain newlines, and must not match a differently-named label.
 
@@ -1435,3 +1447,51 @@ def test_list_namespaces_metacharacter_labels(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
         assert set(store.list_namespaces(prefix=[label, "child"], limit=100)) == {
             (label, "child"),
         }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", [("foo.bar",), ("foo", ""), ("foo", 1)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "kind", ["get", "put", "delete", "search", "list_prefix", "list_suffix"]
+)
+def test_batch_rejects_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    store: SqliteStore, namespace: tuple, kind: str
+) -> None:
+    """Ops passed straight to `batch` must not reach another namespace.
+
+    Namespaces are stored dot-joined, so `("foo.bar",)` flattens to the same
+    text as `("foo", "bar")`. `BaseStore` methods validate labels themselves,
+    but `batch` takes ops as given.
+    """
+    op = {
+        "get": GetOp(namespace, "key"),
+        "put": PutOp(namespace, "key", {"changed": True}),
+        "delete": PutOp(namespace, "key", None),
+        "search": SearchOp(namespace),
+        "list_prefix": ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", namespace),)),
+        "list_suffix": ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("suffix", namespace),)),
+    }[kind]
+    store.put(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"original": True})
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+        store.batch([PutOp(("valid",), "key", {}), op])
+
+    item = store.get(("foo", "bar"), "key")
+    assert item is not None and item.value == {"original": True}
+    # The whole batch is rejected before any SQL runs.
+    assert store.get(("valid",), "key") is None
+
+
+def test_batch_allows_empty_search_prefix_and_listing_wildcards(
+    store: SqliteStore,
+) -> None:
+    store.put(("foo", "bar"), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    found, listed = store.batch(
+        [
+            SearchOp(()),
+            ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", ("foo", "*")),)),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    assert [item.namespace for item in found] == [("foo", "bar")]
+    assert listed == [("foo", "bar")]

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/tests/test_writes_task_path_migration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import sqlite3
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import closing
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import aiosqlite
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import empty_checkpoint
+
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite import SqliteSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite.aio import AsyncSqliteSaver
+
+WRITES_BEFORE_TASK_PATH = """
+CREATE TABLE writes (
+    thread_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    checkpoint_ns TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    checkpoint_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    task_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    idx INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    channel TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT,
+    value BLOB,
+    PRIMARY KEY (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id, task_id, idx)
+);
+INSERT INTO writes VALUES ('t', '', 'c', 'old-task', 0, 'ch', 'null', X'');
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def legacy_db(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    db = tmp_path / "legacy.sqlite"
+    with sqlite3.connect(db) as conn:
+        conn.executescript(WRITES_BEFORE_TASK_PATH)
+    return db
+
+
+def test_setup_migrates_legacy_writes_table_repeatably(legacy_db: Path) -> None:
+    for _ in range(2):
+        with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(str(legacy_db)) as saver:
+            saver.setup()
+            rows = saver.conn.execute(
+                "SELECT task_id, task_path FROM writes"
+            ).fetchall()
+            assert rows == [("old-task", "")]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fresh", [True, False], ids=["fresh", "legacy"])
+def test_put_writes_persists_task_path(
+    tmp_path: Path, legacy_db: Path, fresh: bool
+) -> None:
+    db = tmp_path / "fresh.sqlite" if fresh else legacy_db
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(str(db)) as saver:
+        config = saver.put(
+            {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t", "checkpoint_ns": ""}},
+            empty_checkpoint(),
+            {},
+            {},
+        )
+        saver.put_writes(config, [("ch", "v")], "task-1", "~__pregel_pull, node")
+        stored = saver.conn.execute(
+            "SELECT task_path FROM writes WHERE task_id = 'task-1'"
+        ).fetchall()
+    assert stored == [("~__pregel_pull, node",)]
+
+
+async def test_async_setup_migrates_legacy_writes_table_repeatably(
+    legacy_db: Path,
+) -> None:
+    for _ in range(2):
+        async with AsyncSqliteSaver.from_conn_string(str(legacy_db)) as saver:
+            await saver.setup()
+            config = await saver.aput(
+                {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t", "checkpoint_ns": ""}},
+                empty_checkpoint(),
+                {},
+                {},
+            )
+            await saver.aput_writes(
+                config, [("ch", "v")], "task-1", "~__pregel_pull, node"
+            )
+
+    async with aiosqlite.connect(legacy_db) as conn:
+        async with conn.execute(
+            "SELECT DISTINCT task_id, task_path FROM writes ORDER BY task_id"
+        ) as cur:
+            assert await cur.fetchall() == [
+                ("old-task", ""),
+                ("task-1", "~__pregel_pull, node"),
+            ]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def busy_db(tmp_path: Path) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    db = tmp_path / "busy.sqlite"
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(str(db)) as saver:
+        saver.setup()
+    with closing(sqlite3.connect(db, isolation_level=None)) as writer:
+        writer.execute("BEGIN IMMEDIATE")
+        yield db
+        writer.execute("ROLLBACK")
+
+
+def test_setup_does_not_wait_on_another_writer(busy_db: Path) -> None:
+    with closing(sqlite3.connect(busy_db, timeout=0)) as conn:
+        SqliteSaver(conn).setup()
+
+
+async def test_async_setup_does_not_wait_on_another_writer(busy_db: Path) -> None:
+    async with aiosqlite.connect(busy_db, timeout=0) as conn:
+        await AsyncSqliteSaver(conn).setup()
+
+
+def _legacy_database_with_history(db: Path) -> dict:
+    root = empty_checkpoint()
+    root["channel_values"] = {"ch": "seed"}
+    root["channel_versions"] = {"ch": 1}
+    with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(str(db)) as saver:
+        root_config = saver.put(
+            {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t", "checkpoint_ns": ""}},
+            root,
+            {},
+            {"ch": 1},
+        )
+        saver.put_writes(root_config, [("ch", "write")], "task", "~__pregel_pull, n")
+        child = saver.put(root_config, empty_checkpoint(), {}, {})
+        saver.conn.execute("ALTER TABLE writes DROP COLUMN task_path")
+        saver.conn.commit()
+    return child
+
+
+def test_read_only_legacy_database_still_reads_delta_history(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    db = tmp_path / "legacy.sqlite"
+    child = _legacy_database_with_history(db)
+
+    saver = SqliteSaver(sqlite3.connect(f"file:{db}?mode=ro", uri=True))
+    got = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=child, channels=["ch"])
+
+    assert got["ch"] == {"seed": "seed", "writes": [("task", "ch", "write")]}
+
+
+async def test_async_read_only_legacy_database_still_reads_delta_history(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    db = tmp_path / "legacy.sqlite"
+    child = _legacy_database_with_history(db)
+
+    async with aiosqlite.connect(f"file:{db}?mode=ro", uri=True) as conn:
+        saver = AsyncSqliteSaver(conn)
+        got = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(config=child, channels=["ch"])
+
+    assert got["ch"] == {"seed": "seed", "writes": [("task", "ch", "write")]}

libs/checkpoint-sqlite/uv.lock

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.1.1"
+version = "3.1.2"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiosqlite" },

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/base/__init__.py

@@ -162,6 +162,14 @@ class DeltaChannelHistory(TypedDict):
       Always present; possibly empty. Already filtered to one channel.
       Writes stored at the target checkpoint itself are pending for the
       next super-step and are excluded.
+
+      Within a single checkpoint, writes are ordered by `writes_sort_key`,
+      `(task_path, task_id, idx)`, which is the order live execution applies
+      a super-step's task writes in. `task_id` is a hash of the path, so
+      ordering by it permutes parallel tasks writing one channel, and
+      reducers need not be order-invariant. Writes stored without a
+      `task_path` (graph input, `update_state` and `Command` updates, rows
+      predating the column) sort first, by `task_id`.
     * `seed` — the stored value at the nearest ancestor whose
       `channel_values[ch]` is populated. Omitted if the walk reached the
       root without finding any stored value (consumer treats absence as
@@ -174,6 +182,20 @@ class DeltaChannelHistory(TypedDict):
     seed: NotRequired[Any]
 
 
+def writes_sort_key(
+    task_path: str, task_id: str = "", idx: int = 0
+) -> tuple[str, str, int]:
+    """Sort key for the writes of one super-step.
+
+    Live execution applies a super-step's tasks in this order, so a saver
+    that replays stored writes, as `get_delta_channel_history` does, must
+    sort them by it too, or an order-sensitive reducer rebuilds a different
+    value than the run produced. `task_path` is the string passed to
+    `put_writes`.
+    """
+    return (task_path, task_id, idx)
+
+
 class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
     """Base class for creating a graph checkpointer.
 
@@ -244,7 +266,8 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
             config: Configuration specifying which checkpoint to retrieve.
 
         Returns:
-            The requested checkpoint tuple, or `None` if not found.
+            The requested checkpoint tuple, or `None` if not found. Its
+                `pending_writes` must be in `writes_sort_key` order.
 
         Raises:
             NotImplementedError: Implement this method in your custom checkpoint saver.
@@ -434,7 +457,8 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
             config: Configuration specifying which checkpoint to retrieve.
 
         Returns:
-            The requested checkpoint tuple, or `None` if not found.
+            The requested checkpoint tuple, or `None` if not found. Its
+                `pending_writes` must be in `writes_sort_key` order.
 
         Raises:
             NotImplementedError: Implement this method in your custom checkpoint saver.
@@ -611,6 +635,10 @@ class BaseCheckpointSaver(Generic[V]):
         `PostgresSaver`) override for performance; the return contract is
         fixed here.
 
+        `PendingWrite` carries no `task_path`, so this default replays each
+        checkpoint's writes in `get_tuple`'s `pending_writes` order, which
+        `get_tuple` must return in `writes_sort_key` order.
+
         Args:
             config: Configuration identifying the target checkpoint.
             channels: Channel names to walk for. Empty → empty mapping.

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/memory/__init__.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     SerializerProtocol,
     get_checkpoint_id,
     get_checkpoint_metadata,
+    writes_sort_key,
 )
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -139,6 +140,15 @@ class InMemorySaver(
             result[k] = self.serde.loads_typed(vv)
         return result
 
+    def _ordered_writes(
+        self, thread_id: str, checkpoint_ns: str, checkpoint_id: str
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str, tuple[str, bytes], str]]:
+        stored = self.writes.get((thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id), {})
+        return [
+            stored[k]
+            for k in sorted(stored, key=lambda k: writes_sort_key(stored[k][3], *k))
+        ]
+
     def get_delta_channel_history(
         self, *, config: RunnableConfig, channels: Sequence[str]
     ) -> Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory]:
@@ -160,8 +170,8 @@ class InMemorySaver(
             return {}
         thread_id = config["configurable"]["thread_id"]
         checkpoint_ns = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_ns", "")
-        checkpoint_id = config["configurable"].get("checkpoint_id", "")
         ns_storage = self.storage.get(thread_id, {}).get(checkpoint_ns, {})
+        checkpoint_id = get_checkpoint_id(config) or max(ns_storage, default="")
 
         chain: list[str] = []
         target_entry = ns_storage.get(checkpoint_id)
@@ -198,9 +208,8 @@ class InMemorySaver(
                     blob_value_by_ch[ch] = self.serde.loads_typed(blob_entry)
                     terminated_here.add(ch)
 
-            step_writes = self.writes.get((thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cp_id), {})
-            for (_task_id, _idx), (tid, ch, serialized, _) in sorted(
-                step_writes.items(), reverse=True
+            for tid, ch, serialized, _ in reversed(
+                self._ordered_writes(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, cp_id)
             ):
                 if ch not in remaining:
                     continue
@@ -246,7 +255,7 @@ class InMemorySaver(
         if checkpoint_id := get_checkpoint_id(config):
             if saved := self.storage[thread_id][checkpoint_ns].get(checkpoint_id):
                 checkpoint, metadata, parent_checkpoint_id = saved
-                writes = self.writes[(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)].values()
+                writes = self._ordered_writes(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
                 checkpoint_: Checkpoint = self.serde.loads_typed(checkpoint)
                 return CheckpointTuple(
                     config=config,
@@ -276,7 +285,7 @@ class InMemorySaver(
             if checkpoints := self.storage[thread_id][checkpoint_ns]:
                 checkpoint_id = max(checkpoints.keys())
                 checkpoint, metadata, parent_checkpoint_id = checkpoints[checkpoint_id]
-                writes = self.writes[(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)].values()
+                writes = self._ordered_writes(thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
                 checkpoint_ = self.serde.loads_typed(checkpoint)
                 return CheckpointTuple(
                     config={
@@ -379,9 +388,9 @@ class InMemorySaver(
                     elif limit is not None:
                         limit -= 1
 
-                    writes = self.writes[
-                        (thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id)
-                    ].values()
+                    writes = self._ordered_writes(
+                        thread_id, checkpoint_ns, checkpoint_id
+                    )
 
                     checkpoint_: Checkpoint = self.serde.loads_typed(checkpoint)
 

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/serde/jsonplus.py

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 _MAX_WARNED_TYPES = 1000
 _warned_unregistered_types: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
 _warned_blocked_types: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
+_warned_unreconstructable_types: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
 
 
 def _is_safe_json_type(id_list: list[str]) -> bool:
@@ -79,6 +80,27 @@ def _warn_once(
     logger.warning(msg, *args)
 
 
+def _reconstruction_fallback(tup: Any, exc: Exception) -> Any:
+    """Return the serialized payload of an object that could not be rebuilt.
+
+    Returning `None` here would silently erase the value from restored state.
+    """
+    try:
+        module, name, payload = tup[0], tup[1], tup[2]
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+    _warn_once(
+        _warned_unreconstructable_types,
+        (str(module), str(name)),
+        "Could not reconstruct %s.%s from checkpoint (%s); "
+        "returning its serialized data instead.",
+        module,
+        name,
+        type(exc).__name__,
+    )
+    return payload
+
+
 class JsonPlusSerializer(SerializerProtocol):
     """Serializer that uses ormsgpack, with optional fallbacks.
 
@@ -638,6 +660,7 @@ def _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
                 )
             )
         elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG:
+            tup = None
             try:
                 tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                     data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
@@ -649,9 +672,10 @@ def _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
                     return tup[2]
                 # module, name, arg
                 return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(tup[2])
-            except Exception:
-                return None
+            except Exception as exc:
+                return _reconstruction_fallback(tup, exc)
         elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS:
+            tup = None
             try:
                 tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                     data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
@@ -662,9 +686,10 @@ def _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
                     return _send_from_args(tup[2])
                 # module, name, args
                 return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(*tup[2])
-            except Exception:
-                return None
+            except Exception as exc:
+                return _reconstruction_fallback(tup, exc)
         elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS:
+            tup = None
             try:
                 tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                     data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
@@ -673,9 +698,10 @@ def _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
                     return tup[2]
                 # module, name, kwargs
                 return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(**tup[2])
-            except Exception:
-                return None
+            except Exception as exc:
+                return _reconstruction_fallback(tup, exc)
         elif code == EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG:
+            tup = None
             try:
                 tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                     data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
@@ -686,8 +712,8 @@ def _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
                 return getattr(
                     getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1]), tup[3]
                 )(tup[2])
-            except Exception:
-                return None
+            except Exception as exc:
+                return _reconstruction_fallback(tup, exc)
         elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V1:
             try:
                 tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/__init__.py

@@ -771,7 +771,12 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
 
         Returns:
             The retrieved item or `None` if not found.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a namespace label is empty, is not a string,
+                or contains a period (`.`).
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
         return self.batch(
             [GetOp(namespace, str(key), _ensure_refresh(self.ttl_config, refresh_ttl))]
         )[0]
@@ -801,6 +806,10 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
         Returns:
             List of items matching the search criteria.
 
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a `namespace_prefix` label is empty, is not a
+                string, or contains a period (`.`).
+
         ???+ example "Examples"
 
             Basic filtering:
@@ -840,6 +849,7 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
                 Natural language search support depends on your store implementation
                 and requires proper embedding configuration.
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace_prefix)
         return self.batch(
             [
                 SearchOp(
@@ -887,6 +897,11 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
                 By default, the expiration timer refreshes on both read operations (get/search)
                 and write operations (put/update), whenever the item is included in the operation.
 
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If the namespace is empty, its root label is
+                `"langgraph"`, or a label is empty, is not a string, or contains a
+                period (`.`).
+
         Note:
             Indexing support depends on your store implementation.
             If you do not initialize the store with indexing capabilities,
@@ -940,7 +955,12 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
         Args:
             namespace: Hierarchical path for the item.
             key: Unique identifier within the namespace.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a namespace label is empty, is not a string,
+                or contains a period (`.`).
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
         self.batch([PutOp(namespace, str(key), None, ttl=None)])
 
     def list_namespaces(
@@ -969,6 +989,10 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
             A list of namespace tuples that match the criteria. Each tuple represents a
                 full namespace path up to `max_depth`.
 
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a `prefix` or `suffix` label is empty, is not a
+                string, or contains a period (`.`).
+
         ???+ example "Examples":
 
             Setting `max_depth=3`. Given the namespaces:
@@ -984,6 +1008,8 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
             # [("a", "b", "c"), ("a", "b", "d"), ("a", "b", "f")]
             ```
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(prefix or ())
+        _validate_namespace_labels(suffix or ())
         match_conditions = []
         if prefix:
             match_conditions.append(MatchCondition(match_type="prefix", path=prefix))
@@ -1013,7 +1039,12 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
 
         Returns:
             The retrieved item or `None` if not found.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a namespace label is empty, is not a string,
+                or contains a period (`.`).
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
         return (
             await self.abatch(
                 [
@@ -1052,6 +1083,10 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
         Returns:
             List of items matching the search criteria.
 
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a `namespace_prefix` label is empty, is not a
+                string, or contains a period (`.`).
+
         ???+ example "Examples"
 
             Basic filtering:
@@ -1091,6 +1126,7 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
                 Natural language search support depends on your store implementation
                 and requires proper embedding configuration.
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace_prefix)
         return (
             await self.abatch(
                 [
@@ -1140,6 +1176,11 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
                 By default, the expiration timer refreshes on both read operations (get/search)
                 and write operations (put/update), whenever the item is included in the operation.
 
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If the namespace is empty, its root label is
+                `"langgraph"`, or a label is empty, is not a string, or contains a
+                period (`.`).
+
         Note:
             Indexing support depends on your store implementation.
             If you do not initialize the store with indexing capabilities,
@@ -1201,7 +1242,12 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
         Args:
             namespace: Hierarchical path for the item.
             key: Unique identifier within the namespace.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a namespace label is empty, is not a string,
+                or contains a period (`.`).
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
         await self.abatch([PutOp(namespace, str(key), None)])
 
     async def alist_namespaces(
@@ -1230,6 +1276,10 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
             A list of namespace tuples that match the criteria. Each tuple represents a
                 full namespace path up to `max_depth`.
 
+        Raises:
+            InvalidNamespaceError: If a `prefix` or `suffix` label is empty, is not a
+                string, or contains a period (`.`).
+
         ???+ example "Examples"
 
             Setting `max_depth=3` with existing namespaces:
@@ -1245,6 +1295,8 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
             # Returns: [("a", "b", "c"), ("a", "b", "d"), ("a", "b", "f")]
             ```
         """
+        _validate_namespace_labels(prefix or ())
+        _validate_namespace_labels(suffix or ())
         match_conditions = []
         if prefix:
             match_conditions.append(MatchCondition(match_type="prefix", path=prefix))
@@ -1263,6 +1315,14 @@ class BaseStore(ABC):
 def _validate_namespace(namespace: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
     if not namespace:
         raise InvalidNamespaceError("Namespace cannot be empty.")
+    _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
+    if namespace[0] == "langgraph":
+        raise InvalidNamespaceError(
+            f'Root label for namespace cannot be "langgraph". Got: {namespace}'
+        )
+
+
+def _validate_namespace_labels(namespace: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
     for label in namespace:
         if not isinstance(label, str):
             raise InvalidNamespaceError(
@@ -1273,14 +1333,35 @@ def _validate_namespace(namespace: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
             raise InvalidNamespaceError(
                 f"Invalid namespace label '{label}' found in {namespace}. Namespace labels cannot contain periods ('.')."
             )
+        elif "\x00" in label:
+            raise InvalidNamespaceError(
+                f"Invalid namespace label '{label}' found in {namespace}. Namespace labels cannot contain NUL bytes ('\\x00')."
+            )
         elif not label:
             raise InvalidNamespaceError(
                 f"Namespace labels cannot be empty strings. Got {label} in {namespace}"
             )
-    if namespace[0] == "langgraph":
-        raise InvalidNamespaceError(
-            f'Root label for namespace cannot be "langgraph". Got: {namespace}'
-        )
+
+
+def validate_op_namespace(op: Op) -> None:
+    """Validate the namespace labels an op carries before a store executes it.
+
+    `BaseStore` methods check labels before batching, but ops passed directly to
+    `batch`/`abatch` skip those methods. Stores that serialize namespaces as
+    delimited text should call this for every op they execute, so a label such
+    as `"foo.bar"` cannot address the namespace `("foo", "bar")`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidNamespaceError: If a label is empty, is not a string, or contains
+            a period (`.`).
+    """
+    if isinstance(op, (GetOp, PutOp)):
+        _validate_namespace_labels(op.namespace)
+    elif isinstance(op, SearchOp):
+        _validate_namespace_labels(op.namespace_prefix)
+    elif isinstance(op, ListNamespacesOp):
+        for condition in op.match_conditions or ():
+            _validate_namespace_labels(condition.path)
 
 
 def _ensure_refresh(
@@ -1319,4 +1400,5 @@ __all__ = [
     "ensure_embeddings",
     "tokenize_path",
     "get_text_at_path",
+    "validate_op_namespace",
 ]

libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/batch.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from langgraph.store.base import (
     _ensure_refresh,
     _ensure_ttl,
     _validate_namespace,
+    _validate_namespace_labels,
 )
 
 F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable)
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
         *,
         refresh_ttl: bool | None = None,
     ) -> Item | None:
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
         self._ensure_task()
         fut = self._loop.create_future()
         self._aqueue.put_nowait(
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
         offset: int = 0,
         refresh_ttl: bool | None = None,
     ) -> list[SearchItem]:
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace_prefix)
         self._ensure_task()
         fut = self._loop.create_future()
         self._aqueue.put_nowait(
@@ -155,6 +158,7 @@ class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
         namespace: tuple[str, ...],
         key: str,
     ) -> None:
+        _validate_namespace_labels(namespace)
         self._ensure_task()
         fut = self._loop.create_future()
         self._aqueue.put_nowait((fut, PutOp(namespace, key, None)))
@@ -169,6 +173,8 @@ class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
         limit: int = 100,
         offset: int = 0,
     ) -> list[tuple[str, ...]]:
+        _validate_namespace_labels(prefix or ())
+        _validate_namespace_labels(suffix or ())
         self._ensure_task()
         fut = self._loop.create_future()
         match_conditions = []

libs/checkpoint/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 description = "Library with base interfaces for LangGraph checkpoint savers."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_conformance_delta.py

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-"""Run delta-channel conformance capabilities against InMemorySaver."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import pytest
-
-conformance = pytest.importorskip(
-    "langgraph.checkpoint.conformance",
-    reason="langgraph-checkpoint-conformance not installed",
-)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_delta_channel_conformance():
-    # Imported inside the test: the module-level importorskip above is what
-    # makes these safe, so they cannot move to the top of the file.
-    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance import validate  # noqa: PLC0415
-    from langgraph.checkpoint.conformance.initializer import (  # noqa: PLC0415
-        checkpointer_test,
-    )
-
-    from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver  # noqa: PLC0415
-
-    @checkpointer_test(name="InMemorySaver")
-    async def mem_saver():
-        yield InMemorySaver()
-
-    report = await validate(
-        mem_saver,
-        capabilities={
-            "delta_channel_history",
-        },
-    )
-    for cap, result in report.results.items():
-        if result.passed is False:
-            details = "\n".join(result.failures or [])
-            pytest.fail(f"Capability {cap} failed:\n{details}")

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_jsonplus.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import pickle
 import re
 import sys
 import tempfile
+import types
 import uuid
 from collections import deque
 from datetime import date, datetime, time, timezone
@@ -33,12 +34,16 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.event_hooks import (
     register_serde_event_listener,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus import (
+    EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS,
+    EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
+    EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
     EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG,
     InvalidModuleError,
     JsonPlusSerializer,
     _msgpack_enc,
     _msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
     _warned_blocked_types,
+    _warned_unreconstructable_types,
     _warned_unregistered_types,
 )
 from langgraph.store.base import Item
@@ -821,6 +826,7 @@ def _reset_warned_types() -> None:
     # a fresh slate and assertions about warning emission are stable.
     _warned_unregistered_types.clear()
     _warned_blocked_types.clear()
+    _warned_unreconstructable_types.clear()
 
 
 def test_msgpack_pydantic_warns_by_default(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
@@ -1230,3 +1236,58 @@ def test_msgpack_nested_pydantic_serializes_as_dict(
     # No blocking should occur - inner is serialized as dict, not ext
     assert "blocked" not in caplog.text.lower()
     assert result == obj
+
+
+def test_msgpack_dataclass_from_removed_module_restores_payload(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    @dataclasses.dataclass
+    class SavedObject:
+        value: int
+
+    SavedObject.__module__ = "removed_module"
+    module = types.ModuleType("removed_module")
+    module.SavedObject = SavedObject
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "removed_module", module)
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer(
+        allowed_msgpack_modules=[("removed_module", "SavedObject")]
+    )
+    dumped = serde.dumps_typed({"state": SavedObject(123)})
+    assert serde.loads_typed(dumped) == {"state": SavedObject(123)}
+
+    monkeypatch.delitem(sys.modules, "removed_module")
+    caplog.set_level(logging.WARNING, logger="langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus")
+
+    assert serde.loads_typed(dumped) == {"state": {"value": 123}}
+    assert (
+        "could not reconstruct removed_module.savedobject from checkpoint "
+        "(modulenotfounderror)" in caplog.text.lower()
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("code", "tup", "expected"),
+    [
+        (EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG, ("missing_module", "Thing", "x"), "x"),
+        (EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS, ("missing_module", "Thing", [1, 2]), [1, 2]),
+        (
+            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS,
+            ("missing_module", "Thing", {"value": 123}),
+            {"value": 123},
+        ),
+        (
+            EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG,
+            ("datetime", "datetime", "not-a-date", "fromisoformat"),
+            "not-a-date",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_msgpack_failed_reconstruction_returns_payload(
+    code: int, tup: tuple, expected: object
+) -> None:
+    serde = JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_msgpack_modules=True)
+    payload = ormsgpack.packb(
+        ormsgpack.Ext(code, _msgpack_enc(tup)), option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
+    )
+
+    assert serde.loads_typed(("msgpack", payload)) == expected

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_memory.py

@@ -420,6 +420,19 @@ class TestInMemorySaverDeltaChannel:
         assert "seed" not in result
         assert result["writes"] == []
 
+    def test_get_channel_writes_without_checkpoint_id_reads_the_latest(self) -> None:
+        saver = InMemorySaver()
+        thread: RunnableConfig = {
+            "configurable": {"thread_id": "t1", "checkpoint_ns": ""}
+        }
+        parent = saver.put(thread, empty_checkpoint(), {}, {})
+        saver.put_writes(parent, [("messages", "hi")], "task1")
+        saver.put(parent, empty_checkpoint(), {}, {})
+
+        result = saver.get_delta_channel_history(config=thread, channels=["messages"])
+
+        assert result == {"messages": {"writes": [("task1", "messages", "hi")]}}
+
 
 class TestBaseFallbackGetChannelWrites:
     """Exercises the `BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history` default

libs/checkpoint/tests/test_store.py

@@ -13,10 +13,14 @@ from langgraph.store.base import (
     GetOp,
     InvalidNamespaceError,
     Item,
+    ListNamespacesOp,
+    MatchCondition,
     Op,
     PutOp,
     Result,
+    SearchOp,
     get_text_at_path,
+    validate_op_namespace,
 )
 from langgraph.store.base.batch import AsyncBatchedBaseStore
 from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
@@ -528,6 +532,127 @@ async def test_cannot_put_empty_namespace() -> None:
     assert (await async_store.aget(("valid", "namespace"), "key")) is None
 
 
+INVALID_NAMESPACES = [("foo.bar",), ("foo\x00",), ("foo", ""), (123,)]
+NAMESPACE_METHODS = ["get", "delete", "search", "prefix", "suffix"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", INVALID_NAMESPACES)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", NAMESPACE_METHODS)
+def test_rejects_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    mocker: MockerFixture, namespace: tuple, method: str
+) -> None:
+    store = InMemoryStore()
+    batch = mocker.spy(InMemoryStore, "batch")
+    call = {
+        "get": lambda: store.get(namespace, "key"),
+        "delete": lambda: store.delete(namespace, "key"),
+        "search": lambda: store.search(namespace),
+        "prefix": lambda: store.list_namespaces(prefix=namespace),
+        "suffix": lambda: store.list_namespaces(suffix=namespace),
+    }[method]
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+        call()
+
+    batch.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("batched", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", INVALID_NAMESPACES)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", NAMESPACE_METHODS)
+async def test_async_rejects_invalid_namespace_labels(
+    mocker: MockerFixture, batched: bool, namespace: tuple, method: str
+) -> None:
+    # The batched store must reject before queueing: a failure inside the
+    # shared `abatch` would fail every op queued alongside this one.
+    store = MockAsyncBatchedStore() if batched else InMemoryStore()
+    # `MockAsyncBatchedStore` dispatches through `InMemoryStore.batch`.
+    batch = mocker.spy(InMemoryStore, "batch")
+    abatch = mocker.spy(InMemoryStore, "abatch")
+    call = {
+        "get": lambda: store.aget(namespace, "key"),
+        "delete": lambda: store.adelete(namespace, "key"),
+        "search": lambda: store.asearch(namespace),
+        "prefix": lambda: store.alist_namespaces(prefix=namespace),
+        "suffix": lambda: store.alist_namespaces(suffix=namespace),
+    }[method]
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+        await call()
+
+    batch.assert_not_called()
+    abatch.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_search_and_listing_keep_empty_prefixes_and_wildcards() -> None:
+    store = InMemoryStore()
+    store.put(("tenant", "a_%"), "key", {"v": 1})
+    store.put(("tenant", "b", "child"), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    assert len(store.search(())) == 2
+    assert [item.namespace for item in store.search(("tenant", "a_%"))] == [
+        ("tenant", "a_%")
+    ]
+    assert sorted(store.list_namespaces(prefix=("tenant", "*"), suffix=("*",))) == [
+        ("tenant", "a_%"),
+        ("tenant", "b", "child"),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("batched", [False, True])
+async def test_async_search_and_listing_keep_empty_prefixes_and_wildcards(
+    batched: bool,
+) -> None:
+    store = MockAsyncBatchedStore() if batched else InMemoryStore()
+    await store.aput(("tenant", "a_%"), "key", {"v": 1})
+    await store.aput(("tenant", "b", "child"), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    assert len(await store.asearch(())) == 2
+    assert [item.namespace for item in await store.asearch(("tenant", "a_%"))] == [
+        ("tenant", "a_%")
+    ]
+    assert sorted(
+        await store.alist_namespaces(prefix=("tenant", "*"), suffix=("*",))
+    ) == [("tenant", "a_%"), ("tenant", "b", "child")]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("namespace", INVALID_NAMESPACES)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "kind", ["get", "put", "delete", "search", "list_prefix", "list_suffix"]
+)
+def test_validate_op_namespace_rejects_invalid_labels(
+    namespace: tuple, kind: str
+) -> None:
+    op = {
+        "get": GetOp(namespace, "key"),
+        "put": PutOp(namespace, "key", {"v": 1}),
+        "delete": PutOp(namespace, "key", None),
+        "search": SearchOp(namespace),
+        "list_prefix": ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("prefix", namespace),)),
+        "list_suffix": ListNamespacesOp((MatchCondition("suffix", namespace),)),
+    }[kind]
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError):
+        validate_op_namespace(op)
+
+
+def test_validate_op_namespace_allows_empty_prefix_and_wildcards() -> None:
+    for op in (
+        SearchOp(()),
+        ListNamespacesOp(),
+        ListNamespacesOp(
+            (
+                MatchCondition("prefix", ("tenant", "*")),
+                MatchCondition("suffix", ("*",)),
+            )
+        ),
+        GetOp(("tenant", "a_%"), "key"),
+        # Write-only rules belong to `put`, not to op validation.
+        PutOp(("langgraph", "x"), "key", {"v": 1}),
+    ):
+        validate_op_namespace(op)
+
+
 async def test_async_batch_store_deduplication(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     abatch = mocker.spy(InMemoryStore, "batch")
     store = MockAsyncBatchedStore()

libs/checkpoint/uv.lock

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },

libs/cli/js-examples/package.json

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
     "test:all": "yarn test && yarn test:int && yarn lint:langgraph"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@langchain/core": "^1.2.9",
-    "@langchain/langgraph": "^1.4.13"
+    "@langchain/core": "^1.2.13",
+    "@langchain/langgraph": "^1.4.18"
   },
   "resolutions": {
     "@langchain/langgraph-checkpoint": "1.0.4",
@@ -30,21 +30,21 @@
     "@eslint/eslintrc/js-yaml": "4.3.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.6",
+    "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.7",
     "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
     "@tsconfig/recommended": "^1.0.13",
     "@types/jest": "^30.0.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.68.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.68.0",
-    "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
-    "eslint": "^10.9.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.70.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.70.1",
+    "dotenv": "^18.0.4",
+    "eslint": "^10.11.0",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
     "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.32.0",
     "eslint-plugin-no-instanceof": "^1.0.1",
     "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.5.6",
-    "jest": "^30.5.0",
-    "prettier": "^3.9.6",
-    "ts-jest": "^29.4.12",
+    "jest": "^30.5.2",
+    "prettier": "^3.9.9",
+    "ts-jest": "^29.4.14",
     "typescript": "^7.0.2"
   }
 }

libs/cli/js-monorepo-example/yarn.lock

@@ -581,17 +581,17 @@ base64-js@^1.5.1:
   integrity sha512-AKpaYlHn8t4SVbOHCy+b5+KKgvR4vrsD8vbvrbiQJps7fKDTkjkDry6ji0rUJjC0kzbNePLwzxq8iypo41qeWA==
 
 brace-expansion@^1.1.7:
-  version "1.1.12"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz#ab9b454466e5a8cc3a187beaad580412a9c5b843"
-  integrity sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==
+  version "1.1.21"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.21.tgz#edf4fab5c64d051aea5a8def49aba1c7522279f3"
+  integrity sha512-9zeA+KLZNNzglF2TPKRQEDyx6Yby7daAkuy8MiPzpXPsYDWi/DRM8jmwUDxokQjYqBpv5DgPiwD4h4ZZSy1Ujw==
   dependencies:
     balanced-match "^1.0.0"
     concat-map "0.0.1"
 
 brace-expansion@^5.0.8:
-  version "5.0.9"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.9.tgz#7c72438809b5fa5babf54199a1f1c281a6984fcf"
-  integrity sha512-ScQ4IuvIEF1TMlP7Zt+vjJ//9zlPb2SDcxWxM3bk8s6t6GGdJ7KO1dCcTidOPJKePW30LE/2cT7wCyPho9/Wxg==
+  version "5.0.12"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.12.tgz#995fbb4750a77c4d16a7dc942ff2ca6ef8e675ec"
+  integrity sha512-YovQ3rzhaLMIrDjNDMkNS01tea93qhEhG5xy8f6+R0l+dw3Ki+5sCoIoI942iuLZTHWogWktgwVDhU09iNEimQ==
   dependencies:
     balanced-match "^4.0.2"
 

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "0.4.32"
+__version__ = "0.4.37"

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/deploy.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from langgraph_cli.host_backend import (
     HostBackendError,
     SourceName,
 )
-from langgraph_cli.image_reference import ImageReference
+from langgraph_cli.image_reference import DIGEST_SEPARATOR, ImageReference
 from langgraph_cli.progress import Progress
 from langgraph_cli.util import warn_non_wolfi_distro
 
@@ -231,15 +231,6 @@ class RequestedPlacement:
     def requested(self) -> bool:
         return self.listener_id is not None or self.k8s_namespace is not None
 
-    def ensure_not_requested(self, deployment_id: str) -> None:
-        if self.requested:
-            raise click.UsageError(
-                "Listener and namespace are fixed when a deployment is created. "
-                f"Deployment {deployment_id} already exists, so drop --listener-id "
-                "and --k8s-namespace, or create a new deployment with a different "
-                "--name."
-            )
-
     def on(self, listener: Listener) -> Placement:
         return OnListener(listener.id, self._namespace(listener))
 
@@ -624,6 +615,41 @@ def format_deployments_table(deployments: Sequence[dict[str, object]]) -> str:
     return "\n".join(lines)
 
 
+def _extract_listener_namespaces(listener: dict[str, object]) -> str:
+    compute_config = listener.get("compute_config")
+    namespaces = (
+        compute_config.get("k8s_namespaces")
+        if isinstance(compute_config, dict)
+        else None
+    )
+    if isinstance(namespaces, list) and namespaces:
+        return ", ".join(str(namespace) for namespace in namespaces)
+    return "-"
+
+
+def format_listeners_table(listeners: Sequence[dict[str, object]]) -> str:
+    headers = ("Listener ID", "Compute ID", "Namespaces")
+    rows = [
+        (
+            str(listener.get("id", "-") or "-"),
+            str(listener.get("compute_id", "-") or "-"),
+            _extract_listener_namespaces(listener),
+        )
+        for listener in listeners
+    ]
+    widths = [
+        max(len(headers[index]), *(len(row[index]) for row in rows))
+        for index in range(len(headers))
+    ]
+
+    def format_row(row: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        return "  ".join(value.ljust(widths[index]) for index, value in enumerate(row))
+
+    lines = [format_row(headers), format_row(tuple("-" * width for width in widths))]
+    lines.extend(format_row(row) for row in rows)
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
 def format_revisions_table(revisions: Sequence[dict[str, object]]) -> str:
     headers = ("Revision ID", "Status", "Created At")
     latest_deployed_seen = False
@@ -1020,15 +1046,28 @@ def _print_deployment_result(
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+def _strip_url_scheme(url: str) -> str:
+    """Return a registry reference without a trailing slash or URL scheme."""
+    reference = url.rstrip("/")
+    if "://" in reference:
+        reference = reference.split("//", 1)[1]
+    return reference
+
+
+# Artifact Registry's username for access tokens. Control planes whose registry
+# needs another one return it as `username`.
+_DEFAULT_REGISTRY_USERNAME = "oauth2accesstoken"
+
+
 @contextmanager
-def _docker_config_for_token(registry_host: str, token: str):
+def _docker_config_for_token(registry_host: str, token: str, username: str):
     """Create a temporary Docker config with only the push token.
 
     Yields the path to a temporary config directory that can be passed
     to `docker --config <path>` so that system credential helpers
     (e.g. gcloud) don't interfere with the push token.
     """
-    auth_b64 = base64.b64encode(f"oauth2accesstoken:{token}".encode()).decode()
+    auth_b64 = base64.b64encode(f"{username}:{token}".encode()).decode()
     config_data = {"auths": {registry_host: {"auth": auth_b64}}}
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
         with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, "config.json"), "w") as f:
@@ -1166,10 +1205,37 @@ class DockerBuildCommand:
             return cls(("docker", "build"), ())
         flags: tuple[str, ...] = ("--platform", _DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM, "--load")
         if not verbose:
-            flags += ("--progress=quiet",)
+            flags += ("--progress=plain",)
         return cls(("docker", "buildx", "build"), flags)
 
 
+def _active_docker_host(runner: CommandRunner) -> str | None:
+    """Return the daemon endpoint of the user's active Docker context.
+
+    None when `DOCKER_HOST` is set, which Docker honors with any config
+    directory. Also None when the lookup fails (for example, `DOCKER_CONTEXT`
+    names a context that doesn't exist) or the context has no Docker endpoint
+    (Docker prints `<no value>`); that keeps Docker's own default in place.
+    """
+    if os.environ.get("DOCKER_HOST"):
+        return None
+    try:
+        stdout, _ = runner.run(
+            subp_exec(
+                "docker",
+                "context",
+                "inspect",
+                "--format",
+                "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}",
+                collect=True,
+            )
+        )
+    except (click.exceptions.Exit, OSError):
+        return None
+    host = (stdout or "").strip()
+    return host if "://" in host else None
+
+
 def _docker_argv(docker_config_dir: str | None) -> tuple[str, ...]:
     if docker_config_dir is None:
         return ("docker",)
@@ -1203,17 +1269,13 @@ def _push_image(
     runner: CommandRunner,
     image: str,
     *,
-    docker_config_dir: str | None,
+    docker: tuple[str, ...],
     verbose: bool,
 ) -> None:
     for attempt in range(1, _PUSH_ATTEMPTS + 1):
         try:
             with Progress(message="Pushing...", elapsed=not verbose):
-                runner.run(
-                    subp_exec(
-                        *_docker_argv(docker_config_dir), "push", image, verbose=verbose
-                    )
-                )
+                runner.run(subp_exec(*docker, "push", image, verbose=verbose))
             return
         except click.exceptions.Exit:
             if attempt == _PUSH_ATTEMPTS:
@@ -1282,21 +1344,27 @@ def _run_local_build(
             raise click.ClickException(
                 "Push token response missing token or registry_url"
             )
+        username = push_data.get("username") or _DEFAULT_REGISTRY_USERNAME
         step += 1
 
-        normalized_registry = registry_url.rstrip("/")
-        if "://" in normalized_registry:
-            normalized_registry = normalized_registry.split("//", 1)[1]
-        repo_seed = image_name or name or spec.config.parent.name
-        remote_image = str(
-            ImageReference(
-                f"{normalized_registry}/{normalize_name(repo_seed)}",
-                tag,
+        if push_data.get("repository_url"):
+            # The control plane chose the exact repository (an ECR repository
+            # is a single image name, so nothing may be appended to it).
+            repository = _strip_url_scheme(push_data["repository_url"])
+        else:
+            repo_seed = image_name or name or spec.config.parent.name
+            repository = (
+                f"{_strip_url_scheme(registry_url)}/{normalize_name(repo_seed)}"
             )
-        )
-        registry_host = normalized_registry.split("/")[0]
+        remote_image = str(ImageReference(repository, tag))
+        registry_host = repository.split("/")[0]
 
-        with _docker_config_for_token(registry_host, deployment_token) as cfg:
+        with _docker_config_for_token(registry_host, deployment_token, username) as cfg:
+            # A config directory has no current context, so Docker would fall
+            # back to /var/run/docker.sock; keep using the daemon the build used.
+            docker_host = _active_docker_host(runner)
+            host_args = ("--host", docker_host) if docker_host else ()
+            docker = (*_docker_argv(cfg), *host_args)
             _log_deploy_step(step, f"Logging into {registry_host}")
             token_input = (
                 deployment_token
@@ -1305,10 +1373,10 @@ def _run_local_build(
             )
             runner.run(
                 subp_exec(
-                    *_docker_argv(cfg),
+                    *docker,
                     "login",
                     "-u",
-                    "oauth2accesstoken",
+                    username,
                     "--password-stdin",
                     registry_host,
                     input=token_input,
@@ -1321,7 +1389,7 @@ def _run_local_build(
             runner.run(
                 subp_exec("docker", "tag", image_to_push, remote_image, verbose=verbose)
             )
-            _push_image(runner, remote_image, docker_config_dir=cfg, verbose=verbose)
+            _push_image(runner, remote_image, docker=docker, verbose=verbose)
         step += 1
 
         resolved_image = _resolve_pushed_image_digest(
@@ -1492,6 +1560,14 @@ def _resolve_or_create(
             secrets=ctx.secrets,
         )
     except HostBackendError as err:
+        if err.status_code == 400 and err.detail == (
+            "Scale to zero deployments are not supported in AWS environments"
+        ):
+            raise HostBackendError(
+                f"{err.message}\nUse --deployment-type dev instead.",
+                status_code=err.status_code,
+                detail=err.detail,
+            ) from None
         if _needs_a_listener(err):
             raise ListenerRequiredError(
                 "The image has to come from a registry you manage, so re-run with "
@@ -1544,9 +1620,9 @@ def _ensure_customer_registry_source(existing: ExistingDeployment) -> None:
     if existing.source != _CUSTOMER_REGISTRY_SOURCE:
         raise click.UsageError(
             f"Deployment {existing.id} was not created from an external image "
-            "and cannot be updated with --push-to. Run without --push-to to keep "
-            "its current build mode, or use a different --name to create a new "
-            "deployment."
+            "and cannot be updated with --push-to or --image-uri. Run without "
+            "either flag to keep its current build mode, or use a different "
+            "--name to create a new deployment."
         )
 
 
@@ -1599,10 +1675,85 @@ class RemoteBuildSource:
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
-class CustomerRegistrySource:
+class BuildAndPush:
     reference: ImageReference
     prebuilt_image: str | None
-    requested_placement: RequestedPlacement
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class PublishedImage:
+    image_uri: str
+
+
+ImageSource = BuildAndPush | PublishedImage
+
+
+def _resource_spec(image_pull_secrets: tuple[str, ...]) -> Mapping[str, object]:
+    if not image_pull_secrets:
+        return _OPERATOR_DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SPEC
+    return {
+        "image_pull_secrets": [{"name": name} for name in image_pull_secrets],
+    }
+
+
+# Mirrors the control plane's own LocalObjectReference.name validation (a
+# Kubernetes DNS subdomain), so a bad secret name is rejected here instead of
+# after a build and push.
+_K8S_SECRET_NAME_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*$"
+)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class CreateOnlySettings:
+    """Options for an external-image deployment that only apply when
+    creating one, never when updating an existing deployment."""
+
+    placement: RequestedPlacement
+    image_pull_secrets: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        for name in self.image_pull_secrets:
+            if len(name) > 253 or not _K8S_SECRET_NAME_RE.match(name):
+                raise click.UsageError(
+                    f"--image-pull-secret {name!r} is not a valid Kubernetes "
+                    "secret name (lowercase alphanumeric characters, '-', or "
+                    "'.' only, max 253 characters)."
+                )
+
+    @property
+    def requested(self) -> bool:
+        return self.placement.requested or bool(self.image_pull_secrets)
+
+    def ensure_creatable(self, push_to: str | None, image_uri: str | None) -> None:
+        if push_to is None and image_uri is None and self.requested:
+            raise click.UsageError(
+                "--listener-id, --k8s-namespace, and --image-pull-secret only "
+                "apply when creating a deployment with --push-to or --image-uri."
+            )
+
+    def ensure_not_existing(self, deployment_id: str) -> None:
+        if self.placement.requested:
+            raise click.UsageError(
+                "Listener and namespace are fixed when a deployment is "
+                f"created. Deployment {deployment_id} already exists, so "
+                "drop --listener-id and --k8s-namespace, or create a new "
+                "deployment with a different --name."
+            )
+        if self.image_pull_secrets:
+            raise click.UsageError(
+                "langgraph deploy does not update image pull secrets on an "
+                f"existing deployment. Deployment {deployment_id} already "
+                "exists, so drop --image-pull-secret and update resource_spec "
+                "through the API or the LangSmith UI instead, or create a "
+                "new deployment with a different --name."
+            )
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class CustomerRegistrySource:
+    image: ImageSource
+    create_only: CreateOnlySettings
 
     def run(self, ctx: DeployContext) -> DeployOutcome:
         if isinstance(ctx.selector, ById):
@@ -1624,7 +1775,7 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
         self, ctx: DeployContext, existing: ExistingDeployment, step: int
     ) -> DeployOutcome:
         _ensure_customer_registry_source(existing)
-        self.requested_placement.ensure_not_requested(existing.id)
+        self.create_only.ensure_not_existing(existing.id)
         image_uri, step = self._publish(ctx, step)
         _log_deploy_step(step, f"Updating deployment {existing.id}")
         updated = ctx.client.update_deployment(
@@ -1639,7 +1790,7 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
         )
 
     def _resolve_placement(self, ctx: DeployContext) -> Placement:
-        requested = self.requested_placement
+        requested = self.create_only.placement
         if requested.listener_id is not None:
             return requested.on(_requested_listener(ctx.client, requested.listener_id))
         if not (ctx.endpoints.is_cloud or requested.requested):
@@ -1668,7 +1819,9 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
                 else None,
                 source=_CUSTOMER_REGISTRY_SOURCE,
                 source_config={
-                    "resource_spec": _OPERATOR_DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SPEC,
+                    "resource_spec": _resource_spec(
+                        self.create_only.image_pull_secrets
+                    ),
                     **placement.source_config(),
                 },
                 source_revision_config={"image_uri": image_uri},
@@ -1686,16 +1839,22 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
         )
 
     def _publish(self, ctx: DeployContext, step: int) -> tuple[str, int]:
-        image = str(self.reference)
+        if isinstance(self.image, PublishedImage):
+            return self.image.image_uri, step
+        image = str(self.image.reference)
         with Runner() as runner:
-            if self.prebuilt_image:
-                _log_deploy_step(step, f"Validating image {self.prebuilt_image}")
+            if self.image.prebuilt_image:
+                _log_deploy_step(step, f"Validating image {self.image.prebuilt_image}")
                 _validate_prebuilt_image(
-                    runner, self.prebuilt_image, verbose=ctx.verbose
+                    runner, self.image.prebuilt_image, verbose=ctx.verbose
                 )
                 runner.run(
                     subp_exec(
-                        "docker", "tag", self.prebuilt_image, image, verbose=ctx.verbose
+                        "docker",
+                        "tag",
+                        self.image.prebuilt_image,
+                        image,
+                        verbose=ctx.verbose,
                     )
                 )
             else:
@@ -1703,7 +1862,7 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
                 _build_image(runner, ctx.spec, image, verbose=ctx.verbose)
             step += 1
             _log_deploy_step(step, f"Pushing image {image}")
-            _push_image(runner, image, docker_config_dir=None, verbose=ctx.verbose)
+            _push_image(runner, image, docker=_docker_argv(None), verbose=ctx.verbose)
             step += 1
             digest = _resolve_pushed_image_digest(
                 runner, remote_image=image, docker_config_dir=None, verbose=ctx.verbose
@@ -1733,26 +1892,48 @@ def _push_reference(push_to: str, tag: str | None) -> ImageReference:
     return reference.with_tag(normalize_image_tag(tag or _DEFAULT_IMAGE_TAG))
 
 
+def _validate_image_uri(image_uri: str) -> str:
+    value = image_uri.strip()
+    if not value:
+        raise click.UsageError("--image-uri must not be empty.")
+    if DIGEST_SEPARATOR not in value:
+        raise click.UsageError(
+            "--image-uri must pin a digest, e.g. "
+            f"repository{DIGEST_SEPARATOR}<sha256 hex>. Kubernetes can cache "
+            "images by tag, so redeploying a mutable tag may silently keep "
+            "running the previous image."
+        )
+    return value
+
+
 def _select_source(
     *,
     push_to: str | None,
     image: str | None,
+    image_uri: str | None,
     image_name: str | None,
     tag: str | None,
     remote_build_flag: bool | None,
     placement: RequestedPlacement,
+    image_pull_secrets: tuple[str, ...],
     selector: DeploymentSelector,
 ) -> DeploymentSource:
-    if push_to is None and placement.requested:
-        raise click.UsageError(
-            "--listener-id and --k8s-namespace only apply when creating a "
-            "deployment with --push-to."
-        )
-    if placement.requested and isinstance(selector, ById):
-        raise click.UsageError(
-            "Listener and namespace are fixed when a deployment is created, so "
-            "they cannot be set for an existing --deployment-id. Drop them, or "
-            "create a new deployment with --name."
+    create_only = CreateOnlySettings(placement, image_pull_secrets)
+    create_only.ensure_creatable(push_to, image_uri)
+    if create_only.requested and isinstance(selector, ById):
+        create_only.ensure_not_existing(selector.deployment_id)
+    if image_uri is not None:
+        if push_to is not None:
+            raise click.UsageError("--image-uri cannot be combined with --push-to.")
+        if image is not None:
+            raise click.UsageError("--image-uri cannot be combined with --image.")
+        if tag is not None:
+            raise click.UsageError("--image-uri cannot be combined with --tag.")
+        if remote_build_flag is not None:
+            raise click.UsageError("--image-uri cannot be combined with --remote.")
+        return CustomerRegistrySource(
+            image=PublishedImage(_validate_image_uri(image_uri)),
+            create_only=create_only,
         )
     if push_to is not None:
         if remote_build_flag is True:
@@ -1761,9 +1942,8 @@ def _select_source(
         if image is None:
             _require_local_docker()
         return CustomerRegistrySource(
-            reference=reference,
-            prebuilt_image=image,
-            requested_placement=placement,
+            image=BuildAndPush(reference=reference, prebuilt_image=image),
+            create_only=create_only,
         )
     if image and remote_build_flag is True:
         raise click.UsageError("--image cannot be combined with --remote builds.")
@@ -1793,7 +1973,10 @@ def _create_host_backend_client(
     host_url: str | None,
     api_key: str | None,
     env_vars: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    *,
+    no_input: bool | None = None,
 ) -> HostBackendClient:
+    effective_no_input = _no_input if no_input is None else no_input
     if env_vars is None:
         env_vars = _parse_env_from_config({}, pathlib.Path.cwd() / DEFAULT_CONFIG)
     resolved_api_key = api_key
@@ -1808,7 +1991,7 @@ def _create_host_backend_client(
                 resolved_api_key = val
                 break
     if not resolved_api_key:
-        if _no_input:
+        if effective_no_input:
             raise click.ClickException(
                 "No LangSmith API key found. Set LANGSMITH_API_KEY in the "
                 "environment or .env file."
@@ -1833,6 +2016,8 @@ def _create_host_backend_client(
 def _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
     client: HostBackendClient,
     operation: Callable[[HostBackendClient], _T],
+    *,
+    no_input: bool | None = None,
 ) -> _T:
     """Run *operation*, prompting for a workspace ID on org-scoped 403s.
 
@@ -1841,6 +2026,7 @@ def _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
     in-place so all subsequent calls through the same instance are
     tenant-aware.
     """
+    effective_no_input = _no_input if no_input is None else no_input
     prompted_for_tenant = False
 
     while True:
@@ -1852,7 +2038,7 @@ def _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
                 and err.status_code == 403
                 and "requires workspace specification" in err.message
             ):
-                if _no_input:
+                if effective_no_input:
                     raise click.ClickException(
                         "API key is org-scoped and requires a workspace ID. "
                         "Set LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID in your .env file or "
@@ -2035,11 +2221,13 @@ def _deploy_base_options(
             ),
             click.option(
                 "--deployment-type",
-                type=click.Choice(["dev", "prod"]),
-                default="dev",
+                type=click.Choice(["serverless", "dedicated", "dev", "prod"]),
+                default="serverless",
                 show_default=True,
                 help=(
-                    "Deployment type (used when creating a new deployment). "
+                    "Deployment type (used when creating a new deployment): "
+                    "serverless (scale to zero) or dedicated (prod); "
+                    "legacy dev and prod are also accepted. "
                     "Ignored with --push-to."
                 ),
             ),
@@ -2075,19 +2263,42 @@ def _deploy_base_options(
                     "Give the tag here or with --tag (default: latest)."
                 ),
             ),
+            click.option(
+                "--image-uri",
+                help=(
+                    "Deploy an image that's already in a registry you manage, "
+                    "without building, retagging, or pushing anything. For "
+                    "self-hosted and hybrid LangSmith. Give the full reference, "
+                    "e.g. 123456789.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/agents/"
+                    "my-agent:v1.2.3 or ...@sha256:<digest>. Cannot be combined "
+                    "with --push-to, --image, --tag, or --remote."
+                ),
+            ),
             click.option(
                 "--listener-id",
                 help=(
                     "Listener that will run the deployment, for workspaces that "
                     "deploy through a listener in your own cluster. Only used when "
-                    "creating a deployment with --push-to."
+                    "creating a deployment with --push-to or --image-uri."
                 ),
             ),
             click.option(
                 "--k8s-namespace",
                 help=(
                     "Kubernetes namespace the listener deploys into. Only used when "
-                    "creating a deployment with --push-to."
+                    "creating a deployment with --push-to or --image-uri."
+                ),
+            ),
+            click.option(
+                "--image-pull-secret",
+                "image_pull_secrets",
+                multiple=True,
+                help=(
+                    "Name of a Kubernetes secret (type kubernetes.io/"
+                    "dockerconfigjson) in the deployment's namespace to use for "
+                    "pulling the image from a private registry. Repeat to give "
+                    "more than one. Only used when creating a deployment with "
+                    "--push-to or --image-uri."
                 ),
             ),
             click.option(
@@ -2200,8 +2411,10 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
     image_name: str | None,
     image: str | None,
     push_to: str | None,
+    image_uri: str | None,
     listener_id: str | None,
     k8s_namespace: str | None,
+    image_pull_secrets: tuple[str, ...],
     tag: str | None,
     base_image: str | None,
     install_command: str | None,
@@ -2273,10 +2486,12 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
     source = _select_source(
         push_to=push_to,
         image=image,
+        image_uri=image_uri,
         image_name=image_name,
         tag=tag,
         remote_build_flag=remote_build_flag,
         placement=RequestedPlacement(listener_id, k8s_namespace),
+        image_pull_secrets=image_pull_secrets,
         selector=selector,
     )
 
@@ -2303,7 +2518,9 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
             ),
             verbose=verbose,
             selector=selector,
-            deployment_type=deployment_type,
+            deployment_type={"serverless": "dev_zero", "dedicated": "prod"}.get(
+                deployment_type, deployment_type
+            ),
             secrets=secrets,
             tracked_packages=tracked_packages,
         )
@@ -2408,6 +2625,53 @@ def deploy_list(
     click.echo(format_deployments_table(deployments))
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# deploy listeners
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@deploy.group(
+    "listeners",
+    cls=NestedHelpGroup,
+    help="[Beta] Inspect listeners available to this workspace.",
+)
+def deploy_listeners() -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+@OPT_HOST_API_KEY
+@OPT_HOST_URL
+@click.option(
+    "--json",
+    "json_output",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Emit the listeners as a JSON array instead of a table.",
+)
+@deploy_listeners.command(
+    "list",
+    help=(
+        "[Beta] List listeners available to this workspace.\n\n"
+        "Pass a listener's id to `langgraph deploy --push-to ... "
+        "--listener-id <id>` to deploy through it."
+    ),
+)
+def deploy_listeners_list(
+    api_key: str | None, host_url: str | None, json_output: bool
+) -> None:
+    client = _create_host_backend_client(host_url, api_key, no_input=json_output)
+    listeners = _call_host_backend_with_optional_tenant(
+        client, lambda c: c.list_listeners(), no_input=json_output
+    )
+    if json_output:
+        click.echo(json_mod.dumps(listeners))
+        return
+    if not listeners:
+        click.echo("No listeners found for this workspace.")
+        return
+    click.echo(format_listeners_table(listeners))
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # deploy revisions
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/exec.py

@@ -44,11 +44,8 @@ async def subp_exec(
     on_stdout: Callable[[str], bool | None] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
     if verbose:
-        cmd_str = f"+ {cmd} {' '.join(map(str, args))}"
-        if input:
-            print(cmd_str, " <\n", "\n".join(filter(None, input.splitlines())), sep="")
-        else:
-            print(cmd_str)
+        # Never echo stdin: it can carry secrets (docker login --password-stdin).
+        print(f"+ {cmd} {' '.join(map(str, args))}")
     if wait:
         await asyncio.sleep(wait)
 

libs/cli/langgraph_cli/host_backend.py

@@ -249,9 +249,12 @@ class HostBackendClient:
         return self._request("DELETE", f"/v2/deployments/{deployment_id}")
 
     def request_push_token(self, deployment_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        # Tells the control plane this client logs in with the returned
+        # `username` and pushes to `repository_url`. LangSmith AWS requires it.
         return self._request(
             "POST",
             f"/v2/deployments/{deployment_id}/push-token",
+            {"supports_registry_username": True},
         )
 
     def request_upload_url(self, deployment_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/cli/test_cli.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import langgraph_cli.deploy as deploy_module
 from langgraph_cli.cli import cli, prepare_args_and_stdin
 from langgraph_cli.config import Config, _get_pip_cleanup_lines, validate_config
 from langgraph_cli.docker import DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI, DockerCapabilities, Version
+from langgraph_cli.host_backend import HostBackendError
 from langgraph_cli.util import clean_empty_lines
 
 FORMATTED_CLEANUP_LINES = _get_pip_cleanup_lines(
@@ -453,6 +454,203 @@ def test_deploy_list_command_no_results(monkeypatch) -> None:
     assert result.output.strip() == "No deployments found."
 
 
+def test_deploy_listeners_list_command(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    runner = CliRunner()
+    captured: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        def __init__(self, host_url: str, api_key: str, tenant_id: str | None = None):
+            captured["host_url"] = host_url
+            captured["api_key"] = api_key
+            captured["tenant_id"] = tenant_id or ""
+
+        def list_listeners(self):
+            return [
+                {
+                    "id": "listener-1",
+                    "compute_id": "prod-cluster",
+                    "compute_config": {"k8s_namespaces": ["agents"]},
+                },
+                {
+                    "id": "listener-2",
+                    "compute_id": "multi-cluster",
+                    "compute_config": {"k8s_namespaces": ["agents", "agents-staging"]},
+                },
+            ]
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_module, "HostBackendClient", FakeClient)
+
+    result = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "deploy",
+            "listeners",
+            "list",
+            "--api-key",
+            "test-key",
+            "--host-url",
+            "https://api.example.com",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert captured == {
+        "host_url": "https://api.example.com",
+        "api_key": "test-key",
+        "tenant_id": "",
+    }
+    assert "Listener ID" in result.output
+    assert "Compute ID" in result.output
+    assert "Namespaces" in result.output
+    assert "listener-1" in result.output
+    assert "prod-cluster" in result.output
+    assert "agents, agents-staging" in result.output
+
+
+def test_deploy_listeners_list_command_no_results(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    runner = CliRunner()
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        def __init__(self, host_url: str, api_key: str, tenant_id: str | None = None):
+            pass
+
+        def list_listeners(self):
+            return []
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_module, "HostBackendClient", FakeClient)
+
+    result = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "deploy",
+            "listeners",
+            "list",
+            "--api-key",
+            "test-key",
+            "--host-url",
+            "https://api.example.com",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert result.output.strip() == "No listeners found for this workspace."
+
+
+def test_deploy_listeners_list_command_json(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    runner = CliRunner()
+
+    listeners = [
+        {
+            "id": "listener-1",
+            "compute_id": "prod-cluster",
+            "compute_config": {"k8s_namespaces": ["agents"]},
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "listener-2",
+            "compute_id": "multi-cluster",
+            "compute_config": {"k8s_namespaces": ["agents", "agents-staging"]},
+        },
+    ]
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        def __init__(self, host_url: str, api_key: str, tenant_id: str | None = None):
+            pass
+
+        def list_listeners(self):
+            return listeners
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_module, "HostBackendClient", FakeClient)
+
+    result = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "deploy",
+            "listeners",
+            "list",
+            "--json",
+            "--api-key",
+            "test-key",
+            "--host-url",
+            "https://api.example.com",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert json.loads(result.output) == listeners
+
+
+def test_deploy_listeners_list_command_json_no_results(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    runner = CliRunner()
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        def __init__(self, host_url: str, api_key: str, tenant_id: str | None = None):
+            pass
+
+        def list_listeners(self):
+            return []
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_module, "HostBackendClient", FakeClient)
+
+    result = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "deploy",
+            "listeners",
+            "list",
+            "--json",
+            "--api-key",
+            "test-key",
+            "--host-url",
+            "https://api.example.com",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert json.loads(result.output) == []
+
+
+def test_deploy_listeners_list_command_json_org_scoped_403(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    """With --json, an org-scoped 403 must raise cleanly instead of
+    prompting for a workspace ID, which would write to stdout and hang
+    waiting for input that a scripted invocation never provides."""
+    runner = CliRunner()
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        def __init__(self, host_url: str, api_key: str, tenant_id: str | None = None):
+            pass
+
+        def list_listeners(self):
+            raise HostBackendError("requires workspace specification", status_code=403)
+
+        def set_tenant(self, tenant_id: str) -> None:
+            raise AssertionError("must not retry with a prompted tenant with --json")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_module, "HostBackendClient", FakeClient)
+
+    prompt_calls = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        click, "prompt", lambda *a, **k: prompt_calls.append((a, k)) or "unreachable"
+    )
+
+    result = runner.invoke(
+        cli,
+        [
+            "deploy",
+            "listeners",
+            "list",
+            "--json",
+            "--api-key",
+            "test-key",
+            "--host-url",
+            "https://api.example.com",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert prompt_calls == [], "must not prompt interactively with --json"
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID" in result.output
+
+
 def test_deploy_revisions_list_command(monkeypatch) -> None:
     runner = CliRunner()
     captured: dict[str, str] = {}

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/cli/test_deploy_command.py

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ ARCHIVE = ("/tmp/src.tgz", 2048, "langgraph.json")
 OBJECT_PATH = "tarballs/src.tgz"
 PLATFORM_FORMAT = "{{.Os}}/{{.Architecture}}"
 DIGESTS_FORMAT = "{{json .RepoDigests}}"
+CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT = "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}"
+CONTEXT_HOST = "unix:///Users/dev/.docker/run/docker.sock"
 NOT_A_CLI_DEPLOYMENT = (
     "push token is only available for 'internal_docker' source deployments"
 )
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ class ControlPlaneDouble:
     timeline: list[str]
     existing_deployments: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
     push_token_status: int = 200
+    push_token_extra: dict = field(default_factory=dict)
     create_error: str | None = None
     listeners: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
     listeners_by_id: dict[str, dict] = field(default_factory=dict)
@@ -147,7 +150,12 @@ class ControlPlaneDouble:
             if self.push_token_status != 200:
                 return httpx.Response(self.push_token_status, text=NOT_A_CLI_DEPLOYMENT)
             return httpx.Response(
-                200, json={"token": PUSH_TOKEN, "registry_url": REGISTRY_URL}
+                200,
+                json={
+                    "token": PUSH_TOKEN,
+                    "registry_url": REGISTRY_URL,
+                    **self.push_token_extra,
+                },
             )
         if path.endswith("/upload-url"):
             return httpx.Response(
@@ -186,6 +194,8 @@ class DockerCommand:
 class DockerDouble:
     timeline: list[str]
     failing_pushes: int = 0
+    context_lookup_fails: bool = False
+    context_host: str = CONTEXT_HOST
     builds: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
     commands: list[DockerCommand] = field(default_factory=list)
 
@@ -229,6 +239,10 @@ class DockerDouble:
         if "push" in args and self.failing_pushes > 0:
             self.failing_pushes -= 1
             raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
+        if CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT in args:
+            if self.context_lookup_fails:
+                raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
+            return f"{self.context_host}\n", None
         if PLATFORM_FORMAT in args:
             return "linux/amd64\n", None
         if DIGESTS_FORMAT in args:
@@ -238,6 +252,8 @@ class DockerDouble:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _verb(args: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+        if CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT in args:
+            return "inspect-context"
         if PLATFORM_FORMAT in args:
             return "inspect-platform"
         if DIGESTS_FORMAT in args:
@@ -286,7 +302,12 @@ def deploy_project(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> DeployPro
         json.dumps({"graphs": {"agent": "agent.py:graph"}, "dependencies": ["."]})
     )
     monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
-    for name in ("LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID", "LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT", "LANGGRAPH_HOST_URL"):
+    for name in (
+        "LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID",
+        "LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT",
+        "LANGGRAPH_HOST_URL",
+        "DOCKER_HOST",
+    ):
         monkeypatch.delenv(name, raising=False)
 
     timeline: list[str] = []
@@ -323,6 +344,44 @@ def deploy_project(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> DeployPro
     return DeployProject(control_plane, docker, timeline, uploads)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("detail", "expects_dev_hint"),
+    [
+        ("Scale to zero deployments are not supported in AWS environments", True),
+        ("No eligible cluster is currently available to host this deployment.", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_create_failure_preserves_backend_error_and_only_hints_for_aws_rejection(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str, detail: str, expects_dev_hint: bool
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.create_error = detail
+
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 1, result.output
+    assert detail in result.output
+    assert ("Use --deployment-type dev instead." in result.output) is expects_dev_hint
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": "dev_zero"
+    }
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == [LIST_DEPLOYMENTS, CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+def test_aws_serverless_creation_succeeds_when_backend_accepts_it(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        build_mode, host_url="https://aws.api.host.langchain.com"
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": "dev_zero"
+    }
+
+
 def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
     deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -334,6 +393,7 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
         CREATE_DEPLOYMENT,
         "docker build",
         _push_token(CREATED_ID),
+        "docker inspect-context",
         "docker login",
         "docker tag",
         "docker push",
@@ -343,15 +403,41 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
     assert "Deployment updated" in result.output
 
 
-def test_first_local_deploy_creates_an_internal_docker_deployment(
-    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("deployment_type", "wire_type"),
+    [
+        ("serverless", "dev_zero"),
+        ("dedicated", "prod"),
+        ("dev", "dev"),
+        ("prod", "prod"),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+def test_deployment_type_aliases(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, deployment_type: str, wire_type: str, build_mode: str
 ) -> None:
-    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode, "--deployment-type", deployment_type)
 
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": wire_type
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("build_mode", "source"),
+    [("--no-remote", "internal_docker"), ("--remote", "internal_source")],
+)
+def test_first_deploy_defaults_to_serverless(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str, source: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
     assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT] == {
         "name": "my-app",
-        "source": "internal_docker",
-        "source_config": {"deployment_type": "dev"},
+        "source": source,
+        "source_config": {"deployment_type": "dev_zero"},
         "source_revision_config": {},
         "secrets": [],
     }
@@ -363,7 +449,7 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_an_internal_docker_deployment(
         pytest.param(
             "arm64",
             ("docker", "buildx", "build"),
-            ("--platform", "linux/amd64", "--load", "--progress=quiet"),
+            ("--platform", "linux/amd64", "--load", "--progress=plain"),
             id="apple_silicon_cross_builds_for_linux_amd64",
         ),
         pytest.param(
@@ -400,7 +486,7 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_control_plane_push_token(
 
     login = deploy_project.docker.command("login")
     assert login.args[:2] == ("docker", "--config")
-    assert login.args[3:] == (
+    assert login.args[-5:] == (
         "login",
         "-u",
         "oauth2accesstoken",
@@ -410,6 +496,95 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_control_plane_push_token(
     assert login.kwargs["input"] == f"{PUSH_TOKEN}\n"
 
 
+def test_local_deploy_logs_in_and_pushes_through_the_active_docker_context(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    """The temporary config has no current context, so without the active
+    context's endpoint Docker would push through /var/run/docker.sock."""
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    for verb in ("login", "push"):
+        args = deploy_project.docker.command(verb).args
+        assert args[3:5] == ("--host", CONTEXT_HOST), verb
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_leaves_an_explicit_docker_host_to_docker(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "tcp://127.0.0.1:2375")
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    for verb in ("login", "push"):
+        assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command(verb).args, verb
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_keeps_dockers_default_when_the_context_lookup_fails(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.docker.context_lookup_fails = True
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command("push").args
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_ignores_a_context_without_a_docker_endpoint(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.docker.context_host = "<no value>"
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command("push").args
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_tells_the_control_plane_it_honors_registry_usernames(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[_push_token(CREATED_ID)] == {
+        "supports_registry_username": True
+    }
+
+
+ECR_REPOSITORY = "123456789012.dkr.ecr.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/lsd/agent-1"
+ECR_PUSH_TOKEN_FIELDS = {"username": "AWS", "repository_url": ECR_REPOSITORY}
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_username_the_control_plane_returns(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.push_token_extra = ECR_PUSH_TOKEN_FIELDS
+
+    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    login = deploy_project.docker.command("login")
+    assert login.args[-5:] == (
+        "login",
+        "-u",
+        "AWS",
+        "--password-stdin",
+        "123456789012.dkr.ecr.us-east-2.amazonaws.com",
+    )
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_pushes_to_exactly_the_returned_repository(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.push_token_extra = ECR_PUSH_TOKEN_FIELDS
+
+    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    tag = deploy_project.docker.command("tag")
+    assert tag.args[-1] == f"{ECR_REPOSITORY}:latest"
+
+
 def test_local_deploy_tags_the_build_into_the_token_registry(
     deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -458,6 +633,7 @@ def test_prebuilt_image_is_validated_and_pushed_without_a_build(
     assert deploy_project.docker.builds == []
     assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == [
         "docker inspect-platform",
+        "docker inspect-context",
         "docker login",
         "docker tag",
         "docker push",
@@ -695,6 +871,106 @@ def test_push_to_with_deployment_id_fetches_the_deployment_once(
     ]
 
 
+def test_image_uri_creates_an_external_deployment_without_any_docker_work(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == [LIST_DEPLOYMENTS, CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT][
+        "source_revision_config"
+    ] == {"image_uri": EXTERNAL_DIGEST}
+
+
+def test_image_uri_updates_an_existing_external_deployment_without_any_docker_work(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.existing_deployments = [
+        {"id": "dep-ext", "name": "my-app", "source": "external_docker"}
+    ]
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == [LIST_DEPLOYMENTS, _patch("dep-ext")]
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[_patch("dep-ext")] == {
+        "source_revision_config": {"image_uri": EXTERNAL_DIGEST},
+        "secrets": [],
+        "tracked_packages": TRACKED_PACKAGES,
+    }
+
+
+def test_image_uri_places_a_new_deployment_on_the_only_listener(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.listeners = [LISTENER]
+
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        "--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, host_url=CLOUD_CONTROL_PLANE_URL
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "resource_spec": {},
+        "listener_id": LISTENER_ID,
+        "listener_config": {"k8s_namespace": "agents"},
+    }
+
+
+def test_image_uri_rejects_a_non_external_deployment_before_any_docker_work(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.existing_deployments = [
+        {"id": "dep-cli", "name": "my-app", "source": "internal_docker"}
+    ]
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST)
+
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "cannot be updated with --push-to or --image-uri" in result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("args", "message"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            ("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, "--push-to", PUSH_REPOSITORY),
+            "--image-uri cannot be combined with --push-to.",
+            id="with_push_to",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            ("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, "--image", "local/app:dev"),
+            "--image-uri cannot be combined with --image.",
+            id="with_image",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            ("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, "--tag", "v2"),
+            "--image-uri cannot be combined with --tag.",
+            id="with_tag",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            ("--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, "--remote"),
+            "--image-uri cannot be combined with --remote.",
+            id="with_remote",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_image_uri_conflicting_flags_are_rejected_before_any_docker_work(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, args: tuple[str, ...], message: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(*args)
+
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert message in result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == []
+
+
 def test_invalid_tag_fails_before_any_control_plane_call(
     deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -818,6 +1094,100 @@ def test_self_hosted_control_plane_places_when_asked(
     }
 
 
+def test_image_pull_secret_is_included_in_resource_spec_on_create(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        "--push-to",
+        PUSH_REPOSITORY,
+        "--image-pull-secret",
+        "regcred",
+        "--image-pull-secret",
+        "other-secret",
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "resource_spec": {
+            "image_pull_secrets": [
+                {"name": "regcred"},
+                {"name": "other-secret"},
+            ],
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def test_image_pull_secret_works_with_image_uri_too(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        "--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, "--image-pull-secret", "regcred"
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "resource_spec": {"image_pull_secrets": [{"name": "regcred"}]},
+    }
+
+
+def test_image_pull_secret_without_push_to_or_image_uri_is_refused(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run("--image-pull-secret", "regcred")
+
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "only apply when creating a deployment with --push-to" in result.output
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == []
+
+
+def test_an_invalid_image_pull_secret_name_is_rejected_before_any_docker_work(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        "--push-to", PUSH_REPOSITORY, "--image-pull-secret", "Not_Valid!"
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "not a valid Kubernetes" in result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == []
+
+
+def test_image_pull_secret_cannot_update_an_existing_deployment(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        "--deployment-id",
+        "dep-1",
+        "--push-to",
+        PUSH_REPOSITORY,
+        "--image-pull-secret",
+        "regcred",
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "--image-pull-secret" in result.output
+    assert "dep-1" in result.output
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == []
+
+
+def test_image_pull_secret_cannot_update_a_deployment_found_by_name(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.existing_deployments = [
+        {"id": "dep-ext", "name": "my-app", "source": "external_docker"}
+    ]
+
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        "--image-uri", EXTERNAL_DIGEST, "--image-pull-secret", "regcred"
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code != 0
+    assert "--image-pull-secret" in result.output
+    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == []
+    assert _patch("dep-ext") not in deploy_project.timeline
+
+
 def test_updating_a_deployment_never_looks_up_listeners(
     deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_deploy_helpers.py

@@ -13,14 +13,17 @@ import pytest
 
 import langgraph_cli.deploy as deploy_mod
 from langgraph_cli.deploy import (
+    BuildAndPush,
     ById,
     ByName,
+    CreateOnlySettings,
     CustomerRegistrySource,
     DockerBuildCommand,
     ExistingDeployment,
     Listener,
     ManagedRegistrySource,
     OnListener,
+    PublishedImage,
     RemoteBuildSource,
     RequestedPlacement,
     Unplaced,
@@ -32,6 +35,7 @@ from langgraph_cli.deploy import (
     _parse_env_from_config,
     _resolve_env_path,
     _resolve_pushed_image_digest,
+    _resource_spec,
     _select_source,
     _validate_prebuilt_image,
     find_deployment_by_name,
@@ -44,7 +48,9 @@ from langgraph_cli.image_reference import ImageReference
 
 class TestDockerConfigForToken:
     def test_creates_config_json(self):
-        with _docker_config_for_token("us-docker.pkg.dev", "my-token") as cfg:
+        with _docker_config_for_token(
+            "us-docker.pkg.dev", "my-token", "oauth2accesstoken"
+        ) as cfg:
             config_path = os.path.join(cfg, "config.json")
             assert os.path.isfile(config_path)
             with open(config_path) as f:
@@ -52,13 +58,26 @@ class TestDockerConfigForToken:
             expected_auth = base64.b64encode(b"oauth2accesstoken:my-token").decode()
             assert data == {"auths": {"us-docker.pkg.dev": {"auth": expected_auth}}}
 
+    def test_uses_the_given_username(self):
+        with _docker_config_for_token(
+            "123456789012.dkr.ecr.us-east-2.amazonaws.com", "ecr-password", "AWS"
+        ) as cfg:
+            with open(os.path.join(cfg, "config.json")) as f:
+                data = json.load(f)
+        expected_auth = base64.b64encode(b"AWS:ecr-password").decode()
+        assert data["auths"]["123456789012.dkr.ecr.us-east-2.amazonaws.com"] == {
+            "auth": expected_auth
+        }
+
     def test_tempdir_cleaned_up(self):
-        with _docker_config_for_token("registry.example.com", "tok") as cfg:
+        with _docker_config_for_token(
+            "registry.example.com", "tok", "oauth2accesstoken"
+        ) as cfg:
             assert os.path.isdir(cfg)
         assert not os.path.exists(cfg)
 
     def test_different_registries(self):
-        with _docker_config_for_token("gcr.io", "token123") as cfg:
+        with _docker_config_for_token("gcr.io", "token123", "oauth2accesstoken") as cfg:
             with open(os.path.join(cfg, "config.json")) as f:
                 data = json.load(f)
             assert "gcr.io" in data["auths"]
@@ -591,9 +610,9 @@ class TestDockerBuildCommand:
                 False,
                 DockerBuildCommand(
                     ("docker", "buildx", "build"),
-                    ("--platform", "linux/amd64", "--load", "--progress=quiet"),
+                    ("--platform", "linux/amd64", "--load", "--progress=plain"),
                 ),
-                id="other_hosts_cross_build_quietly",
+                id="other_hosts_capture_plain_build_logs",
             ),
             pytest.param(
                 "arm64",
@@ -614,10 +633,12 @@ class TestSelectSource:
     OPTIONS = {
         "push_to": None,
         "image": None,
+        "image_uri": None,
         "image_name": None,
         "tag": None,
         "remote_build_flag": None,
         "placement": RequestedPlacement(),
+        "image_pull_secrets": (),
         "selector": ByName("my-app"),
     }
     REPOSITORY = "registry.example.com/app"
@@ -629,9 +650,11 @@ class TestSelectSource:
                 {"push_to": REPOSITORY},
                 True,
                 CustomerRegistrySource(
-                    reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
-                    prebuilt_image=None,
-                    requested_placement=RequestedPlacement(),
+                    image=BuildAndPush(
+                        reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
+                        prebuilt_image=None,
+                    ),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement()),
                 ),
                 id="push_to_selects_the_external_source_with_the_default_tag",
             ),
@@ -639,9 +662,11 @@ class TestSelectSource:
                 {"push_to": f"{REPOSITORY}:v2"},
                 True,
                 CustomerRegistrySource(
-                    reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "v2"),
-                    prebuilt_image=None,
-                    requested_placement=RequestedPlacement(),
+                    image=BuildAndPush(
+                        reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "v2"),
+                        prebuilt_image=None,
+                    ),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement()),
                 ),
                 id="push_to_keeps_a_tag_given_in_the_reference",
             ),
@@ -649,9 +674,11 @@ class TestSelectSource:
                 {"push_to": REPOSITORY, "tag": "v3"},
                 True,
                 CustomerRegistrySource(
-                    reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "v3"),
-                    prebuilt_image=None,
-                    requested_placement=RequestedPlacement(),
+                    image=BuildAndPush(
+                        reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "v3"),
+                        prebuilt_image=None,
+                    ),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement()),
                 ),
                 id="tag_flag_composes_with_push_to",
             ),
@@ -659,9 +686,11 @@ class TestSelectSource:
                 {"push_to": REPOSITORY, "image": "app:dev"},
                 False,
                 CustomerRegistrySource(
-                    reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
-                    prebuilt_image="app:dev",
-                    requested_placement=RequestedPlacement(),
+                    image=BuildAndPush(
+                        reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
+                        prebuilt_image="app:dev",
+                    ),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement()),
                 ),
                 id="prebuilt_image_is_retagged_for_push_to_without_docker_checks",
             ),
@@ -672,12 +701,65 @@ class TestSelectSource:
                 },
                 True,
                 CustomerRegistrySource(
-                    reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
-                    prebuilt_image=None,
-                    requested_placement=RequestedPlacement("listener-1", "agents"),
+                    image=BuildAndPush(
+                        reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
+                        prebuilt_image=None,
+                    ),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(
+                        RequestedPlacement("listener-1", "agents")
+                    ),
                 ),
                 id="push_to_carries_the_requested_placement",
             ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {
+                    "push_to": REPOSITORY,
+                    "image_pull_secrets": ("regcred", "other-secret"),
+                },
+                True,
+                CustomerRegistrySource(
+                    image=BuildAndPush(
+                        reference=ImageReference(REPOSITORY, "latest"),
+                        prebuilt_image=None,
+                    ),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(
+                        RequestedPlacement(), ("regcred", "other-secret")
+                    ),
+                ),
+                id="push_to_carries_the_image_pull_secrets",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": f"{REPOSITORY}@sha256:abc123"},
+                True,
+                CustomerRegistrySource(
+                    image=PublishedImage(f"{REPOSITORY}@sha256:abc123"),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement()),
+                ),
+                id="image_uri_selects_the_published_image_source_by_digest",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": f"  {REPOSITORY}@sha256:abc123  "},
+                False,
+                CustomerRegistrySource(
+                    image=PublishedImage(f"{REPOSITORY}@sha256:abc123"),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement()),
+                ),
+                id="image_uri_needs_no_local_docker_and_is_trimmed",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {
+                    "image_uri": f"{REPOSITORY}@sha256:abc123",
+                    "placement": RequestedPlacement("listener-1", "agents"),
+                },
+                False,
+                CustomerRegistrySource(
+                    image=PublishedImage(f"{REPOSITORY}@sha256:abc123"),
+                    create_only=CreateOnlySettings(
+                        RequestedPlacement("listener-1", "agents")
+                    ),
+                ),
+                id="image_uri_carries_the_requested_placement",
+            ),
             pytest.param(
                 {"remote_build_flag": True},
                 True,
@@ -763,6 +845,51 @@ class TestSelectSource:
                 "only apply when creating a deployment with --push-to",
                 id="namespace_without_push_to",
             ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_pull_secrets": ("regcred",)},
+                "only apply when creating a deployment with --push-to",
+                id="image_pull_secret_without_push_to",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": REPOSITORY, "push_to": REPOSITORY},
+                "--image-uri cannot be combined with --push-to.",
+                id="image_uri_with_push_to",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": REPOSITORY, "image": "app:dev"},
+                "--image-uri cannot be combined with --image.",
+                id="image_uri_with_image",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": REPOSITORY, "tag": "v2"},
+                "--image-uri cannot be combined with --tag.",
+                id="image_uri_with_tag",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": REPOSITORY, "remote_build_flag": True},
+                "--image-uri cannot be combined with --remote.",
+                id="image_uri_with_remote",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": ""},
+                "--image-uri must not be empty.",
+                id="image_uri_empty",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": "   "},
+                "--image-uri must not be empty.",
+                id="image_uri_blank",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": f"{REPOSITORY}:v1.2.3"},
+                "--image-uri must pin a digest",
+                id="image_uri_with_a_mutable_tag",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                {"image_uri": REPOSITORY},
+                "--image-uri must pin a digest",
+                id="image_uri_without_any_tag_or_digest",
+            ),
         ],
     )
     def test_conflicting_flags_are_rejected(self, monkeypatch, flags, message):
@@ -1160,18 +1287,86 @@ def test_a_deployment_id_with_listener_flags_is_refused_without_probing_docker(
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_mod, "can_build_locally", explode)
 
-    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError, match="--deployment-id"):
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError, match="dep-1"):
         _select_source(
             push_to="registry.example.com/app",
             image=None,
+            image_uri=None,
             image_name=None,
             tag=None,
             remote_build_flag=None,
             placement=RequestedPlacement(listener_id="listener-1"),
+            image_pull_secrets=(),
             selector=ById("dep-1"),
         )
 
 
+def test_a_deployment_id_with_image_pull_secrets_is_refused_without_probing_docker(
+    monkeypatch,
+):
+    def explode() -> tuple[bool, str | None]:
+        raise AssertionError("docker must not be probed for an argv-only conflict")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(deploy_mod, "can_build_locally", explode)
+
+    with pytest.raises(click.UsageError, match="dep-1"):
+        _select_source(
+            push_to="registry.example.com/app",
+            image=None,
+            image_uri=None,
+            image_name=None,
+            tag=None,
+            remote_build_flag=None,
+            placement=RequestedPlacement(),
+            image_pull_secrets=("regcred",),
+            selector=ById("dep-1"),
+        )
+
+
+class TestResourceSpec:
+    def test_no_secrets_keeps_the_operator_default(self):
+        assert _resource_spec(()) == {}
+
+    def test_secrets_become_local_object_references_in_order(self):
+        assert _resource_spec(("regcred", "other-secret")) == {
+            "image_pull_secrets": [
+                {"name": "regcred"},
+                {"name": "other-secret"},
+            ],
+        }
+
+
+class TestCreateOnlySettings:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "name",
+        [
+            pytest.param("Bad_Name", id="uppercase_and_underscore"),
+            pytest.param("", id="empty"),
+            pytest.param("-leading-hyphen", id="leading_hyphen"),
+            pytest.param("a" * 254, id="too_long"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_an_invalid_secret_name_is_rejected_up_front(self, name):
+        with pytest.raises(click.UsageError, match="not a valid Kubernetes"):
+            CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement(), (name,))
+
+    def test_a_valid_secret_name_is_accepted(self):
+        CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement(), ("regcred-1.example",))
+
+    def test_ensure_not_existing_mentions_the_api_and_ui_for_pull_secrets(self):
+        settings = CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement(), ("regcred",))
+        with pytest.raises(click.UsageError, match="API or the LangSmith UI"):
+            settings.ensure_not_existing("dep-1")
+
+    def test_ensure_not_existing_keeps_the_placement_message_unchanged(self):
+        settings = CreateOnlySettings(RequestedPlacement(listener_id="listener-1"))
+        with pytest.raises(
+            click.UsageError,
+            match="Listener and namespace are fixed when a deployment is created",
+        ):
+            settings.ensure_not_existing("dep-1")
+
+
 class TestPlacementOnAKnownListener:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         ("request_", "listener", "expected"),

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_exec.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import sys
+
+from langgraph_cli.exec import subp_exec
+
+
+async def test_verbose_prints_command_but_not_stdin(capsys):
+    await subp_exec(
+        sys.executable,
+        "-c",
+        "import sys; sys.stdin.read()",
+        input="registry-push-token\n",
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert out.startswith(f"+ {sys.executable} -c"), out
+    assert "registry-push-token" not in out, out

libs/cli/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from unittest.mock import patch
 from langgraph_cli.deploy import (
     _extract_deployment_url,
     format_deployments_table,
+    format_listeners_table,
     format_revisions_table,
 )
 from langgraph_cli.util import clean_empty_lines, warn_non_wolfi_distro
@@ -255,3 +256,34 @@ def test_format_revisions_table():
     assert "rev-456" in output
     assert "rev-789" in output
     assert "REPLACED" in output
+
+
+def test_format_listeners_table():
+    output = format_listeners_table(
+        [
+            {
+                "id": "listener-1",
+                "compute_id": "prod-cluster",
+                "compute_config": {"k8s_namespaces": ["agents"]},
+            },
+            {
+                "id": "listener-2",
+                "compute_id": "multi-cluster",
+                "compute_config": {"k8s_namespaces": ["agents", "agents-staging"]},
+            },
+            {
+                "id": "listener-3",
+                "compute_id": "broken-cluster",
+            },
+        ]
+    )
+    assert "Listener ID" in output
+    assert "Compute ID" in output
+    assert "Namespaces" in output
+    assert "listener-1" in output
+    assert "prod-cluster" in output
+    assert "agents" in output
+    assert "listener-2" in output
+    assert "agents, agents-staging" in output
+    assert "listener-3" in output
+    assert "broken-cluster" in output

libs/cli/uv-examples/monorepo/uv.lock

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 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/langgraph/Makefile

@@ -43,14 +43,31 @@ start-services:
 stop-services:
 	docker compose -f tests/compose-postgres.yml -f tests/compose-redis.yml down -v
 
+DEV_SERVER_PYTHON ?= 3.12
+DEV_SERVER_ENV = $(CURDIR)/.venvs/dev-server
+
 start-dev-server:
-	LOG_LEVEL=warning uv run langgraph dev --config tests/example_app/langgraph.json --no-browser & echo "$$!" > .devserver.pid
-	@echo "Dev server started."
+	uv sync --frozen --group test --no-dev
+	UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=$(DEV_SERVER_ENV) uv sync --frozen --group test --no-dev --python $(DEV_SERVER_PYTHON)
+	@LOG_LEVEL=warning UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=$(DEV_SERVER_ENV) uv run --no-sync --python $(DEV_SERVER_PYTHON) langgraph dev --config tests/example_app/langgraph.json --no-browser --no-reload & \
+	PID=$$!; echo "$$PID" > .devserver.pid; \
+	for ATTEMPT in $$(seq 1 60); do \
+		if ! kill -0 $$PID 2>/dev/null; then break; fi; \
+		if curl --fail --silent --max-time 1 http://localhost:2024/ok >/dev/null; then \
+			echo "Dev server ready."; exit 0; \
+		fi; \
+		sleep 1; \
+	done; \
+	echo "Dev server failed to become ready." >&2; \
+	kill $$PID 2>/dev/null || true; \
+	wait $$PID 2>/dev/null || true; \
+	rm -f .devserver.pid; exit 1
 
 stop-dev-server:
 	@if [ -f .devserver.pid ]; then \
-		kill `cat .devserver.pid` && rm .devserver.pid; \
-		 echo "Dev server stopped."; \
+		kill $$(cat .devserver.pid) 2>/dev/null || true; \
+		rm -f .devserver.pid; \
+		echo "Dev server stopped."; \
 	else \
 		echo "No dev server PID file found."; \
 	fi
@@ -60,13 +77,12 @@ NO_DOCKER ?= $(sh command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "false" || echo "tru
 
 test:
 	if [ "$(NO_DOCKER)" = "false" ]; then \
-		make start-services &&\
-		make start-dev-server &&\
-		uv run pytest $(TEST); \
-		EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-		make stop-services; \
-		make stop-dev-server; \
-		exit $$EXIT_CODE; \
+		trap '$(MAKE) stop-dev-server; $(MAKE) stop-services' EXIT; \
+		trap 'exit 130' INT; trap 'exit 143' TERM; \
+		$(MAKE) start-services &&\
+		$(MAKE) start-dev-server &&\
+		uv run --no-sync pytest $(TEST); \
+		exit $$?; \
 	else \
 		NO_DOCKER=true uv run pytest $(TEST) ; \
 		EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
@@ -74,13 +90,12 @@ test:
 	fi
 
 test_parallel:
-	make start-services &&\
-	make start-dev-server &&\
-	uv run pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST) -vv --lf; \
-	EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-	make stop-services; \
-	make stop-dev-server; \
-	exit $$EXIT_CODE
+	trap '$(MAKE) stop-dev-server; $(MAKE) stop-services' EXIT; \
+	trap 'exit 130' INT; trap 'exit 143' TERM; \
+	$(MAKE) start-services &&\
+	$(MAKE) start-dev-server &&\
+	uv run --no-sync pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST) -vv --lf; \
+	exit $$?
 
 integration_tests:
 	uv run pytest integration_tests

libs/langgraph/langgraph/channels/binop.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import collections.abc
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from typing import Any, Generic
 
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
 from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Required, Self
 
 from langgraph._internal._constants import OVERWRITE
@@ -116,6 +117,9 @@ class BinaryOperatorAggregate(Generic[Value], BaseChannel[Value, Value, Value]):
     def from_checkpoint(self, checkpoint: Value) -> Self:
         empty = self.__class__(self.typ, self.operator)
         empty.key = self.key
+        # A thread written while this field was a DeltaChannel stores snapshots.
+        if isinstance(checkpoint, _DeltaSnapshot):
+            checkpoint = checkpoint.value
         if checkpoint is not MISSING:
             empty.value = checkpoint
         return empty

libs/langgraph/langgraph/errors.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ __all__ = (
     "ParentCommand",
     "EmptyInputError",
     "TaskNotFound",
+    "is_invalid_resume",
 )
 
 
@@ -239,3 +240,21 @@ class NodeTimeoutError(Exception):
         self.kind = kind
         self.idle_timeout = idle_timeout
         self.run_timeout = run_timeout
+
+
+_INVALID_RESUME = "_langgraph_invalid_resume"
+
+
+def _mark_invalid_resume(error: BaseException) -> None:
+    setattr(error, _INVALID_RESUME, True)
+
+
+def is_invalid_resume(error: BaseException) -> bool:
+    """Whether `error` was raised because a resume value didn't match `response_schema`.
+
+    `interrupt()` raises a `pydantic.ValidationError` in that case. `ToolNode` uses
+    this to tell it apart from invalid tool arguments when a tool calls `interrupt()`
+    or runs a graph that does, so the resume fails and the interrupt can be answered
+    again.
+    """
+    return getattr(error, _INVALID_RESUME, False) is True

libs/langgraph/langgraph/graph/message.py

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ from typing_extensions import TypedDict, deprecated
 
 from langgraph._internal._constants import CONF, CONFIG_KEY_SEND, NS_SEP
 from langgraph.graph.state import StateGraph
+from langgraph.pregel._messages import (
+    _messages_delta_reducer as _messages_delta_reducer,
+)
 from langgraph.warnings import LangGraphDeprecatedSinceV10
 
 __all__ = (
@@ -244,71 +247,6 @@ def add_messages(
     return merged
 
 
-def _messages_delta_reducer(
-    state: list[AnyMessage], writes: list[list[AnyMessage]]
-) -> list[AnyMessage]:
-    """**Experimental.** Batch reducer for use with `DeltaChannel`.
-
-    Processes all writes in one pass — dedup by ID, `RemoveMessage`
-    tombstoning — without calling `add_messages`.
-
-    This reducer is batching-invariant, as required by `DeltaChannel`:
-    `reducer(reducer(state, xs), ys) == reducer(state, xs + ys)`.
-
-    Raw dict / string / tuple inputs are coerced to typed `BaseMessage`
-    objects so that HTTP-driven graphs work without a separate coercion
-    step. This is not full `add_messages` parity — `REMOVE_ALL_MESSAGES`,
-    unknown-id `RemoveMessage` errors, missing-id UUID assignment, and
-    `BaseMessageChunk` conversion are not handled here.
-
-    Example::
-
-        from typing import Annotated
-        from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
-        from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
-
-        class State(TypedDict):
-            messages: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer)]
-    """
-
-    # Each write is either a list of message-likes or a single message-like
-    # (BaseMessage / dict / str / tuple). Only lists flatten; everything
-    # else is one message.
-    flat: list[Any] = []
-    for w in writes:
-        if isinstance(w, list):
-            flat.extend(w)
-        else:
-            flat.append(w)
-    # Steady state: the reducer's own output is already typed, so skip
-    # `convert_to_messages` on state when the first element is a BaseMessage.
-    # Only raw input (initial dicts, deserialized blobs) hits the slow path.
-    if state and isinstance(state[0], BaseMessage):
-        state_msgs = state
-    else:
-        state_msgs = cast("list[AnyMessage]", convert_to_messages(state))
-    msgs = cast("list[AnyMessage]", convert_to_messages(flat))
-
-    index: dict[str, int] = {
-        m.id: i for i, m in enumerate(state_msgs) if m.id is not None
-    }
-    result: list[AnyMessage | None] = list(state_msgs)
-    for msg in msgs:
-        mid = msg.id
-        if mid is None:
-            result.append(msg)
-        elif isinstance(msg, RemoveMessage):
-            if mid in index:
-                result[index[mid]] = None
-                del index[mid]
-        elif mid in index:
-            result[index[mid]] = msg
-        else:
-            index[mid] = len(result)
-            result.append(msg)
-    return [m for m in result if m is not None]
-
-
 @deprecated(
     "MessageGraph is deprecated in langgraph 1.0.0, to be removed in 2.0.0. Please use StateGraph with a `messages` key instead.",
     category=None,

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_algo.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     Checkpoint,
     PendingWrite,
     V,
+    writes_sort_key,
 )
 from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore
 from xxhash import xxh3_128_hexdigest
@@ -251,9 +252,7 @@ def apply_writes(
         Set of channels that were updated in this step.
     """
     # sort tasks on path, to ensure deterministic order for update application
-    # any path parts after the 3rd are ignored for sorting
-    # (we use them for eg. task ids which aren't good for sorting)
-    tasks = sorted(tasks, key=lambda t: task_path_str(t.path[:3]))
+    tasks = sorted(tasks, key=lambda t: writes_sort_key(task_path_str(t.path)))
     # if no task has triggers this is applying writes from the null task only
     # so we don't do anything other than update the channels written to
     bump_step = any(t.triggers for t in tasks)

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_checkpoint.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import uuid
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from inspect import signature
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.base import (
     ChannelVersions,
     Checkpoint,
     CheckpointTuple,
+    DeltaChannelHistory,
     PendingWrite,
 )
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base.id import uuid6
@@ -25,11 +27,13 @@ from langgraph._internal._constants import (
     CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID,
     NS_END,
     NS_SEP,
+    NULL_TASK_ID,
     PUSH,
     SNAPSHOT_BUMPS,
 )
 from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
 from langgraph.channels.base import BaseChannel
+from langgraph.channels.binop import BinaryOperatorAggregate, _get_overwrite
 from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
 from langgraph.managed.base import ManagedValueMapping, ManagedValueSpec
 
@@ -49,15 +53,38 @@ def empty_checkpoint() -> Checkpoint:
     )
 
 
+def put_writes_accepts_task_path(put_writes: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool:
+    """Whether a saver's `put_writes` or `aput_writes` takes `task_path`.
+
+    Savers written before the parameter existed don't, so it is passed only
+    when this is true.
+    """
+    return signature(put_writes).parameters.get("task_path") is not None
+
+
 def exit_delta_task_id(step: int, task_id: str) -> str:
     """Synthetic task id for exit-mode DeltaChannel writes.
 
     Embeds the superstep in the first UUID group so `ORDER BY task_id, idx`
     preserves chronological order while remaining a valid RFC UUID (required by
-    Postgres `checkpoint_writes.task_id uuid` columns).
+    Postgres `checkpoint_writes.task_id uuid` columns). Never `NULL_TASK_ID`:
+    readers apply writes under it as the anchor checkpoint's own pending writes.
     """
     parts = str(uuid.UUID(task_id)).split("-")
-    return f"{step:08d}-{parts[1]}-{parts[2]}-{parts[3]}-{parts[4]}"
+    synthetic = f"{step:08d}-{parts[1]}-{parts[2]}-{parts[3]}-{parts[4]}"
+    if synthetic == NULL_TASK_ID:
+        return f"{step:08d}-0000-0000-0000-000000000001"
+    return synthetic
+
+
+def exit_delta_late_task_id(step: int, task_id: str) -> str:
+    """Synthetic task id for exit-mode writes of a superstep after the anchor's own.
+
+    Sorts after every real task id, in step order, so replay keeps them after
+    the anchor's own superstep whether a saver orders by task path or task id.
+    """
+    parts = str(uuid.UUID(task_id)).split("-")
+    return f"ffffffff-{step >> 16:04x}-{step & 0xFFFF:04x}-{parts[3]}-{parts[4]}"
 
 
 def delta_channels_to_snapshot(
@@ -127,6 +154,23 @@ def delta_channels_with_pending_writes(
     }
 
 
+def delta_channels_overwritten(
+    specs: Mapping[str, Any], writes: Iterable[tuple[str, Any]]
+) -> set[str]:
+    """Return the names of the DeltaChannels that `writes` set with an `Overwrite`.
+
+    `update_state` saves a full snapshot of these channels in the checkpoint it
+    creates, like the loop does when a node returns an `Overwrite`. Otherwise,
+    reading the channel later starts from an older snapshot and replays the
+    writes the `Overwrite` threw away.
+    """
+    return {
+        ch
+        for ch, value in writes
+        if isinstance(specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel) and _get_overwrite(value)[0]
+    }
+
+
 def checkpoint_superseded(
     saver: BaseCheckpointSaver, config: RunnableConfig, saved: CheckpointTuple
 ) -> bool:
@@ -231,6 +275,7 @@ def create_checkpoint(
     get_next_version: GetNextVersion | None = None,
     channels_to_snapshot: set[str] | None = None,
     stored_versions: ChannelVersions | None = None,
+    trigger_to_nodes: Mapping[str, Sequence[str]] | None = None,
 ) -> Checkpoint:
     """Build a new Checkpoint from the previous one and live channel state.
 
@@ -289,7 +334,9 @@ def create_checkpoint(
         id=id or str(uuid6(clock_seq=step)),
         channel_values=values,
         channel_versions=channel_versions,
-        versions_seen=_mark_bumps_seen(checkpoint["versions_seen"], bumped),
+        versions_seen=_mark_bumps_seen(
+            checkpoint["versions_seen"], bumped, trigger_to_nodes or {}
+        ),
         updated_channels=None if updated_channels is None else sorted(updated_channels),
     )
 
@@ -297,19 +344,27 @@ def create_checkpoint(
 def _mark_bumps_seen(
     versions_seen: dict[str, ChannelVersions],
     bumped: Mapping[str, tuple[Any, Any]],
+    trigger_to_nodes: Mapping[str, Sequence[str]],
 ) -> dict[str, ChannelVersions]:
     """Advance whoever had seen a bumped channel's old version to the new one.
 
     A bump that only stores a snapshot is not a write. Left unseen, it would
-    re-fire `interrupt_before` and rerun the channel's subscribers. For each
-    entry it advances, `SNAPSHOT_BUMPS` keeps the new version and the one the
-    node really read, so `versions_seen_without_bumps` can put the read back.
+    re-fire `interrupt_before` and rerun the channel's subscribers. A channel
+    bumped from no version was never written, so it also goes to the
+    subscribers that never ran: they have no entry, and would start on the bump.
+    For each entry it advances, `SNAPSHOT_BUMPS` keeps the new version and the
+    one the node really read, so `versions_seen_without_bumps` can put the read
+    back.
     """
     if not bumped:
         return versions_seen
     out = dict(versions_seen)
+    for k, (old, _) in bumped.items():
+        if old is None:
+            for node in trigger_to_nodes.get(k, ()):
+                out.setdefault(node, {})
     marks = dict(versions_seen.get(SNAPSHOT_BUMPS, {}))
-    for node, seen in versions_seen.items():
+    for node, seen in out.items():
         if node == SNAPSHOT_BUMPS:
             continue
         for k, (old, new) in bumped.items():
@@ -355,23 +410,39 @@ def versions_seen_without_bumps(
 def _delta_channels_to_replay(
     specs: Mapping[str, BaseChannel], checkpoint: Checkpoint
 ) -> list[str]:
-    """DeltaChannels whose value at `checkpoint` the ancestor walk rebuilds.
+    """Channels whose value at `checkpoint` the ancestor walk rebuilds.
 
     A `_DeltaSnapshot` blob or a plain value (migration) resolves directly via
     `from_checkpoint`, so only a channel with nothing stored here needs the
     walk. A channel with no version was never written, so it is empty without
     one; a walk for it would find no snapshot to stop at and read every
     ancestor, every time the thread is loaded.
+
+    A `BinaryOperatorAggregate` stores its value at every version, so one with
+    nothing stored was written as a `DeltaChannel` before its annotation
+    changed, and is rebuilt the same way.
     """
     return [
         k
         for k, spec in specs.items()
-        if isinstance(spec, DeltaChannel)
+        if isinstance(spec, (DeltaChannel, BinaryOperatorAggregate))
         and k in checkpoint["channel_versions"]
         and checkpoint["channel_values"].get(k, MISSING) is MISSING
     ]
 
 
+def _replay(spec: BaseChannel, history: DeltaChannelHistory) -> BaseChannel:
+    ch = spec.from_checkpoint(history.get("seed", MISSING))
+    if isinstance(ch, DeltaChannel):
+        ch.replay_writes(history["writes"])
+    else:
+        # One update per write: the writes span many supersteps, and a single
+        # call would reject a second Overwrite and drop the writes after one.
+        for _, _, value in history["writes"]:
+            ch.update([value])
+    return ch
+
+
 def _require_saver_for_history(
     delta_channels: list[str],
     saver: BaseCheckpointSaver | None,
@@ -411,7 +482,7 @@ def channels_from_checkpoint(
 
     delta_channels = _delta_channels_to_replay(channel_specs, checkpoint)
     _require_saver_for_history(delta_channels, saver, config)
-    histories: Mapping[str, Any] = {}
+    histories: Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory] = {}
     if delta_channels and saver is not None and config is not None:
         histories = saver.get_delta_channel_history(
             config=config, channels=delta_channels
@@ -421,11 +492,7 @@ def channels_from_checkpoint(
     for k, spec in channel_specs.items():
         ch: BaseChannel
         if k in histories:
-            delta_spec = cast(DeltaChannel, spec)
-            history = histories[k]
-            replay_ch = delta_spec.from_checkpoint(history.get("seed", MISSING))
-            replay_ch.replay_writes(history["writes"])
-            ch = replay_ch
+            ch = _replay(spec, histories[k])
         else:
             ch = spec.from_checkpoint(checkpoint["channel_values"].get(k, MISSING))
         channels[k] = ch
@@ -450,7 +517,7 @@ async def achannels_from_checkpoint(
 
     delta_channels = _delta_channels_to_replay(channel_specs, checkpoint)
     _require_saver_for_history(delta_channels, saver, config)
-    histories: Mapping[str, Any] = {}
+    histories: Mapping[str, DeltaChannelHistory] = {}
     if delta_channels and saver is not None and config is not None:
         histories = await saver.aget_delta_channel_history(
             config=config, channels=delta_channels
@@ -460,11 +527,7 @@ async def achannels_from_checkpoint(
     for k, spec in channel_specs.items():
         ch: BaseChannel
         if k in histories:
-            delta_spec = cast(DeltaChannel, spec)
-            history = histories[k]
-            replay_ch = delta_spec.from_checkpoint(history.get("seed", MISSING))
-            replay_ch.replay_writes(history["writes"])
-            ch = replay_ch
+            ch = _replay(spec, histories[k])
         else:
             ch = spec.from_checkpoint(checkpoint["channel_values"].get(k, MISSING))
         channels[k] = ch

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_loop.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from contextlib import (
     ExitStack,
 )
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from inspect import signature
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import (
     Any,
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ from typing import (
     TypeVar,
     cast,
 )
+from uuid import UUID, uuid5
 
 from langchain_core.callbacks import AsyncParentRunManager, ParentRunManager
 from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import (
     delta_channels_to_snapshot,
     delta_channels_with_pending_writes,
     empty_checkpoint,
+    exit_delta_late_task_id,
     exit_delta_task_id,
+    put_writes_accepts_task_path,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel._executor import (
     AsyncBackgroundExecutor,
@@ -159,6 +161,12 @@ def DuplexStream(*streams: StreamProtocol) -> StreamProtocol:
     return StreamProtocol(__call__, {mode for s in streams for mode in s.modes})
 
 
+def _cacheable(writes: WritesT) -> bool:
+    # A cache hit skips the node, so a cached error would skip it without
+    # raising: only a node that finished goes to the cache.
+    return not any(c in (INTERRUPT, ERROR) for c, _ in writes)
+
+
 class PregelLoop:
     config: RunnableConfig
     store: BaseStore | None
@@ -190,6 +198,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
         Callable[
             [
                 concurrent.futures.Future | None,
+                Sequence[Any],
                 RunnableConfig,
                 Checkpoint,
                 str,
@@ -203,11 +212,13 @@ class PregelLoop:
     submit: Submit
     channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel]
     # Futures from `checkpointer.put_writes` calls that produced delta-channel
-    # writes. `_checkpointer_put_after_previous` drains this list (swap to a
-    # local `futs` then reset to `[]` and wait/gather) before putting the
-    # next checkpoint, so a checkpoint never becomes durable before the
-    # writes that produced it. Initialised to `[]` in both sync and async
-    # `__enter__`; stays `None` only when no checkpointer.
+    # writes. `_put_checkpoint` hands this list to the save it submits, which
+    # waits for them first, so a checkpoint never becomes durable before the
+    # writes that produced it. If a write or the previous save failed, the
+    # save fails too: a DeltaChannel is rebuilt from its writes along the
+    # parent chain, so a checkpoint saved past either gap reads back short
+    # for good. Initialised to `[]` in both sync and async `__enter__`;
+    # stays `None` only when no checkpointer.
     _delta_write_futs: list[Any] | None = None
 
     # Same pattern as `_delta_write_futs` but for error-handler writes.
@@ -221,10 +232,18 @@ class PregelLoop:
     # `after_tick`). At exit, `_put_exit_delta_writes` filters out channels
     # that will snapshot, then persists the rest under an anchor parent.
     # `None` when not in exit mode (so the capture sites are no-ops).
-    # Each tuple is `(step, task_id, channel, value)` — `step` drives the
-    # synthetic step-prefixed task_id used to preserve chronological order
-    # under the saver's `ORDER BY task_id, idx` sorting.
-    _exit_delta_writes: list[tuple[int, str, str, Any]] | None = None
+    # Each tuple is `(step, task_id, task_path, channel, value)`; see
+    # `_put_exit_delta_writes` for how they are ordered.
+    _exit_delta_writes: list[tuple[int, str, str, str, Any]] | None = None
+
+    # The (task_id, channel) pairs whose delta writes are stored on the loaded
+    # checkpoint, which a resume addressed by `checkpoint_id` can rerun; this
+    # run's `Command` delta writes, kept apart from the NULL_TASK_ID writes
+    # loaded with the checkpoint; and the checkpoint's own superstep, the
+    # first one this run ticks.
+    _stored_delta_writes: set[tuple[str, str]]
+    _exit_command_writes: list[tuple[str, Any]]
+    _exit_first_step: int | None = None
 
     # Delta channels that must snapshot at the next checkpoint, whatever their
     # cadence counters say:
@@ -238,8 +257,10 @@ class PregelLoop:
     _resume_loaded_writes: Sequence[PendingWrite] = ()
     # Tasks `_reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes` handed loaded writes back to.
     _reapplied_task_ids: set[str]
-    # An update or fork checkpoint addressed by `checkpoint_id` that the thread
-    # has moved past, so it may already have children.
+    # Tasks that wrote during this run, the only ones exit mode saves at exit.
+    _written_task_ids: set[str]
+    # A checkpoint addressed by `checkpoint_id` that the thread has moved past,
+    # so it may already have children.
     _addressed_checkpoint_superseded: bool = False
 
     # The checkpoint_config that points at the parent loaded at `__enter__`
@@ -257,6 +278,9 @@ class PregelLoop:
     # `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this to decide between anchoring on
     # the existing parent (True) or creating a lazy stub (False).
     _has_persisted_parent: bool = False
+    # True iff `__enter__` loaded the thread's latest checkpoint, not one a
+    # `checkpoint_id` addressed, so nothing has been built on it yet.
+    _loaded_latest: bool = False
 
     managed: ManagedValueMapping
     checkpoint: Checkpoint
@@ -327,7 +351,6 @@ class PregelLoop:
         self.interrupt_before = interrupt_before
         self.manager = manager
         self.is_nested = CONFIG_KEY_TASK_ID in self.config.get(CONF, {})
-        self.is_replaying = CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID in config[CONF]
         self._migrate_checkpoint = migrate_checkpoint
         self.trigger_to_nodes = trigger_to_nodes
         self.retry_policy = retry_policy
@@ -385,6 +408,14 @@ class PregelLoop:
             else ()
         )
         self.prev_checkpoint_config = None
+        # Whether the run points this loop at a checkpoint: a truthy
+        # `checkpoint_id`, this graph's `checkpoint_map` entry, or a replaying
+        # parent. Every task config carries `checkpoint_id: None`, so a key
+        # check would count every subgraph.
+        self._addressed = bool(
+            self.checkpoint_config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID)
+            or self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_REPLAY_STATE)
+        )
         runtime = self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_RUNTIME)
         self.control = runtime.control if isinstance(runtime, Runtime) else None
 
@@ -427,13 +458,19 @@ class PregelLoop:
             return None
         return self._graph_lifecycle_events.popleft()
 
-    def put_writes(self, task_id: str, writes: WritesT) -> None:
+    def put_writes(
+        self, task_id: str, writes: WritesT, *, cached: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Put writes for a task, to be read by the next tick."""
         if not writes:
             return
+        self._written_task_ids.add(task_id)
         # deduplicate writes to special channels, last write wins
         if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes):
             writes = list({w[0]: w for w in writes}.values())
+        # Before the writes are saved, kept in `checkpoint_pending_writes` or
+        # applied, so all of them hold the same message ids.
+        ensure_message_ids(self.specs, writes)
         if task_id == NULL_TASK_ID:
             # writes for the null task are accumulated
             self.checkpoint_pending_writes = [
@@ -441,6 +478,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes
                 if w[0] != task_id or w[1] not in WRITES_IDX_MAP
             ]
+            # Savers key a regular write by its position in the list, and the
+            # special ones dropped above won't be there next time, so they go
+            # last: a resume saved ahead of an update would move it to a new
+            # slot once the list is saved again, and it would apply twice.
+            writes = sorted(writes, key=lambda w: w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP)
             writes_to_save: WritesT = [
                 w[1:] for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[0] == task_id
             ] + list(writes)
@@ -470,14 +512,6 @@ class PregelLoop:
 
         # save writes
         self.checkpoint_pending_writes.extend((task_id, c, v) for c, v in writes)
-        # Assign stable IDs to any id=None BaseMessages in DeltaChannel writes
-        # before the background thread serialises them. Without this, reducers
-        # that assign IDs inside apply_writes() race with serialisation and
-        # store id=None, causing get_state() replays to produce a different UUID
-        # on every call.
-        for c, v in writes_to_save:
-            if isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel):
-                ensure_message_ids(v)
         if self.durability != "exit" and self.checkpointer_put_writes is not None:
             config = patch_configurable(
                 self.checkpoint_config,
@@ -520,7 +554,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 self._error_handler_write_futs.append(fut)
         # output writes
         if hasattr(self, "tasks"):
-            self.output_writes(task_id, writes)
+            self.output_writes(task_id, writes, cached=cached)
 
     def _put_pending_writes(self) -> None:
         if self.checkpointer_put_writes is None:
@@ -537,10 +571,12 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: self.checkpoint["id"],
             },
         )
-        # group by task id
+        # Writes loaded with the checkpoint are stored on it already. Saving them
+        # again can file them under new indexes, and then they apply twice.
         by_task = defaultdict(list)
         for task_id, channel, value in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
-            by_task[task_id].append((channel, value))
+            if task_id in self._written_task_ids:
+                by_task[task_id].append((channel, value))
         # submit writes to checkpointer
         for task_id, writes in by_task.items():
             if self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path and hasattr(
@@ -669,10 +705,6 @@ class PregelLoop:
             self.status = "done"
             return False
 
-        if self.control is not None and self.control.drain_requested:
-            self.status = "draining"
-            return False
-
         # if there are pending writes from a previous loop, apply them
         if self._reapplies_pending_writes and self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
             self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes(self.tasks)
@@ -685,6 +717,13 @@ class PregelLoop:
             self.status = "interrupt_before"
             raise GraphInterrupt()
 
+        # stop before running the next tasks if a drain was requested. after
+        # the breakpoint check: a resume passes the next step's breakpoints,
+        # so draining in front of one would skip it
+        if self.control is not None and self.control.drain_requested:
+            self.status = "draining"
+            return False
+
         # produce debug output
         self._emit("tasks", map_debug_tasks, self.tasks.values())
 
@@ -737,9 +776,25 @@ class PregelLoop:
             )
         # capture delta-channel writes for exit-mode accumulator before clearing
         if self._exit_delta_writes is not None:
+            # On the first tick the pending writes still hold the ones loaded
+            # with the checkpoint, which are already stored on it.
+            first = self._exit_first_step is None
+            if first:
+                self._exit_first_step = self.step
+                self._exit_delta_writes.extend(
+                    (self.step, NULL_TASK_ID, "", ch, v)
+                    for ch, v in self._exit_command_writes
+                )
             for tid, ch, v in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
-                if isinstance(self.specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel):
-                    self._exit_delta_writes.append((self.step, tid, ch, v))
+                if not isinstance(self.specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel):
+                    continue
+                if first and (
+                    tid == NULL_TASK_ID or (tid, ch) in self._stored_delta_writes
+                ):
+                    continue
+                task = self.tasks.get(tid)
+                path = task_path_str(task.path) if task else ""
+                self._exit_delta_writes.append((self.step, tid, path, ch, v))
         # clear pending writes
         self.checkpoint_pending_writes.clear()
         # only replay (re-execute) done tasks on the first tick
@@ -860,6 +915,13 @@ class PregelLoop:
     def _first(
         self, *, input_keys: str | Sequence[str], updated_channels: set[str] | None
     ) -> set[str] | None:
+        self._stored_delta_writes = {
+            (tid, ch)
+            for tid, ch, _ in self.checkpoint_pending_writes
+            if tid != NULL_TASK_ID and isinstance(self.specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
+        }
+        self._exit_command_writes = []
+        self._written_task_ids = set()
         # Resuming from a previous checkpoint requires two things:
         # 1. A prior checkpoint exists (channel_versions is non-empty)
         # 2. The input signals continuation (not a fresh run with new input)
@@ -887,7 +949,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
         # writes so that interrupt() calls re-fire instead of returning
         # stale values. But if we're actively resuming, keep them —
         # multi-interrupt scenarios need previously resolved values preserved.
-        is_time_traveling = self.is_replaying and (
+        is_time_traveling = self._addressed and (
             # Time-travel to a subgraph checkpoint: the parent sets
             # RESUMING=True (it can't distinguish time-travel from resume),
             # so we check if this subgraph's own ns is in checkpoint_map.
@@ -906,6 +968,10 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 or configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_RESUMING, False)
             )
         )
+        # Finished tasks rerun only on time travel, or on a resume at a
+        # checkpoint the thread has moved past. A resume addressed at the
+        # thread's latest checkpoint hands their writes back, as without an id.
+        self.is_replaying = is_time_traveling or self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded
         if is_time_traveling:
             self.checkpoint_pending_writes = [
                 w for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[1] != RESUME
@@ -974,9 +1040,17 @@ class PregelLoop:
             # save writes
             for tid, ws in writes.items():
                 if forks:
+                    # These skip `put_writes`, which gives messages their ids.
+                    ensure_message_ids(self.specs, ws)
                     carried.extend((tid, c, v) for c, v in ws)
                 else:
                     self.put_writes(tid, ws)
+                    if self._exit_delta_writes is not None and tid == NULL_TASK_ID:
+                        self._exit_command_writes.extend(
+                            (c, v)
+                            for c, v in ws
+                            if isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel)
+                        )
             self._delta_channels_forced_snapshot.update(
                 delta_channels_with_pending_writes(self.specs, carried)
             )
@@ -1032,6 +1106,9 @@ class PregelLoop:
             )
         # map inputs to channel updates
         elif input_writes := deque(map_input(input_keys, self.input)):
+            # Before the input is applied, so this run reads the message ids
+            # that are saved with it.
+            ensure_message_ids(self.specs, input_writes)
             # discard any unfinished tasks from previous checkpoint
             discard_tasks = prepare_next_tasks(
                 self.checkpoint,
@@ -1074,17 +1151,29 @@ class PregelLoop:
             if self._exit_delta_writes is not None:
                 for c, v in input_writes:
                     if isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel):
-                        self._exit_delta_writes.append((self.step, NULL_TASK_ID, c, v))
-            # Persist delta-channel input writes so sub-freq inputs are
-            # recoverable via ancestor walk (mirrors the Command input path).
+                        self._exit_delta_writes.append(
+                            (self.step, NULL_TASK_ID, "", c, v)
+                        )
+            # A DeltaChannel reads its input from the writes stored on the
+            # checkpoint this run starts from, under a task id of their own:
+            # readers apply a checkpoint's NULL_TASK_ID writes as its own state.
+            # A new thread has no checkpoint to store them on, and one a
+            # `checkpoint_id` addressed may have children that would read them,
+            # so then the input checkpoint snapshots the channel instead.
             if self.durability != "exit":
                 delta_input = [
                     (c, v)
                     for c, v in input_writes
                     if isinstance(self.specs.get(c), DeltaChannel)
                 ]
-                if delta_input:
-                    self.put_writes(NULL_TASK_ID, delta_input)
+                if delta_input and self._has_persisted_parent and self._loaded_latest:
+                    self.put_writes(
+                        str(uuid5(UUID(self.checkpoint["id"]), INPUT)), delta_input
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._delta_channels_forced_snapshot.update(
+                        c for c, _ in delta_input
+                    )
             # save input checkpoint
             self.updated_channels = updated_channels
             self._put_checkpoint({"source": "input"})
@@ -1098,11 +1187,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
             # checkpoint ID since the fork was created after the subgraph's
             # checkpoints from the original execution.
             #
-            # Only gate on is_time_traveling (not is_replaying). When the
+            # Only gate on is_time_traveling (not _addressed). When the
             # client resumes with an explicit checkpoint_id that happens to
             # point at the current head (e.g. LangGraph Studio sending
             # `checkpoint: {checkpoint_id}` alongside Command(resume=...)),
-            # is_replaying is True but is_time_traveling is False. In that
+            # the run is addressed but not time traveling. In that
             # case subgraphs should load their latest checkpoint normally,
             # not go through ReplayState's before-bound lookup which would
             # miss subgraph checkpoints created during processing of the
@@ -1214,6 +1303,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
             else None,
             channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
             stored_versions=self.checkpoint_previous_versions,
+            trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
         )
         for k in channels_to_snapshot:
             new_counters[k] = (0, 0)
@@ -1260,12 +1350,17 @@ class PregelLoop:
             )
             self.checkpoint_previous_versions = channel_versions
 
+            # Take this checkpoint's writes now: saves run in the background
+            # and can start out of order, so a save that took them itself
+            # could get another checkpoint's writes.
+            delta_write_futs, self._delta_write_futs = self._delta_write_futs, []
             # save it, without blocking
             # if there's a previous checkpoint save in progress, wait for it
             # ensuring checkpointers receive checkpoints in order
             self._put_checkpoint_fut = self.submit(
                 self._checkpointer_put_after_previous,
                 getattr(self, "_put_checkpoint_fut", None),
+                delta_write_futs,
                 self.checkpoint_config,
                 copy_checkpoint(self.checkpoint),
                 self.checkpoint_metadata,
@@ -1298,6 +1393,14 @@ class PregelLoop:
         ):
             return
 
+        # A checkpoint a `checkpoint_id` addressed may already have children,
+        # which read the writes stored on it, so then the channels this run
+        # wrote snapshot instead.
+        if self._has_persisted_parent and not self._loaded_latest:
+            self._delta_channels_forced_snapshot.update(
+                w[3] for w in self._exit_delta_writes
+            )
+
         counters = dict(
             self.checkpoint_metadata.get("counters_since_delta_snapshot") or {}
         )
@@ -1309,9 +1412,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
         )
 
         pending = [
-            (step, tid, ch, v)
-            for (step, tid, ch, v) in self._exit_delta_writes
-            if ch not in channels_to_snapshot
+            w for w in self._exit_delta_writes if w[3] not in channels_to_snapshot
         ]
         if not pending:
             return
@@ -1337,6 +1438,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
             self._put_checkpoint_fut = self.submit(
                 self._checkpointer_put_after_previous,
                 getattr(self, "_put_checkpoint_fut", None),
+                (),
                 stub_put_config,
                 stub_cp,
                 {"step": -2},
@@ -1346,11 +1448,21 @@ class PregelLoop:
             # sees the stub as its parent.
             self.checkpoint_config = anchor_config
 
-        # Step-prefixed synthetic task_id preserves chronological superstep
-        # order under the saver's ORDER BY task_id, idx sorting.
-        grouped: dict[tuple[int, str], list[tuple[str, Any]]] = {}
-        for step, tid, ch, v in pending:
-            grouped.setdefault((step, tid), []).append((ch, v))
+        # The checkpoint's own superstep keeps its real task paths, so it
+        # interleaves with the writes a resume loaded from it. Its task ids stay
+        # synthetic: under the real id, a run whose final checkpoint fails to
+        # save would leave the resumed task looking done to the next resume.
+        # Later supersteps sort after every real task path and task id, in step
+        # order, so this holds whether a saver orders by path or by id.
+        grouped: dict[tuple[str, str], list[tuple[str, Any]]] = {}
+        for step, tid, path, ch, v in pending:
+            if tid == NULL_TASK_ID:
+                key = (exit_delta_task_id(step, tid), "")
+            elif step == self._exit_first_step:
+                key = (exit_delta_task_id(step, tid), path)
+            else:
+                key = (exit_delta_late_task_id(step, tid), f"~~{step:010d}{path}")
+            grouped.setdefault(key, []).append((ch, v))
         anchor_write_config = patch_configurable(
             anchor_config,
             {
@@ -1360,22 +1472,21 @@ class PregelLoop:
                 CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: anchor_config[CONF][CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID],
             },
         )
-        for (step, tid), entries in grouped.items():
-            synth_tid = exit_delta_task_id(step, tid)
+        for (tid, path), entries in grouped.items():
             if self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path:
                 fut = self.submit(
                     self.checkpointer_put_writes,
                     anchor_write_config,
                     entries,
-                    synth_tid,
-                    "",
+                    tid,
+                    path,
                 )
             else:
                 fut = self.submit(
                     self.checkpointer_put_writes,
                     anchor_write_config,
                     entries,
-                    synth_tid,
+                    tid,
                 )
             if self._delta_write_futs is not None:
                 self._delta_write_futs.append(fut)
@@ -1584,8 +1695,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             self.checkpointer_get_next_version = checkpointer.get_next_version
             self.checkpointer_put_writes = checkpointer.put_writes
             self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path = (
-                signature(checkpointer.put_writes).parameters.get("task_path")
-                is not None
+                put_writes_accepts_task_path(checkpointer.put_writes)
             )
         else:
             self.checkpointer_get_next_version = increment
@@ -1596,21 +1706,19 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
     def _checkpointer_put_after_previous(
         self,
         prev: concurrent.futures.Future | None,
+        delta_write_futs: Sequence[concurrent.futures.Future],
         config: RunnableConfig,
         checkpoint: Checkpoint,
         metadata: CheckpointMetadata,
         new_versions: ChannelVersions,
     ) -> RunnableConfig:
-        if self._delta_write_futs:
-            futs, self._delta_write_futs = self._delta_write_futs, []
-            concurrent.futures.wait(futs)
-        try:
-            if prev is not None:
-                prev.result()
-        finally:
-            cast(BaseCheckpointSaver, self.checkpointer).put(
-                config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions
-            )
+        for fut in delta_write_futs:
+            fut.result()
+        if prev is not None:
+            prev.result()
+        cast(BaseCheckpointSaver, self.checkpointer).put(
+            config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions
+        )
 
     def match_cached_writes(self) -> Sequence[PregelExecutableTask]:
         if self.cache is None:
@@ -1632,7 +1740,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
     ) -> PregelExecutableTask | None:
         if pushed := super().accept_push(task, write_idx, call):
             for task in self.match_cached_writes():
-                self.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
+                self.put_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
         return pushed
 
     def schedule_error_handler(
@@ -1669,16 +1777,18 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
         if self._reapplies_pending_writes:
             self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes({handler_task.id: handler_task})
         for task in self.match_cached_writes():
-            self.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
+            self.put_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
         return handler_task
 
-    def put_writes(self, task_id: str, writes: WritesT) -> None:
+    def put_writes(
+        self, task_id: str, writes: WritesT, *, cached: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Put writes for a task, to be read by the next tick."""
-        super().put_writes(task_id, writes)
-        if not writes or self.cache is None or not hasattr(self, "tasks"):
+        super().put_writes(task_id, writes, cached=cached)
+        if cached or not writes or self.cache is None or not hasattr(self, "tasks"):
             return
         task = self.tasks.get(task_id)
-        if task is None or task.cache_key is None:
+        if task is None or task.cache_key is None or not _cacheable(writes):
             return
         self.submit(
             self.cache.set,
@@ -1701,7 +1811,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             # This covers both normal replay and subgraphs resolved via
             # checkpoint_map during time-travel.
             saved = self.checkpointer.get_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
-            if saved is not None and saved.metadata.get("source") in ("update", "fork"):
+            if saved is not None:
                 self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded = checkpoint_superseded(
                     self.checkpointer, self.checkpoint_config, saved
                 )
@@ -1722,6 +1832,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
             # Normal case: fetch the most recent checkpoint for this
             # graph/thread. Returns None on first invocation.
             saved = self.checkpointer.get_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
+            self._loaded_latest = True
 
         # Capture before the synthetic-empty fallback below overwrites `saved`.
         # `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this on first run (no persisted parent)
@@ -1840,8 +1951,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             self.checkpointer_get_next_version = checkpointer.get_next_version
             self.checkpointer_put_writes = checkpointer.aput_writes
             self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path = (
-                signature(checkpointer.aput_writes).parameters.get("task_path")
-                is not None
+                put_writes_accepts_task_path(checkpointer.aput_writes)
             )
         else:
             self.checkpointer_get_next_version = increment
@@ -1852,23 +1962,19 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
     async def _checkpointer_put_after_previous(
         self,
         prev: asyncio.Task | None,
+        delta_write_futs: Sequence[asyncio.Future],
         config: RunnableConfig,
         checkpoint: Checkpoint,
         metadata: CheckpointMetadata,
         new_versions: ChannelVersions,
     ) -> RunnableConfig:
-        # Drain DeltaChannel write futures before committing the checkpoint so
-        # ancestor walks never see a checkpoint without its backing writes.
-        if self._delta_write_futs:
-            futs, self._delta_write_futs = self._delta_write_futs, []
-            await asyncio.gather(*futs)
-        try:
-            if prev is not None:
-                await prev
-        finally:
-            await cast(BaseCheckpointSaver, self.checkpointer).aput(
-                config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions
-            )
+        if delta_write_futs:
+            await asyncio.gather(*delta_write_futs)
+        if prev is not None:
+            await prev
+        await cast(BaseCheckpointSaver, self.checkpointer).aput(
+            config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions
+        )
 
     async def amatch_cached_writes(self) -> Sequence[PregelExecutableTask]:
         if self.cache is None:
@@ -1890,7 +1996,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
     ) -> PregelExecutableTask | None:
         if pushed := super().accept_push(task, write_idx, call):
             for task in await self.amatch_cached_writes():
-                self.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
+                self.put_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
         return pushed
 
     async def aschedule_error_handler(
@@ -1927,19 +2033,18 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
         if self._reapplies_pending_writes:
             self._reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes({handler_task.id: handler_task})
         for task in await self.amatch_cached_writes():
-            self.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
+            self.put_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
         return handler_task
 
-    def put_writes(self, task_id: str, writes: WritesT) -> None:
+    def put_writes(
+        self, task_id: str, writes: WritesT, *, cached: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Put writes for a task, to be read by the next tick."""
-        super().put_writes(task_id, writes)
-        if not writes or self.cache is None or not hasattr(self, "tasks"):
+        super().put_writes(task_id, writes, cached=cached)
+        if cached or not writes or self.cache is None or not hasattr(self, "tasks"):
             return
         task = self.tasks.get(task_id)
-        if task is None or task.cache_key is None:
-            return
-        if writes[0][0] in (INTERRUPT, ERROR):
-            # only cache successful tasks
+        if task is None or task.cache_key is None or not _cacheable(writes):
             return
         self.submit(
             self.cache.aset,
@@ -1962,7 +2067,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             # This covers both normal replay and subgraphs resolved via
             # checkpoint_map during time-travel.
             saved = await self.checkpointer.aget_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
-            if saved is not None and saved.metadata.get("source") in ("update", "fork"):
+            if saved is not None:
                 self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded = await acheckpoint_superseded(
                     self.checkpointer, self.checkpoint_config, saved
                 )
@@ -1983,6 +2088,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
             # Normal case: fetch the most recent checkpoint for this
             # graph/thread. Returns None on first invocation.
             saved = await self.checkpointer.aget_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
+            self._loaded_latest = True
 
         # Capture before the synthetic-empty fallback below overwrites `saved`.
         # `_put_exit_delta_writes` uses this on first run (no persisted parent)

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_messages.py

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable, Iterator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    Sequence,
+)
 from dataclasses import fields, is_dataclass
 from typing import (
     Any,
@@ -10,16 +17,18 @@ from typing import (
 from uuid import UUID, uuid4
 
 from langchain_core.callbacks import BaseCallbackHandler
-from langchain_core.messages import BaseMessage, ToolMessage
+from langchain_core.messages import AnyMessage, BaseMessage, RemoveMessage, ToolMessage
 from langchain_core.messages.utils import convert_to_messages
 from langchain_core.outputs import ChatGeneration, ChatGenerationChunk, LLMResult
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from langgraph._internal._config import filter_to_user_tags
 from langgraph._internal._constants import NS_SEP
+from langgraph.channels.binop import _get_overwrite
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
 from langgraph.constants import TAG_HIDDEN, TAG_NOSTREAM
 from langgraph.pregel.protocol import StreamChunk
-from langgraph.types import Command
+from langgraph.types import Command, Overwrite
 
 try:
     from langchain_core.tracers._streaming import _StreamingCallbackHandler
@@ -408,6 +417,74 @@ class StreamMessagesHandlerV2(StreamMessagesHandler, _V2StreamingCallbackHandler
             self.stream((meta[0], "messages", (event, v2_meta)))
 
 
+# Defined here rather than in `langgraph.graph.message`, which re-exports it:
+# `ensure_message_ids` has to recognize it, and importing that module from the
+# loop would be an import cycle.
+def _messages_delta_reducer(
+    state: list[AnyMessage], writes: list[list[AnyMessage]]
+) -> list[AnyMessage]:
+    """**Experimental.** Batch reducer for use with `DeltaChannel`.
+
+    Processes all writes in one pass — dedup by ID, `RemoveMessage`
+    tombstoning — without calling `add_messages`.
+
+    This reducer is batching-invariant, as required by `DeltaChannel`:
+    `reducer(reducer(state, xs), ys) == reducer(state, xs + ys)`.
+
+    Raw dict / string / tuple inputs are coerced to typed `BaseMessage`
+    objects so that HTTP-driven graphs work without a separate coercion
+    step. This is not full `add_messages` parity — `REMOVE_ALL_MESSAGES`,
+    unknown-id `RemoveMessage` errors, missing-id UUID assignment, and
+    `BaseMessageChunk` conversion are not handled here.
+
+    Example::
+
+        from typing import Annotated
+        from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+        from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
+
+        class State(TypedDict):
+            messages: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer)]
+    """
+
+    # Each write is either a list of message-likes or a single message-like
+    # (BaseMessage / dict / str / tuple). Only lists flatten; everything
+    # else is one message.
+    flat: list[Any] = []
+    for w in writes:
+        if isinstance(w, list):
+            flat.extend(w)
+        else:
+            flat.append(w)
+    # Steady state: the reducer's own output is already typed, so skip
+    # `convert_to_messages` on state when the first element is a BaseMessage.
+    # Only raw input (initial dicts, deserialized blobs) hits the slow path.
+    if state and isinstance(state[0], BaseMessage):
+        state_msgs = state
+    else:
+        state_msgs = cast("list[AnyMessage]", convert_to_messages(state))
+    msgs = cast("list[AnyMessage]", convert_to_messages(flat))
+
+    index: dict[str, int] = {
+        m.id: i for i, m in enumerate(state_msgs) if m.id is not None
+    }
+    result: list[AnyMessage | None] = list(state_msgs)
+    for msg in msgs:
+        mid = msg.id
+        if mid is None:
+            result.append(msg)
+        elif isinstance(msg, RemoveMessage):
+            if mid in index:
+                result[index[mid]] = None
+                del index[mid]
+        elif mid in index:
+            result[index[mid]] = msg
+        else:
+            index[mid] = len(result)
+            result.append(msg)
+    return [m for m in result if m is not None]
+
+
 # Known role values (OpenAI-style) and type values (LangChain serialisation)
 # that identify a dict as a message. Checked before coercing to BaseMessage so
 # we don't accidentally touch unrelated dicts that happen to have a "role" key.
@@ -423,39 +500,103 @@ def _is_message_dict(item: dict) -> bool:
     return item.get("role") in _MESSAGE_ROLES or item.get("type") in _MESSAGE_TYPES
 
 
-def ensure_message_ids(value: Any) -> None:
-    """Coerce message-like write values to typed BaseMessages with stable IDs.
+def ensure_message_ids(
+    channels: Mapping[str, Any], writes: Sequence[tuple[str, Any]]
+) -> None:
+    """Give the messages written to DeltaChannels stable ids.
 
-    Called in put_writes() before DeltaChannel writes are submitted to the
-    checkpointer. Without this the checkpoint may store raw dicts or id=None
-    BaseMessages; every get_state() replay then produces a different UUID and
-    the same message appears with a different ID in each LangSmith trace.
+    A `DeltaChannel` replays its saved writes on every read, and its reducer
+    may not assign missing ids (`_messages_delta_reducer` doesn't), so a
+    message saved without an id comes back without one, or with a new one on
+    every read, and nothing can target it by id, for example `RemoveMessage`.
 
-    Handles three input shapes:
-    - BaseMessage objects: assign a UUID if id is None.
-    - Dicts with a known "role" (OpenAI-style) or "type" (LangChain format) at
-      the root level: stamp "id" into the dict in-place. The reducer's
-      convert_to_messages call will forward the id to the resulting BaseMessage.
-    - Lists of the above: apply the same logic to each element, replacing dict
-      items with coerced BaseMessages so the shared list reference seen by
-      checkpoint_pending_writes and the background thread both get typed messages.
+    In a channel whose reducer is `_messages_delta_reducer`, every message-like
+    it accepts (a message, a dict, a string, a `(role, content)` tuple; alone,
+    in a list or in an `Overwrite`) becomes a message with an id. Other
+    DeltaChannels may hold other data, so there only message objects get ids,
+    plus message dicts outside an `Overwrite`: one in a list becomes a message.
+    Anything that can't become a message is left as it is, so it fails where
+    it always has: a message dict in a list raises here, anything else when
+    the reducer reads it. An empty id counts as missing.
 
-    Mutating synchronously here (before the background thread is submitted) is
-    safe: the serialised bytes always reflect the post-coercion state.
+    A write that changes is replaced in `writes`: lists and dicts the caller
+    passed in are never changed, only the ids of message objects.
     """
-    if isinstance(value, BaseMessage):
-        if value.id is None:
-            value.id = str(uuid4())
-    elif isinstance(value, dict) and _is_message_dict(value):
-        if not value.get("id"):
-            value["id"] = str(uuid4())
-    elif isinstance(value, list):
-        for i, item in enumerate(value):
-            if isinstance(item, BaseMessage):
-                if item.id is None:
-                    item.id = str(uuid4())
-            elif isinstance(item, dict) and _is_message_dict(item):
-                msg = convert_to_messages([item])[0]
-                if msg.id is None:
-                    msg.id = str(uuid4())
-                value[i] = msg
+    for i, (ch, value) in enumerate(writes):
+        spec = channels.get(ch)
+        if not isinstance(spec, DeltaChannel):
+            continue
+        if spec.reducer is _messages_delta_reducer:
+            new_value = _with_message_ids(value)
+        else:
+            new_value = _with_base_message_ids(value)
+        if new_value is not value:
+            cast(MutableSequence[tuple[str, Any]], writes)[i] = (ch, new_value)
+
+
+def _with_message_ids(value: Any) -> Any:
+    is_overwrite, overwrite_value = _get_overwrite(value)
+    if not is_overwrite:
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            return _map_messages(value, _list_item_with_id)
+        return _message_with_id(value)
+    if isinstance(overwrite_value, (list, tuple)):
+        items = _map_messages(overwrite_value, _message_with_id)
+        if items is not overwrite_value:
+            return Overwrite(items)
+    return value
+
+
+def _with_base_message_ids(value: Any) -> Any:
+    is_overwrite, overwrite_value = _get_overwrite(value)
+    if is_overwrite:
+        if isinstance(overwrite_value, (list, tuple)):
+            for item in overwrite_value:
+                _stamp_message_id(item)
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, list):
+        return _map_messages(value, _base_list_item_with_id)
+    if isinstance(value, dict) and _is_message_dict(value) and not value.get("id"):
+        return {**value, "id": str(uuid4())}
+    _stamp_message_id(value)
+    return value
+
+
+def _map_messages(items: list | tuple, fn: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> list | tuple:
+    mapped = [fn(item) for item in items]
+    if all(new is old for new, old in zip(mapped, items)):
+        return items
+    return mapped if isinstance(items, list) else tuple(mapped)
+
+
+def _list_item_with_id(item: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(item, dict) and _is_message_dict(item):
+        return _message_with_id(item, strict=True)
+    return _message_with_id(item)
+
+
+def _base_list_item_with_id(item: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(item, dict) and _is_message_dict(item):
+        return _message_with_id(item, strict=True)
+    _stamp_message_id(item)
+    return item
+
+
+def _message_with_id(item: Any, *, strict: bool = False) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(item, BaseMessage):
+        _stamp_message_id(item)
+        return item
+    try:
+        message = convert_to_messages([item])[0]
+    except Exception:
+        if strict:
+            raise
+        return item
+    if not message.id:
+        message.id = str(uuid4())
+    return message
+
+
+def _stamp_message_id(item: Any) -> None:
+    if isinstance(item, BaseMessage) and item.id is None:
+        item.id = str(uuid4())

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_retry.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import sys
 import threading
 import time
 import weakref
-from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from contextlib import suppress
 from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
@@ -686,8 +686,6 @@ async def arun_with_retry(
     task: PregelExecutableTask,
     retry_policy: Sequence[RetryPolicy] | None,
     stream: bool = False,
-    match_cached_writes: Callable[[], Awaitable[Sequence[PregelExecutableTask]]]
-    | None = None,
     configurable: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Run a task asynchronously with retries."""
@@ -711,11 +709,6 @@ async def arun_with_retry(
                 )
             },
         )
-    if match_cached_writes is not None and task.cache_key is not None:
-        for t in await match_cached_writes():
-            if t is task:
-                # if the task is already cached, return
-                return
     while True:
         runtime = config.get(CONF, {}).get(CONFIG_KEY_RUNTIME)
         if isinstance(runtime, Runtime):

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/_runner.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from langgraph._internal._future import chain_future, run_coroutine_threadsafe
 from langgraph._internal._scratchpad import PregelScratchpad
 from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
 from langgraph.constants import TAG_HIDDEN
-from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt
+from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt, is_invalid_resume
 from langgraph.pregel._algo import Call
 from langgraph.pregel._executor import Submit
 from langgraph.pregel._retry import arun_with_retry, run_with_retry
@@ -621,7 +621,11 @@ def _should_stop_others(
     handled_exception_ids: set[int] | None = None,
 ) -> bool:
     """Check if any task failed, if so, cancel all other tasks.
-    GraphInterrupts are not considered failures."""
+    GraphInterrupts are not considered failures.
+
+    Neither is an invalid resume value: it's raised once the other tasks finish, so a
+    task answered in the same resume isn't cut off after its side effects and then run
+    again with its saved answer."""
     for fut in done:
         if fut.cancelled():
             continue
@@ -629,6 +633,7 @@ def _should_stop_others(
             if (
                 id(exc) not in (handled_exception_ids or set())
                 and not isinstance(exc, GraphBubbleUp)
+                and not is_invalid_resume(exc)
                 and fut not in SKIP_RERAISE_SET
             ):
                 return True

libs/langgraph/langgraph/pregel/main.py

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ from langgraph.pregel._algo import (
     apply_writes,
     local_read,
     prepare_next_tasks,
+    task_path_str,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel._call import identifier
 from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import (
@@ -136,9 +137,11 @@ from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import (
     copy_checkpoint,
     create_checkpoint,
     create_checkpoint_plan_for_update_state_api,
+    delta_channels_overwritten,
     delta_channels_with_pending_writes,
     empty_checkpoint,
     get_updated_channels_from_tasks,
+    put_writes_accepts_task_path,
     versions_seen_without_bumps,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel._draw import draw_graph
@@ -150,6 +153,7 @@ from langgraph.pregel._loop import (
 from langgraph.pregel._messages import (
     StreamMessagesHandler,
     StreamMessagesHandlerV2,
+    ensure_message_ids,
 )
 from langgraph.pregel._read import DEFAULT_BOUND, PregelNode
 from langgraph.pregel._retry import RetryPolicy
@@ -1764,6 +1768,7 @@ class Pregel(
                     get_next_version=checkpointer.get_next_version,
                     channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
                     stored_versions=checkpoint_previous_versions,
+                    trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
                 )
                 next_config = checkpointer.put(
                     checkpoint_config,
@@ -1786,6 +1791,22 @@ class Pregel(
                     )
 
                 if input_writes := deque(map_input(self.input_channels, values)):
+                    _store_or_fork_delta_writes(
+                        checkpointer,
+                        config,
+                        saved,
+                        checkpoint_config,
+                        self.channels,
+                        [
+                            (
+                                str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint["id"]), INPUT)),
+                                input_writes,
+                                None,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                        fork_pending,
+                        is_first=is_first,
+                    )
                     updated_channels = apply_writes(
                         checkpoint,
                         channels,
@@ -1793,6 +1814,9 @@ class Pregel(
                         checkpointer.get_next_version,
                         self.trigger_to_nodes,
                     )
+                    fork_pending |= delta_channels_overwritten(
+                        self.channels, input_writes
+                    )
 
                     # apply input write to channels
                     next_step = (
@@ -1820,6 +1844,7 @@ class Pregel(
                         get_next_version=checkpointer.get_next_version,
                         channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
                         stored_versions=checkpoint_previous_versions,
+                        trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
                     )
                     next_config = checkpointer.put(
                         checkpoint_config,
@@ -1831,13 +1856,6 @@ class Pregel(
                         ),
                     )
 
-                    # store the writes
-                    checkpointer.put_writes(
-                        next_config,
-                        input_writes,
-                        str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint["id"]), INPUT)),
-                    )
-
                     return patch_checkpoint_map(
                         next_config, saved.metadata if saved else None
                     )
@@ -1983,13 +2001,13 @@ class Pregel(
             run_tasks: list[PregelTaskWrites] = []
             run_task_ids: list[str] = []
 
-            for as_node, values, provided_task_id in valid_updates:
+            for i, (as_node, values, provided_task_id) in enumerate(valid_updates):
                 # create task to run all writers of the chosen node
                 writers = self.nodes[as_node].flat_writers
                 if not writers:
                     raise InvalidUpdateError(f"Node {as_node} has no writers")
                 writes: deque[tuple[str, Any]] = deque()
-                task = PregelTaskWrites((), as_node, writes, [INTERRUPT])
+                task = PregelTaskWrites((INTERRUPT, i), as_node, writes, [INTERRUPT])
                 # get the task ids that were prepared for this node
                 # if a task id was provided in the StateUpdate, we use it
                 # otherwise, we use the next available task id
@@ -1997,7 +2015,7 @@ class Pregel(
                 task_id = provided_task_id or (
                     prepared_task_ids.popleft()
                     if prepared_task_ids
-                    else str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint["id"]), INTERRUPT))
+                    else _update_task_id(checkpoint["id"], i)
                 )
                 run_tasks.append(task)
                 run_task_ids.append(task_id)
@@ -2031,27 +2049,22 @@ class Pregel(
                     ),
                 )
             updated_channels = get_updated_channels_from_tasks(run_tasks)
-            # The base's other children replay whatever is stored on it, so an
-            # edit of an older checkpoint stores none of its writes there: the
-            # checkpoint written here carries them, its delta channels
-            # snapshotted. Later supersteps address the checkpoint just written.
-            if (
-                is_first
-                and saved is not None
-                and checkpoint_superseded(checkpointer, config, saved)
-            ):
-                fork_pending.update(
-                    ch
-                    for ch in updated_channels
-                    if isinstance(self.channels.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
-                )
-            elif saved is not None:
-                for task_id, task in zip(run_task_ids, run_tasks):
-                    channel_writes = [w for w in task.writes if w[0] != PUSH]
-                    if channel_writes:
-                        checkpointer.put_writes(
-                            checkpoint_config, channel_writes, task_id
-                        )
+            fork_pending |= delta_channels_overwritten(
+                self.channels, (w for t in run_tasks for w in t.writes)
+            )
+            _store_or_fork_delta_writes(
+                checkpointer,
+                config,
+                saved,
+                checkpoint_config,
+                self.channels,
+                [
+                    (task_id, task.writes, task)
+                    for task_id, task in zip(run_task_ids, run_tasks)
+                ],
+                fork_pending,
+                is_first=is_first,
+            )
             apply_writes(
                 checkpoint,
                 channels,
@@ -2081,6 +2094,7 @@ class Pregel(
                 else None,
                 channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
                 stored_versions=checkpoint_previous_versions,
+                trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
             )
             next_config = checkpointer.put(
                 checkpoint_config,
@@ -2253,6 +2267,7 @@ class Pregel(
                     get_next_version=checkpointer.get_next_version,
                     channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
                     stored_versions=checkpoint_previous_versions,
+                    trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
                 )
                 next_config = await checkpointer.aput(
                     checkpoint_config,
@@ -2275,6 +2290,22 @@ class Pregel(
                     )
 
                 if input_writes := deque(map_input(self.input_channels, values)):
+                    await _astore_or_fork_delta_writes(
+                        checkpointer,
+                        config,
+                        saved,
+                        checkpoint_config,
+                        self.channels,
+                        [
+                            (
+                                str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint["id"]), INPUT)),
+                                input_writes,
+                                None,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                        fork_pending,
+                        is_first=is_first,
+                    )
                     updated_channels = apply_writes(
                         checkpoint,
                         channels,
@@ -2282,6 +2313,9 @@ class Pregel(
                         checkpointer.get_next_version,
                         self.trigger_to_nodes,
                     )
+                    fork_pending |= delta_channels_overwritten(
+                        self.channels, input_writes
+                    )
 
                     # apply input write to channels
                     next_step = (
@@ -2309,6 +2343,7 @@ class Pregel(
                         get_next_version=checkpointer.get_next_version,
                         channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
                         stored_versions=checkpoint_previous_versions,
+                        trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
                     )
                     next_config = await checkpointer.aput(
                         checkpoint_config,
@@ -2320,13 +2355,6 @@ class Pregel(
                         ),
                     )
 
-                    # store the writes
-                    await checkpointer.aput_writes(
-                        next_config,
-                        input_writes,
-                        str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint["id"]), INPUT)),
-                    )
-
                     return patch_checkpoint_map(
                         next_config, saved.metadata if saved else None
                     )
@@ -2471,13 +2499,13 @@ class Pregel(
             run_tasks: list[PregelTaskWrites] = []
             run_task_ids: list[str] = []
 
-            for as_node, values, provided_task_id in valid_updates:
+            for i, (as_node, values, provided_task_id) in enumerate(valid_updates):
                 # create task to run all writers of the chosen node
                 writers = self.nodes[as_node].flat_writers
                 if not writers:
                     raise InvalidUpdateError(f"Node {as_node} has no writers")
                 writes: deque[tuple[str, Any]] = deque()
-                task = PregelTaskWrites((), as_node, writes, [INTERRUPT])
+                task = PregelTaskWrites((INTERRUPT, i), as_node, writes, [INTERRUPT])
                 # get the task ids that were prepared for this node
                 # if a task id was provided in the StateUpdate, we use it
                 # otherwise, we use the next available task id
@@ -2485,7 +2513,7 @@ class Pregel(
                 task_id = provided_task_id or (
                     prepared_task_ids.popleft()
                     if prepared_task_ids
-                    else str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint["id"]), INTERRUPT))
+                    else _update_task_id(checkpoint["id"], i)
                 )
                 run_tasks.append(task)
                 run_task_ids.append(task_id)
@@ -2519,27 +2547,22 @@ class Pregel(
                     ),
                 )
             updated_channels = get_updated_channels_from_tasks(run_tasks)
-            # The base's other children replay whatever is stored on it, so an
-            # edit of an older checkpoint stores none of its writes there: the
-            # checkpoint written here carries them, its delta channels
-            # snapshotted. Later supersteps address the checkpoint just written.
-            if (
-                is_first
-                and saved is not None
-                and await acheckpoint_superseded(checkpointer, config, saved)
-            ):
-                fork_pending.update(
-                    ch
-                    for ch in updated_channels
-                    if isinstance(self.channels.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
-                )
-            elif saved is not None:
-                for task_id, task in zip(run_task_ids, run_tasks):
-                    channel_writes = [w for w in task.writes if w[0] != PUSH]
-                    if channel_writes:
-                        await checkpointer.aput_writes(
-                            checkpoint_config, channel_writes, task_id
-                        )
+            fork_pending |= delta_channels_overwritten(
+                self.channels, (w for t in run_tasks for w in t.writes)
+            )
+            await _astore_or_fork_delta_writes(
+                checkpointer,
+                config,
+                saved,
+                checkpoint_config,
+                self.channels,
+                [
+                    (task_id, task.writes, task)
+                    for task_id, task in zip(run_task_ids, run_tasks)
+                ],
+                fork_pending,
+                is_first=is_first,
+            )
             apply_writes(
                 checkpoint,
                 channels,
@@ -2569,6 +2592,7 @@ class Pregel(
                 else None,
                 channels_to_snapshot=channels_to_snapshot,
                 stored_versions=checkpoint_previous_versions,
+                trigger_to_nodes=self.trigger_to_nodes,
             )
             next_config = await checkpointer.aput(
                 checkpoint_config,
@@ -3030,7 +3054,7 @@ class Pregel(
                 # with channel updates applied only at the transition between steps.
                 while loop.tick():
                     for task in loop.match_cached_writes():
-                        loop.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
+                        loop.put_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
                     for _ in runner.tick(
                         [t for t in loop.tasks.values() if not t.writes],
                         timeout=self.step_timeout,
@@ -3501,7 +3525,7 @@ class Pregel(
                 try:
                     while loop.tick():
                         for task in await loop.amatch_cached_writes():
-                            loop.output_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
+                            loop.put_writes(task.id, task.writes, cached=True)
                         async for _ in runner.atick(
                             [t for t in loop.tasks.values() if not t.writes],
                             timeout=self.step_timeout,
@@ -3706,16 +3730,15 @@ class Pregel(
         config: RunnableConfig | None = None,
         *,
         version: Literal["v1", "v2", "v3"] = "v2",
-        interrupt_before: All | Sequence[str] | None = None,
-        interrupt_after: All | Sequence[str] | None = None,
-        control: RunControl | None = None,
         transformers: Sequence[Callable[[tuple[str, ...]], Any]] | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Any:
         """Stream events from this graph.
 
-        For `version="v1"` / `"v2"`, yields `StreamEvent` dicts (see
-        `Runnable.stream_events`). For `version="v3"`, returns a
+        For `version="v1"` / `"v2"`, delegates to
+        `Runnable.(a)stream_events`; synchronous v1/v2 event streaming is
+        not implemented in langchain-core, so use `astream_events` for
+        those versions. For `version="v3"`, returns a
         `GraphRunStream` whose typed projections the caller drives by
         iterating — no background thread.
 
@@ -3745,20 +3768,27 @@ class Pregel(
             config: Optional runnable config.
             version: Streaming-event schema version. `"v3"` selects the
                 content-block-centric streaming protocol.
-            interrupt_before: Nodes to interrupt before, if any. Only
-                used for `version="v3"`.
-            interrupt_after: Nodes to interrupt after, if any. Only
-                used for `version="v3"`.
+            interrupt_before: Nodes to interrupt before, if any.
+                Honored on every version that can run; type-checked
+                only on the `version="v3"` overloads.
+            interrupt_after: Nodes to interrupt after, if any. Honored
+                on every version that can run; type-checked only on
+                the `version="v3"` overloads.
             control: Optional run control used to request cooperative
-                drain. Only used for `version="v3"`.
+                drain. Honored on every version that can run;
+                type-checked only on the `version="v3"` overloads.
             transformers: Extra transformer classes or configured
                 factories appended after compile-time
                 `stream_transformers`. Factories are called as
                 `factory(scope)` so they can propagate to subgraph
                 scopes. Only used for `version="v3"`.
-            **kwargs: For `version="v1"`/`"v2"`, forwarded to
-                `Runnable.stream_events`. For `version="v3"`, forwarded
-                to the underlying `stream(...)` call (e.g. `context`,
+            **kwargs: For `version="v1"`/`"v2"` on `astream_events`,
+                forwarded to `Runnable.astream_events`, which passes
+                them through to `astream` — so execution kwargs such as
+                `context`, `durability`, `interrupt_before`,
+                `interrupt_after` and `control` are honored on every
+                version that can run. For `version="v3"`, forwarded to the
+                underlying `stream(...)` call (e.g. `context`,
                 `durability`, `output_keys`, `print_mode`, `debug`).
                 `stream_mode` and `subgraphs` are not accepted under
                 `version="v3"` and raise `TypeError` if supplied; v3
@@ -3766,16 +3796,15 @@ class Pregel(
 
         Returns:
             For `version="v3"`, a `GraphRunStream` the caller iterates
-            to drive the run. Otherwise an `Iterator[StreamEvent]`.
+            to drive the run. For `version="v1"`/`"v2"`,
+            `astream_events` yields `StreamEvent` dicts; the synchronous
+            v1/v2 path is not implemented in langchain-core.
         """
         if version == "v3":
             _reject_v3_invariant_kwargs(kwargs)
             return self._pregel_stream_v3(
                 input,
                 config,
-                interrupt_before=interrupt_before,
-                interrupt_after=interrupt_after,
-                control=control,
                 transformers=transformers,
                 **kwargs,
             )
@@ -3811,9 +3840,6 @@ class Pregel(
         config: RunnableConfig | None = None,
         *,
         version: Literal["v1", "v2", "v3"] = "v2",
-        interrupt_before: All | Sequence[str] | None = None,
-        interrupt_after: All | Sequence[str] | None = None,
-        control: RunControl | None = None,
         transformers: Sequence[Callable[[tuple[str, ...]], Any]] | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> AsyncIterator[StreamEvent] | Awaitable[Any]:
@@ -3836,9 +3862,6 @@ class Pregel(
             return self._apregel_stream_v3(
                 input,
                 config,
-                interrupt_before=interrupt_before,
-                interrupt_after=interrupt_after,
-                control=control,
                 transformers=transformers,
                 **kwargs,
             )
@@ -4237,6 +4260,108 @@ class Pregel(
         await self.cache.aclear(namespaces)
 
 
+def _task_path_kwarg(put_writes: Callable[..., Any], task: PregelTaskWrites) -> dict:
+    """Pass the task's path to savers whose `put_writes` takes one.
+
+    Savers that replay a checkpoint's writes in task path order then give back
+    updates applied together in the order they were given.
+    """
+    if not put_writes_accepts_task_path(put_writes):
+        return {}
+    return {"task_path": task_path_str(task.path)}
+
+
+_UpdateWrites = Sequence[tuple[str, Sequence[tuple[str, Any]], PregelTaskWrites | None]]
+
+
+def _store_or_fork_delta_writes(
+    checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    config: RunnableConfig,
+    saved: CheckpointTuple | None,
+    checkpoint_config: RunnableConfig,
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel | ManagedValueSpec],
+    writes: _UpdateWrites,
+    fork_pending: set[str],
+    *,
+    is_first: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Save an update's writes where its DeltaChannels will read them.
+
+    A DeltaChannel rebuilds its value from the writes saved on a checkpoint's
+    ancestors, so the writes go on the checkpoint the update builds on. If the
+    thread already moved past that checkpoint, its other children would read
+    them too, so the new checkpoint snapshots those channels instead. `writes`
+    holds `(task_id, writes, task)` per task; `task` is `None` for input. A
+    task's `PUSH` writes are left out: the update saves them on the checkpoint
+    it creates. The messages in `writes` get their ids first, in place, as the
+    loop's `put_writes` does, so pass the writes the update then applies.
+    """
+    for _, task_writes, _ in writes:
+        ensure_message_ids(channels, task_writes)
+    if saved is None:
+        return
+    if is_first and checkpoint_superseded(checkpointer, config, saved):
+        fork_pending.update(
+            ch
+            for _, task_writes, _ in writes
+            for ch, _ in task_writes
+            if isinstance(channels.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
+        )
+        return
+    for task_id, task_writes, task in writes:
+        if channel_writes := [w for w in task_writes if w[0] != PUSH]:
+            checkpointer.put_writes(
+                checkpoint_config,
+                channel_writes,
+                task_id,
+                **(_task_path_kwarg(checkpointer.put_writes, task) if task else {}),
+            )
+
+
+async def _astore_or_fork_delta_writes(
+    checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    config: RunnableConfig,
+    saved: CheckpointTuple | None,
+    checkpoint_config: RunnableConfig,
+    channels: Mapping[str, BaseChannel | ManagedValueSpec],
+    writes: _UpdateWrites,
+    fork_pending: set[str],
+    *,
+    is_first: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Async `_store_or_fork_delta_writes`."""
+    for _, task_writes, _ in writes:
+        ensure_message_ids(channels, task_writes)
+    if saved is None:
+        return
+    if is_first and await acheckpoint_superseded(checkpointer, config, saved):
+        fork_pending.update(
+            ch
+            for _, task_writes, _ in writes
+            for ch, _ in task_writes
+            if isinstance(channels.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
+        )
+        return
+    for task_id, task_writes, task in writes:
+        if channel_writes := [w for w in task_writes if w[0] != PUSH]:
+            await checkpointer.aput_writes(
+                checkpoint_config,
+                channel_writes,
+                task_id,
+                **(_task_path_kwarg(checkpointer.aput_writes, task) if task else {}),
+            )
+
+
+def _update_task_id(checkpoint_id: str, i: int) -> str:
+    """Task id for the `i`th update of a superstep that has no task to reuse.
+
+    Savers keep one write per `(task_id, idx)`, so updates sharing an id lose
+    all but the first one's writes, which a `DeltaChannel` replays from. The
+    first update keeps the id a lone update has always had.
+    """
+    return str(uuid5(UUID(checkpoint_id), INTERRUPT if i == 0 else f"{INTERRUPT}:{i}"))
+
+
 def _trigger_to_nodes(nodes: dict[str, PregelNode]) -> Mapping[str, Sequence[str]]:
     """Index from a trigger to nodes that depend on it."""
     trigger_to_nodes: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)

libs/langgraph/langgraph/types.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from warnings import warn
 from langchain_core.messages import AnyMessage
 from langchain_core.runnables import Runnable, RunnableConfig
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver, CheckpointMetadata
-from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+from pydantic import TypeAdapter, ValidationError
 from typing_extensions import (
     NotRequired,
     TypeAliasType,
@@ -882,6 +882,16 @@ class Command(Generic[N], ToolOutputMixin):
     PARENT: ClassVar[Literal["__parent__"]] = "__parent__"
 
 
+def _validate_resume(adapter: TypeAdapter[Any], value: Any) -> Any:
+    from langgraph.errors import _mark_invalid_resume
+
+    try:
+        return adapter.validate_python(value)
+    except ValidationError as exc:
+        _mark_invalid_resume(exc)
+        raise
+
+
 @overload
 def interrupt(value: Any, *, response_schema: type[ResponseT]) -> ResponseT: ...
 
@@ -989,6 +999,7 @@ def interrupt(
     Raises:
         GraphInterrupt: On the first invocation within the node, halts execution and surfaces the provided value to the client.
         pydantic.ValidationError: When a resume value does not match a Pydantic model, `TypedDict`, or dataclass `response_schema`.
+            Nothing is saved, so the interrupt can be answered again. `is_invalid_resume` identifies it.
     """
     from langgraph._internal._constants import (
         CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_NS,
@@ -1012,14 +1023,14 @@ def interrupt(
     if scratchpad.resume:
         if idx < len(scratchpad.resume):
             v = scratchpad.resume[idx]
-            validated = adapter.validate_python(v) if adapter else v
+            validated = _validate_resume(adapter, v) if adapter else v
             conf[CONFIG_KEY_SEND]([(RESUME, scratchpad.resume[: idx + 1])])
             return validated
     # find current resume value
     v = scratchpad.get_null_resume(True)
     if v is not None:
         assert len(scratchpad.resume) == idx, (scratchpad.resume, idx)
-        validated = adapter.validate_python(v) if adapter else v
+        validated = _validate_resume(adapter, v) if adapter else v
         scratchpad.resume.append(v)
         conf[CONFIG_KEY_SEND]([(RESUME, scratchpad.resume)])
         return validated

libs/langgraph/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.14"
+version = "1.2.16"
 description = "Building stateful, multi-actor applications with LLMs"
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 dependencies = [
     "langchain-core>=1.4.7,<2",
-    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.1.0,<5.0.0",
+    "langgraph-checkpoint>=4.3.0,<5.0.0",
     "langgraph-sdk>=0.4.6,<0.5.0",
     "langgraph-prebuilt>=1.1.0,<1.2.0",
     "xxhash>=3.5.0",

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_exit_mode.py

@@ -6,19 +6,23 @@ channel), lazy stub creation when no parent exists, and proper read-path
 reconstruction via ancestor walks.
 """
 
+import operator
 import uuid
 from typing import Annotated, Any
 
 import pytest
 from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, HumanMessage
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
 from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
+from langgraph._internal._constants import NULL_TASK_ID
 from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
 from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
 from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
 from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import exit_delta_task_id
+from langgraph.types import Command, Durability, interrupt
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
 
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ def test_exit_delta_task_id_is_valid_uuid_and_ordered() -> None:
     assert id1.split("-")[0] == "00000001"
     assert id7.split("-")[0] == "00000007"
     assert id1.endswith("-0270-bf16-1ef8-fb321bef9f3d")
+    assert exit_delta_task_id(0, NULL_TASK_ID) != NULL_TASK_ID
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         uuid.UUID(f"00000001-{tid}")
@@ -389,3 +394,265 @@ async def test_exit_snapshot_then_tail_deltas() -> None:
     assert "seed-msg" in contents
     assert "tail-msg" in contents
     assert contents.index("seed-msg") < contents.index("tail-msg")
+
+
+def _append(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    out = list(current)
+    for write in writes:
+        out.extend(write)
+    return out
+
+
+class _ResumeState(TypedDict):
+    log: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_append)]
+    plain: Annotated[list, operator.add]
+
+
+def _both(marker: str) -> dict:
+    return {"log": [marker], "plain": [marker]}
+
+
+def _ask(marker: str) -> Any:
+    def ask(state: _ResumeState) -> dict:
+        interrupt("approve?")
+        return _both(marker)
+
+    return ask
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("addressed", [False, True])
+def test_resume_after_a_parallel_interrupt_replays_in_live_order(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability, addressed: bool
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("done", lambda state: _both("done"))
+    builder.add_node("ask", _ask("ask"))
+    builder.add_node("after", lambda state: _both("after"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "done")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "ask")
+    builder.add_edge("ask", "after")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability=durability)
+    head = graph.get_state(config).config
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume="yes"), head if addressed else config, durability=durability
+    )
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert state.values["log"] == state.values["plain"]
+    assert sorted(state.values["log"]) == ["after", "ask", "done", "in"]
+
+
+def test_resume_with_a_command_update_replays_its_write_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("done", lambda state: _both("done"))
+    builder.add_node("ask", _ask("ask"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "done")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "ask")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability=durability)
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume="yes", update=_both("cmd")), config, durability=durability
+    )
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert state.values["log"] == state.values["plain"] == ["in", "cmd", "ask", "done"]
+
+
+def test_command_update_on_an_input_checkpoint_matches_a_plain_channel(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("node", lambda state: _both("node"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "node")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.update_state(config, _both("in"), as_node="__input__")
+
+    graph.invoke(Command(update=_both("cmd")), config, durability=durability)
+
+    history = list(graph.get_state_history(config))
+    assert [s.values.get("log", []) for s in history] == [
+        s.values.get("plain", []) for s in history
+    ]
+    replayed = graph.invoke(None, history[-1].config, durability=durability)
+    assert replayed["log"] == replayed["plain"]
+
+
+def test_exit_command_update_on_a_new_thread_matches_a_plain_channel(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("node", lambda state: _both("node"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "node")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(Command(update=_both("cmd")), config, durability="exit")
+
+    history = list(graph.get_state_history(config))
+    assert [s.values.get("log", []) for s in history] == [
+        s.values.get("plain", []) for s in history
+    ]
+
+
+class _FlagState(_ResumeState, total=False):
+    extra: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_append)]
+    flag: bool
+
+
+def test_addressed_resume_keeps_a_rerun_tasks_write_to_a_new_channel(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    def done(state: _FlagState) -> dict:
+        return {**_both("done"), **({"extra": ["new"]} if state.get("flag") else {})}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(_FlagState)
+    builder.add_node("done", done)
+    builder.add_node("ask", _ask("ask"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "done")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "ask")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability=durability)
+    paused = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.update_state(config, None)
+
+    live = graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume="yes", update={"flag": True}), paused, durability=durability
+    )
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert live["extra"] == state.values["extra"] == ["new"]
+    assert state.values["log"] == state.values["plain"]
+
+
+def test_resume_interleaves_the_resumed_superstep_by_task_path(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("z_done", lambda state: _both("z"))
+    builder.add_node("a_asks", _ask("a"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "z_done")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a_asks")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability=durability)
+
+    graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes"), config, durability=durability)
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert state.values["log"] == state.values["plain"] == ["in", "a", "z"]
+
+
+class _TaskIdOrderSaver(InMemorySaver):
+    """Replays each checkpoint's writes by task id, as savers without task path
+    ordering do."""
+
+    def get_tuple(self, config: Any) -> Any:
+        tup = super().get_tuple(config)
+        if tup and tup.pending_writes:
+            tup = tup._replace(pending_writes=sorted(tup.pending_writes))
+        return tup
+
+    get_delta_channel_history = BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history
+
+
+def test_exit_run_replays_supersteps_in_order_on_a_task_id_ordered_saver() -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("a", lambda state: _both("a"))
+    builder.add_node("b", lambda state: _both("b"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge("a", "b")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=_TaskIdOrderSaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability="exit")
+
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values["log"] == ["in", "a", "b"]
+
+
+def test_exit_resume_replays_supersteps_in_order_on_a_task_id_ordered_saver() -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("ask", _ask("ask"))
+    builder.add_node("after", lambda state: _both("after"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "ask")
+    builder.add_edge("ask", "after")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=_TaskIdOrderSaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability="exit")
+
+    graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes"), config, durability="exit")
+
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values["log"] == ["in", "ask", "after"]
+
+
+class _FailingPutSaver(InMemorySaver):
+    fail = False
+
+    def put(
+        self, config: Any, checkpoint: Any, metadata: Any, new_versions: Any
+    ) -> Any:
+        if self.fail:
+            raise RuntimeError("final checkpoint lost")
+        return super().put(config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions)
+
+
+def test_exit_resume_retried_after_its_final_checkpoint_fails_reruns_the_resumed_task() -> (
+    None
+):
+    saver = _FailingPutSaver()
+    builder = StateGraph(_ResumeState)
+    builder.add_node("done", lambda state: _both("done"))
+    builder.add_node("ask", _ask("ask"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "done")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "ask")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability="exit")
+    saver.fail = True
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="final checkpoint lost"):
+        graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes"), config, durability="exit")
+    saver.fail = False
+
+    graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes"), config, durability="exit")
+
+    state = graph.get_state(config)
+    assert state.values["log"] == state.values["plain"]
+    assert sorted(state.values["plain"]) == ["ask", "done", "in"]
+
+
+class _TurnState(_ResumeState):
+    turn: int
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("exit_runs", [1, 2])
+def test_exit_runs_from_a_checkpoint_the_thread_moved_past_leave_its_newer_branch_alone(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, exit_runs: int
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(_TurnState)
+    builder.add_node("a", lambda state: _both(f"a{state['turn']}"))
+    builder.add_node("b", lambda state: _both(f"b{state['turn']}"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge("a", "b")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"turn": 1, **_both("in1")}, config)
+    end_of_turn_1 = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.invoke({"turn": 2, **_both("in2")}, config)
+
+    for turn in range(3, 3 + exit_runs):
+        graph.invoke(
+            {"turn": turn, **_both(f"in{turn}")}, end_of_turn_1, durability="exit"
+        )
+
+    history = list(graph.get_state_history(config))
+    assert [s.values.get("log", []) for s in history] == [
+        s.values.get("plain", []) for s in history
+    ]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_fork.py

@@ -740,20 +740,6 @@ def _build_deferred_after_interrupt(checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> Any:
     return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_after=["a"])
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "durability",
-    [
-        "sync",
-        "async",
-        pytest.param(
-            "exit",
-            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(
-                reason="exit durability stores a resumed run's loaded writes twice",
-                strict=True,
-            ),
-        ),
-    ],
-)
 def test_resume_on_an_interrupted_head_consumes_its_writes_without_a_snapshot(
     sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
 ) -> None:

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_id_stability.py

@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
 from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.channels.last_value import LastValue
 from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
+from langgraph.pregel import NodeBuilder, Pregel
+from langgraph.types import Command, Durability, Overwrite
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
 
@@ -34,18 +38,19 @@ def _append_reducer(
     return result
 
 
-def _build_graph(checkpointer: Any) -> Any:
+def _build_graph(
+    checkpointer: Any,
+    *,
+    reducer: Any = _append_reducer,
+    write: Any = lambda: [AIMessage(content="reply", id="ai-1")],
+) -> Any:
     State = TypedDict(  # noqa: UP013
         "State",
-        {
-            "messages": Annotated[
-                list, DeltaChannel(_append_reducer, snapshot_frequency=50)
-            ]
-        },
+        {"messages": Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(reducer, snapshot_frequency=50)]},
     )  # type: ignore[call-overload]
 
     def agent(state: dict) -> dict:
-        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content="reply", id="ai-1")]}
+        return {"messages": write()}
 
     return (
         StateGraph(State)
@@ -138,3 +143,193 @@ def test_delta_channel_dict_style_message_gets_stable_id() -> None:
     assert len(set(ids)) == 1, (
         f"dict-style HumanMessage id must be stable across get_state() calls; got {ids}"
     )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("container", [list, tuple])
+def test_delta_channel_message_in_an_overwrite_gets_stable_id(container: type) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "overwrite-id-stability"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": Overwrite(container([HumanMessage(content="hello")]))}, config
+    )
+
+    ids = [
+        next(
+            m.id
+            for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"]
+            if isinstance(m, HumanMessage)
+        )
+        for _ in range(3)
+    ]
+
+    assert ids[0] is not None, "a message inside an Overwrite should get a UUID"
+    assert len(set(ids)) == 1, (
+        f"its id must be stable across get_state() calls; got {ids}"
+    )
+
+
+# Writes of "hello" in every shape `_messages_delta_reducer` accepts.
+MESSAGE_SHAPES = [
+    pytest.param(lambda: [HumanMessage("hello")], id="message"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: HumanMessage("hello"), id="bare message"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: [{"role": "user", "content": "hello"}], id="dict"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: {"type": "human", "content": "hello"}, id="bare dict"),
+    pytest.param(
+        lambda: [{"role": "user", "content": "hello", "id": ""}], id="dict, empty id"
+    ),
+    pytest.param(lambda: [("user", "hello")], id="tuple"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: ("user", "hello"), id="bare tuple"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: ["hello"], id="string"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: "hello", id="bare string"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: Overwrite(["hello"]), id="Overwrite"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: Overwrite(("hello",)), id="Overwrite of a tuple"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: {"__overwrite__": [("user", "hello")]}, id="Overwrite dict"),
+]
+
+
+def _hello_ids(graph: Any, config: dict) -> list[str | None]:
+    return [
+        next(
+            m.id
+            for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"]
+            if m.content == "hello"
+        )
+        for _ in range(2)
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("write", MESSAGE_SHAPES)
+def test_input_message_of_any_shape_gets_stable_id(write: Any) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver(), reducer=_messages_delta_reducer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke({"messages": write()}, config)
+
+    first, second = _hello_ids(graph, config)
+    assert first, "the message should get a UUID"
+    assert first == second, "its id must be the same on every read"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("write", MESSAGE_SHAPES)
+def test_node_message_of_any_shape_gets_stable_id(write: Any) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver(), reducer=_messages_delta_reducer, write=write)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke({"messages": []}, config)
+
+    first, second = _hello_ids(graph, config)
+    assert first, "the message should get a UUID"
+    assert first == second, "its id must be the same on every read"
+
+
+def test_a_list_written_twice_adds_its_messages_twice() -> None:
+    turn = [("user", "hello")]
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver(), reducer=_messages_delta_reducer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke({"messages": turn}, config)
+    graph.invoke({"messages": turn}, config)
+
+    hellos = [
+        m.id for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"] if m.content == "hello"
+    ]
+    assert len(set(hellos)) == 2, f"each write should add a message; got {hellos}"
+    assert turn == [("user", "hello")], "the caller's list should be left as it was"
+
+
+def test_a_forked_command_update_gets_a_stable_id() -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver(), reducer=_messages_delta_reducer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")]}, config)
+    before_agent = next(
+        s.config for s in graph.get_state_history(config) if s.next == ("agent",)
+    )
+
+    graph.invoke(Command(update={"messages": "hello"}), before_agent)
+
+    first, second = _hello_ids(graph, config)
+    assert first, "the message should get a UUID"
+    assert first == second, "its id must be the same on every read"
+
+
+def test_a_message_dict_the_reducer_rejects_fails_the_run_before_it_is_saved() -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(
+        InMemorySaver(),
+        reducer=_messages_delta_reducer,
+        write=lambda: [{"role": "tool", "content": "x"}],
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")]}, config)
+
+    assert [m.id for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"]] == ["a"]
+
+
+def _pregel_graph(seen: list[list[str | None]]) -> Any:
+    def look(state: dict) -> list:
+        seen.append([m.id for m in state["messages"]])
+        return []
+
+    node = (
+        NodeBuilder()
+        .subscribe_to("go", read=False)
+        .read_from("messages")
+        .do(look)
+        .write_to("messages")
+    )
+    return Pregel(
+        nodes={"look": node},
+        channels={
+            "messages": DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer),
+            "go": LastValue(int),
+        },
+        input_channels=["messages", "go"],
+        output_channels=["messages"],
+        checkpointer=InMemorySaver(),
+    )
+
+
+def test_pregel_input_message_gets_stable_id_on_a_new_thread(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _pregel_graph([])
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage("hello")], "go": 1}, config, durability=durability
+    )
+
+    first, second = _hello_ids(graph, config)
+    assert first, "the message should get a UUID"
+    assert first == second, "its id must be the same on every read"
+
+
+def test_a_node_reads_the_pregel_input_message_ids_that_are_saved() -> None:
+    seen: list[list[str | None]] = []
+    graph = _pregel_graph(seen)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("first", id="first")], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hello"}], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    saved = [m.id for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"]]
+    assert None not in saved
+    assert seen[-1] == saved, "the node must see the ids that are saved"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        pytest.param({"type": "tool", "name": "search"}, id="not a message"),
+        pytest.param({"role": "user", "content": "x"}, id="message-shaped"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_other_delta_channels_keep_the_dicts_in_an_overwrite(value: dict) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver(), write=lambda: Overwrite([dict(value)]))
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke({"messages": []}, config)
+
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values["messages"] == [value]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_node_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""A node served from the node cache saves its writes like a node that ran,
+without writing them back to the cache, and a node that fails isn't cached."""
+
+import operator
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.cache.memory import InMemoryCache
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.types import CachePolicy, Durability
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+INPUT = {"log": [], "plain": []}
+
+
+def _append(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    return [*current, *(item for write in writes for item in write)]
+
+
+class _State(TypedDict):
+    log: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_append)]
+    plain: Annotated[list, operator.add]
+
+
+class _CountsSets(InMemoryCache):
+    sets = 0
+
+    def set(self, keys: Any) -> None:
+        self.sets += 1
+        super().set(keys)
+
+
+def _a_then_cached_b_then_c(runs: list[str], cache: InMemoryCache) -> Any:
+    def node(name: str) -> Any:
+        def run(state: _State) -> dict:
+            runs.append(name)
+            return {"log": [name], "plain": [name]}
+
+        return run
+
+    builder = StateGraph(_State)
+    builder.add_node("a", node("a"))
+    builder.add_node("b", node("b"), cache_policy=CachePolicy())
+    builder.add_node("c", node("c"))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge("a", "b")
+    builder.add_edge("b", "c")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=InMemorySaver(), cache=cache)
+
+
+def test_a_cache_hit_saves_its_writes_without_caching_them_again(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    runs: list[str] = []
+    cache = _CountsSets()
+    graph = _a_then_cached_b_then_c(runs, cache)
+    graph.invoke(INPUT, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}, durability=durability)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}}
+
+    graph.invoke(INPUT, config, durability=durability)
+
+    assert runs == ["a", "b", "c", "a", "c"]
+    assert cache.sets == 1, "the cache hit was written back to the cache"
+    for state in graph.get_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+
+async def test_a_cache_hit_saves_its_writes_without_caching_them_again_async(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    runs: list[str] = []
+    cache = _CountsSets()
+    graph = _a_then_cached_b_then_c(runs, cache)
+    await graph.ainvoke(
+        INPUT, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}, durability=durability
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "2"}}
+
+    await graph.ainvoke(INPUT, config, durability=durability)
+
+    assert runs == ["a", "b", "c", "a", "c"]
+    assert cache.sets == 1, "the cache hit was written back to the cache"
+    async for state in graph.aget_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+
+def _cached_node_that_fails(runs: list[str]) -> Any:
+    def fail(state: _State) -> dict:
+        runs.append("b")
+        raise ValueError("b failed")
+
+    builder = StateGraph(_State)
+    builder.add_node("b", fail, cache_policy=CachePolicy())
+    builder.add_edge(START, "b")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=InMemorySaver(), cache=InMemoryCache())
+
+
+def test_a_node_that_fails_is_not_cached() -> None:
+    runs: list[str] = []
+    graph = _cached_node_that_fails(runs)
+
+    for thread in ("1", "2"):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="b failed"):
+            graph.invoke(INPUT, {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread}})
+
+    assert runs == ["b", "b"]
+
+
+async def test_a_node_that_fails_is_not_cached_async() -> None:
+    runs: list[str] = []
+    graph = _cached_node_that_fails(runs)
+
+    for thread in ("1", "2"):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="b failed"):
+            await graph.ainvoke(INPUT, {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread}})
+
+    assert runs == ["b", "b"]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_parallel_order.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""`DeltaChannel` replay must apply parallel writes in the order `invoke` did."""
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.types import Send
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+# Sorted, because live execution applies PULL tasks in node-name order.
+FAN_OUT_NAMES = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h"]
+SEND_ARGS = [f"send-{i:02d}" for i in range(12)]
+
+
+def _append_reducer(current: list, updates: list) -> list:
+    return [*current, *(x for u in updates for x in u)]
+
+
+def _build_fan_out_graph(checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> Any:
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        items: Annotated[
+            list, DeltaChannel(_append_reducer, list, snapshot_frequency=10_000)
+        ]
+
+    def make_node(label: str) -> Any:
+        return lambda state: {"items": [label]}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    for name in FAN_OUT_NAMES:
+        builder.add_node(name, make_node(name))
+        builder.add_edge(START, name)
+        builder.add_edge(name, END)
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _build_send_fan_out_graph(checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> Any:
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        items: Annotated[
+            list, DeltaChannel(_append_reducer, list, snapshot_frequency=10_000)
+        ]
+
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("worker", lambda arg: {"items": [arg]})
+    builder.add_conditional_edges(
+        START, lambda state: [Send("worker", n) for n in SEND_ARGS]
+    )
+    builder.add_edge("worker", END)
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+async def test_get_state_matches_live_send_order(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_send_fan_out_graph(async_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    live = (await graph.ainvoke({"items": []}, config))["items"]
+    replayed = (await graph.aget_state(config)).values["items"]
+
+    assert live == SEND_ARGS
+    assert replayed == live
+
+
+async def test_get_state_matches_live_invoke_order(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_fan_out_graph(async_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    live = (await graph.ainvoke({"items": []}, config))["items"]
+    replayed = (await graph.aget_state(config)).values["items"]
+
+    assert live == FAN_OUT_NAMES
+    assert replayed == live
+
+
+async def test_sync_get_state_on_async_saver_matches_live_order(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_fan_out_graph(async_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    live = (await graph.ainvoke({"items": []}, config))["items"]
+    replayed = (await asyncio.to_thread(graph.get_state, config)).values["items"]
+
+    assert replayed == live
+
+
+async def test_continuing_thread_preserves_committed_prefix(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_fan_out_graph(async_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    first = (await graph.ainvoke({"items": []}, config))["items"]
+    second = (await graph.ainvoke({"items": []}, config))["items"]
+
+    assert second == first + first
+    assert (await graph.aget_state(config)).values["items"] == second
+
+
+async def test_state_history_reports_live_order_at_every_step(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    runs = 3
+    graph = _build_fan_out_graph(async_checkpointer)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    for _ in range(runs):
+        await graph.ainvoke({"items": []}, config)
+    live = FAN_OUT_NAMES * runs
+
+    seen = [
+        s.values["items"]
+        async for s in graph.aget_state_history(config)
+        if "items" in s.values
+    ]
+
+    assert max(map(len, seen)) == len(live)
+    for values in seen:
+        assert values == live[: len(values)], f"{values} is not a prefix of {live}"

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_run_input.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""A run's input to a DeltaChannel input channel reads back on the checkpoints
+built from it, and on no others."""
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+
+from langgraph.channels.binop import BinaryOperatorAggregate
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.channels.last_value import LastValue
+from langgraph.pregel import NodeBuilder, Pregel
+from langgraph.types import Durability
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+
+def _sorted_extend(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    return sorted([*current, *(item for write in writes for item in write)])
+
+
+def _delta_input_graph() -> Pregel:
+    node = NodeBuilder().subscribe_only("go").do(lambda _: [2]).write_to("log", "plain")
+    return Pregel(
+        nodes={"n": node},
+        channels={
+            "log": DeltaChannel(_sorted_extend),
+            "plain": BinaryOperatorAggregate(list, lambda a, b: sorted(a + b)),
+            "go": LastValue(int),
+        },
+        input_channels=["log", "plain", "go"],
+        output_channels=["log", "plain"],
+        checkpointer=InMemorySaver(),
+    )
+
+
+def test_each_run_input_reads_back_on_its_own_checkpoints(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    graph.invoke({"log": [0], "plain": [0], "go": 1}, config, durability=durability)
+    graph.invoke({"log": [5], "plain": [5], "go": 1}, config, durability=durability)
+
+    for state in graph.get_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+
+async def test_each_run_input_reads_back_on_its_own_checkpoints_async(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    await graph.ainvoke(
+        {"log": [0], "plain": [0], "go": 1}, config, durability=durability
+    )
+    await graph.ainvoke(
+        {"log": [5], "plain": [5], "go": 1}, config, durability=durability
+    )
+
+    async for state in graph.aget_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+
+OTHER_BRANCH_INPUTS = pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "other_branch_input",
+    [{"go": 1}, {"log": [5], "plain": [5], "go": 1}],
+    ids=["other-branch-without-delta-input", "other-branch-with-delta-input"],
+)
+
+
+@OTHER_BRANCH_INPUTS
+def test_run_input_from_an_older_checkpoint_stays_out_of_its_other_branch(
+    durability: Durability, other_branch_input: dict
+) -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"go": 1}, config, durability=durability)
+    older = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.invoke(other_branch_input, config, durability=durability)
+
+    graph.invoke({"log": [7], "plain": [7], "go": 1}, older, durability=durability)
+
+    for state in graph.get_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+
+@OTHER_BRANCH_INPUTS
+async def test_run_input_from_an_older_checkpoint_stays_out_of_its_other_branch_async(
+    durability: Durability, other_branch_input: dict
+) -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"go": 1}, config, durability=durability)
+    older = (await graph.aget_state(config)).config
+    await graph.ainvoke(other_branch_input, config, durability=durability)
+
+    await graph.ainvoke(
+        {"log": [7], "plain": [7], "go": 1}, older, durability=durability
+    )
+
+    async for state in graph.aget_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_seal_subscribers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.channels.last_value import LastValue
+from langgraph.pregel import NodeBuilder, Pregel
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+CONFIG = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+
+def _extend(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    return [*current, *(item for write in writes for item in write)]
+
+
+def _graph(reads: list) -> Pregel:
+    writer = NodeBuilder().subscribe_only("a").do(lambda _: [1]).write_to("d")
+    reader = NodeBuilder().subscribe_only("d").do(lambda d: reads.append(list(d)))
+    return Pregel(
+        nodes={"writer": writer, "reader": reader},
+        channels={"a": LastValue(str), "d": DeltaChannel(_extend)},
+        input_channels="a",
+        output_channels=["d"],
+        checkpointer=InMemorySaver(),
+    )
+
+
+def test_an_input_update_from_before_the_first_write_starts_only_the_writer() -> None:
+    reads: list = []
+    graph = _graph(reads)
+    graph.invoke("go", CONFIG)
+    first = next(
+        s.config for s in graph.get_state_history(CONFIG) if s.metadata["step"] == -1
+    )
+
+    fork = graph.update_state(first, {"a": "go"}, as_node="__input__")
+
+    assert graph.get_state(fork).next == ("writer",)
+    graph.invoke(None, fork)
+    assert reads == [[1], [1]]
+
+
+def test_a_replay_from_before_the_first_write_forks_with_only_the_writer_next() -> None:
+    reads: list = []
+    graph = _graph(reads)
+    graph.invoke("go", CONFIG)
+    first = next(
+        s.config for s in graph.get_state_history(CONFIG) if s.metadata["step"] == -1
+    )
+
+    graph.invoke(None, first, durability="sync")
+
+    fork = next(
+        s for s in graph.get_state_history(CONFIG) if s.metadata["source"] == "fork"
+    )
+    assert fork.next == ("writer",)
+    graph.invoke(None, fork.config)
+    assert reads == [[1], [1], [1]]
+
+
+async def test_an_ainput_update_from_before_the_first_write_starts_only_the_writer() -> (
+    None
+):
+    reads: list = []
+    graph = _graph(reads)
+    await graph.ainvoke("go", CONFIG)
+    first = [
+        s.config
+        async for s in graph.aget_state_history(CONFIG)
+        if s.metadata["step"] == -1
+    ][0]
+
+    fork = await graph.aupdate_state(first, {"a": "go"}, as_node="__input__")
+
+    assert (await graph.aget_state(fork)).next == ("writer",)
+    await graph.ainvoke(None, fork)
+    assert reads == [[1], [1]]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_to_plain.py

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+import operator
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, HumanMessage
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.binop import BinaryOperatorAggregate
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer, add_messages
+from langgraph.pregel._checkpoint import channels_from_checkpoint, empty_checkpoint
+from langgraph.types import Overwrite
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+
+class DeltaState(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[
+        list, DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer, snapshot_frequency=3)
+    ]
+
+
+class PlainState(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list, add_messages]
+
+
+def _app(schema: type, checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> Any:
+    builder = StateGraph(schema)
+    builder.add_node(
+        "chat",
+        lambda state: {"messages": [AIMessage(f"reply {len(state['messages'])}")]},
+    )
+    builder.add_edge(START, "chat")
+    builder.add_edge("chat", END)
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _delta_thread(checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> RunnableConfig:
+    config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    delta = _app(DeltaState, checkpointer)
+    for i in range(4):
+        delta.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(f"q{i}")]}, config)
+    assert any(
+        isinstance(t.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("messages"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+        for t in checkpointer.list(config)
+    ), "the thread should have a snapshot to read through"
+    return config
+
+
+def test_plain_reducer_reads_every_delta_written_checkpoint(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    config = _delta_thread(sync_checkpointer)
+    delta = _app(DeltaState, sync_checkpointer)
+    plain = _app(PlainState, sync_checkpointer)
+
+    assert [s.values for s in plain.get_state_history(config)] == [
+        s.values for s in delta.get_state_history(config)
+    ]
+
+
+def test_plain_reducer_continues_delta_written_thread(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    config = _delta_thread(sync_checkpointer)
+    delta = _app(DeltaState, sync_checkpointer)
+    before = delta.get_state(config).values["messages"]
+
+    after = _app(PlainState, sync_checkpointer).invoke(
+        {"messages": [HumanMessage("q4")]}, config
+    )["messages"]
+
+    assert after[:-2] == before
+    assert [m.content for m in after[-2:]] == ["q4", f"reply {len(before) + 1}"]
+    head = sync_checkpointer.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert head.checkpoint["channel_values"]["messages"] == after
+    assert delta.get_state(config).values["messages"] == after
+
+
+async def test_plain_reducer_reads_and_continues_delta_written_thread_async(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    delta = _app(DeltaState, async_checkpointer)
+    for i in range(4):
+        await delta.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(f"q{i}")]}, config)
+    plain = _app(PlainState, async_checkpointer)
+
+    expected = [s.values async for s in delta.aget_state_history(config)]
+    assert [s.values async for s in plain.aget_state_history(config)] == expected
+
+    after = (await plain.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("q4")]}, config))[
+        "messages"
+    ]
+    assert after[:-2] == expected[0]["messages"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("seed", "writes", "expected"),
+    [
+        (_DeltaSnapshot(["a"]), [["b"], ["c"]], ["a", "b", "c"]),
+        (["a"], [["b"], Overwrite(["c"]), ["d"]], ["c", "d"]),
+        (None, [["b"], Overwrite(["c"]), Overwrite(["d"]), ["e"]], ["d", "e"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_plain_reducer_replays_delta_history_one_write_at_a_time(
+    seed: Any, writes: list[Any], expected: list[str]
+) -> None:
+    history: dict[str, Any] = {"writes": [("t", "items", w) for w in writes]}
+    if seed is not None:
+        history["seed"] = seed
+    checkpoint = empty_checkpoint()
+    checkpoint["channel_versions"]["items"] = 1
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+
+    with patch.object(
+        saver, "get_delta_channel_history", return_value={"items": history}
+    ):
+        channels, _ = channels_from_checkpoint(
+            {"items": BinaryOperatorAggregate(list, operator.add)},
+            checkpoint,
+            saver=saver,
+            config={"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}},
+        )
+
+    assert channels["items"].get() == expected
+
+
+def test_plain_thread_reads_never_walk_history() -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    plain = _app(PlainState, saver)
+
+    with patch.object(saver, "get_delta_channel_history") as walk:
+        plain.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("q0")]}, config)
+        plain.update_state(config, {"messages": [HumanMessage("note")]})
+        plain.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("q1")]}, config)
+        plain.get_state(config)
+        list(plain.get_state_history(config))
+
+    walk.assert_not_called()

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_update_overwrite.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""An `Overwrite` through `update_state` snapshots its DeltaChannel on the
+checkpoint the update saves, as a node's `Overwrite` does on the loop's."""
+
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.channels.last_value import LastValue
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
+from langgraph.pregel import NodeBuilder, Pregel
+from langgraph.types import Overwrite
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+
+class _State(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer)]
+
+
+def _messages_graph(saver: InMemorySaver) -> Any:
+    builder = StateGraph(_State)
+    builder.add_node("model", lambda state: {})
+    builder.add_edge(START, "model")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=saver)
+
+
+def _extend(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    return [*current, *(item for write in writes for item in write)]
+
+
+def _delta_input_graph(saver: InMemorySaver) -> Pregel:
+    node = NodeBuilder().subscribe_only("go").do(lambda _: [2]).write_to("log")
+    return Pregel(
+        nodes={"n": node},
+        channels={"log": DeltaChannel(_extend), "go": LastValue(int)},
+        input_channels=["log", "go"],
+        output_channels=["log"],
+        checkpointer=saver,
+    )
+
+
+def test_update_state_with_an_overwrite_snapshots_the_channel() -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _messages_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="a", id="1")]}, config)
+
+    graph.update_state(
+        config,
+        {"messages": Overwrite([HumanMessage(content="b", id="2")])},
+        as_node="model",
+    )
+
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("messages"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+    assert [m.content for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"]] == ["b"]
+
+
+async def test_aupdate_state_with_an_overwrite_snapshots_the_channel() -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _messages_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="a", id="1")]}, config)
+
+    await graph.aupdate_state(
+        config,
+        {"messages": Overwrite([HumanMessage(content="b", id="2")])},
+        as_node="model",
+    )
+
+    head = await saver.aget_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("messages"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+    values = (await graph.aget_state(config)).values
+    assert [m.content for m in values["messages"]] == ["b"]
+
+
+def test_update_state_as_input_with_an_overwrite_snapshots_the_channel() -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _delta_input_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"log": [0], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    graph.update_state(config, {"log": Overwrite([1])}, as_node="__input__")
+
+    head = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("log"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values["log"] == [1]
+
+
+async def test_aupdate_state_as_input_with_an_overwrite_snapshots_the_channel() -> None:
+    saver = InMemorySaver()
+    graph = _delta_input_graph(saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"log": [0], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    await graph.aupdate_state(config, {"log": Overwrite([1])}, as_node="__input__")
+
+    head = await saver.aget_tuple(config)
+    assert head is not None
+    assert isinstance(head.checkpoint["channel_values"].get("log"), _DeltaSnapshot)
+    assert (await graph.aget_state(config)).values["log"] == [1]

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_update_state.py

@@ -20,23 +20,28 @@ from typing import Annotated, Any
 
 import pytest
 from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
 from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
 from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import _DeltaSnapshot
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
+from langgraph.channels.binop import BinaryOperatorAggregate
 from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.channels.last_value import LastValue
 from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
 from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer
-from langgraph.types import StateUpdate
+from langgraph.pregel import NodeBuilder, Pregel
+from langgraph.types import Overwrite, StateSnapshot, StateUpdate
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
 
 
 def _build_graph(
-    checkpointer: InMemorySaver,
+    checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
     *,
     two_nodes: bool = False,
     snapshot_frequency: int = 1000,
+    interrupt_before: list[str] | None = None,
 ) -> Any:
     """Compile a minimal DeltaChannel-backed `messages` graph.
 
@@ -63,7 +68,7 @@ def _build_graph(
         builder.set_finish_point("assistant")
     else:
         builder.set_finish_point("model")
-    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer, interrupt_before=interrupt_before)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -304,15 +309,14 @@ def test_bulk_update_state_multi_task_per_superstep_delta_channel() -> None:
     that each call `put_writes`. Guards the regression where moving
     `put_writes` outside the per-task loop would persist only the last
     task's writes.
-
-    Explicit `task_id`s are required to disambiguate writes belonging to
-    different `StateUpdate`s targeting the same node — otherwise both share
-    the deterministic interrupt-derived id and collide in the saver.
     """
 
     saver = InMemorySaver()
     graph = _build_graph(saver)
     config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bulk-multi-task"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="hi")]}, config)
+    base = saver.get_tuple(config)
+    assert base is not None
 
     graph.bulk_update_state(
         config,
@@ -332,13 +336,155 @@ def test_bulk_update_state_multi_task_per_superstep_delta_channel() -> None:
         ],
     )
 
+    stored = saver.get_tuple(base.config)
+    assert stored is not None
+    assert {task_id for task_id, _, _ in stored.pending_writes or []} == {
+        "task-1",
+        "task-2",
+    }, "explicit task ids must key the stored writes"
     state = graph.get_state(config)
     contents = [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]]
     ids = [m.id for m in state.values["messages"]]
-    assert sorted(contents) == ["first", "second"], (
+    assert sorted(contents) == ["first", "hi", "second"], (
         f"both updates' writes must persist; got {contents}"
     )
-    assert sorted(ids) == ["m1", "m2"]
+    assert sorted(ids) == ["hi", "m1", "m2"]
+
+
+def _update(content: str, as_node: str) -> StateUpdate:
+    return StateUpdate(
+        values={"messages": [HumanMessage(content=content, id=content)]},
+        as_node=as_node,
+    )
+
+
+def _contents(state: StateSnapshot) -> list[str]:
+    return [m.content for m in state.values["messages"]]
+
+
+def test_bulk_update_state_keeps_every_update_without_task_ids(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(sync_checkpointer, two_nodes=True)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bulk-no-task-ids"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="hi")]}, config)
+
+    graph.bulk_update_state(
+        config,
+        [
+            [
+                _update("first", "model"),
+                _update("second", "model"),
+                _update("third", "assistant"),
+            ]
+        ],
+    )
+
+    contents = _contents(graph.get_state(config))
+    assert sorted(contents) == ["first", "hi", "second", "third"], (
+        f"every update's writes must persist; got {contents}"
+    )
+
+
+async def test_abulk_update_state_keeps_every_update_without_task_ids(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(async_checkpointer, two_nodes=True)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bulk-no-task-ids"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="hi")]}, config)
+
+    await graph.abulk_update_state(
+        config,
+        [
+            [
+                _update("first", "model"),
+                _update("second", "model"),
+                _update("third", "assistant"),
+            ]
+        ],
+    )
+
+    contents = _contents(await graph.aget_state(config))
+    assert sorted(contents) == ["first", "hi", "second", "third"], (
+        f"every update's writes must persist; got {contents}"
+    )
+
+
+def test_bulk_update_state_keeps_every_update_next_to_a_pending_task(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(
+        sync_checkpointer, two_nodes=True, interrupt_before=["assistant"]
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bulk-pending-task"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="hi")]}, config)
+    assert graph.get_state(config).next == ("assistant",)
+
+    graph.bulk_update_state(
+        config,
+        [
+            [
+                _update("first", "assistant"),
+                _update("second", "model"),
+                _update("third", "model"),
+            ]
+        ],
+    )
+
+    contents = _contents(graph.get_state(config))
+    assert sorted(contents) == ["first", "hi", "second", "third"], (
+        f"every update's writes must persist; got {contents}"
+    )
+
+
+class _TaskPathOrderSaver(InMemorySaver):
+    """Replays each checkpoint's writes by `(task_path, task_id, idx)`."""
+
+    def get_tuple(self, config: Any) -> Any:
+        tup = super().get_tuple(config)
+        if tup is None or not tup.pending_writes:
+            return tup
+        conf = tup.config["configurable"]
+        stored = self.writes[
+            (conf["thread_id"], conf["checkpoint_ns"], conf["checkpoint_id"])
+        ]
+        rows = sorted(
+            zip(stored.items(), tup.pending_writes),
+            key=lambda row: (row[0][1][3], *row[0][0]),
+        )
+        return tup._replace(pending_writes=[write for _, write in rows])
+
+    get_delta_channel_history = BaseCheckpointSaver.get_delta_channel_history
+    aget_delta_channel_history = BaseCheckpointSaver.aget_delta_channel_history
+
+
+GIVEN = ["u1", "u2", "u3", "u4", "u5", "u6"]
+
+
+def _updates_in_given_order() -> list[list[StateUpdate]]:
+    return [
+        [_update(c, "assistant" if i % 2 else "model") for i, c in enumerate(GIVEN)]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_bulk_update_state_replays_updates_in_the_order_given() -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(_TaskPathOrderSaver(), two_nodes=True)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bulk-order"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="hi")]}, config)
+
+    graph.bulk_update_state(config, _updates_in_given_order())
+
+    assert _contents(graph.get_state(config)) == ["hi", *GIVEN]
+
+
+async def test_abulk_update_state_replays_updates_in_the_order_given() -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(_TaskPathOrderSaver(), two_nodes=True)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "bulk-order"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage(content="hi", id="hi")]}, config)
+
+    await graph.abulk_update_state(config, _updates_in_given_order())
+
+    assert _contents(await graph.aget_state(config)) == ["hi", *GIVEN]
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -395,3 +541,207 @@ def test_update_state_that_snapshots_keeps_a_deferred_node_pending() -> None:
 
     assert [m.content for m in final["messages"]] == ["s", "a", "u", "b"]
     assert graph.get_state(config).next == ()
+
+
+def _sorted_extend(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    return sorted([*current, *(item for write in writes for item in write)])
+
+
+def _delta_input_graph(snapshot_frequency: int = 1000) -> Any:
+    node = NodeBuilder().subscribe_only("go").do(lambda _: [2]).write_to("log", "plain")
+    return Pregel(
+        nodes={"n": node},
+        channels={
+            "log": DeltaChannel(_sorted_extend, snapshot_frequency=snapshot_frequency),
+            "plain": BinaryOperatorAggregate(list, lambda a, b: sorted(a + b)),
+            "go": LastValue(int),
+        },
+        input_channels=["log", "plain", "go"],
+        output_channels=["log", "plain"],
+        checkpointer=InMemorySaver(),
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("snapshot_frequency", [1, 2])
+def test_update_as_input_reads_back_on_its_checkpoint_and_after_the_next_run(
+    snapshot_frequency: int,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph(snapshot_frequency)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"log": [0], "plain": [0], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    graph.update_state(config, {"log": [1], "plain": [1], "go": 1}, as_node="__input__")
+    after_update = graph.get_state(config).values
+    graph.invoke(None, config)
+    after_run = graph.get_state(config).values
+
+    assert after_update["log"] == after_update["plain"]
+    assert after_run["log"] == after_run["plain"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("snapshot_frequency", [1, 2])
+async def test_aupdate_as_input_reads_back_on_its_checkpoint_and_after_the_next_run(
+    snapshot_frequency: int,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph(snapshot_frequency)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"log": [0], "plain": [0], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    await graph.aupdate_state(
+        config, {"log": [1], "plain": [1], "go": 1}, as_node="__input__"
+    )
+    after_update = (await graph.aget_state(config)).values
+    await graph.ainvoke(None, config)
+    after_run = (await graph.aget_state(config)).values
+
+    assert after_update["log"] == after_update["plain"]
+    assert after_run["log"] == after_run["plain"]
+
+
+def test_update_as_input_to_an_older_checkpoint_stays_out_of_its_other_branch() -> None:
+    graph = _delta_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"go": 1}, config)
+    older = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.invoke({"go": 1}, config)
+    other_branch = graph.get_state(config)
+
+    edited = graph.update_state(
+        older, {"log": [1], "plain": [1], "go": 1}, as_node="__input__"
+    )
+
+    values = graph.get_state(edited).values
+    assert values["log"] == values["plain"]
+    assert graph.get_state(other_branch.config).values == other_branch.values
+
+
+async def test_aupdate_as_input_to_an_older_checkpoint_stays_out_of_its_other_branch() -> (
+    None
+):
+    graph = _delta_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"go": 1}, config)
+    older = (await graph.aget_state(config)).config
+    await graph.ainvoke({"go": 1}, config)
+    other_branch = await graph.aget_state(config)
+
+    edited = await graph.aupdate_state(
+        older, {"log": [1], "plain": [1], "go": 1}, as_node="__input__"
+    )
+
+    values = (await graph.aget_state(edited)).values
+    assert values["log"] == values["plain"]
+    assert (await graph.aget_state(other_branch.config)).values == other_branch.values
+
+
+def _message_ids(graph: Any, config: dict) -> list[str | None]:
+    return [m.id for m in graph.get_state(config).values["messages"]]
+
+
+async def _amessage_ids(graph: Any, config: dict) -> list[str | None]:
+    return [m.id for m in (await graph.aget_state(config)).values["messages"]]
+
+
+def _messages_input_graph() -> Any:
+    node = (
+        NodeBuilder()
+        .subscribe_only("go")
+        .do(lambda _: [HumanMessage("n", id="n")])
+        .write_to("messages")
+    )
+    return Pregel(
+        nodes={"n": node},
+        channels={
+            "messages": DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer),
+            "go": LastValue(int),
+        },
+        input_channels=["messages", "go"],
+        output_channels=["messages"],
+        checkpointer=InMemorySaver(),
+    )
+
+
+# Writes of "b" in shapes `_messages_delta_reducer` accepts.
+MESSAGE_SHAPES = [
+    pytest.param(lambda: [HumanMessage("b")], id="message"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: ["b"], id="string"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: "b", id="bare string"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: [("user", "b")], id="tuple"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: {"role": "user", "content": "b"}, id="bare dict"),
+    pytest.param(lambda: Overwrite([HumanMessage("b")]), id="Overwrite"),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("write", MESSAGE_SHAPES)
+def test_update_state_gives_a_message_of_any_shape_an_id_that_every_read_keeps(
+    write: Any,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")]}, config)
+
+    graph.update_state(config, {"messages": write()})
+
+    first, second = _message_ids(graph, config), _message_ids(graph, config)
+    assert first[-1] is not None
+    assert first == second
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("write", MESSAGE_SHAPES)
+async def test_aupdate_state_gives_a_message_of_any_shape_an_id_that_every_read_keeps(
+    write: Any,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")]}, config)
+
+    await graph.aupdate_state(config, {"messages": write()})
+
+    first, second = (
+        await _amessage_ids(graph, config),
+        await _amessage_ids(graph, config),
+    )
+    assert first[-1] is not None
+    assert first == second
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("write", MESSAGE_SHAPES)
+def test_update_as_input_gives_a_message_of_any_shape_an_id(write: Any) -> None:
+    graph = _messages_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    graph.update_state(config, {"messages": write()}, as_node="__input__")
+
+    first, second = _message_ids(graph, config), _message_ids(graph, config)
+    assert first[-1] is not None
+    assert first == second
+
+
+def test_update_state_on_an_older_checkpoint_gives_a_message_an_id() -> None:
+    graph = _build_graph(InMemorySaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")]}, config)
+    older = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.invoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("c", id="c")]}, config)
+
+    branch = graph.update_state(older, {"messages": [HumanMessage("b")]})
+
+    assert _message_ids(graph, branch)[-1] is not None
+
+
+async def test_aupdate_as_input_gives_a_message_an_id_that_every_read_keeps() -> None:
+    graph = _messages_input_graph()
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"messages": [HumanMessage("a", id="a")], "go": 1}, config)
+
+    await graph.aupdate_state(
+        config, {"messages": [HumanMessage("b")]}, as_node="__input__"
+    )
+
+    first, second = (
+        await _amessage_ids(graph, config),
+        await _amessage_ids(graph, config),
+    )
+    assert first[-1] is not None
+    assert first == second

libs/langgraph/tests/test_delta_channel_write_failures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""A checkpoint must never be saved without the `DeltaChannel` writes it reads."""
+
+import operator
+import threading
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.types import Durability
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.anyio
+
+INPUT = {"log": [], "plain": []}
+FINAL = {"log": ["a", "b", "c"], "plain": ["a", "b", "c"]}
+
+# Exit mode saves nothing before the failed write, so its retry starts over.
+RETRIES = [
+    pytest.param("sync", None, id="sync"),
+    pytest.param("async", None, id="async"),
+    pytest.param("exit", INPUT, id="exit"),
+]
+
+
+def _append(current: list, writes: list) -> list:
+    return [*current, *(item for write in writes for item in write)]
+
+
+class _State(TypedDict):
+    log: Annotated[list, DeltaChannel(_append)]
+    plain: Annotated[list, operator.add]
+
+
+class _FailsTheWriteOfBOnce(InMemorySaver):
+    failed = False
+
+    def _fail_once(self, writes: Any) -> None:
+        if not self.failed and ("log", ["b"]) in writes:
+            self.failed = True
+            raise ConnectionError("b's write was not saved")
+
+    def put_writes(
+        self, config: Any, writes: Any, task_id: str, task_path: str = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        self._fail_once(writes)
+        super().put_writes(config, writes, task_id, task_path)
+
+    async def aput_writes(
+        self, config: Any, writes: Any, task_id: str, task_path: str = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        self._fail_once(writes)
+        await super().aput_writes(config, writes, task_id, task_path)
+
+
+class _FailsTheSaveAfterAOnce(InMemorySaver):
+    failed = False
+
+    def _fail_once(self, checkpoint: Any) -> None:
+        if not self.failed and checkpoint["channel_values"].get("plain") == ["a"]:
+            self.failed = True
+            raise ConnectionError("the checkpoint after a was not saved")
+
+    def put(
+        self, config: Any, checkpoint: Any, metadata: Any, new_versions: Any
+    ) -> Any:
+        self._fail_once(checkpoint)
+        return super().put(config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions)
+
+    async def aput(
+        self, config: Any, checkpoint: Any, metadata: Any, new_versions: Any
+    ) -> Any:
+        self._fail_once(checkpoint)
+        return await super().aput(config, checkpoint, metadata, new_versions)
+
+
+def _a_then_b_then_c(saver: InMemorySaver) -> Any:
+    builder = StateGraph(_State)
+    for name in "abc":
+        builder.add_node(
+            name, lambda state, name=name: {"log": [name], "plain": [name]}
+        )
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge("a", "b")
+    builder.add_edge("b", "c")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=saver)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("durability", "retry_input"), RETRIES)
+def test_a_failed_delta_write_is_rerun_not_lost(
+    durability: Durability, retry_input: dict | None
+) -> None:
+    graph = _a_then_b_then_c(_FailsTheWriteOfBOnce())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
+        graph.invoke(INPUT, config, durability=durability)
+    for state in graph.get_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+    graph.invoke(retry_input, config, durability=durability)
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values == FINAL
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("durability", "retry_input"), RETRIES)
+async def test_a_failed_delta_write_is_rerun_not_lost_async(
+    durability: Durability, retry_input: dict | None
+) -> None:
+    graph = _a_then_b_then_c(_FailsTheWriteOfBOnce())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
+        await graph.ainvoke(INPUT, config, durability=durability)
+    async for state in graph.aget_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+    await graph.ainvoke(retry_input, config, durability=durability)
+    assert (await graph.aget_state(config)).values == FINAL
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("durability", ["sync", "async"])
+def test_a_failed_checkpoint_save_is_rerun_not_built_on(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _a_then_b_then_c(_FailsTheSaveAfterAOnce())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
+        graph.invoke(INPUT, config, durability=durability)
+    for state in graph.get_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+    graph.invoke(None, config, durability=durability)
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values == FINAL
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("durability", ["sync", "async"])
+async def test_a_failed_checkpoint_save_is_rerun_not_built_on_async(
+    durability: Durability,
+) -> None:
+    graph = _a_then_b_then_c(_FailsTheSaveAfterAOnce())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
+        await graph.ainvoke(INPUT, config, durability=durability)
+    async for state in graph.aget_state_history(config):
+        assert state.values.get("log", []) == state.values.get("plain", [])
+
+    await graph.ainvoke(None, config, durability=durability)
+    assert (await graph.aget_state(config)).values == FINAL
+
+
+def test_a_delta_graph_finishes_on_a_single_background_thread() -> None:
+    graph = _a_then_b_then_c(InMemorySaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}, "max_concurrency": 1}
+    result: dict = {}
+    run = threading.Thread(
+        target=lambda: result.update(graph.invoke(INPUT, config, durability="async")),
+        daemon=True,
+    )
+
+    run.start()
+    run.join(timeout=10)
+
+    assert not run.is_alive(), "invoke hung"
+    assert result == FINAL

libs/langgraph/tests/test_interrupt_state.py

@@ -152,6 +152,83 @@ def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt(
         assert asked == [["A1", "B"]]
 
 
+def test_finished_task_output_applies_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("a", lambda s: {"log": [f"a:{interrupt('A')}"]})
+    builder.add_node("b", lambda s: {"log": [f"b:{interrupt('B')}"]})
+    builder.add_node("c", lambda s: {"log": [f"c:{interrupt('C')}"]})
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "b")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "c")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = _config()
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    while pending := result.get("__interrupt__"):
+        result = graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume={pending[0].id: "yes"}), config, durability=durability
+        )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:yes", "c:yes"]
+
+
+def test_resume_with_update_applies_the_update_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    def ask_three_times(state: State) -> State:
+        answers = [interrupt(str(question)) for question in range(1, 4)]
+        return {"log": ["a:" + "".join(answers)]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", ask_three_times)
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = _config()
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    for i in range(1, 4):
+        result = graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume=str(i), update={"log": [f"u{i}"]}),
+            config,
+            durability=durability,
+        )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:123", "u1", "u2", "u3"]
+    assert sorted(graph.get_state(config).values["log"]) == sorted(result["log"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("checkpoint_id", ["none", "head"])
+def test_resume_at_the_latest_checkpoint_does_not_rerun_finished_task(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, checkpoint_id: str
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls)
+    config = _config()
+    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
+
+    def resume(question: str, answer: str) -> Any:
+        snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+        target = (
+            snapshot.config
+            if checkpoint_id == "head"
+            else {"configurable": {**config["configurable"], "checkpoint_id": None}}
+        )
+        return graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, question).id: answer}),
+            target,
+        )
+
+    resume("A1", "yes")
+    result = resume("B", "ok")
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
+    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}, "resuming B ran the finished A again"
+
+
 @NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
 async def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt_async(
     async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
@@ -474,6 +551,64 @@ def test_functional_task_finished_with_none_is_not_rerun(
     assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}
 
 
+def test_subgraph_finished_task_is_not_rerun(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("child", _build_parallel(None, calls))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "child")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = _config()
+
+    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+    graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}),
+        config,
+        durability=durability,
+    )
+    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+    result = graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}),
+        config,
+        durability=durability,
+    )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
+    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}, "resuming B ran the finished A again"
+
+
+def test_nested_entrypoint_finished_task_is_not_rerun(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+
+    @task
+    def step_1(query: str) -> str:
+        calls["step_1"] += 1
+        return f"{query} bar"
+
+    @task
+    def human_feedback(query: str) -> str:
+        calls["human_feedback"] += 1
+        return f"{query} {interrupt('feedback?')}"
+
+    @entrypoint()
+    def child(query: str) -> str:
+        return human_feedback(step_1(query).result()).result()
+
+    @entrypoint(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    def parent(query: str) -> str:
+        return child.invoke(query)
+
+    config = _config()
+    parent.invoke("foo", config)
+
+    assert parent.invoke(Command(resume="baz"), config) == "foo bar baz"
+    assert calls == {"step_1": 1, "human_feedback": 2}
+
+
 # --- Reading task status from recorded writes ---
 
 

libs/langgraph/tests/test_interruption.py

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
+import asyncio
+import operator
+import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Annotated, Any
 
 import pytest
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
+from langgraph.errors import is_invalid_resume
 from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
 from langgraph.types import Command, Durability, Interrupt, interrupt
 from tests.any_str import AnyStr
@@ -202,14 +206,22 @@ def test_interrupt_response_schema_rejects_invalid_resume(
     def resume(value: dict[str, Any]) -> Command:
         return Command(resume=value if resume_style == "null" else {pending.id: value})
 
-    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved"):
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved") as exc_info:
         graph.invoke(resume({"approved": "nope"}), config)
+    assert is_invalid_resume(exc_info.value)
 
     assert graph.invoke(resume({"approved": False}), config) == {
         "answer": Decision(approved=False)
     }
 
 
+def test_is_invalid_resume_ignores_other_errors() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+        Decision.model_validate({"approved": "nope"})
+    assert not is_invalid_resume(exc_info.value)
+    assert not is_invalid_resume(ValueError("nope"))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("resume_style", ["null", "id_map"])
 def test_interrupt_response_schema_invalid_resume_after_earlier_interrupt(
     sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, resume_style: str
@@ -242,3 +254,61 @@ def test_interrupt_response_schema_invalid_resume_after_earlier_interrupt(
     assert graph.invoke(resume({"approved": True}), config) == {
         "answer": ["ok", Decision(approved=True)]
     }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 11),
+    reason="Python 3.11+ is required for async contextvars support",
+)
+async def test_invalid_resume_lets_other_answered_tasks_finish(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """An invalid answer fails the resume without cutting off the other answered tasks.
+
+    A task cancelled after its side effect keeps its answer and runs again on the next
+    resume, so the side effect would happen twice.
+    """
+    sent: list[str] = []
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        log: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    async def send(state: State) -> State:
+        interrupt("send?", response_schema=Decision)
+        sent.append("email")
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # waiting on the reply to a request already sent
+        return {"log": ["sent"]}
+
+    async def check(state: State) -> State:
+        interrupt("check?", response_schema=Decision)
+        return {"log": ["checked"]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("send", send)
+        .add_node("check", check)
+        .add_edge(START, "send")
+        .add_edge(START, "check")
+        .compile(checkpointer=async_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"log": []}, config)
+    ids = {i.value: i.id for i in (await graph.aget_state(config)).interrupts}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved"):
+        await graph.ainvoke(
+            Command(
+                resume={
+                    ids["send?"]: {"approved": True},
+                    ids["check?"]: {"approved": "nope"},
+                }
+            ),
+            config,
+        )
+    pending = [i.value for i in (await graph.aget_state(config)).interrupts]
+    assert (pending, sent) == (["check?"], ["email"])
+
+    result = await graph.ainvoke(
+        Command(resume={ids["check?"]: {"approved": True}}), config
+    )
+    assert (sorted(result["log"]), sent) == (["checked", "sent"], ["email"])

libs/langgraph/tests/test_pregel.py

@@ -5932,9 +5932,9 @@ def test_no_redundant_put_writes_for_cached_task(
     put_writes_task_ids: list[str] = []
     orig = PregelLoop.put_writes
 
-    def spy(self, task_id, writes):
+    def spy(self, task_id, writes, **kwargs):
         put_writes_task_ids.append(task_id)
-        return orig(self, task_id, writes)
+        return orig(self, task_id, writes, **kwargs)
 
     with patch.object(PregelLoop, "put_writes", spy):
         result = workflow.invoke(Command(resume="ans"), config=config)
@@ -7737,6 +7737,8 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
 def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
     # --- CHILD GRAPH ---
 
+    answered: Counter[str] = Counter()
+
     class ChildState(BaseModel):
         prompt: str = Field(..., description="What is going to be asked to the user?")
         human_input: str | None = Field(None, description="What the human said")
@@ -7746,6 +7748,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N
 
     def get_human_input(state: ChildState):
         human_input = interrupt(state.prompt)
+        answered["human"] += 1
 
         return dict(
             human_inputs=[human_input],  # update parent state
@@ -7753,6 +7756,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N
 
     def get_dolphin_input(state: ChildState):
         human_input = interrupt(state.prompt)
+        answered["dolphin"] += 1
 
         return dict(
             human_inputs=[human_input],  # update parent state
@@ -7846,6 +7850,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N
 
     assert invokes == 5
     assert len(events) == 5
+    assert answered == {"human": 2, "dolphin": 2}
 
 
 def test_pregel_loop_refcount():

libs/langgraph/tests/test_pregel_async.py

@@ -8157,9 +8157,9 @@ async def test_no_redundant_put_writes_for_cached_task(
     put_writes_task_ids: list[str] = []
     orig = PregelLoop.put_writes
 
-    def spy(self, task_id, writes):
+    def spy(self, task_id, writes, **kwargs):
         put_writes_task_ids.append(task_id)
-        return orig(self, task_id, writes)
+        return orig(self, task_id, writes, **kwargs)
 
     with patch.object(PregelLoop, "put_writes", spy):
         result = await workflow.ainvoke(Command(resume="ans"), config=config)

libs/langgraph/tests/test_prune_postgres.py

@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+import operator
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from threading import Event
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import pytest
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, AnyMessage, HumanMessage
+from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableConfig
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
+from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres.base import PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL, PRUNE_HEADS_SQL
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+from langgraph.channels.delta import DeltaChannel
+from langgraph.graph import START, StateGraph
+from langgraph.graph.message import _messages_delta_reducer, add_messages
+from langgraph.types import Command, StateSnapshot, interrupt
+from tests.conftest import NO_DOCKER
+from tests.conftest_checkpointer import (
+    DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI,
+    _checkpointer_postgres,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pool,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pool,
+)
+
+pytestmark = [
+    pytest.mark.anyio,
+    pytest.mark.skipif(NO_DOCKER, reason="needs Postgres"),
+]
+
+NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 11),
+    reason="Python 3.11+ is required for async contextvars support",
+)
+
+SYNC = [
+    _checkpointer_postgres,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_pool,
+]
+ASYNC = [
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pipe,
+    _checkpointer_postgres_aio_pool,
+]
+
+
+class State(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list[AnyMessage], add_messages]
+    notes: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+
+class DeltaState(TypedDict):
+    messages: Annotated[list[AnyMessage], DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer)]
+
+
+def _reply(ask: bool):
+    def reply(state: dict) -> dict:
+        n = len(state["messages"])
+        answer = interrupt("approve?") if ask else "ok"
+        return {"messages": [AIMessage(f"{answer} {n}", id=f"reply-{n}")]}
+
+    return reply
+
+
+def _graph(
+    checkpointer: Any,
+    *,
+    ask: bool = False,
+    fail: set[str] | None = None,
+    calls: dict[str, int] | None = None,
+    before_fail: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    def note(name: str):
+        def node(state: State) -> dict:
+            if calls is not None:
+                calls[name] = calls.get(name, 0) + 1
+            if fail is not None and name in fail:
+                if before_fail is not None:
+                    before_fail()
+                fail.discard(name)
+                raise ValueError(f"{name} failed")
+            return {"notes": [name]}
+
+        return node
+
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("left", note("left"))
+    builder.add_node("right", note("right"))
+    builder.add_node("reply", _reply(ask))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "left")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "right")
+    builder.add_edge(["left", "right"], "reply")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _counting_subgraph(name: str, *, checkpointer: bool | None) -> Any:
+    class Calls(TypedDict):
+        messages: Annotated[list[AnyMessage], add_messages]
+        calls: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    def count(state: Calls) -> dict:
+        n = len(state["messages"])
+        reply = AIMessage(f"{name} call {len(state['calls']) + 1}", id=f"{name}-{n}")
+        return {"calls": [name], "messages": [reply]}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(Calls)
+    builder.add_node("count", count)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "count")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _delta_graph(checkpointer: Any) -> Any:
+    builder = StateGraph(DeltaState)
+    builder.add_node("reply", _reply(ask=False))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "reply")
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+
+
+def _config(thread_id: str) -> RunnableConfig:
+    return {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id}}
+
+
+def _say(i: int) -> dict:
+    return {"messages": [HumanMessage(f"hi {i}", id=f"hi-{i}")]}
+
+
+def _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer: Any, thread_id: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [c.checkpoint["id"] for c in checkpointer.list(_config(thread_id))]
+
+
+def _namespaces(checkpointer: Any, thread_id: str) -> list[str]:
+    return sorted(
+        c.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]
+        for c in checkpointer.list(_config(thread_id))
+    )
+
+
+async def _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer: Any, thread_id: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [c.checkpoint["id"] async for c in checkpointer.alist(_config(thread_id))]
+
+
+def _parentless(snapshot: StateSnapshot) -> StateSnapshot:
+    return snapshot._replace(
+        parent_config=None,
+        tasks=tuple(
+            t._replace(state=_parentless(t.state))
+            if isinstance(t.state, StateSnapshot)
+            else t
+            for t in snapshot.tasks
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _run_once_after(
+    saver: PostgresSaver, sql: str, action: Callable[[], Any], *, nth: int = 1
+) -> None:
+    seen = 0
+    cursor = saver._cursor
+
+    class Hooked:
+        def __init__(self, cur: Any) -> None:
+            self.cur = cur
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            return getattr(self.cur, name)
+
+        def execute(self, query: Any, params: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            nonlocal seen
+            self.cur.execute(query, params, **kwargs)
+            if query is sql:
+                seen += 1
+                if seen == nth:
+                    action()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def hooked(**kwargs: Any):
+        with cursor(**kwargs) as cur:
+            yield Hooked(cur)
+
+    saver._cursor = hooked
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("durability", ["sync", "async", "exit"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_the_state_and_the_thread_runs_on_like_its_twin(
+    make_checkpointer: Any, durability: str
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, "pruned") == [
+            before.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
+        ]
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(_say(3), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_pending_interrupt_resumable(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, ask=True)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+                graph.invoke(Command(resume=f"yes {i}"), _config(thread_id))
+            graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))
+        assert before.interrupts
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes 2"), _config(thread_id))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_writes_of_tasks_that_finished_before_a_failure(
+    make_checkpointer: Any, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        calls: dict[str, int] = {}
+        fail: set[str] = set()
+        left_persisted = Event()
+        put_writes = checkpointer.put_writes
+
+        def persist(config, writes, task_id, task_path=""):
+            put_writes(config, writes, task_id, task_path)
+            if ("notes", ["left"]) in writes:
+                left_persisted.set()
+
+        def wait_for_left() -> None:
+            assert left_persisted.wait(5), "left task writes were not persisted"
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(checkpointer, "put_writes", persist)
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, fail=fail, calls=calls, before_fail=wait_for_left)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+            left_persisted.clear()
+            fail.add("right")
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="right failed"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+            checkpoint = checkpointer.get_tuple(_config(thread_id))
+            assert checkpoint is not None
+            assert any(
+                channel == "notes" and value == ["left"]
+                for _, channel, value in checkpoint.pending_writes
+            )
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        left_runs = calls["left"]
+        graph.invoke(None, _config("pruned"))
+        assert calls["left"] == left_runs, "a task that had finished ran again"
+        graph.invoke(None, _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_an_interrupted_subgraph_resumable(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        sub = StateGraph(State)
+        sub.add_node("reply", _reply(ask=True))
+        sub.add_edge(START, "reply")
+        parent = StateGraph(State)
+        parent.add_node("sub", sub.compile())
+        parent.add_edge(START, "sub")
+        graph = parent.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+                graph.invoke(Command(resume=f"yes {i}"), _config(thread_id))
+            graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"), subgraphs=True)
+        interrupted = before.tasks[0].state.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_ns"]
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert _namespaces(checkpointer, "pruned") == ["", interrupted]
+        assert graph.get_state(_config("pruned"), subgraphs=True) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(Command(resume="yes 2"), _config(thread_id))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("durability", ["sync", "async", "exit"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_checkpointer_true_subgraph_but_not_finished_calls(
+    make_checkpointer: Any, durability: str
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        parent = StateGraph(State)
+        parent.add_node("memory", _counting_subgraph("memory", checkpointer=True))
+        parent.add_node("call", _counting_subgraph("call", checkpointer=None))
+        parent.add_edge(START, "memory")
+        parent.add_edge("memory", "call")
+        graph = parent.compile(checkpointer=checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+
+        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert _namespaces(checkpointer, "pruned") == ["", "memory"]
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            graph.invoke(_say(3), _config(thread_id), durability=durability)
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_turn_saved_after_it_read_the_heads() -> None:
+    with (
+        _checkpointer_postgres() as checkpointer,
+        PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(
+            DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + checkpointer.conn.info.dbname
+        ) as pruner,
+    ):
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+        _run_once_after(
+            pruner, PRUNE_HEADS_SQL, lambda: graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("pruned"))
+        )
+
+        pruner.prune(["pruned"])
+
+        graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            graph.get_state(_config("pruned")).values
+            == graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_thread_that_switches_to_a_delta_channel_mid_batch() -> (
+    None
+):
+    with (
+        _checkpointer_postgres() as checkpointer,
+        PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(
+            DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + checkpointer.conn.info.dbname
+        ) as pruner,
+    ):
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("switched", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+        _run_once_after(
+            pruner,
+            PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL,
+            lambda: delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("switched")),
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="switched"):
+            pruner.prune(["switched"])
+
+        delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            delta_graph.get_state(_config("switched")).values
+            == delta_graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_delta_channel_turn_saved_after_the_thread_check() -> None:
+    with (
+        _checkpointer_postgres() as checkpointer,
+        PostgresSaver.from_conn_string(
+            DEFAULT_POSTGRES_URI + checkpointer.conn.info.dbname
+        ) as pruner,
+    ):
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            for thread_id in ("switched", "twin"):
+                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+        head = _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, "switched")[0]
+        _run_once_after(
+            pruner,
+            PRUNE_DELTA_THREADS_SQL,
+            lambda: delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("switched")),
+            nth=2,
+        )
+
+        pruner.prune(["switched"])
+
+        assert _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, "switched")[-1] == head
+        delta_graph.invoke(_say(3), _config("twin"))
+        assert (
+            delta_graph.get_state(_config("switched")).values
+            == delta_graph.get_state(_config("twin")).values
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
+def test_keep_latest_refuses_a_batch_with_a_delta_channel_thread(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            graph.invoke(_say(i), _config("ordinary"))
+            delta_graph.invoke(_say(i), _config("delta"))
+        before = {t: _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in ("ordinary", "delta")}
+        delta_before = delta_graph.get_state(_config("delta"))
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="delta"):
+            checkpointer.prune(["ordinary", "delta"])
+
+        assert {t: _checkpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in before} == before
+        assert delta_graph.get_state(_config("delta")) == delta_before
+
+
+@NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", ASYNC)
+async def test_akeep_latest_keeps_a_pending_interrupt_resumable(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    async with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, ask=True)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            for i in range(2):
+                await graph.ainvoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+                await graph.ainvoke(Command(resume=f"yes {i}"), _config(thread_id))
+            await graph.ainvoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+        before = await graph.aget_state(_config("pruned"))
+
+        await checkpointer.aprune(["pruned"])
+
+        assert await _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer, "pruned") == [
+            before.config["configurable"]["checkpoint_id"]
+        ]
+        assert await graph.aget_state(_config("pruned")) == _parentless(before)
+        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
+            await graph.ainvoke(Command(resume="yes 2"), _config(thread_id))
+        assert (await graph.aget_state(_config("pruned"))).values == (
+            await graph.aget_state(_config("twin"))
+        ).values
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", ASYNC)
+async def test_akeep_latest_refuses_a_batch_with_a_delta_channel_thread(
+    make_checkpointer: Any,
+) -> None:
+    async with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
+        graph, delta_graph = _graph(checkpointer), _delta_graph(checkpointer)
+        for i in range(3):
+            await graph.ainvoke(_say(i), _config("ordinary"))
+            await delta_graph.ainvoke(_say(i), _config("delta"))
+        before = {
+            t: await _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in ("ordinary", "delta")
+        }
+
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="delta"):
+            await checkpointer.aprune(["ordinary", "delta"])
+
+        assert {t: await _acheckpoint_ids(checkpointer, t) for t in before} == before

libs/langgraph/tests/test_runtime.py

@@ -248,6 +248,95 @@ def test_drain_from_subgraph_can_resume_parent() -> None:
     }
 
 
+class _BreakpointState(TypedDict, total=False):
+    first: str
+    second: str
+
+
+def _drain_before_breakpoint_builder(
+    second_runs: list[str],
+) -> StateGraph[_BreakpointState]:
+    def first(state: _BreakpointState, runtime: Runtime) -> _BreakpointState:
+        runtime.control.request_drain("rollout")
+        return {"first": "done"}
+
+    def second(state: _BreakpointState) -> _BreakpointState:
+        second_runs.append("second")
+        return {"second": "done"}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(_BreakpointState)
+    builder.add_node("first", first)
+    builder.add_node("second", second)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "first")
+    builder.add_edge("first", "second")
+    return builder
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("at_compile", [True, False])
+def test_drain_before_interrupt_before_stops_at_breakpoint(at_compile: bool) -> None:
+    # A resume passes the next step's breakpoints, so a drain right before a
+    # breakpoint has to stop there instead, or the resumed run skips it.
+    second_runs: list[str] = []
+    breakpoints = {"interrupt_before": ["second"]}
+    compiled = _drain_before_breakpoint_builder(second_runs).compile(
+        checkpointer=MemorySaver(), **(breakpoints if at_compile else {})
+    )
+    run_kwargs = {} if at_compile else breakpoints
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "drain-breakpoint"}}
+
+    assert compiled.invoke({}, config, control=RunControl(), **run_kwargs) == {
+        "first": "done"
+    }
+    assert compiled.get_state(config).next == ("second",)
+    assert second_runs == []
+
+    assert compiled.invoke(None, config, **run_kwargs) == {
+        "first": "done",
+        "second": "done",
+    }
+    assert second_runs == ["second"]
+
+
+def test_drain_before_subgraph_interrupt_before_stops_at_breakpoint() -> None:
+    second_runs: list[str] = []
+    child = _drain_before_breakpoint_builder(second_runs).compile(
+        interrupt_before=["second"]
+    )
+    parent = StateGraph(_BreakpointState)
+    parent.add_node("child", child)
+    parent.add_edge(START, "child")
+    compiled = parent.compile(checkpointer=MemorySaver())
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "drain-subgraph-breakpoint"}}
+
+    compiled.invoke({}, config, control=RunControl())
+    state = compiled.get_state(config, subgraphs=True)
+    assert state.next == ("child",)
+    assert state.tasks[0].state.next == ("second",)
+    assert second_runs == []
+
+    assert compiled.invoke(None, config) == {"first": "done", "second": "done"}
+    assert second_runs == ["second"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_drain_before_interrupt_before_stops_at_breakpoint_async() -> None:
+    second_runs: list[str] = []
+    compiled = _drain_before_breakpoint_builder(second_runs).compile(
+        checkpointer=MemorySaver(), interrupt_before=["second"]
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "drain-breakpoint-async"}}
+
+    assert await compiled.ainvoke({}, config, control=RunControl()) == {"first": "done"}
+    assert (await compiled.aget_state(config)).next == ("second",)
+    assert second_runs == []
+
+    assert await compiled.ainvoke(None, config) == {
+        "first": "done",
+        "second": "done",
+    }
+    assert second_runs == ["second"]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.anyio
 async def test_drain_requested_in_terminal_step_finishes_normally_async() -> None:
     class State(TypedDict, total=False):

libs/langgraph/tests/test_stream_events_v3_kwarg_forwarding.py

@@ -8,20 +8,33 @@ caller kwargs to the inner ``(a)stream`` call but rejects ``stream_mode`` and
 ``subgraphs`` since v3 owns them (``stream_mode`` is built from the
 transformer mux; ``subgraphs`` is forced True so nested namespaces flow
 through scoped muxes).
+
+A second regression is pinned here: #7677 (first released in 1.2.0a3)
+declared `interrupt_before` / `interrupt_after` / `control` as named
+parameters on the `Pregel.stream_events` / `astream_events` dispatchers
+but forwarded them only on the v3 branch, silently dropping them on v1/v2
+(where they had reached `(a)stream` through `**kwargs` before).
+`TestAstreamKwargsForwardedOnEveryVersion` and friends pin that they
+reach `(a)stream` on every version, with the v1/v2 passthrough semantics
+restored (exactly what the caller passed, including an explicit `None`)
+and v3's explicit-default semantics preserved.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
+from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import InMemorySaver
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
 from langgraph.constants import END, START
+from langgraph.errors import GraphDrained
 from langgraph.graph import StateGraph
-from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
+from langgraph.runtime import RunControl, Runtime
 
 NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS = pytest.mark.skipif(
     sys.version_info < (3, 11),
@@ -106,3 +119,274 @@ class TestKwargForwardingAsync:
                 version="v3",
                 subgraphs=False,
             )
+
+
+_KWARG_NAMES = ("control", "interrupt_before", "interrupt_after")
+
+
+def _build_two_step_graph(
+    first: Callable[[_State], dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """A `first -> second` graph with a checkpointer, for interrupt/drain tests."""
+
+    def default_first(state: _State) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"message": state["message"] + " first"}
+
+    def second(state: _State) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"message": state["message"] + " second"}
+
+    builder = StateGraph(_State)
+    builder.add_node("first", first or default_first)
+    builder.add_node("second", second)
+    builder.add_edge(START, "first")
+    builder.add_edge("first", "second")
+    builder.add_edge("second", END)
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=InMemorySaver())
+
+
+async def _drive_astream_events(
+    graph: Any, config: dict[str, Any], version: str, **kwargs: Any
+) -> None:
+    """Consume an astream_events run for `version` to completion."""
+    if version == "v3":
+        run = await graph.astream_events(
+            {"message": "hi"}, config, version="v3", **kwargs
+        )
+        await run.output()
+    else:
+        async for _ in graph.astream_events(
+            {"message": "hi"}, config, version=version, **kwargs
+        ):
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:astream_events version='v1' is deprecated")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("version", ["v1", "v2", "v3"])
+class TestAstreamKwargsForwardedOnEveryVersion:
+    """`interrupt_before`/`interrupt_after`/`control` reach `astream` on every
+    version.
+
+    Regression test for #7677 (first released in 1.2.0a3): the dispatchers
+    captured these parameters as named arguments but forwarded them only on
+    the v3 branch, silently dropping them on v1/v2.
+    """
+
+    async def test_interrupt_before(self, version: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "ib"}}
+        await _drive_astream_events(graph, config, version, interrupt_before=["second"])
+        state = await graph.aget_state(config)
+        assert state.next == ("second",)
+        assert state.values == {"message": "hi first"}
+
+    async def test_interrupt_after(self, version: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "ia"}}
+        await _drive_astream_events(graph, config, version, interrupt_after=["first"])
+        state = await graph.aget_state(config)
+        assert state.next == ("second",)
+        assert state.values == {"message": "hi first"}
+
+    async def test_pre_drained_control(self, version: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "drain"}}
+        control = RunControl()
+        control.request_drain("sigterm")
+        with pytest.raises(GraphDrained, match="sigterm"):
+            await _drive_astream_events(graph, config, version, control=control)
+
+
+class TestStreamEventsV3SyncInterrupts:
+    """Sync v3 static interrupts reach `stream()` after the kwargs rewire."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("kwarg", "node"),
+        [("interrupt_before", "second"), ("interrupt_after", "first")],
+    )
+    def test_static_interrupt(self, kwarg: str, node: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "sync"}}
+        run = graph.stream_events(
+            {"message": "hi"}, config, version="v3", **{kwarg: [node]}
+        )
+        list(run.values)
+        state = graph.get_state(config)
+        assert state.next == ("second",)
+        assert state.values == {"message": "hi first"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:astream_events version='v1' is deprecated")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("version", ["v1", "v2", "v3"])
+class TestAstreamMidRunDrain:
+    """A drain requested from inside a node propagates out of `astream_events`.
+
+    This is the graceful-shutdown scenario: `request_drain()` called while
+    the run is in flight (e.g. from a signal handler), with v1/v2 running
+    inside core's event-stream task. The caller's own `RunControl` is used
+    (the drain reason proves identity), `GraphDrained` propagates to the
+    consumer, and the checkpoint keeps the pending step.
+    """
+
+    async def test_drain_requested_inside_first_node(self, version: str) -> None:
+        control = RunControl()
+
+        def first(state: _State) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            control.request_drain("sigterm-mid")
+            return {"message": state["message"] + " first"}
+
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph(first)
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "midrun"}}
+
+        with pytest.raises(GraphDrained, match="sigterm-mid"):
+            await _drive_astream_events(graph, config, version, control=control)
+        state = await graph.aget_state(config)
+        assert state.next == ("second",)
+        assert state.values == {"message": "hi first"}
+
+
+def _record_astream_kwargs(graph: Any) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Patch `graph.astream` to record the kwargs each call receives."""
+    received: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    original = graph.astream
+
+    async def recording_astream(
+        input: Any, config: Any = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+        received.append(kwargs)
+        async for chunk in original(input, config, **kwargs):
+            yield chunk
+
+    graph.astream = recording_astream  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    return received
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:astream_events version='v1' is deprecated")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("version", ["v1", "v2"])
+class TestAstreamV1V2KwargsPassthrough:
+    """v1/v2 forward to `astream` exactly what the caller passed.
+
+    Pre-#7677 semantics: an explicit `None` is forwarded as `None`, and an
+    omitted argument is not forwarded at all (so an override's own default
+    would apply).
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", _KWARG_NAMES)
+    async def test_passed_values_reach_astream(self, version: str, name: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_astream_kwargs(graph)
+        value: Any = RunControl() if name == "control" else ["second"]
+        await _drive_astream_events(
+            graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "rec"}}, version, **{name: value}
+        )
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert received[0][name] == value
+        if name == "control":
+            assert received[0][name] is value
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", _KWARG_NAMES)
+    async def test_explicit_none_is_forwarded(self, version: str, name: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_astream_kwargs(graph)
+        await _drive_astream_events(
+            graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "rec-none"}}, version, **{name: None}
+        )
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert received[0][name] is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", _KWARG_NAMES)
+    async def test_omitted_values_are_absent(self, version: str, name: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_astream_kwargs(graph)
+        await _drive_astream_events(
+            graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "rec-omit"}}, version
+        )
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert name not in received[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+class TestAstreamV3KwargsDefaults:
+    """v3 keeps its since-inception explicit-default semantics (#7519).
+
+    Omitted `interrupt_before`/`interrupt_after`/`control` are supplied to
+    `astream` as `None`; passed values are forwarded as-is.
+    """
+
+    async def test_omitted_values_arrive_as_none(self) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_astream_kwargs(graph)
+        await _drive_astream_events(
+            graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "v3-rec"}}, "v3"
+        )
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert received[0]["control"] is None
+        assert received[0]["interrupt_before"] is None
+        assert received[0]["interrupt_after"] is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", _KWARG_NAMES)
+    async def test_passed_values_reach_astream(self, name: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_astream_kwargs(graph)
+        value: Any = RunControl() if name == "control" else ["second"]
+        await _drive_astream_events(
+            graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "v3-rec-2"}}, "v3", **{name: value}
+        )
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert received[0][name] == value
+        if name == "control":
+            assert received[0][name] is value
+
+
+def _record_stream_kwargs(graph: Any) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Patch `graph.stream` to record the kwargs each call receives."""
+    received: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    original = graph.stream
+
+    def recording_stream(input: Any, config: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        received.append(kwargs)
+        yield from original(input, config, **kwargs)
+
+    graph.stream = recording_stream  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    return received
+
+
+def _drive_stream_events_v3(graph: Any, config: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Consume a sync v3 stream_events run to completion."""
+    run = graph.stream_events({"message": "hi"}, config, version="v3", **kwargs)
+    list(run.values)
+
+
+class TestStreamEventsV3SyncKwargsDefaults:
+    """Sync v3 keeps its since-inception explicit-default semantics (#7519).
+
+    Mirror of `TestAstreamV3KwargsDefaults`: omitted
+    `interrupt_before`/`interrupt_after`/`control` are supplied to `stream`
+    as `None`; passed values are forwarded as-is. Pins the sync helper
+    against a kwargs-only "simplification" that would change subclass
+    default handling.
+    """
+
+    def test_omitted_values_arrive_as_none(self) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_stream_kwargs(graph)
+        _drive_stream_events_v3(graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "s-rec"}})
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert received[0]["control"] is None
+        assert received[0]["interrupt_before"] is None
+        assert received[0]["interrupt_after"] is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", _KWARG_NAMES)
+    def test_passed_values_reach_stream(self, name: str) -> None:
+        graph = _build_two_step_graph()
+        received = _record_stream_kwargs(graph)
+        value: Any = RunControl() if name == "control" else ["second"]
+        _drive_stream_events_v3(
+            graph, {"configurable": {"thread_id": "s-rec-2"}}, **{name: value}
+        )
+        assert len(received) == 1
+        assert received[0][name] == value
+        if name == "control":
+            assert received[0][name] is value

libs/langgraph/tests/test_time_travel.py

@@ -1177,6 +1177,43 @@ def test_subgraph_interrupt_resume_with_explicit_head_checkpoint_id(
     assert result["value"] == ["sub_a", "human:answer", "sub_b"]
 
 
+def test_subgraph_replay_reasks_answered_parallel_interrupt(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Replaying a subgraph checkpoint asks its step's questions again, including
+    one already answered. An update checkpoint replays in place instead of
+    forking, so its tasks keep their ids and its saved answers could be reused."""
+
+    subgraph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", lambda s: {"value": [f"a:{interrupt('a')}"]})
+        .add_node("b", lambda s: {"value": [f"b:{interrupt('b')}"]})
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .add_edge(START, "b")
+        .compile(checkpointer=True)
+    )
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("subgraph_node", subgraph)
+        .add_edge(START, "subgraph_node")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    def subgraph_head() -> RunnableConfig:
+        return graph.get_state(config, subgraphs=True).tasks[0].state.config
+
+    graph.invoke({"value": []}, config)
+    graph.update_state(subgraph_head(), {"value": ["u"]}, as_node="__start__")
+    result = graph.invoke(None, config)
+    question_a = next(i for i in result["__interrupt__"] if i.value == "a")
+    graph.invoke(Command(resume={question_a.id: "yes"}), config)
+
+    result = graph.invoke(None, subgraph_head())
+
+    assert sorted(i.value for i in result["__interrupt__"]) == ["a", "b"]
+
+
 def test_subgraph_replay_loads_accumulated_state_then_resume(
     sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
 ) -> None:

libs/langgraph/uv.lock

@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1217,6 +1217,20 @@ wheels = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "jupyter-builder"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "jupyter-core" },
+    { name = "tomli", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+    { name = "traitlets" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/3e/56f593e6a664cd14d441724654ce8243f3cac7d3e45867cf084749c8bc75/jupyter_builder-1.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:01aba6794eb9b19e0e29ae21137ca60ba4135c70347d4b9f664a586822b8c809", size = 1024218, upload-time = "2026-09-04T18:54:09.411Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/84/aa/be79e87c50698673f196d0633fc1664607da2289f9688d1de7a1c9db9e71/jupyter_builder-1.2.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c5ea5a7190c2a7b082494abade98eece1b2b5bd5dbd7d610606cbcd10a1d08b3", size = 947541, upload-time = "2026-09-04T18:54:07.644Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "jupyter-client"
 version = "8.8.0"
@@ -1342,28 +1356,28 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jupyterlab"
-version = "4.5.10"
+version = "4.6.4"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "async-lru" },
     { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "ipykernel" },
     { name = "jinja2" },
+    { name = "jupyter-builder" },
     { name = "jupyter-core" },
     { name = "jupyter-lsp" },
     { name = "jupyter-server" },
     { name = "jupyterlab-server" },
     { name = "notebook-shim" },
     { name = "packaging" },
-    { name = "setuptools" },
     { name = "tomli", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
     { name = "tornado" },
     { name = "traitlets" },
     { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.12'" },
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/33/8d/995cc142f6083346b35e7d3eadc5a6717ee89ce64ea53577010ac493bc3c/jupyterlab-4.6.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:404f49b081819378524886c9db66dba57a5565981eff885830df1baba3a17df5", size = 28335647, upload-time = "2026-09-21T15:25:18.779Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/e4/072bc0d3c6d45d414062a06af7ee81c02a2c12d769c358ec9919f9995ffd/jupyterlab-4.6.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:15b13f991d3985129c797eb84d9949eeb8b6615e14b444868e642411f2c418b2", size = 17171596, upload-time = "2026-09-21T15:25:14.123Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1437,7 +1451,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.14"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1623,7 +1637,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1671,7 +1685,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.2"
+version = "3.2.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
@@ -1720,7 +1734,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.1.1"
+version = "3.1.2"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiosqlite" },
@@ -1821,7 +1835,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1842,7 +1856,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -1862,7 +1876,7 @@ test = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -2146,18 +2160,19 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "notebook"
-version = "7.5.7"
+version = "7.6.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
+    { name = "jupyter-builder" },
     { name = "jupyter-server" },
     { name = "jupyterlab" },
     { name = "jupyterlab-server" },
     { name = "notebook-shim" },
     { name = "tornado" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/c4/f71f8716f2903e9e817a47f534b9fd84831e155e2acb32c26691c8e06243/notebook-7.5.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d6d59288a25303b25e1dcb71e9b017ec3a785f7d92f38b9bc288ca1970d5b0a8", size = 14171612, upload-time = "2026-06-04T18:33:45.224Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/ac/aedb759dc683dcd129f6c75271bab5eb23020b0f7969163c726343718e1e/notebook-7.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e2c08e469c0ae20bb0b3214f0ab77e79653317a2f8e5b34c10361c66874a5b50", size = 5501618, upload-time = "2026-09-21T18:07:24.261Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/4d/b3347f7073a377273531efe4ffc738fc910e93718fd2838c7ebf6736c6af/notebook-7.5.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1f95f79d117e47d20b5555b5c85a397d2cfecf136978aaab767cf0314b09165b", size = 14583767, upload-time = "2026-06-04T18:33:40.987Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a1/f7/907b98438cf00bdc4e296570058f29a347214bb42338a48e3b7eae58ae2a/notebook-7.6.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ad7e0eb765fba836cd4a2ab0c7a3a26cde1d91665fbf6f533b6ae7b2de6d88d2", size = 5548452, upload-time = "2026-09-21T18:07:21.563Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/prebuilt/langgraph/prebuilt/tool_node.py

@@ -99,6 +99,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
     from pydantic_core import ErrorDetails
 
+try:
+    from langgraph.errors import is_invalid_resume
+except ImportError:  # `langgraph` before `is_invalid_resume` never marks resume errors
+
+    def is_invalid_resume(error: BaseException) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
 # right now we use a dict as the default, can change this to AgentState, but depends
 # on if this lives in LangChain or LangGraph... ideally would have some typed
 # messages key
@@ -957,6 +965,11 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
             try:
                 response = tool.invoke(call_args, config)
             except ValidationError as exc:
+                if is_invalid_resume(exc):
+                    # An `interrupt()` in this tool, or in a graph it ran, got a resume
+                    # value that doesn't match its `response_schema`. That's not a bad
+                    # tool argument: fail the run so the interrupt can be answered again.
+                    raise
                 # Filter out errors for injected arguments
                 injected = self._injected_args.get(call["name"])
                 filtered_errors = _filter_validation_errors(exc, injected)
@@ -982,6 +995,10 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
         except GraphBubbleUp:
             raise
         except Exception as e:
+            # The model can't fix a resume value that doesn't match an interrupt's
+            # `response_schema`, so no `handle_tool_errors` setting handles it.
+            if is_invalid_resume(e):
+                raise
             # Determine which exception types are handled
             handled_types: tuple[type[Exception], ...]
             if isinstance(self._handle_tool_errors, type) and issubclass(
@@ -1053,9 +1070,13 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
         # Call wrapper with request and execute callable
         try:
             return self._wrap_tool_call(tool_request, execute)
+        except GraphBubbleUp:
+            # Interrupts always propagate, as they do without a wrapper.
+            raise
         except Exception as e:
-            # Wrapper threw an exception
-            if not self._handle_tool_errors:
+            # Wrapper threw an exception. The model can't fix a resume value that
+            # doesn't match an interrupt's `response_schema`, so it's never handled.
+            if not self._handle_tool_errors or is_invalid_resume(e):
                 raise
             # Convert to error message
             content = _handle_tool_error(e, flag=self._handle_tool_errors)
@@ -1104,6 +1125,11 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
             try:
                 response = await tool.ainvoke(call_args, config)
             except ValidationError as exc:
+                if is_invalid_resume(exc):
+                    # An `interrupt()` in this tool, or in a graph it ran, got a resume
+                    # value that doesn't match its `response_schema`. That's not a bad
+                    # tool argument: fail the run so the interrupt can be answered again.
+                    raise
                 # Filter out errors for injected arguments
                 injected = self._injected_args.get(call["name"])
                 filtered_errors = _filter_validation_errors(exc, injected)
@@ -1129,6 +1155,10 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
         except GraphBubbleUp:
             raise
         except Exception as e:
+            # The model can't fix a resume value that doesn't match an interrupt's
+            # `response_schema`, so no `handle_tool_errors` setting handles it.
+            if is_invalid_resume(e):
+                raise
             # Determine which exception types are handled
             handled_types: tuple[type[Exception], ...]
             if isinstance(self._handle_tool_errors, type) and issubclass(
@@ -1208,9 +1238,13 @@ class ToolNode(RunnableCallable):
             # None check was performed above already
             self._wrap_tool_call = cast("ToolCallWrapper", self._wrap_tool_call)
             return self._wrap_tool_call(tool_request, _sync_execute)
+        except GraphBubbleUp:
+            # Interrupts always propagate, as they do without a wrapper.
+            raise
         except Exception as e:
-            # Wrapper threw an exception
-            if not self._handle_tool_errors:
+            # Wrapper threw an exception. The model can't fix a resume value that
+            # doesn't match an interrupt's `response_schema`, so it's never handled.
+            if not self._handle_tool_errors or is_invalid_resume(e):
                 raise
             # Convert to error message
             content = _handle_tool_error(e, flag=self._handle_tool_errors)

libs/prebuilt/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 description = "Library with high-level APIs for creating and executing LangGraph agents and tools."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test = [
     "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite",
     "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres",
     "syrupy",
-    "psycopg-binary",
+    "psycopg[binary]",
 ]
 lint = [
     "ruff",

libs/prebuilt/tests/test_tool_node.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from langchain_core.runnables.config import RunnableConfig
 from langchain_core.tools import BaseTool, InjectedToolArg, ToolException
 from langchain_core.tools import tool as dec_tool
 from langchain_core.tools.base import InjectedToolCallId
+from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
 from langgraph.config import get_stream_writer
 from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt
 from langgraph.graph import START, MessagesState, StateGraph
@@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ from langgraph.graph.message import REMOVE_ALL_MESSAGES, add_messages
 from langgraph.runtime import ExecutionInfo, ServerInfo
 from langgraph.store.base import BaseStore
 from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
-from langgraph.types import Command, Send
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from langgraph.types import Command, Send, interrupt
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
 from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel as BaseModelV1
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
@@ -626,6 +627,149 @@ def test_tool_node_node_interrupt() -> None:
             assert exc_info.value == "foo"
 
 
+class _Approval(BaseModel):
+    approved: bool
+
+
+class _AskState(TypedDict, total=False):
+    answer: str
+
+
+def _approval_graph():
+    """A graph that asks a human for approval with a typed interrupt."""
+
+    def ask(state: _AskState) -> _AskState:
+        approval = interrupt("Approve?", response_schema=_Approval)
+        return {"answer": f"approved={approval.approved}"}
+
+    return StateGraph(_AskState).add_node("ask", ask).add_edge(START, "ask").compile()
+
+
+def _ask_human_call() -> dict[str, list[AnyMessage]]:
+    call = ToolCall(name="ask_human", args={}, id="call_1")
+    return {"messages": [AIMessage("", tool_calls=[call])]}
+
+
+def _handle_any(e):  # no annotation: handles every error
+    return "handled"
+
+
+# A bad answer to an interrupt must fail the run whatever `handle_tool_errors` is,
+# including settings that cover `ValidationError` (a `ValueError`), with or without
+# a wrapper. `create_agent` always runs tools through a wrapper (its middleware).
+_TOOL_NODES = pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("wrapped", "handle_tool_errors"),
+    [
+        (wrapped, handler)
+        for wrapped in (False, True)
+        for handler in (None, True, (ValueError,), _handle_any)
+    ],
+    ids=[
+        f"{wrapped}-{handler}"
+        for wrapped in ("plain", "wrapped")
+        for handler in ("default", "handle_true", "handle_value_error", "untyped")
+    ],
+)
+# The interrupt either runs in a graph the tool starts (a subagent) or in the tool.
+_SHAPE = pytest.mark.parametrize("nested", [True, False], ids=["nested", "direct"])
+
+
+@_TOOL_NODES
+@_SHAPE
+def test_tool_node_reraises_invalid_resume(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    wrapped: bool,
+    nested: bool,
+    handle_tool_errors: Any,
+) -> None:
+    asker = _approval_graph()
+
+    @dec_tool
+    def ask_human() -> str:
+        """Ask a human for approval."""
+        if nested:
+            return asker.invoke({})["answer"]
+        approval = interrupt("Approve?", response_schema=_Approval)
+        return f"approved={approval.approved}"
+
+    def pass_through(request, handler):
+        return handler(request)
+
+    errors = (
+        {} if handle_tool_errors is None else {"handle_tool_errors": handle_tool_errors}
+    )
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(MessagesState)
+        .add_node(
+            "tools",
+            ToolNode(
+                [ask_human], wrap_tool_call=pass_through if wrapped else None, **errors
+            ),
+        )
+        .add_edge(START, "tools")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    [pending] = graph.invoke(_ask_human_call(), config)["__interrupt__"]
+
+    # A bad answer isn't a bad tool argument: the run fails without saving, so
+    # the same interrupt can be answered again.
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved"):
+        graph.invoke(Command(resume={pending.id: {"approved": "maybe"}}), config)
+    assert [i.id for i in graph.get_state(config).interrupts] == [pending.id]
+
+    result = graph.invoke(Command(resume={pending.id: {"approved": True}}), config)
+    assert result["messages"][-1].content == "approved=True"
+
+
+@_TOOL_NODES
+@_SHAPE
+async def test_tool_node_reraises_invalid_resume_async(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+    wrapped: bool,
+    nested: bool,
+    handle_tool_errors: Any,
+) -> None:
+    asker = _approval_graph()
+
+    @dec_tool
+    async def ask_human() -> str:
+        """Ask a human for approval."""
+        if nested:
+            return (await asker.ainvoke({}))["answer"]
+        approval = interrupt("Approve?", response_schema=_Approval)
+        return f"approved={approval.approved}"
+
+    async def pass_through(request, handler):
+        return await handler(request)
+
+    errors = (
+        {} if handle_tool_errors is None else {"handle_tool_errors": handle_tool_errors}
+    )
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(MessagesState)
+        .add_node(
+            "tools",
+            ToolNode(
+                [ask_human], awrap_tool_call=pass_through if wrapped else None, **errors
+            ),
+        )
+        .add_edge(START, "tools")
+        .compile(checkpointer=async_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config: RunnableConfig = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    [pending] = (await graph.ainvoke(_ask_human_call(), config))["__interrupt__"]
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved"):
+        await graph.ainvoke(Command(resume={pending.id: {"approved": "maybe"}}), config)
+    state = await graph.aget_state(config)
+    assert [i.id for i in state.interrupts] == [pending.id]
+
+    resume = Command(resume={pending.id: {"approved": True}})
+    result = await graph.ainvoke(resume, config)
+    assert result["messages"][-1].content == "approved=True"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("input_type", ["dict", "tool_calls"])
 async def test_tool_node_command(input_type: str) -> None:
 

libs/prebuilt/uv.lock

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.6.5"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx" },
@@ -267,9 +267,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/90/12/aff76ca89c219ebe6f9dd3c5dbc4e3b1cf5450e9fc7037dccad23d45cd7a/langchain_core-1.6.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b156cb395aac4f009a8a1b38a574c7d948fe2d5f74c96e0d8a5017b4149e04f", size = 1003359, upload-time = "2026-08-27T19:31:14.956Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/ed/ceecd3bfcfc77a94cf30a9f1506e907fdea447458825e01914a72d2d1a6f/langchain_core-1.6.5.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bdb059fef65473fd444558dbb18f50901657402c43ceed9dc0fdc7b76a393c6b", size = 1007041, upload-time = "2026-09-24T18:11:06.487Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8e/25/f50dd65673c819aa33d3c34df58c115dbb6ec627d19f93e6e401dd0fc8d7/langchain_core-1.6.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:954a84132a5cb0435d27b910e336347b6744ecc18fbeef1e2de7029a0959841a", size = 571478, upload-time = "2026-08-27T19:31:13.34Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/59/68/447ac7e734990b7ed9dcfc3b6dee9a4cd4d4169e296429fa71a9a47c1c7b/langchain_core-1.6.5-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:54c7b0e9314b9084fb04405bb33dc5d32986d512d92b7b8863899cd5f6267556", size = 572136, upload-time = "2026-09-24T18:11:04.837Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.14"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "../langgraph" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint"
-version = "4.2.0"
+version = "4.3.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres"
-version = "3.1.2"
+version = "3.2.0"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite"
-version = "3.1.1"
+version = "3.1.2"
 source = { editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiosqlite" },
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ test = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extra = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ test = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extra = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ test = [
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
     { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
     { name = "pytest" },
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 ]
 
 [[package]]

libs/sdk-py/integration/Dockerfile

@@ -22,18 +22,23 @@ RUN pip install --no-cache-dir \
     "langchain>=1.3.0" \
     "deepagents>=0.6.2"
 
-# Swap the published langgraph *core* for this monorepo's local copy, so the
-# server executes the langgraph under test rather than the latest release.
+# Swap the published langgraph *core* and *checkpoint* for this monorepo's
+# local copies, so the server executes the langgraph under test rather than the
+# latest release.
 # We keep the rest of the base image (langgraph-api, runtime, Go core server)
 # on `latest` — that still surfaces upstream regressions — but the core the
 # server runs is now the PR's, which is what lets this suite catch core
 # regressions (e.g. ensure_config / runtime changes) before they're published.
-# `--no-deps` keeps the base image's already-compatible
-# checkpoint/prebuilt/sdk; we only replace core. The local source comes from
-# the `langgraph_src` additional build context (see docker-compose.yml).
+# Checkpoint goes with core because core can need a checkpoint API from the
+# same release. `--no-deps` keeps the base image's already-compatible
+# prebuilt/sdk. The local sources come from the `checkpoint_src` and
+# `langgraph_src` additional build contexts (see docker-compose.yml).
+COPY --from=checkpoint_src pyproject.toml README.md LICENSE /opt/checkpoint-src/
+COPY --from=checkpoint_src langgraph /opt/checkpoint-src/langgraph/
 COPY --from=langgraph_src pyproject.toml README.md LICENSE /opt/langgraph-src/
 COPY --from=langgraph_src langgraph /opt/langgraph-src/langgraph/
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --force-reinstall --no-deps /opt/langgraph-src
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --force-reinstall --no-deps \
+    /opt/checkpoint-src /opt/langgraph-src
 
 # Project graphs + registration config.
 COPY graph/ /app/graph/

libs/sdk-py/integration/docker-compose.yml

@@ -38,16 +38,17 @@ services:
     # see ./Dockerfile. The base image bundles langgraph-api +
     # langgraph_runtime_postgres + langgraph_license + the Go core-server;
     # on top we add graph deps (deepagents), the graph files, and this
-    # monorepo's local langgraph *core* (so the server runs the code under
-    # test, not the released langgraph).
+    # monorepo's local langgraph *core* and *checkpoint* (so the server runs
+    # the code under test, not the released langgraph).
     build:
       context: .
       dockerfile: Dockerfile
       additional_contexts:
-        # The monorepo's local langgraph core (libs/langgraph), installed over
-        # the base image so the server runs the langgraph under test. See the
-        # Dockerfile for why.
+        # The monorepo's local langgraph core (libs/langgraph) and checkpoint
+        # (libs/checkpoint), installed over the base image so the server runs
+        # the langgraph under test. See the Dockerfile for why.
         langgraph_src: ../../langgraph
+        checkpoint_src: ../../checkpoint
     image: langgraph-v3-integration-api:local
     depends_on:
       postgres:

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from langgraph_sdk.client import get_client, get_sync_client
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption import Encryption
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption.types import DecryptResult, EncryptionContext
 
-__version__ = "0.4.6"
+__version__ = "0.4.8"
 
 __all__ = [
     "Auth",

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_async/stream.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 import contextlib
+import logging
 import random
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Generator, Mapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.decoders import (
     ToolCallsDecoder,
     validate_interleave_channels,
 )
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    protocol_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, infer_channel
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     AsyncProtocolTransport,
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     ProtocolWebSocketTransport,
 )
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class InterruptPayload(TypedDict):
     """Payload surfaced when the server requests human input for a thread."""
@@ -193,6 +201,7 @@ class RunModule:
             if not gate.done():
                 gate.set_result(None)
             self._owner._run_seen = True
+            self._owner._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
             return result
         except BaseException as err:
             # Why: gate MUST reject on any exit type, including CancelledError,
@@ -1203,6 +1212,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
         # observes a `completed`/`errored` event.
         self._interrupts_lock = asyncio.Lock()
         self._lifecycle_watcher_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+        self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = False
         self._lifecycle_watcher_handle: EventStreamHandle | None = None
         self._lifecycle_cursor: int | None = None
         self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 5
@@ -1261,8 +1271,11 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
         # Create the run-done future here (async context guarantees a running loop).
         self._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
         # Start the lifecycle watcher immediately so reattach and thread.output
-        # work without a preceding run.start call.
-        self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
+        # work without a preceding run.start call. A minted thread_id names no
+        # thread until run.start creates it, and with custom auth a stream for a
+        # thread that doesn't exist yet fails, so run.start starts the watcher.
+        if self._explicit_thread_id:
+            self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
         return self
 
     async def __aexit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
@@ -1630,6 +1643,13 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 async for event in self._dedup_iter(shared.events):
                     if self._closed:
                         break
+                    if (frame_error := stream_error_frame(event)) is not None:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Thread %s event stream failed: %s",
+                            self.thread_id,
+                            frame_error,
+                        )
+                        continue
                     self._observe_event(event)
                     for sub in list(self._subscriptions.values()):
                         if matches_subscription(event, sub.params):
@@ -1655,6 +1675,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 if (
                     err is not None
                     and not isinstance(err, asyncio.CancelledError)
+                    and not is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
                     and not self._closed
                 ):
                     with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
@@ -1681,7 +1702,8 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
 
         Returns:
             `True` if a new stream was opened (caller should resume fanout),
-            `False` if all reconnect attempts were exhausted or the controller
+            `False` if all reconnect attempts were exhausted, the server
+            rejected the stream with a non-retryable 4xx, or the controller
             was closed in the meantime.
         """
         if self._transport is None:
@@ -1702,7 +1724,9 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 await new_stream.ready
             except asyncio.CancelledError:
                 raise
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as err:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(err):
+                    return False
                 await self._reconnect_sleep(attempt)
                 continue
             self._shared_stream = new_stream
@@ -1800,9 +1824,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
             # 202/204 — no body. Caller gets an empty result.
             return {}
         if response.get("type") == "error":
-            code = response.get("error", "unknown")
-            message = response.get("message", "")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+            raise protocol_error(response)
         meta = response.get("meta")
         if isinstance(meta, dict):
             applied_through_seq = meta.get("applied_through_seq")
@@ -1826,8 +1848,15 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
             await asyncio.wait_for(asyncio.shield(gate), timeout=timeout)
 
     def _ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running(self) -> None:
-        if self._lifecycle_watcher_task is not None:
+        task = self._lifecycle_watcher_task
+        if task is not None and not self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected:
             return
+        if task is not None:
+            # A 4xx stopped the watcher before this run started, typically the
+            # 404 for a thread this run.start just created, so the result it
+            # left isn't this run's.
+            self._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = False
         self._lifecycle_watcher_task = asyncio.create_task(
             self._run_lifecycle_watcher()
         )
@@ -1850,7 +1879,11 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
         if self._transport is None:
             return
         reconnect_attempts = 0
+        frame_error: RuntimeError | None = None
         while not self._closed:
+            # A stream opened before run.start can 404 for the thread that
+            # run.start creates, so it gets one more try once a run has started.
+            opened_before_run = not self._run_seen
             try:
                 handle = self._transport.open_event_stream(
                     self._lifecycle_stream_params()
@@ -1860,6 +1893,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 async for event in handle.events:
                     if self._closed:
                         return
+                    frame_error = stream_error_frame(event) or frame_error
                     self._observe_lifecycle_event(event)
                     await self._apply_lifecycle_event(event)
                 err = await handle.done
@@ -1868,38 +1902,43 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                     # event. Resolve `_run_done` as errored so awaiters of
                     # `thread.output` don't hang.
                     if err is None:
-                        run_done = self._run_done
-                        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                            run_done.set_result(
-                                _RunTerminal(
-                                    status="errored",
-                                    error=RuntimeError(
-                                        "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
-                                    ),
-                                )
+                        self._fail_run_done(
+                            frame_error
+                            or RuntimeError(
+                                "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
                             )
+                        )
                     return
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
-                if reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
+                if (
+                    is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                    or reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts
+                ):
                     raise err
                 await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
             except asyncio.CancelledError:
                 raise
             except Exception as exc:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(exc):
+                    if opened_before_run and self._run_seen:
+                        continue
+                    self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = True
+                    self._fail_run_done(exc)
+                    return
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
                 if reconnect_attempts <= self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
                     await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
                     continue
-                run_done = self._run_done
-                if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                    run_done.set_result(
-                        _RunTerminal(
-                            status="errored",
-                            error=RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}"),
-                        )
-                    )
+                self._fail_run_done(
+                    frame_error or RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}")
+                )
                 return
 
+    def _fail_run_done(self, error: BaseException) -> None:
+        run_done = self._run_done
+        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
+            run_done.set_result(_RunTerminal(status="errored", error=error))
+
     async def _fetch_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Fetch the current thread state from the REST endpoint."""
         return await self._http.get(
@@ -1972,7 +2011,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                 # Mark that we have observed an active run so thread.output
                 # knows a run exists (handles reattach without run.start).
                 self._run_seen = True
-            elif phase in ("completed", "failed"):
+            elif _is_root_terminal_lifecycle(event):
                 # Why: interrupts describe current-run state. Clear on terminal
                 # lifecycle so a subsequent run.respond() can't fire against a
                 # stale prior-run interrupt_id. Acquire `_interrupts_lock` so

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/_sync/stream.py

@@ -34,8 +34,17 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.decoders import (
     ToolCallsDecoder,
     validate_interleave_channels,
 )
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    protocol_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, infer_channel
-from langgraph_sdk.stream.sync_controller import SyncStreamController, _SyncSubscription
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.sync_controller import (
+    SyncStreamController,
+    _is_root_terminal_lifecycle,
+    _SyncSubscription,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     SyncEventStreamHandle,
     SyncProtocolSseTransport,
@@ -233,6 +242,7 @@ class SyncRunModule:
         controller = self._owner._controller
         if controller is not None and controller._run_start_gate is not None:
             controller._run_start_gate.set()
+        self._owner._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
         return result
 
     def respond(
@@ -1107,6 +1117,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         self.interrupted: bool = False
         self.interrupts: list[InterruptPayload] = []
         self._lifecycle_watcher_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+        self._lifecycle_watcher_lock = threading.Lock()
         self._lifecycle_watcher_handle: SyncEventStreamHandle | None = None
         self._lifecycle_cursor: int | None = None
         self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 5
@@ -1145,7 +1156,11 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
             self._transport, run_start_gate=run_start_gate
         )
         self._run_done = _BlockingResult()
-        self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
+        # A minted thread_id names no thread until run.start creates it, and
+        # with custom auth a stream for a thread that doesn't exist yet fails,
+        # so run.start starts the watcher instead.
+        if self._explicit_thread_id:
+            self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
@@ -1481,9 +1496,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         if response is None:
             return {}
         if response.get("type") == "error":
-            code = response.get("error", "unknown")
-            message = response.get("message", "")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+            raise protocol_error(response)
         meta = response.get("meta")
         if isinstance(meta, dict):
             applied_through_seq = meta.get("applied_through_seq")
@@ -1492,14 +1505,20 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         return response.get("result", {})
 
     def _ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running(self) -> None:
-        if self._lifecycle_watcher_thread is not None:
-            return
-        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = threading.Thread(
-            target=self._run_lifecycle_watcher,
-            name="langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle",
-            daemon=True,
-        )
-        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread.start()
+        with self._lifecycle_watcher_lock:
+            if self._lifecycle_watcher_thread is not None:
+                return
+            if self._run_done is not None and self._run_done.done():
+                # A 4xx stopped the watcher before this run started, typically
+                # the 404 for a thread this run.start just created, so the
+                # result it left isn't this run's.
+                self._run_done = _BlockingResult()
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self._run_lifecycle_watcher,
+                name="langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle",
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread.start()
 
     def _observe_lifecycle_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
         seq = event.get("seq")
@@ -1519,7 +1538,11 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
         if self._transport is None:
             return
         reconnect_attempts = 0
+        frame_error: RuntimeError | None = None
         while not self._closed:
+            # A stream opened before run.start can 404 for the thread that
+            # run.start creates, so it gets one more try once a run has started.
+            opened_before_run = not self._run_seen
             try:
                 handle = self._transport.open_event_stream(
                     self._lifecycle_stream_params()
@@ -1528,28 +1551,64 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
                 for event in handle.events:
                     if self._closed:
                         return
+                    frame_error = stream_error_frame(event) or frame_error
                     self._observe_lifecycle_event(event)
                     self._apply_lifecycle_event(event)
                 err = handle.error()
                 if err is None:
+                    # Clean EOF: stream ended without a terminal lifecycle
+                    # event. Resolve `_run_done` as errored so `thread.output`
+                    # doesn't block forever.
+                    if not self._closed:
+                        self._fail_run_done(
+                            frame_error
+                            or RuntimeError(
+                                "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
+                            )
+                        )
                     return
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
-                if reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
+                if (
+                    is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                    or reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts
+                ):
                     raise err
             except Exception as exc:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(exc):
+                    if self._stop_rejected_lifecycle_watcher(
+                        exc, unless_run_started=opened_before_run
+                    ):
+                        return
+                    continue
                 reconnect_attempts += 1
                 if reconnect_attempts <= self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
                     continue
-                run_done = self._run_done
-                if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                    run_done.set_result(
-                        _RunTerminal(
-                            status="errored",
-                            error=RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}"),
-                        )
-                    )
+                self._fail_run_done(
+                    frame_error or RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}")
+                )
                 return
 
+    def _stop_rejected_lifecycle_watcher(
+        self, error: BaseException, *, unless_run_started: bool = False
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Fail the run with a 4xx `error` and clear the watcher, so run.start starts another.
+
+        Returns False, changing nothing, when `unless_run_started` is set and a
+        run has started. Holding the lock keeps a run.start from seeing this
+        watcher as still running once it has decided to stop.
+        """
+        with self._lifecycle_watcher_lock:
+            if unless_run_started and self._run_seen:
+                return False
+            self._fail_run_done(error)
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = None
+            return True
+
+    def _fail_run_done(self, error: BaseException) -> None:
+        run_done = self._run_done
+        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
+            run_done.set_result(_RunTerminal(status="errored", error=error))
+
     def _fetch_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Fetch the current thread state from the REST endpoint."""
         return self._http.get(
@@ -1614,7 +1673,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
             phase = data.get("event") if isinstance(data, dict) else None
             if phase in ("started", "running"):
                 self._run_seen = True
-            elif phase in ("completed", "failed"):
+            elif _is_root_terminal_lifecycle(event):
                 self.interrupted = False
                 self.interrupts = []
                 run_done = self._run_done

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/stream/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Thread-stream failures, shared by the async and sync clients."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import httpx
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed, InvalidStatus
+
+
+def protocol_error(response: dict[str, Any]) -> RuntimeError:
+    """Build the error for a protocol `{"type": "error"}` envelope."""
+    code = response.get("error", "unknown")
+    message = response.get("message", "")
+    return RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+
+
+def stream_error_frame(event: Any) -> RuntimeError | None:
+    """Return the error in an unsolicited `{"type": "error", "id": null}` frame.
+
+    The server sends one just before it closes a thread stream whose read failed.
+    """
+    if (
+        isinstance(event, dict)
+        and event.get("type") == "error"
+        and event.get("id") is None
+    ):
+        return protocol_error(event)
+    return None
+
+
+def is_non_retryable_stream_error(error: BaseException | None) -> bool:
+    """Whether reopening the stream would fail the same way.
+
+    True for a 4xx other than 408 and 429: the status of a refused stream request
+    or WebSocket upgrade, or a WebSocket close code of 4000 plus that status. A
+    server that rejects a WebSocket after accepting it closes with such a code,
+    because a browser can't read the status of a refused upgrade.
+    """
+    if isinstance(error, (httpx.HTTPStatusError, InvalidStatus)):
+        status = error.response.status_code
+    elif isinstance(error, ConnectionClosed) and error.rcvd is not None:
+        status = error.rcvd.code - 4000
+    else:
+        return False
+    return 400 <= status < 500 and status not in (408, 429)

libs/sdk-py/langgraph_sdk/stream/sync_controller.py

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from langchain_protocol import Event, SubscribeParams
 
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, filter_covers
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
     SyncEventStreamHandle,
@@ -167,6 +171,13 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                 return
             try:
                 for event in self._dedup_iter(shared.events):
+                    if (frame_error := stream_error_frame(event)) is not None:
+                        _logger.warning(
+                            "Thread %s event stream failed: %s",
+                            self._transport.thread_id,
+                            frame_error,
+                        )
+                        continue
                     with self._lock:
                         if self._closed:
                             break
@@ -190,7 +201,11 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                     continue  # rotation happened; pick up new stream
                 # No rotation — check if this was a transport drop
             err = shared.error()
-            if err is not None and not self._closed:
+            if (
+                err is not None
+                and not is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                and not self._closed
+            ):
                 if self._reconnect_shared_stream():
                     continue
             break
@@ -199,25 +214,6 @@ class SyncStreamController:
             for sub in self._subscriptions.values():
                 sub.queue.put(None)
 
-    def _reconnect_shared_stream(self) -> bool:
-        with self._lock:
-            base_filter = self._shared_stream_filter
-        if base_filter is None:
-            return False
-        for _ in range(self._max_reconnect_attempts):
-            with self._lock:
-                if self._closed:
-                    return False
-                params = self._filter_with_since(base_filter)
-            try:
-                new_stream = self._transport.open_event_stream(params)
-            except Exception:
-                continue
-            with self._lock:
-                self._shared_stream = new_stream
-            return True
-        return False
-
     def _compute_current_union(
         self, extra: SubscribeParams | None = None
     ) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -296,7 +292,8 @@ class SyncStreamController:
         """Attempt to reopen the shared stream after a transport drop.
 
         Returns True if a new stream was successfully opened, False if all
-        reconnect attempts were exhausted or the controller was closed.
+        reconnect attempts were exhausted, the server rejected the stream with a
+        non-retryable 4xx, or the controller was closed.
         """
         base_filter = self._shared_stream_filter
         if base_filter is None:
@@ -317,6 +314,8 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                         old.close()
                 return True
             except Exception as err:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(err):
+                    return False
                 _logger.debug("sync reconnect attempt %d failed: %r", attempt, err)
         return False
 

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/_events.py

@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ def lifecycle_errored_event(
     return _base(seq, "lifecycle", namespace or [], {"event": "failed", "error": error})
 
 
+def thread_stream_failed_frame() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Unsolicited error frame the server sends before closing a failed stream."""
+    return {
+        "type": "error",
+        "id": None,
+        "error": "unknown_error",
+        "message": "Thread event stream failed.",
+    }
+
+
 def values_event(
     seq: int = 0, namespace: list[str] | None = None, **data: Any
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/_fake_server.py

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class _StreamScript:
     events: list[dict[str, Any]]
     delay: float = 0.0
     fail_after: int | None = None
+    status: int = 200
 
 
 class FakeServer:
@@ -263,6 +264,8 @@ class FakeServer:
                     events=list(self.scripted_events), delay=self._stream_delay
                 )
             )
+            if script.status != 200:
+                return httpx.Response(script.status, json={"detail": "scripted"})
             self.open_event_streams += 1
             self._open_event_streams_max = max(
                 self._open_event_streams_max, self.open_event_streams

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/_sync_fake_server.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import orjson
 class SyncStreamScript:
     events: list[dict[str, Any]]
     fail_after: int | None = None
+    status: int = 200
 
 
 class _SseByteStream(httpx.SyncByteStream):
@@ -113,6 +114,8 @@ class SyncFakeServer:
                 if self._stream_scripts
                 else SyncStreamScript(events=list(self.scripted_events))
             )
+            if script.status != 200:
+                return httpx.Response(script.status, json={"detail": "scripted"})
             return httpx.Response(
                 200,
                 headers={"content-type": "text/event-stream"},

libs/sdk-py/tests/streaming/test_lifecycle_namespace.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Child lifecycle completion must not finish the parent thread's output."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import cast
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from langchain_protocol import Event
+
+from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._async.threads import ThreadsClient
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.stream import _BlockingResult
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.threads import SyncThreadsClient
+from streaming._events import input_requested_event, lifecycle_event
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("phase", ["completed", "failed"])
+async def test_async_child_terminal_does_not_finish_root(phase):
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        thread = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw)).stream(
+            thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent"
+        )
+        thread._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, input_requested_event(namespace=["sub:1"]))
+        )
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(namespace=["sub:1"], event=phase))
+        )
+        assert not thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts[0]["namespace"] == ["sub:1"]
+
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(event="completed"))
+        )
+        assert thread._run_done.done()
+        assert (await thread._run_done).error is None
+        assert not thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("phase", ["completed", "failed"])
+def test_sync_child_terminal_does_not_finish_root(phase):
+    with httpx.Client(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        thread = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw)).stream(
+            thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent"
+        )
+        thread._run_done = _BlockingResult()
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, input_requested_event(namespace=["sub:1"]))
+        )
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(namespace=["sub:1"], event=phase))
+        )
+        assert not thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts[0]["namespace"] == ["sub:1"]
+
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(cast(Event, lifecycle_event(event="completed")))
+        assert thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread._run_done.result().error is None
+        assert not thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts == []