test(langgraph): provide dedicated benchmark snapshot builder

Build secret-free snapshots from a pinned public revision and align file transfers with the LangSmith sandbox SDK. Co-authored-by: open-swe[bot] <open-swe@users.noreply.github.com>
test(langgraph): add distributed scripted DeltaChannel benchmarks
2026-10-30 02:41:30 +01:00 · 2026-10-23 23:28:26 +00:00 · 2026-10-23 20:17:40 +00:00 · 2026-10-23 14:18:08 +00:00 · 2026-10-23 09:32:43 -04:00 · 2026-10-22 17:26:01 -04:00
84 changed files with 4208 additions and 800 deletions
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.4.22"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/ee/6caf7a40c36a1220410afe15a1cc64993a1f864871f698c0f93acb72842a/certifi-2026.4.22.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8d455352a37b71bf76a79caa83a3d6c25afee4a385d632127b6afb3963f1c580", size = 137077, upload-time = "2026-04-22T11:26:11.191Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/30/7cd8fdcdfbc5b869528b079bfb76dcdf6056b1a2097a662e5e8c04f42965/certifi-2026.4.22-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3cb2210c8f88ba2318d29b0388d1023c8492ff72ecdde4ebdaddbb13a31b1c4a", size = 135707, upload-time = "2026-04-22T11:26:09.372Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1364,6 +1364,17 @@ def test_search_empty_prefix_is_unconstrained(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
    }


+@pytest.mark.parametrize("batched", [False, True])
+def test_search_rejects_nul_namespace_prefix(store: SqliteStore, batched: bool) -> None:
+    store.put(("a",), "key", {"v": 1})
+
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidNamespaceError, match="NUL"):
+        if batched:
+            store.batch([SearchOp(("a\x00",))])
+        else:
+            store.search(("a\x00",))
+
+
 def test_namespace_labels_with_trailing_newline(store: SqliteStore) -> None:
    """Labels may contain newlines, and must not match a differently-named label.

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1333,6 +1333,10 @@ def _validate_namespace_labels(namespace: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
            raise InvalidNamespaceError(
                f"Invalid namespace label '{label}' found in {namespace}. Namespace labels cannot contain periods ('.')."
            )
+        elif "\x00" in label:
+            raise InvalidNamespaceError(
+                f"Invalid namespace label '{label}' found in {namespace}. Namespace labels cannot contain NUL bytes ('\\x00')."
+            )
        elif not label:
            raise InvalidNamespaceError(
                f"Namespace labels cannot be empty strings. Got {label} in {namespace}"
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ async def test_cannot_put_empty_namespace() -> None:
    assert (await async_store.aget(("valid", "namespace"), "key")) is None


-INVALID_NAMESPACES = [("foo.bar",), ("foo", ""), (123,)]
+INVALID_NAMESPACES = [("foo.bar",), ("foo\x00",), ("foo", ""), (123,)]
 NAMESPACE_METHODS = ["get", "delete", "search", "prefix", "suffix"]


@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from langgraph_cli.schemas import (
    GraphDef,
    HttpConfig,
    IndexConfig,
+    PriorityConfig,
    SecurityConfig,
    SerdeConfig,
    StoreConfig,
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ def add_descriptions_to_schema(schema, cls):
                StoreConfig,
                IndexConfig,
                AuthConfig,
+                PriorityConfig,
                SecurityConfig,
                HttpConfig,
                CorsConfig,
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
    "test:all": "yarn test && yarn test:int && yarn lint:langgraph"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@langchain/core": "^1.2.9",
-    "@langchain/langgraph": "^1.4.13"
+    "@langchain/core": "^1.2.13",
+    "@langchain/langgraph": "^1.4.18"
  },
  "resolutions": {
    "@langchain/langgraph-checkpoint": "1.0.4",
@@ -30,21 +30,21 @@
    "@eslint/eslintrc/js-yaml": "4.3.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.6",
+    "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.7",
    "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
    "@tsconfig/recommended": "^1.0.13",
    "@types/jest": "^30.0.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.68.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.68.0",
-    "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
-    "eslint": "^10.9.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.70.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.70.1",
+    "dotenv": "^18.0.4",
+    "eslint": "^10.11.0",
    "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.32.0",
    "eslint-plugin-no-instanceof": "^1.0.1",
    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.5.6",
-    "jest": "^30.5.0",
-    "prettier": "^3.9.6",
-    "ts-jest": "^29.4.12",
+    "jest": "^30.5.2",
+    "prettier": "^3.9.9",
+    "ts-jest": "^29.4.14",
    "typescript": "^7.0.2"
  }
 }
@@ -581,17 +581,17 @@ base64-js@^1.5.1:
  integrity sha512-AKpaYlHn8t4SVbOHCy+b5+KKgvR4vrsD8vbvrbiQJps7fKDTkjkDry6ji0rUJjC0kzbNePLwzxq8iypo41qeWA==

 brace-expansion@^1.1.7:
-  version "1.1.12"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz#ab9b454466e5a8cc3a187beaad580412a9c5b843"
-  integrity sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==
+  version "1.1.21"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.21.tgz#edf4fab5c64d051aea5a8def49aba1c7522279f3"
+  integrity sha512-9zeA+KLZNNzglF2TPKRQEDyx6Yby7daAkuy8MiPzpXPsYDWi/DRM8jmwUDxokQjYqBpv5DgPiwD4h4ZZSy1Ujw==
  dependencies:
    balanced-match "^1.0.0"
    concat-map "0.0.1"

 brace-expansion@^5.0.8:
-  version "5.0.9"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.9.tgz#7c72438809b5fa5babf54199a1f1c281a6984fcf"
-  integrity sha512-ScQ4IuvIEF1TMlP7Zt+vjJ//9zlPb2SDcxWxM3bk8s6t6GGdJ7KO1dCcTidOPJKePW30LE/2cT7wCyPho9/Wxg==
+  version "5.0.12"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.12.tgz#995fbb4750a77c4d16a7dc942ff2ca6ef8e675ec"
+  integrity sha512-YovQ3rzhaLMIrDjNDMkNS01tea93qhEhG5xy8f6+R0l+dw3Ki+5sCoIoI942iuLZTHWogWktgwVDhU09iNEimQ==
  dependencies:
    balanced-match "^4.0.2"

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "0.4.35"
+__version__ = "0.4.38"
@@ -847,6 +847,7 @@ def dev(
        store=config_json.get("store"),
        wait_for_client=wait_for_client,
        auth=config_json.get("auth"),
+        priority=config_json.get("priority"),
        http=config_json.get("http"),
        ui=config_json.get("ui"),
        ui_config=config_json.get("ui_config"),
@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ def validate_config(
        "store": config.get("store"),
        "auth": config.get("auth"),
        "encryption": config.get("encryption"),
+        "priority": config.get("priority"),
        "http": config.get("http"),
        # Pass through webhooks config so it can be injected into the image
        "webhooks": config.get("webhooks"),
@@ -606,6 +607,19 @@ def validate_config(
                    f"Invalid encryption.path format: '{encryption_conf['path']}'. "
                    "Must be in format './path/to/file.py:attribute_name'"
                )
+    # Validate priority config
+    if priority_conf := config.get("priority"):
+        if "path" in priority_conf:
+            if ":" not in priority_conf["path"]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid priority.path format: '{priority_conf['path']}'. "
+                    "Must be in format './path/to/file.py:attribute_name'"
+                )
+            if _is_node_graph(priority_conf["path"]):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "JavaScript priority callbacks are not supported: "
+                    f"'{priority_conf['path']}'. Use a Python file or module instead."
+                )
    if http_conf := config.get("http"):
        if "app" in http_conf:
            if ":" not in http_conf["app"]:
@@ -649,6 +663,7 @@ _KNOWN_CONFIG_KEYS = {
    "store",
    "auth",
    "encryption",
+    "priority",
    "http",
    "webhooks",
    "checkpointer",
@@ -1080,6 +1095,49 @@ def _update_encryption_path(
    )


+def _update_priority_path(
+    config_path: pathlib.Path, config: Config, local_deps: LocalDeps
+) -> None:
+    """Update priority.path to use Docker container paths."""
+    priority_conf = config.get("priority")
+    if not priority_conf or not (path_str := priority_conf.get("path")):
+        return
+
+    module_str, sep, attr_str = path_str.partition(":")
+    if not sep or not module_str.startswith("."):
+        return  # Already validated or absolute path
+
+    resolved = config_path.parent / module_str
+    if not resolved.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(
+            f"Priority file not found: {resolved} (from {path_str})"
+        )
+    if not resolved.is_file():
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"Priority path must be a file: {resolved}")
+
+    # Check faux packages first (they take precedence)
+    for faux_path, (_, destpath) in local_deps.faux_pkgs.items():
+        if resolved.is_relative_to(faux_path):
+            new_path = f"{destpath}/{resolved.relative_to(faux_path)}:{attr_str}"
+            priority_conf["path"] = new_path
+            return
+
+    # Check real packages
+    for real_path in local_deps.real_pkgs:
+        if resolved.is_relative_to(real_path):
+            new_path = (
+                f"/deps/{real_path.name}/{resolved.relative_to(real_path)}:{attr_str}"
+            )
+            priority_conf["path"] = new_path
+            return
+
+    raise ValueError(
+        f"Priority file '{resolved}' not covered by dependencies.\n"
+        "Add its parent directory to the 'dependencies' array in your config.\n"
+        f"Current dependencies: {config['dependencies']}"
+    )
+
+
 def _update_checkpointer_path(
    config_path: pathlib.Path, config: Config, local_deps: LocalDeps
 ) -> None:
@@ -1213,6 +1271,9 @@ def _build_runtime_env_vars(config: Config) -> list[str]:
    if (encryption_config := config.get("encryption")) is not None:
        env_vars.append(f"ENV LANGGRAPH_ENCRYPTION='{json.dumps(encryption_config)}'")

+    if (priority_config := config.get("priority")) is not None:
+        env_vars.append(f"ENV LANGGRAPH_PRIORITY='{json.dumps(priority_config)}'")
+
    if (http_config := config.get("http")) is not None:
        env_vars.append(f"ENV LANGGRAPH_HTTP='{json.dumps(http_config)}'")

@@ -1380,6 +1441,8 @@ def python_config_to_docker(
    _update_auth_path(config_path, config, local_deps)
    # Rewrite encryption path, so it points to the correct location in the Docker container
    _update_encryption_path(config_path, config, local_deps)
+    # Rewrite priority path, so it points to the correct location in the Docker container
+    _update_priority_path(config_path, config, local_deps)
    # Rewrite checkpointer path, so it points to the correct location in the Docker container
    _update_checkpointer_path(config_path, config, local_deps)
    # Rewrite HTTP app path, so it points to the correct location in the Docker container
@@ -1209,6 +1209,33 @@ class DockerBuildCommand:
        return cls(("docker", "buildx", "build"), flags)


+def _active_docker_host(runner: CommandRunner) -> str | None:
+    """Return the daemon endpoint of the user's active Docker context.
+
+    None when `DOCKER_HOST` is set, which Docker honors with any config
+    directory. Also None when the lookup fails (for example, `DOCKER_CONTEXT`
+    names a context that doesn't exist) or the context has no Docker endpoint
+    (Docker prints `<no value>`); that keeps Docker's own default in place.
+    """
+    if os.environ.get("DOCKER_HOST"):
+        return None
+    try:
+        stdout, _ = runner.run(
+            subp_exec(
+                "docker",
+                "context",
+                "inspect",
+                "--format",
+                "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}",
+                collect=True,
+            )
+        )
+    except (click.exceptions.Exit, OSError):
+        return None
+    host = (stdout or "").strip()
+    return host if "://" in host else None
+
+
 def _docker_argv(docker_config_dir: str | None) -> tuple[str, ...]:
    if docker_config_dir is None:
        return ("docker",)
@@ -1242,17 +1269,13 @@ def _push_image(
    runner: CommandRunner,
    image: str,
    *,
-    docker_config_dir: str | None,
+    docker: tuple[str, ...],
    verbose: bool,
 ) -> None:
    for attempt in range(1, _PUSH_ATTEMPTS + 1):
        try:
            with Progress(message="Pushing...", elapsed=not verbose):
-                runner.run(
-                    subp_exec(
-                        *_docker_argv(docker_config_dir), "push", image, verbose=verbose
-                    )
-                )
+                runner.run(subp_exec(*docker, "push", image, verbose=verbose))
            return
        except click.exceptions.Exit:
            if attempt == _PUSH_ATTEMPTS:
@@ -1337,6 +1360,11 @@ def _run_local_build(
        registry_host = repository.split("/")[0]

        with _docker_config_for_token(registry_host, deployment_token, username) as cfg:
+            # A config directory has no current context, so Docker would fall
+            # back to /var/run/docker.sock; keep using the daemon the build used.
+            docker_host = _active_docker_host(runner)
+            host_args = ("--host", docker_host) if docker_host else ()
+            docker = (*_docker_argv(cfg), *host_args)
            _log_deploy_step(step, f"Logging into {registry_host}")
            token_input = (
                deployment_token
@@ -1345,7 +1373,7 @@ def _run_local_build(
            )
            runner.run(
                subp_exec(
-                    *_docker_argv(cfg),
+                    *docker,
                    "login",
                    "-u",
                    username,
@@ -1361,7 +1389,7 @@ def _run_local_build(
            runner.run(
                subp_exec("docker", "tag", image_to_push, remote_image, verbose=verbose)
            )
-            _push_image(runner, remote_image, docker_config_dir=cfg, verbose=verbose)
+            _push_image(runner, remote_image, docker=docker, verbose=verbose)
        step += 1

        resolved_image = _resolve_pushed_image_digest(
@@ -1532,6 +1560,14 @@ def _resolve_or_create(
            secrets=ctx.secrets,
        )
    except HostBackendError as err:
+        if err.status_code == 400 and err.detail == (
+            "Scale to zero deployments are not supported in AWS environments"
+        ):
+            raise HostBackendError(
+                f"{err.message}\nUse --deployment-type dev instead.",
+                status_code=err.status_code,
+                detail=err.detail,
+            ) from None
        if _needs_a_listener(err):
            raise ListenerRequiredError(
                "The image has to come from a registry you manage, so re-run with "
@@ -1826,7 +1862,7 @@ class CustomerRegistrySource:
                _build_image(runner, ctx.spec, image, verbose=ctx.verbose)
            step += 1
            _log_deploy_step(step, f"Pushing image {image}")
-            _push_image(runner, image, docker_config_dir=None, verbose=ctx.verbose)
+            _push_image(runner, image, docker=_docker_argv(None), verbose=ctx.verbose)
            step += 1
            digest = _resolve_pushed_image_digest(
                runner, remote_image=image, docker_config_dir=None, verbose=ctx.verbose
@@ -2185,11 +2221,13 @@ def _deploy_base_options(
            ),
            click.option(
                "--deployment-type",
-                type=click.Choice(["dev", "prod"]),
-                default="dev",
+                type=click.Choice(["serverless", "dedicated", "dev", "prod"]),
+                default="serverless",
                show_default=True,
                help=(
-                    "Deployment type (used when creating a new deployment). "
+                    "Deployment type (used when creating a new deployment): "
+                    "serverless (scale to zero) or dedicated (prod); "
+                    "legacy dev and prod are also accepted. "
                    "Ignored with --push-to."
                ),
            ),
@@ -2480,7 +2518,9 @@ def _deploy_cmd(
            ),
            verbose=verbose,
            selector=selector,
-            deployment_type=deployment_type,
+            deployment_type={"serverless": "dev_zero", "dedicated": "prod"}.get(
+                deployment_type, deployment_type
+            ),
            secrets=secrets,
            tracked_packages=tracked_packages,
        )
@@ -44,11 +44,8 @@ async def subp_exec(
    on_stdout: Callable[[str], bool | None] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
    if verbose:
-        cmd_str = f"+ {cmd} {' '.join(map(str, args))}"
-        if input:
-            print(cmd_str, " <\n", "\n".join(filter(None, input.splitlines())), sep="")
-        else:
-            print(cmd_str)
+        # Never echo stdin: it can carry secrets (docker login --password-stdin).
+        print(f"+ {cmd} {' '.join(map(str, args))}")
    if wait:
        await asyncio.sleep(wait)

@@ -373,6 +373,27 @@ class EncryptionConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
    """


+class PriorityConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """Configuration for custom run priority logic.
+
+    Allows you to decide each thread's priority settings with a Python function
+    that the server calls at the first run on a thread with no settings, which
+    can come long after the thread was created."""
+
+    path: str
+    """Required. Path to an instance of the Priority() class that registers an assign function.
+
+    Format: "path/to/file.py:my_priority"
+
+    Example:
+        {
+            "priority": {
+                "path": "./priority.py:my_priority"
+            }
+        }
+    """
+
+
 class CorsConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
    """Specifies Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) rules for your server.

@@ -753,6 +774,13 @@ class Config(TypedDict, total=False):
    Allows you to implement custom encryption for sensitive data stored in the database.
    """

+    priority: PriorityConfig | None
+    """Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.
+
+    Allows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,
+    which can come long after the thread was created.
+    """
+
    http: HttpConfig | None
    """Optional. Configuration for the built-in HTTP server, controlling which custom routes are exposed
    and how cross-origin requests are handled.
@@ -784,6 +812,7 @@ __all__ = [
    "CheckpointerConfig",
    "AuthConfig",
    "EncryptionConfig",
+    "PriorityConfig",
    "HttpConfig",
    "MiddlewareOrders",
    "Distros",
@@ -910,6 +910,7 @@ def python_config_to_docker_uv_lock(
    for section, key in [
        ("auth", "path"),
        ("encryption", "path"),
+        ("priority", "path"),
        ("checkpointer", "path"),
        ("http", "app"),
    ]:
@@ -196,6 +196,17 @@
                }
              ]
            },
+            "priority": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/PriorityConfig"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "null"
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": "Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,\nwhich can come long after the thread was created.\n"
+            },
            "source": {
              "anyOf": [
                {
@@ -438,6 +449,17 @@
                }
              ]
            },
+            "priority": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/PriorityConfig"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "null"
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": "Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,\nwhich can come long after the thread was created.\n"
+            },
            "source": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/UvSource"
            },
@@ -666,6 +688,17 @@
                }
              ]
            },
+            "priority": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/PriorityConfig"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "null"
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": "Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,\nwhich can come long after the thread was created.\n"
+            },
            "source": {
              "anyOf": [
                {
@@ -1170,6 +1203,18 @@
      },
      "required": []
    },
+    "PriorityConfig": {
+      "title": "PriorityConfig",
+      "description": "Configuration for custom run priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings with a Python function\nthat the server calls at the first run on a thread with no settings, which\ncan come long after the thread was created.",
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "path": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Required. Path to an instance of the Priority() class that registers an assign function.\n"
+        }
+      },
+      "required": []
+    },
    "UvSource": {
      "title": "UvSource",
      "description": "Deployment source rooted at a uv project or workspace.",
@@ -196,6 +196,17 @@
                }
              ]
            },
+            "priority": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/PriorityConfig"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "null"
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": "Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,\nwhich can come long after the thread was created.\n"
+            },
            "source": {
              "anyOf": [
                {
@@ -438,6 +449,17 @@
                }
              ]
            },
+            "priority": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/PriorityConfig"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "null"
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": "Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,\nwhich can come long after the thread was created.\n"
+            },
            "source": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/UvSource"
            },
@@ -666,6 +688,17 @@
                }
              ]
            },
+            "priority": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/PriorityConfig"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "null"
+                }
+              ],
+              "description": "Optional. Custom run priority config, including the path to your Python priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings at the first run on a thread with no settings,\nwhich can come long after the thread was created.\n"
+            },
            "source": {
              "anyOf": [
                {
@@ -1170,6 +1203,18 @@
      },
      "required": []
    },
+    "PriorityConfig": {
+      "title": "PriorityConfig",
+      "description": "Configuration for custom run priority logic.\n\nAllows you to decide each thread's priority settings with a Python function\nthat the server calls at the first run on a thread with no settings, which\ncan come long after the thread was created.",
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "path": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Required. Path to an instance of the Priority() class that registers an assign function.\n"
+        }
+      },
+      "required": []
+    },
    "UvSource": {
      "title": "UvSource",
      "description": "Deployment source rooted at a uv project or workspace.",
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ import json
 import pathlib
 import re
 import shutil
+import sys
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock

 import click
 from click.testing import CliRunner
@@ -371,6 +373,32 @@ def test_dev_command_requires_ssl_certfile_and_keyfile_together(tmp_path) -> Non
    assert "Both --ssl-certfile and --ssl-keyfile must be provided" in result.output


+def test_dev_command_passes_priority_to_the_server(tmp_path, monkeypatch) -> None:
+    config_path = tmp_path / "langgraph.json"
+    config_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "dependencies": ["."],
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+                "priority": {"path": "./priority.py:priority"},
+            }
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    # The test environment doesn't install langgraph-api, so stand in for its server.
+    server = MagicMock()
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "langgraph_api.cli", server)
+    # dev appends the working directory and its dependencies to sys.path.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "path", list(sys.path))
+
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(cli, ["dev", "--config", str(config_path)])
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert server.run_server.call_args.kwargs["priority"] == {
+        "path": "./priority.py:priority"
+    }
+
+
 def test_deploy_list_command(monkeypatch) -> None:
    runner = CliRunner()
    captured: dict[str, str] = {}
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ ARCHIVE = ("/tmp/src.tgz", 2048, "langgraph.json")
 OBJECT_PATH = "tarballs/src.tgz"
 PLATFORM_FORMAT = "{{.Os}}/{{.Architecture}}"
 DIGESTS_FORMAT = "{{json .RepoDigests}}"
+CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT = "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}"
+CONTEXT_HOST = "unix:///Users/dev/.docker/run/docker.sock"
 NOT_A_CLI_DEPLOYMENT = (
    "push token is only available for 'internal_docker' source deployments"
 )
@@ -192,6 +194,8 @@ class DockerCommand:
 class DockerDouble:
    timeline: list[str]
    failing_pushes: int = 0
+    context_lookup_fails: bool = False
+    context_host: str = CONTEXT_HOST
    builds: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
    commands: list[DockerCommand] = field(default_factory=list)

@@ -235,6 +239,10 @@ class DockerDouble:
        if "push" in args and self.failing_pushes > 0:
            self.failing_pushes -= 1
            raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
+        if CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT in args:
+            if self.context_lookup_fails:
+                raise click.exceptions.Exit(1)
+            return f"{self.context_host}\n", None
        if PLATFORM_FORMAT in args:
            return "linux/amd64\n", None
        if DIGESTS_FORMAT in args:
@@ -244,6 +252,8 @@ class DockerDouble:

    @staticmethod
    def _verb(args: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+        if CONTEXT_HOST_FORMAT in args:
+            return "inspect-context"
        if PLATFORM_FORMAT in args:
            return "inspect-platform"
        if DIGESTS_FORMAT in args:
@@ -292,7 +302,12 @@ def deploy_project(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> DeployPro
        json.dumps({"graphs": {"agent": "agent.py:graph"}, "dependencies": ["."]})
    )
    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
-    for name in ("LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID", "LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT", "LANGGRAPH_HOST_URL"):
+    for name in (
+        "LANGSMITH_TENANT_ID",
+        "LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT",
+        "LANGGRAPH_HOST_URL",
+        "DOCKER_HOST",
+    ):
        monkeypatch.delenv(name, raising=False)

    timeline: list[str] = []
@@ -329,6 +344,44 @@ def deploy_project(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> DeployPro
    return DeployProject(control_plane, docker, timeline, uploads)


+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("detail", "expects_dev_hint"),
+    [
+        ("Scale to zero deployments are not supported in AWS environments", True),
+        ("No eligible cluster is currently available to host this deployment.", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_create_failure_preserves_backend_error_and_only_hints_for_aws_rejection(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str, detail: str, expects_dev_hint: bool
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.control_plane.create_error = detail
+
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 1, result.output
+    assert detail in result.output
+    assert ("Use --deployment-type dev instead." in result.output) is expects_dev_hint
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": "dev_zero"
+    }
+    assert deploy_project.timeline == [LIST_DEPLOYMENTS, CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+def test_aws_serverless_creation_succeeds_when_backend_accepts_it(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(
+        build_mode, host_url="https://aws.api.host.langchain.com"
+    )
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": "dev_zero"
+    }
+
+
 def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
    deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -340,6 +393,7 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
        CREATE_DEPLOYMENT,
        "docker build",
        _push_token(CREATED_ID),
+        "docker inspect-context",
        "docker login",
        "docker tag",
        "docker push",
@@ -349,15 +403,41 @@ def test_first_local_deploy_creates_then_builds_pushes_and_updates_in_order(
    assert "Deployment updated" in result.output


-def test_first_local_deploy_creates_an_internal_docker_deployment(
-    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("deployment_type", "wire_type"),
+    [
+        ("serverless", "dev_zero"),
+        ("dedicated", "prod"),
+        ("dev", "dev"),
+        ("prod", "prod"),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("build_mode", ["--no-remote", "--remote"])
+def test_deployment_type_aliases(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, deployment_type: str, wire_type: str, build_mode: str
 ) -> None:
-    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode, "--deployment-type", deployment_type)

+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT]["source_config"] == {
+        "deployment_type": wire_type
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("build_mode", "source"),
+    [("--no-remote", "internal_docker"), ("--remote", "internal_source")],
+)
+def test_first_deploy_defaults_to_serverless(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, build_mode: str, source: str
+) -> None:
+    result = deploy_project.run(build_mode)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
    assert deploy_project.control_plane.bodies[CREATE_DEPLOYMENT] == {
        "name": "my-app",
-        "source": "internal_docker",
-        "source_config": {"deployment_type": "dev"},
+        "source": source,
+        "source_config": {"deployment_type": "dev_zero"},
        "source_revision_config": {},
        "secrets": [],
    }
@@ -406,7 +486,7 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_control_plane_push_token(

    login = deploy_project.docker.command("login")
    assert login.args[:2] == ("docker", "--config")
-    assert login.args[3:] == (
+    assert login.args[-5:] == (
        "login",
        "-u",
        "oauth2accesstoken",
@@ -416,6 +496,53 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_control_plane_push_token(
    assert login.kwargs["input"] == f"{PUSH_TOKEN}\n"


+def test_local_deploy_logs_in_and_pushes_through_the_active_docker_context(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    """The temporary config has no current context, so without the active
+    context's endpoint Docker would push through /var/run/docker.sock."""
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    for verb in ("login", "push"):
+        args = deploy_project.docker.command(verb).args
+        assert args[3:5] == ("--host", CONTEXT_HOST), verb
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_leaves_an_explicit_docker_host_to_docker(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "tcp://127.0.0.1:2375")
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    for verb in ("login", "push"):
+        assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command(verb).args, verb
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_keeps_dockers_default_when_the_context_lookup_fails(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.docker.context_lookup_fails = True
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command("push").args
+
+
+def test_local_deploy_ignores_a_context_without_a_docker_endpoint(
+    deploy_project: DeployProject,
+) -> None:
+    deploy_project.docker.context_host = "<no value>"
+
+    result = deploy_project.run("--no-remote")
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
+    assert "--host" not in deploy_project.docker.command("push").args
+
+
 def test_local_deploy_tells_the_control_plane_it_honors_registry_usernames(
    deploy_project: DeployProject,
 ) -> None:
@@ -438,7 +565,7 @@ def test_local_deploy_logs_in_with_the_username_the_control_plane_returns(
    deploy_project.run("--no-remote")

    login = deploy_project.docker.command("login")
-    assert login.args[3:] == (
+    assert login.args[-5:] == (
        "login",
        "-u",
        "AWS",
@@ -506,6 +633,7 @@ def test_prebuilt_image_is_validated_and_pushed_without_a_build(
    assert deploy_project.docker.builds == []
    assert deploy_project.docker.verbs() == [
        "docker inspect-platform",
+        "docker inspect-context",
        "docker login",
        "docker tag",
        "docker push",
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from langgraph_cli.config import (
    config_to_docker,
    default_base_image,
    docker_tag,
+    get_unknown_keys,
    has_disallowed_build_command_content,
    validate_config,
    validate_config_file,
@@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ def test_validate_config():
        "store": None,
        "auth": None,
        "encryption": None,
+        "priority": None,
        "webhooks": None,
        "checkpointer": None,
        "http": None,
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ def test_validate_config():
        "store": None,
        "auth": None,
        "encryption": None,
+        "priority": None,
        "webhooks": None,
        "checkpointer": None,
        "http": None,
@@ -1289,6 +1292,109 @@ def test_config_to_docker_python_encryption_formatted():
    )


+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path", ["./priority.py:priority", "my_package.priority:priority"]
+)
+def test_config_to_docker_python_priority(path: str):
+    # Test that priority config is kept by validation and isn't an unknown key
+    raw_config = {
+        "python_version": "3.11",
+        "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+        "dependencies": ["."],
+        "priority": {"path": path},
+    }
+    validated = validate_config(raw_config)
+
+    assert validated["priority"] == {"path": path}
+    assert get_unknown_keys(raw_config) == []
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_python_priority_bad_path():
+    # Test that invalid priority path format raises ValueError
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid priority.path format"):
+        validate_config(
+            {
+                "python_version": "3.11",
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+                "dependencies": ["."],
+                "priority": {"path": "./priority.py"},  # Missing :attribute
+            }
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ext", [".ts", ".mts", ".cts", ".js", ".mjs", ".cjs"])
+def test_config_to_docker_python_priority_js_path(ext: str):
+    # Test that a JavaScript priority path is rejected
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="JavaScript priority callbacks"):
+        validate_config(
+            {
+                "python_version": "3.11",
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./agent.py:graph"},
+                "dependencies": ["."],
+                "priority": {"path": f"./priority{ext}:priority"},
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_nodejs_priority():
+    # Test that a Node.js-only project can name a Python priority file
+    actual_docker_stdin, _ = config_to_docker(
+        PATH_TO_CONFIG,
+        validate_config(
+            {
+                "node_version": "20",
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./graphs/agent.js:graph"},
+                "priority": {"path": "./priority.py:priority"},
+            }
+        ),
+        base_image="langchain/langgraphjs-api",
+    )
+    assert (
+        """ENV LANGGRAPH_PRIORITY='{"path": "./priority.py:priority"}'"""
+        in actual_docker_stdin
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_python_priority_formatted():
+    # Test that priority config is written to the Docker output with its container path
+    actual_docker_stdin, _ = config_to_docker(
+        PATH_TO_CONFIG,
+        validate_config(
+            {
+                "python_version": "3.11",
+                "dependencies": ["."],
+                "graphs": {"agent": "./graphs/agent.py:graph"},
+                "priority": {"path": "./agent.py:my_priority"},
+            }
+        ),
+        base_image="langchain/langgraph-api",
+    )
+    assert (
+        "ENV LANGGRAPH_PRIORITY="
+        """'{"path": "/deps/outer-unit_tests/unit_tests/agent.py:my_priority"}'"""
+        in actual_docker_stdin
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_to_docker_python_priority_not_in_dependencies():
+    # Test that a priority file outside the dependencies raises ValueError
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Priority file .* not covered by dependencies"
+    ):
+        config_to_docker(
+            PATH_TO_CONFIG,
+            validate_config(
+                {
+                    "python_version": "3.11",
+                    "dependencies": ["./graphs"],
+                    "graphs": {"agent": "./graphs/agent.py:graph"},
+                    "priority": {"path": "./agent.py:my_priority"},
+                }
+            ),
+            base_image="langchain/langgraph-api",
+        )
+
+
 def test_config_to_docker_nodejs_internal_docker_tag():
    graphs = {"agent": "./graphs/agent.js:graph"}
    actual_docker_stdin, additional_contexts = config_to_docker(
@@ -1731,6 +1837,38 @@ def test_config_to_docker_uv_lock_honors_root_workspace_sources():
        )


+def test_config_to_docker_uv_lock_rewrites_priority_path():
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        tmpdir_path = pathlib.Path(tmpdir)
+        project_root, config_path = _write_uv_lock_workspace(
+            tmpdir_path,
+            agent_sources="[tool.uv.sources]\nshared = { workspace = true }",
+        )
+        (project_root / "libs" / "shared" / "src" / "shared" / "priority.py").touch()
+
+        config = validate_config(
+            {
+                "python_version": "3.11",
+                "graphs": {
+                    "agent": "../../apps/agent/src/agent/graph.py:graph",
+                },
+                "source": {"kind": "uv", "root": "../..", "package": "agent"},
+                "priority": {
+                    "path": "../../libs/shared/src/shared/priority.py:priority"
+                },
+            }
+        )
+        docker, _ = config_to_docker(
+            config_path, config, base_image="langchain/langgraph-api:0.2.47"
+        )
+
+        assert (
+            "ENV LANGGRAPH_PRIORITY="
+            """'{"path": "/deps/workspace/libs/shared/src/shared/priority.py:priority"}'"""
+            in docker
+        )
+
+
 def test_config_to_docker_uv_lock_ignores_unrelated_workspace_package_sources():
    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
        tmpdir_path = pathlib.Path(tmpdir)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import sys
+
+from langgraph_cli.exec import subp_exec
+
+
+async def test_verbose_prints_command_but_not_stdin(capsys):
+    await subp_exec(
+        sys.executable,
+        "-c",
+        "import sys; sys.stdin.read()",
+        input="registry-push-token\n",
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert out.startswith(f"+ {sys.executable} -c"), out
+    assert "registry-push-token" not in out, out
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+version = "2026.10.19"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
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 [[package]]
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-version = "2026.5.20"
+version = "2026.10.19"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
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 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/ec/f352ca2cc3b4b6191bb4ec8cdf4bc190eed0ba8bda4c33b7fd66c5d33cec/uv-0.13.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:52b5c753a7c2d5f8323a70bb4c93118988356331d0758afa6446c81f974e7196", size = 19004998, upload-time = "2026-10-20T15:11:52.628Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9e/4f/fc05ff4292edfe785b47874ec86d3d83ca2bf735cff8a9d2170ffb66ad83/uv-0.13.4-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:d333f01852b817ba05612de31474739da1af7e5463d119b30a9c4331eba1f408", size = 16190502, upload-time = "2026-10-20T15:11:56.657Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2f/b9/b526eab6c72eacc705a58378f6850fde046b28c86fed01bd42da61367c6b/uv-0.13.4-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b2ff80397273fff0e02c20eacae6882834c811827d6fc08f658db156fe754386", size = 15331833, upload-time = "2026-10-20T15:11:59.733Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7c/f7/4d5fa89d3d10ff6a84e547ef6e02c45b2f2d50e66682da778acf60db63f1/uv-0.13.4-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:deffa5a4afdb48f3e44fb26e80377d256b330ddcad0373daff4b54f6162b43a4", size = 15690151, upload-time = "2026-10-20T15:12:02.74Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -43,14 +43,31 @@ start-services:
 stop-services:
 	docker compose -f tests/compose-postgres.yml -f tests/compose-redis.yml down -v

+DEV_SERVER_PYTHON ?= 3.12
+DEV_SERVER_ENV = $(CURDIR)/.venvs/dev-server
+
 start-dev-server:
-	LOG_LEVEL=warning uv run langgraph dev --config tests/example_app/langgraph.json --no-browser & echo "$$!" > .devserver.pid
-	@echo "Dev server started."
+	uv sync --frozen --group test --no-dev
+	UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=$(DEV_SERVER_ENV) uv sync --frozen --group test --no-dev --python $(DEV_SERVER_PYTHON)
+	@LOG_LEVEL=warning UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=$(DEV_SERVER_ENV) uv run --no-sync --python $(DEV_SERVER_PYTHON) langgraph dev --config tests/example_app/langgraph.json --no-browser --no-reload & \
+	PID=$$!; echo "$$PID" > .devserver.pid; \
+	for ATTEMPT in $$(seq 1 60); do \
+		if ! kill -0 $$PID 2>/dev/null; then break; fi; \
+		if curl --fail --silent --max-time 1 http://localhost:2024/ok >/dev/null; then \
+			echo "Dev server ready."; exit 0; \
+		fi; \
+		sleep 1; \
+	done; \
+	echo "Dev server failed to become ready." >&2; \
+	kill $$PID 2>/dev/null || true; \
+	wait $$PID 2>/dev/null || true; \
+	rm -f .devserver.pid; exit 1

 stop-dev-server:
 	@if [ -f .devserver.pid ]; then \
-		kill `cat .devserver.pid` && rm .devserver.pid; \
-		 echo "Dev server stopped."; \
+		kill $$(cat .devserver.pid) 2>/dev/null || true; \
+		rm -f .devserver.pid; \
+		echo "Dev server stopped."; \
 	else \
 		echo "No dev server PID file found."; \
 	fi
@@ -60,13 +77,12 @@ NO_DOCKER ?= $(sh command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "false" || echo "tru

 test:
 	if [ "$(NO_DOCKER)" = "false" ]; then \
-		make start-services &&\
-		make start-dev-server &&\
-		uv run pytest $(TEST); \
-		EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-		make stop-services; \
-		make stop-dev-server; \
-		exit $$EXIT_CODE; \
+		trap '$(MAKE) stop-dev-server; $(MAKE) stop-services' EXIT; \
+		trap 'exit 130' INT; trap 'exit 143' TERM; \
+		$(MAKE) start-services &&\
+		$(MAKE) start-dev-server &&\
+		uv run --no-sync pytest $(TEST); \
+		exit $$?; \
 	else \
 		NO_DOCKER=true uv run pytest $(TEST) ; \
 		EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
@@ -74,13 +90,12 @@ test:
 	fi

 test_parallel:
-	make start-services &&\
-	make start-dev-server &&\
-	uv run pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST) -vv --lf; \
-	EXIT_CODE=$$?; \
-	make stop-services; \
-	make stop-dev-server; \
-	exit $$EXIT_CODE
+	trap '$(MAKE) stop-dev-server; $(MAKE) stop-services' EXIT; \
+	trap 'exit 130' INT; trap 'exit 143' TERM; \
+	$(MAKE) start-services &&\
+	$(MAKE) start-dev-server &&\
+	uv run --no-sync pytest -n auto --dist worksteal $(TEST) -vv --lf; \
+	exit $$?

 integration_tests:
 	uv run pytest integration_tests
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Distributed DeltaChannel benchmark
+
+The coordinator (`delta_distributed.py`) creates one disposable LangSmith sandbox
+per `(frequency, payload)` pair: 40 shards for the default 25–500 step-25 grid.
+Each shard owns a local Postgres process and grows one graph to 10000 updates,
+recording the five prefix lengths. `GenericFakeChatModel` scripts are deterministic;
+no provider API is used. Parallelism changes wall time, not total benchmark work.
+
+## Snapshot contract
+
+Supply an existing, immutable LangSmith snapshot with:
+
+- Linux, Python 3.14, git, PostgreSQL 14 binaries (`initdb`, `pg_ctl`) on PATH;
+- a checkout at `/workspace/langgraph`, pinned to the intended revision;
+- dependencies installed using `uv sync --frozen --group dev` in
+  `/workspace/langgraph/libs/langgraph`;
+- `/workspace/langgraph/libs/langgraph/.venv/bin/python` available;
+- a writable `/tmp`; a non-root user able to run Postgres, or root plus `runuser`
+  and the `postgres` OS account;
+- no Postgres listener already occupying loopback port 5432;
+- **no secrets baked into the snapshot**. Credentials are needed only by the
+  coordinator, not the shard. Use a dedicated snapshot, not a personal workspace
+  image with unrelated processes or credentials.
+
+The coordinator uploads only the benchmark source and shard worker. Libraries,
+interpreter and dependency versions come from the supplied snapshot. Every job
+uses that same snapshot ID and explicit CPU/memory/disk configuration. Snapshot
+construction/provisioning is intentionally separate; no image or paid fleet has
+been created by this change. This is a normal standalone benchmark project using
+the LangSmith SDK, not a change to the Open SWE workspace image.
+
+## Create the snapshot
+
+`delta_snapshot.py` builds the required image from the dedicated
+`delta-snapshot/Dockerfile` context. Only that Dockerfile is uploaded, never your
+working directory, `.env`, git credentials or LangSmith key. It uses Postgres
+14.7, uv 0.13.4 and Python 3.14.3, checks out a full public LangGraph commit SHA,
+and syncs the frozen dev dependencies. OS packages and version-tagged base images
+are not digest/apt-repository pinned; reuse the resulting immutable snapshot ID
+for comparable measurements rather than rebuilding between shards.
+
+From `libs/langgraph`, after checking out this PR and syncing dependencies:
+
+```bash
+uv run python bench/delta_snapshot.py \
+  --name delta-bench --output ./snapshot-plan.json
+```
+
+This dry run creates no resources. By default, the revision is local HEAD: it must
+already be pushed and reachable in the public repository. Uncommitted local code
+is **not** included. For a paid build, use a fresh receipt path:
+
+```bash
+uv run python bench/delta_snapshot.py \
+  --name delta-bench --output ./snapshot.json --execute
+```
+
+Optional flags: `--revision FULL_40_CHAR_SHA --vcpus 2 --memory-gib 8 --disk-gib 30
+--timeout 1800`. The defaults are builder sizing, not fleet concurrency. The SDK
+creates one temporary billable builder sandbox and a persistent snapshot, using
+`LANGSMITH_API_KEY`/`LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT` only on the coordinator. It cleans up the
+builder when the call exits; verify cleanup in LangSmith after a crash or failed
+build. The snapshot remains until you explicitly delete it. This command does not
+launch benchmark shards or alter an Open SWE workspace image.
+
+On success, `snapshot.json` contains `snapshot_id`, revision and build parameters:
+
+```bash
+export SNAPSHOT_ID="$(python -c 'import json; print(json.load(open("snapshot.json"))["snapshot_id"])')"
+```
+
+Then use `--snapshot-id "$SNAPSHOT_ID"` in the pilot command below. Build failures
+leave a `building` receipt: inspect LangSmith before retrying with a new name/path;
+do not assume a timeout means no snapshot or builder was created. Remote image
+build and pilot have not yet been executed; local SDK-contract tests are not a
+substitute for that end-to-end verification.
+
+## Plan first
+
+From `libs/langgraph`:
+
+```bash
+uv run python bench/delta_distributed.py \
+  --snapshot-id YOUR_SNAPSHOT_ID --concurrency 4 --timeout 14400 \
+  --vcpus 2 --memory-gib 8 --disk-gib 30 --output /tmp/delta-fleet
+```
+
+Without `--execute`, this only writes `plan.json`; it does not instantiate an SDK
+client, require credentials or provision resources. Values above are **examples,
+not selected budgets**. Agree on them before executing. With 40 shards and a
+4-hour benchmark timeout, the benchmark allowance alone is 160 sandbox-hours;
+readiness and result collection add overhead. The printed allowance is an
+estimate, not a monetary billing cap. Concurrency is capped at 40 and each shard
+benchmark timeout at 24 hours. There is no automatic retry storm.
+
+Start with a small pilot (new output directory):
+
+```bash
+uv run python bench/delta_distributed.py \
+  --snapshot-id YOUR_SNAPSHOT_ID --concurrency 2 --timeout 900 \
+  --vcpus 2 --memory-gib 8 --disk-gib 30 --output /tmp/delta-pilot \
+  --frequencies 25 300 --lengths 50 200 --profiles mock700
+```
+
+Review the generated plan, then repeat the exact command with `--execute` to
+create billable resources. The SDK reads `LANGSMITH_API_KEY` and
+`LANGSMITH_ENDPOINT` from the coordinator's environment. Never pass keys in CLI
+arguments, commit them, or bake them into the snapshot.
+
+## Lifecycle, recovery and outputs
+
+- Bounded thread-pool concurrency; each worker has its own SDK client.
+- Readiness timeout 300 seconds, benchmark subprocess timeout from the plan,
+  and remote execution timeout 120 seconds longer for startup/cleanup.
+- Completed CSV and metadata are fetched before sandbox deletion. A shard is
+  marked successful only after its sandbox has been deleted.
+- A shard's `attempt.json` records its sandbox name **before** creation. On a
+  process crash, ambiguous create or failed deletion, inspect that named resource
+  in LangSmith and delete it if it exists. Do not bulk-delete other sandboxes.
+  After verifying it is absent, set this ledger's state to `deleted` to allow
+  retry. An unresolved ledger blocks retry rather than leaking more resources.
+- Idle stop is 10 minutes and deletion after stop is 10 minutes, providing a
+  fallback for coordinator crashes. This is **not** a strict hard lifetime cap:
+  verify sandbox cleanup after interruption. Active exec/SDK lease behavior can
+  affect idle detection.
+- A shard failure stops admission of further jobs; already-running jobs finish
+  and clean up. Exceptions shown by workers use only their type, avoiding
+  inadvertent credential exposure. Failed command stdout/stderr are not copied
+  into shared artifacts. Inspect the sandbox before cleanup separately if deep
+  diagnostics are needed; automatic cleanup prioritizes preventing spend.
+- Rerun the identical plan/output directory to skip successful shards. Failed
+  shards restart from zero; partial remote CSVs are not recovered. Each completed
+  shard is an independent resume unit.
+- Launch **only one coordinator per output directory**; no cross-process lock is
+  implemented. Do not modify benchmark/worker source during a run. Source hashes
+  and plan equality reject changed-source or changed-budget resume.
+- Merge requires every expected frequency/profile/length exactly once. Missing,
+  duplicate, foreign and nonfinite rows fail validation. `combined.csv` and SVG
+  plots are emitted only for a complete plan. Per-shard CSV/metadata stay available.
+
+## Interpretation and verification limits
+
+See [measurement semantics](delta-results/README.md) before interpreting results.
+The normalized Pareto compromise is a heuristic, not a universal default. Full
+state hydration and mock payload compression can dominate the apparent tradeoff.
+Keep the end-to-end graph as the reference; direct checkpointer seeding is not
+implemented because equivalence has not been demonstrated. Read sampling remains
+one read per update to avoid treating assumed snapshot phase as measured truth.
+
+The coordinator lifecycle and failure paths are locally tested with a fake SDK;
+the benchmark itself has run against local Postgres. A real remote pilot still
+needs a prepared snapshot and an agreed concurrency/runtime budget. Do not treat
+mocked orchestration tests as evidence that a remote fleet has run successfully.
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# DeltaChannel snapshot-frequency sweep
+
+## Status and recommendation
+
+The sequential Postgres grid was stopped in favor of the distributed coordinator.
+`postgres.csv` contains four completed prefixes from frequency 25 / mock700, not a
+complete grid. No default change is justified by these partial measurements alone.
+Until the long-thread grid finishes, retain existing defaults rather than selecting a
+frequency from short threads. Frequency 300 remains a candidate for both LangGraph
+and deepagents based on the supplied fleet evidence, not a conclusion of this run.
+The capped grid does not benchmark LangGraph's current 1000 setting.
+
+`pilot.csv` contains the initial 25/300/500-frequency, 50/200-update exploratory run.
+Its first read includes initialization overhead; do not use that maximum as a steady
+state result. `scaling-pilot.csv` contains 1000-update runs at frequency 300 with
+warmup. These are explicitly partial grids. `postgres.csv` contains completed points
+from the requested full grid as it progresses; missing rows are not measurements.
+
+## Reproduce
+
+From `libs/langgraph`, sync declared dependencies with `uv sync --frozen --group dev`.
+Use a **dedicated disposable Postgres database**, not a production database. For
+example, start `postgres:14.7` with a loopback-only published port and configure
+`LANGGRAPH_BENCH_POSTGRES_URI` in the environment. The benchmark creates checkpointer
+tables and deletes only its UUID-scoped threads when each scenario finishes.
+
+```bash
+uv run python tests/test_delta_channel_benchmark.py --snapshot-sweep \
+  --backend postgres --output bench/delta-results/postgres.csv
+uv run python tests/test_delta_channel_benchmark.py --snapshot-sweep \
+  --backend memory --output bench/delta-results/memory.csv
+```
+
+Default grid: frequencies 25, 50, ..., 500; lengths 50, 200, 1000, 5000,
+10000; profiles `mock700` and `tool_calls`. Select a smoke grid with
+`--frequencies 25 300 500 --lengths 50 200`. The original multi-channel benchmark
+remains available by omitting `--snapshot-sweep`.
+
+Every frequency/profile builds one growing thread; shorter lengths are prefixes.
+Thus each backend performs 20 × 2 × 10000 = 400000 graph invocations and the
+same number of measured reads, plus warmups and separate heap measurements.
+There are 200 output rows per complete backend grid. Resume with identical
+arguments, source, revision and environment metadata: completed rows are skipped.
+An interrupted scenario is rebuilt from its beginning up to remaining lengths;
+resuming does not restore a partially written graph. Abrupt process termination
+may leave the current thread in the disposable database.
+
+## Workload and measurement semantics
+
+- Each invocation runs a deterministic `GenericFakeChatModel` script. There are
+  **no provider requests**, sleeps or stochastic outputs. Message and tool-call
+  IDs derive from the update index. Checkpoint IDs and timing vary between runs.
+- `mock700`: 350 ASCII bytes of human content plus 350 of assistant content.
+  This is **700 content bytes**, not 700 serialized bytes: message envelopes,
+  checkpoint metadata and a file update add overhead.
+- `tool_calls`: human request, scripted assistant `read_file` call, approximately
+  3.7 KB tool result, then an approximately 600-byte scripted response. It is a
+  synthetic deepagents-style workload, not captured production traffic.
+- Both `messages` and `files` receive one update in the same node per invocation.
+  Files use deterministic content lines and timestamps, adding a new report path
+  each time. This deliberately models growing file history, not overwriting a
+  fixed set of paths. The reducer merges batches of file dictionaries.
+- An update is **one graph invocation**, not one individual message. Each
+  invocation has input/start/node checkpoint supersteps; only the node writes
+  the two delta channels. The 5000-superstep bound is retained and recorded via
+  `LANGGRAPH_DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT`; the grid does not vary it.
+- Read statistics describe one warm-cache `get_state` after **every** invocation
+  from update 1 through the reported prefix. They are not repeated final-state
+  reads or a fixed-thread-length phase distribution. This captures pre-snapshot
+  phases as well as snapshots; the maximum is the **observed** slowest read and
+  may reflect system noise, not necessarily the deepest replay chain. Its update
+  and checkpoint ID are recorded. The measured checkpoint is later deleted.
+- Write statistics time end-to-end `graph.invoke`, including hydration, scripted
+  model CPU work and checkpoint writes; they are **not saver-only SQL latency**.
+- Heap peak comes from a separate traced read of the observed slowest checkpoint.
+  `tracemalloc` is off for all latency samples. This is Python heap, not RSS or
+  database memory. Reads and writes are sequential, with no concurrent clients.
+- Memory storage counts serialized checkpoint, metadata, blob and pending-write
+  payload bytes, not Python-object/key overhead. Postgres storage is the sum of
+  `pg_column_size(row)` across checkpoints, blobs and writes scoped to the thread.
+  It is an in-row/TOAST-sensitive estimate, **not total relation/index/WAL/disk
+  usage**, and is not directly interchangeable with the memory payload count.
+  Repeated mock text is highly compressible, especially in Postgres: absolute
+  storage numbers should not be compared with production chat without matching
+  entropy, serialization and storage accounting.
+- Metadata records interpreter, platform, git revision, script SHA-256, grid and
+  sampling semantics. Initial pilot artifacts predate the final script hash and
+  warmup additions; they are preserved as exploratory evidence, not pooled with
+  the full-grid results. Timings need repeat runs to assess variance.
+
+## Charts and selecting a frequency
+
+Each CSV produces an SVG per backend/profile/length. The left panel plots storage,
+p50 and maximum read latency against frequency, independently divided by each
+metric's maximum (0–1). These normalized curves **do not have shared units**;
+their crossing is not a physical optimum. The right panel plots storage bytes
+against actual p50/max milliseconds.
+
+A marked compromise point is selected separately for p50 and max: discard
+storage/latency-dominated points, min-max normalize each objective over that group,
+and choose the nondominated point nearest the ideal origin in Euclidean distance.
+This is an equal-weight heuristic, not a universal knee or recommended default.
+Changing the candidate range, latency statistic or storage/latency weighting can
+change it. Partial groups display their actual number of frequencies and must not
+be mistaken for completed sweeps. Frequency points above a short thread's update
+count can have identical snapshot behavior, making any apparent short-thread
+optimum particularly noisy.
+
+For a final recommendation, compare the compromise points across all five thread
+lengths and both workloads, apply an explicit latency budget, inspect tail noise,
+and repeat promising frequencies. Keep separate choices for growing message and
+file workloads if their access/update patterns differ. This suite currently varies
+both cadences together and cannot identify their independent optimum.
+
+## Fleet sanity check
+
+The supplied 10000-turn fleet simulation reports frequency 50: 2.9 GB / 44 ms;
+300: 488 MB / 244 ms; 500: 307 MB / 404 ms; 1000: 164 MB / 804 ms. Its delta DB time
+was about 35 ms and about 1% of fleet DB time. These are externally supplied
+context, **not measurements reproduced here**. Our local Postgres, full graph
+hydration, files, compressible scripted content and row-size estimate differ.
+Do not calibrate the results to force a match or equate local end-to-end latency
+with fleet database time. Storage reduction with less frequent snapshots is a
+useful directional sanity check, not evidence that absolute fleet values match.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 200 updates (n=3 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,86.47 510.00,86.57" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,161.64 320.53,123.69 510.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,293.43 510.00,289.76" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 500; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="1060.00,327.56 616.92,324.92 610.00,321.87" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="616.9150288807352" cy="324.91598843036314" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="622.9150288807352" y="316.91598843036314" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="1060.00,80.00 616.92,293.43 610.00,289.76" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="616.9150288807352" cy="293.42895568807285" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="622.9150288807352" y="285.42895568807285" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 1062349 to 1089876; y: 0 to 197.73 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 50 updates (n=3 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,82.82 510.00,82.87" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,153.18 320.53,134.27 510.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,325.79 510.00,329.51" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 500; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="1060.00,335.24 617.01,334.76 610.00,333.38" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="617.005076142132" cy="334.7610466522907" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="623.005076142132" y="326.7610466522907" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="1060.00,80.00 617.01,325.79 610.00,329.51" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="329.50511620062144" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="321.50511620062144" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=500</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 265018 to 267973; y: 0 to 197.73 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / tool_calls / 200 updates (n=3 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,176.58 510.00,176.63" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,153.76 320.53,80.00 510.00,118.12" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,171.19 510.00,179.72" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 500; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="1060.00,288.02 610.24,267.43 610.00,278.07" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="278.0659453883102" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="270.0659453883102" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=500</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="1060.00,80.00 610.24,171.19 610.00,179.72" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="179.717130949707" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="171.717130949707" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=500</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 1008416 to 1604911; y: 0 to 77.92 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / tool_calls / 50 updates (n=3 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,123.32 510.00,123.41" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,92.09 510.00,96.96" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,124.55 510.00,172.29" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 500; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="1060.00,240.59 610.96,245.21 610.00,247.07" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="247.07101749792133" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="239.07101749792133" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=500</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="1060.00,80.00 610.96,124.55 610.00,172.29" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="172.28887735058402" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="164.28887735058402" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=500</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 251530 to 301946; y: 0 to 17.90 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+backend,profile,frequency,updates,read_samples,read_p50_ms,read_p95_ms,read_max_ms,slowest_update,slowest_checkpoint_id,write_p50_ms,write_p95_ms,write_max_ms,write_total_s,storage_bytes,slowest_read_peak_heap_bytes
+postgres,mock700,25,50,50,3.6180599999511287,6.390288000034161,197.7286589999494,1,1f1cf166-9dd2-6d00-8001-fc71abcfb90a,10.653302000037002,17.0728529999451,30.98109600000498,0.5811482070006377,267973,39327
+postgres,mock700,25,200,200,9.459105500070564,18.783542000051057,197.7286589999494,1,1f1cf166-9dd2-6d00-8001-fc71abcfb90a,17.477463499972146,30.98109600000498,168.95307799995862,3.8713906139998926,1089876,35220
+postgres,mock700,300,50,50,3.9841970000225047,6.104986000082135,10.80296499992528,44,1f1cf166-e019-6c30-8082-21934933f621,11.811886500026958,15.252276999945025,28.05887800002438,0.6044334389998767,265064,519513
+postgres,mock700,300,200,200,11.47131300001547,20.832925000036084,35.41703900009452,185,1f1cf167-0ea3-6a4c-8229-79b49eb7c9fe,19.905765000032716,28.92650700005106,37.699279999969804,3.95925508099981,1062772,2113173
+postgres,mock700,500,50,50,5.035277500041957,7.819561000019348,7.981305000043903,50,1f1cf167-1fc9-6f84-8094-7f8f188214b6,12.75971849997859,15.276644999971722,16.033585999934985,0.6406766549997656,265018,584506
+postgres,mock700,500,200,200,13.788552499988782,24.058938000052876,38.209428999948614,185,1f1cf167-5380-6b9e-8229-c84900f5a6db,21.95349900000565,32.21689399993011,39.65822100008154,4.354335682999022,1062349,2110890
+postgres,tool_calls,25,50,50,6.844815500016921,10.651568999946903,17.9017149999936,50,1f1cf167-6761-6981-8094-f53aeefe50f8,14.597708000053444,19.39097000001766,25.841881000019384,0.7417658820006636,301946,1922124
+postgres,tool_calls,25,200,200,15.580024999962916,28.78641699999207,77.9230529999495,180,1f1cf167-a207-6b8c-821a-1a5a322fa361,24.694384999975227,42.27366899999652,59.241608999968776,5.190335378001123,1604911,6679384
+postgres,tool_calls,300,50,50,6.526570999994874,13.39240200002223,14.834163999921657,50,1f1cf167-bca7-6808-8094-f7b7aea71f3d,14.862395000022843,21.3141539999242,43.96138599997812,0.808315155999594,251638,1910246
+postgres,tool_calls,300,200,200,21.750415999974848,33.799963999967986,50.59318900009657,86,1f1cf167-ce64-6010-8100-78d863dad859,31.301175500004774,48.37651699995149,165.45825800005787,6.2137166139996225,1008731,3276689
+postgres,tool_calls,500,50,50,6.39841599996771,10.550998999974581,11.547371999995448,49,1f1cf168-2162-68cd-8091-9494a54b4fdd,14.285579000045345,19.514858999968965,23.103371000047446,0.704547747000106,251530,1872876
+postgres,tool_calls,500,200,200,18.561887000032584,33.225987000037094,48.03742499996133,200,1f1cf168-70e7-6f69-8256-b1395c31fdf1,26.90513599998212,43.38257900008102,53.06229500001791,5.458913677999817,1008416,7571456
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "schema": 1,
+  "python": "3.14.3",
+  "platform": "Linux-6.1.166-x86_64-with-glibc2.43",
+  "revision": "eb066bd31a2bf01fc0cd58256df4800a3695c233",
+  "backend": "postgres",
+  "profiles": [
+    "mock700",
+    "tool_calls"
+  ],
+  "frequencies": [
+    25,
+    300,
+    500
+  ],
+  "lengths": [
+    50,
+    200
+  ],
+  "script": "deterministic, no provider; IDs follow update index",
+  "read_sampling": "one get_state after every invocation, prefix distribution",
+  "write_sampling": "end-to-end graph.invoke including hydrate, scripted model and checkpoint I/O",
+  "storage": "postgres pg_column_size row estimate (not relation disk bytes); memory serialized payloads across all stores",
+  "max_supersteps_since_snapshot": "5000"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 1000 updates (n=1 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 25; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="610.00,270.42" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="270.41705212026505" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="262.41705212026505" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="610.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="80.0" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="72.0" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 5864394 to 5864394; y: 0 to 88.08 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 200 updates (n=1 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 25; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="610.00,225.40" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="225.39966722149467" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="217.39966722149467" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="610.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="80.0" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="72.0" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 1089890 to 1089890; y: 0 to 16.54 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 50 updates (n=1 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 25; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="610.00,184.65" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="184.6472608451244" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="176.6472608451244" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="610.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="80.0" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="72.0" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 267967 to 267967; y: 0 to 5.21 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 5000 updates (n=1 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 25; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="610.00,274.30" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="274.2962318424321" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="266.2962318424321" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="610.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="80.0" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="72.0" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=25</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 39599985 to 39599985; y: 0 to 302.30 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+backend,profile,frequency,updates,read_samples,read_p50_ms,read_p95_ms,read_max_ms,slowest_update,slowest_checkpoint_id,write_p50_ms,write_p95_ms,write_max_ms,write_total_s,storage_bytes,slowest_read_peak_heap_bytes
+postgres,mock700,25,50,50,3.110554999921078,4.785336999930223,5.2058580001812516,46,1f1cf189-c1d7-643f-8088-2d4ca5a5b740,10.314074000007167,12.664818999837735,27.913941999941017,0.53071240700001,267967,483221
+postgres,mock700,25,200,200,7.288281000001007,13.18430499986789,16.53531900001326,190,1f1cf189-e494-60d8-8238-d44b3e1f2bf0,15.244594500018138,22.50665300016408,37.84130200006075,3.0723227170001337,1089890,1720217
+postgres,mock700,25,1000,1000,23.5726189999923,34.56026000003476,88.08021400000143,785,1f1cf18b-25f4-6d27-8931-fc21b750ad8c,32.47065949994976,51.13759799996842,134.2724809999254,31.385343082000187,5864394,5889532
+postgres,mock700,25,5000,5000,76.39274549990205,140.11053600006562,302.2979410000062,3412,1f1cf199-7e0d-6560-a7fa-9687f00ad7cc,90.85022650003793,170.46306499969432,414.5206420002978,459.44821525399425,39599985,22671874
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+  "schema": 1,
+  "python": "3.14.3",
+  "platform": "Linux-6.1.166-x86_64-with-glibc2.43",
+  "script_sha256": "3a3cb80dde575f1f008c9078e285cc2e8f8a3bb8648da4c3817cb33f9e9a4aed",
+  "revision": "eb066bd31a2bf01fc0cd58256df4800a3695c233",
+  "backend": "postgres",
+  "profiles": [
+    "mock700",
+    "tool_calls"
+  ],
+  "frequencies": [
+    25,
+    50,
+    75,
+    100,
+    125,
+    150,
+    175,
+    200,
+    225,
+    250,
+    275,
+    300,
+    325,
+    350,
+    375,
+    400,
+    425,
+    450,
+    475,
+    500
+  ],
+  "lengths": [
+    50,
+    200,
+    1000,
+    5000,
+    10000
+  ],
+  "script": "deterministic, no provider; IDs follow update index",
+  "read_sampling": "one get_state after every invocation, prefix distribution",
+  "write_sampling": "end-to-end graph.invoke including hydrate, scripted model and checkpoint I/O",
+  "storage": "postgres pg_column_size row estimate (not relation disk bytes); memory serialized payloads across all stores",
+  "max_supersteps_since_snapshot": "5000"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 1000 updates (n=1 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 300 to 300; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="610.00,278.82" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="278.815545790787" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="270.815545790787" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="610.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="80.0" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="72.0" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 5365127 to 5365127; y: 0 to 123.55 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / tool_calls / 1000 updates (n=1 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 300 to 300; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="610.00,281.99" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="281.9919586818079" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="616.0" y="273.9919586818079" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="610.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="610.0" cy="80.0" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="616.0" y="72.0" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 6230423 to 6230423; y: 0 to 261.54 ms</text></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+backend,profile,frequency,updates,read_samples,read_p50_ms,read_p95_ms,read_max_ms,slowest_update,slowest_checkpoint_id,write_p50_ms,write_p95_ms,write_max_ms,write_total_s,storage_bytes,slowest_read_peak_heap_bytes
+postgres,mock700,300,1000,1000,29.075356000021202,49.26721499998621,123.55413900002077,339,1f1cf16e-fccf-68b6-83f7-54e1839f7866,38.3128815000191,57.815339000057975,117.20152399993822,37.95603520900272,5365127,3107507
+postgres,tool_calls,300,1000,1000,58.35261599997921,106.53731800005062,261.5444310000612,900,1f1cf175-2376-6bf5-8a8a-ce7f009ad20f,70.02236149997998,122.92945799993049,376.99114200006534,71.72656674900168,6230423,34206365
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "schema": 1,
+  "python": "3.14.3",
+  "platform": "Linux-6.1.166-x86_64-with-glibc2.43",
+  "script_sha256": "3a3cb80dde575f1f008c9078e285cc2e8f8a3bb8648da4c3817cb33f9e9a4aed",
+  "revision": "eb066bd31a2bf01fc0cd58256df4800a3695c233",
+  "backend": "postgres",
+  "profiles": [
+    "mock700",
+    "tool_calls"
+  ],
+  "frequencies": [
+    300
+  ],
+  "lengths": [
+    1000
+  ],
+  "script": "deterministic, no provider; IDs follow update index",
+  "read_sampling": "one get_state after every invocation, prefix distribution",
+  "write_sampling": "end-to-end graph.invoke including hydrate, scripted model and checkpoint I/O",
+  "storage": "postgres pg_column_size row estimate (not relation disk bytes); memory serialized payloads across all stores",
+  "max_supersteps_since_snapshot": "5000"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:0.13.4 AS uv
+FROM postgres:14.7
+COPY --from=uv /uv /usr/local/bin/uv
+ENV UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR=/opt/python UV_PYTHON_PREFERENCE=only-managed
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends git ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+RUN uv python install 3.14.3
+ARG LANGGRAPH_REVISION
+RUN test "${#LANGGRAPH_REVISION}" -eq 40 \
+    && git clone https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph.git /workspace/langgraph \
+    && git -C /workspace/langgraph checkout --detach "$LANGGRAPH_REVISION" \
+    && test "$(git -C /workspace/langgraph rev-parse HEAD)" = "$LANGGRAPH_REVISION"
+WORKDIR /workspace/langgraph/libs/langgraph
+RUN uv sync --frozen --group dev --python 3.14.3 \
+    && uv cache clean \
+    && .venv/bin/python -c 'from langsmith.sandbox import SandboxClient; from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver' \
+    && command -v initdb && command -v pg_ctl
+ENTRYPOINT []
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+"""Plan, execute and merge isolated LangSmith sandbox benchmark shards."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import hashlib
+import importlib.util
+import io
+import itertools
+import json
+import shlex
+import threading
+import uuid
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from langsmith.sandbox import SandboxClient
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+BENCHMARK = ROOT / "tests/test_delta_channel_benchmark.py"
+REMOTE = "/workspace/langgraph/libs/langgraph"
+PROFILES = ("mock700", "tool_calls")
+FREQUENCIES = tuple(range(25, 501, 25))
+LENGTHS = (50, 200, 1000, 5000, 10000)
+
+
+def _atomic_json(path: Path, value: Any) -> None:
+    temp = path.with_suffix(".tmp")
+    temp.write_text(json.dumps(value, indent=2) + "\n")
+    temp.replace(path)
+
+
+def make_plan(args: argparse.Namespace) -> dict:
+    """Bind every shard to source, snapshot, resource and runtime settings."""
+    return {
+        "schema": 1,
+        "snapshot_id": args.snapshot_id,
+        "concurrency": args.concurrency,
+        "timeout_seconds": args.timeout,
+        "vcpus": args.vcpus,
+        "mem_bytes": args.memory_gib * 1024**3,
+        "fs_capacity_bytes": args.disk_gib * 1024**3,
+        "source_sha256": hashlib.sha256(BENCHMARK.read_bytes()).hexdigest(),
+        "worker_sha256": hashlib.sha256(
+            Path(__file__).with_name("delta_shard.py").read_bytes()
+        ).hexdigest(),
+        "lengths": sorted(set(args.lengths)),
+        "shards": [
+            {"key": f"{profile}-{freq}", "profile": profile, "frequency": freq}
+            for profile, freq in itertools.product(args.profiles, args.frequencies)
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+def validate_csv(data: bytes, shard: dict, lengths: list[int]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Reject missing, duplicate, foreign or malformed measurement points."""
+    rows = list(csv.DictReader(io.StringIO(data.decode())))
+    actual = []
+    for row in rows:
+        if (
+            row["backend"] != "postgres"
+            or row["profile"] != shard["profile"]
+            or int(row["frequency"]) != shard["frequency"]
+        ):
+            raise ValueError("Foreign shard row")
+        actual.append(int(row["updates"]))
+        for metric in ("read_p50_ms", "read_p95_ms", "read_max_ms", "storage_bytes"):
+            value = float(row[metric])
+            if not 0 <= value < float("inf"):
+                raise ValueError("Nonfinite or negative metric")
+    if sorted(actual) != sorted(lengths):
+        raise ValueError("Incomplete or duplicate shard lengths")
+    return rows
+
+
+def run_shard(
+    plan: dict, shard: dict, directory: Path, client_factory=SandboxClient
+) -> None:
+    """Use a disposable sandbox and save validated outputs before deleting it."""
+    target = directory / shard["key"]
+    target.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    success = target / "success.json"
+    if success.exists():
+        validate_csv((target / "results.csv").read_bytes(), shard, plan["lengths"])
+        if json.loads(success.read_text())["source_sha256"] != plan["source_sha256"]:
+            raise ValueError("Completed shard source differs")
+        return
+    ledger = target / "attempt.json"
+    if ledger.exists() and json.loads(ledger.read_text())["state"] != "deleted":
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Inspect and clean up the previous sandbox in {ledger} before retrying"
+        )
+    sandbox_name = f"delta-bench-{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+    _atomic_json(ledger, {"sandbox_name": sandbox_name, "state": "creating"})
+    with client_factory() as client:
+        sandbox = None
+        completed = False
+        try:
+            sandbox = client.create_sandbox(
+                snapshot_id=plan["snapshot_id"],
+                name=sandbox_name,
+                timeout=300,
+                idle_ttl_seconds=600,
+                delete_after_stop_seconds=600,
+                vcpus=plan["vcpus"],
+                mem_bytes=plan["mem_bytes"],
+                fs_capacity_bytes=plan["fs_capacity_bytes"],
+            )
+            _atomic_json(ledger, {"sandbox_name": sandbox_name, "state": "running"})
+            sandbox.write(
+                f"{REMOTE}/tests/test_delta_channel_benchmark.py",
+                BENCHMARK.read_bytes(),
+            )
+            sandbox.write(
+                "/tmp/delta_shard.py",
+                Path(__file__).with_name("delta_shard.py").read_bytes(),
+            )
+            sandbox.write(
+                "/tmp/delta-job.json",
+                json.dumps(
+                    {
+                        **shard,
+                        "lengths": plan["lengths"],
+                        "timeout_seconds": plan["timeout_seconds"],
+                    }
+                ),
+            )
+            result = sandbox.run(
+                shlex.join([f"{REMOTE}/.venv/bin/python", "/tmp/delta_shard.py"]),
+                timeout=plan["timeout_seconds"] + 120,
+                cwd=REMOTE,
+                kill_on_disconnect=True,
+            )
+            if result.exit_code != 0:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Shard command failed; sandbox logs withheld from shared output"
+                )
+            data = sandbox.read("/tmp/delta-results.csv")
+            metadata = json.loads(sandbox.read("/tmp/delta-results.metadata.json"))
+            if metadata["script_sha256"] != plan["source_sha256"]:
+                raise ValueError("Remote benchmark source differs")
+            validate_csv(data, shard, plan["lengths"])
+            (target / "results.csv.tmp").write_bytes(data)
+            (target / "results.csv.tmp").replace(target / "results.csv")
+            _atomic_json(target / "metadata.json", metadata)
+            completed = True
+        finally:
+            try:
+                client.delete_sandbox(sandbox_name)
+            except Exception:
+                _atomic_json(
+                    ledger, {"sandbox_name": sandbox_name, "state": "cleanup_required"}
+                )
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Sandbox cleanup required; see {ledger}") from None
+            _atomic_json(ledger, {"sandbox_name": sandbox_name, "state": "deleted"})
+        if completed:
+            _atomic_json(
+                success,
+                {"source_sha256": plan["source_sha256"], "sandbox_name": sandbox_name},
+            )
+
+
+def merge(plan: dict, directory: Path) -> Path:
+    """Require the entire planned grid before publishing a combined CSV."""
+    rows = []
+    for shard in plan["shards"]:
+        target = directory / shard["key"]
+        if not (target / "success.json").exists():
+            raise ValueError(f"Shard incomplete: {shard['key']}")
+        rows.extend(
+            validate_csv((target / "results.csv").read_bytes(), shard, plan["lengths"])
+        )
+    output = directory / "combined.csv"
+    temp = output.with_suffix(".tmp")
+    with temp.open("w", newline="") as handle:
+        writer = csv.DictWriter(handle, fieldnames=list(rows[0]), lineterminator="\n")
+        writer.writeheader()
+        writer.writerows(rows)
+    temp.replace(output)
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("delta_benchmark", BENCHMARK)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    module._plot_sweep(output)
+    return output
+
+
+def execute(plan: dict, directory: Path, client_factory=SandboxClient) -> None:
+    """Bound active sandboxes and stop admitting shards after a failure."""
+    failed = threading.Event()
+
+    def run(shard: dict) -> None:
+        if failed.is_set():
+            return
+        try:
+            run_shard(plan, shard, directory, client_factory)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            failed.set()
+            print(f"{shard['key']}: {type(exc).__name__}; see shard ledger", flush=True)
+            raise
+
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=plan["concurrency"]) as pool:
+        list(pool.map(run, plan["shards"]))
+    merge(plan, directory)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--snapshot-id", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--concurrency", type=int, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--timeout", type=int, required=True, help="Maximum benchmark seconds per shard"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--vcpus", type=int, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--memory-gib", type=int, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--disk-gib", type=int, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--frequencies", nargs="+", type=int, default=list(FREQUENCIES))
+    parser.add_argument("--lengths", nargs="+", type=int, default=list(LENGTHS))
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--profiles", nargs="+", choices=PROFILES, default=list(PROFILES)
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--output", type=Path, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--execute",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Create billable sandboxes; otherwise only write a plan",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if any(
+        n <= 0
+        for n in [
+            args.concurrency,
+            args.timeout,
+            args.vcpus,
+            args.memory_gib,
+            args.disk_gib,
+            *args.frequencies,
+            *args.lengths,
+        ]
+    ):
+        parser.error("Resource limits, frequencies and lengths must be positive")
+    if args.concurrency > 40 or args.timeout > 86400:
+        parser.error("Concurrency must be <=40 and shard timeout <=86400 seconds")
+    if len(set(args.frequencies)) != len(args.frequencies) or len(
+        set(args.profiles)
+    ) != len(args.profiles):
+        parser.error("Duplicate shard parameters")
+    directory = args.output.resolve()
+    directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    plan = make_plan(args)
+    plan_path = directory / "plan.json"
+    if plan_path.exists() and json.loads(plan_path.read_text()) != plan:
+        parser.error("Existing plan differs; use a new output directory")
+    _atomic_json(plan_path, plan)
+    print(
+        f"{len(plan['shards'])} shards; concurrency {args.concurrency}; upper bound {len(plan['shards']) * (args.timeout + 420) / 3600:.2f} sandbox-hours excluding deletion; execute={args.execute}"
+    )
+    if args.execute:
+        execute(plan, directory)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""Execute one scripted benchmark with a sandbox-local disposable Postgres."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path("/workspace/langgraph/libs/langgraph")
+PGDATA = Path("/tmp/delta-bench-pg")
+
+
+def checked(command: list[str], **kwargs) -> None:
+    subprocess.run(command, check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, **kwargs)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    job = json.loads(Path("/tmp/delta-job.json").read_text())
+    prefix = ["runuser", "-u", "postgres", "--"] if os.getuid() == 0 else []
+    for binary in ("initdb", "pg_ctl"):
+        if shutil.which(binary) is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Snapshot must provide {binary} on PATH")
+    PGDATA.mkdir(mode=0o700)
+    if prefix:
+        checked(["chown", "postgres:postgres", str(PGDATA)])
+    checked(
+        [
+            *prefix,
+            "initdb",
+            "-D",
+            str(PGDATA),
+            "--auth-local=trust",
+            "--auth-host=trust",
+            "-U",
+            "postgres",
+        ]
+    )
+    started = False
+    try:
+        checked(
+            [
+                *prefix,
+                "pg_ctl",
+                "-D",
+                str(PGDATA),
+                "-l",
+                "/tmp/delta-postgres.log",
+                "-o",
+                "-h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -k /tmp",
+                "-w",
+                "start",
+            ]
+        )
+        started = True
+        command = [
+            sys.executable,
+            str(ROOT / "tests/test_delta_channel_benchmark.py"),
+            "--snapshot-sweep",
+            "--backend",
+            "postgres",
+            "--frequencies",
+            str(job["frequency"]),
+            "--profiles",
+            job["profile"],
+            "--lengths",
+            *map(str, job["lengths"]),
+            "--output",
+            "/tmp/delta-results.csv",
+        ]
+        env = {
+            **os.environ,
+            "LANGGRAPH_BENCH_POSTGRES_URI": "postgresql://postgres@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres?sslmode=disable",
+            "LANGSMITH_TRACING": "false",
+            "LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2": "false",
+            "NO_COLOR": "1",
+        }
+        subprocess.run(
+            command, cwd=ROOT, env=env, timeout=job["timeout_seconds"], check=True
+        )
+    finally:
+        if started:
+            checked(
+                [*prefix, "pg_ctl", "-D", str(PGDATA), "-m", "immediate", "-w", "stop"]
+            )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""Build a dedicated LangSmith benchmark snapshot from a minimal Docker context."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import json
+import re
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from langsmith.sandbox import SandboxClient
+
+CONTEXT = Path(__file__).resolve().with_name("delta-snapshot")
+
+
+def snapshot_plan(args: argparse.Namespace) -> dict:
+    """Validate resource bounds and pin the public repository to a full SHA."""
+    if not re.fullmatch(r"[0-9a-f]{40}", args.revision):
+        raise ValueError("Revision must be a full lowercase 40-character commit SHA")
+    if not re.fullmatch(r"[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{0,62}", args.name):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Name must contain only lowercase letters, numbers and hyphens"
+        )
+    if not (
+        1 <= args.vcpus <= 16
+        and 1 <= args.memory_gib <= 64
+        and 10 <= args.disk_gib <= 100
+        and 60 <= args.timeout <= 7200
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Build limits: CPU 1–16, memory 1–64 GiB, disk 10–100 GiB, timeout 60–7200 seconds"
+        )
+    if sorted(p.name for p in CONTEXT.iterdir()) != ["Dockerfile"]:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Build context must contain only Dockerfile; refusing other files"
+        )
+    return {
+        "name": args.name,
+        "revision": args.revision,
+        "dockerfile_sha256": hashlib.sha256(
+            (CONTEXT / "Dockerfile").read_bytes()
+        ).hexdigest(),
+        "vcpus": args.vcpus,
+        "mem_bytes": args.memory_gib * 1024**3,
+        "fs_capacity_bytes": args.disk_gib * 1024**3,
+        "timeout": args.timeout,
+    }
+
+
+def build_snapshot(plan: dict, client_factory=SandboxClient) -> dict:
+    """Create a billable builder, then return the reusable snapshot receipt."""
+    with client_factory() as client:
+        snapshot = client.create_snapshot_from_dockerfile(
+            name=plan["name"],
+            dockerfile="Dockerfile",
+            context=CONTEXT,
+            fs_capacity_bytes=plan["fs_capacity_bytes"],
+            build_args={"LANGGRAPH_REVISION": plan["revision"]},
+            vcpus=plan["vcpus"],
+            mem_bytes=plan["mem_bytes"],
+            timeout=plan["timeout"],
+        )
+    return {**plan, "snapshot_id": snapshot.id, "status": snapshot.status}
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--name", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--revision",
+        default=None,
+        help="Full public langgraph commit SHA; defaults to local HEAD",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--vcpus", type=int, default=2)
+    parser.add_argument("--memory-gib", type=int, default=8)
+    parser.add_argument("--disk-gib", type=int, default=30)
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=1800)
+    parser.add_argument("--output", type=Path, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--execute",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Create a billable builder and persistent snapshot",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.output.exists():
+        parser.error(
+            "Output already exists; use a fresh receipt path to avoid duplicate builds"
+        )
+    if args.revision is None:
+        args.revision = subprocess.check_output(
+            ["git", "-C", str(CONTEXT), "rev-parse", "HEAD"], text=True
+        ).strip()
+    try:
+        plan = snapshot_plan(args)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        parser.error(str(exc))
+    args.output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    args.output.write_text(json.dumps({**plan, "state": "planned"}, indent=2) + "\n")
+    print(json.dumps(plan, indent=2))
+    if not args.execute:
+        print(
+            "Dry run: no resources created. Use --execute and a fresh receipt path to build."
+        )
+        return
+    args.output.write_text(json.dumps({**plan, "state": "building"}, indent=2) + "\n")
+    receipt = build_snapshot(plan)
+    args.output.write_text(json.dumps(receipt, indent=2) + "\n")
+    print(f"Snapshot ready: {receipt['snapshot_id']}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -257,8 +257,10 @@ class PregelLoop:
    _resume_loaded_writes: Sequence[PendingWrite] = ()
    # Tasks `_reapply_writes_to_succeeded_nodes` handed loaded writes back to.
    _reapplied_task_ids: set[str]
-    # An update or fork checkpoint addressed by `checkpoint_id` that the thread
-    # has moved past, so it may already have children.
+    # Tasks that wrote during this run, the only ones exit mode saves at exit.
+    _written_task_ids: set[str]
+    # A checkpoint addressed by `checkpoint_id` that the thread has moved past,
+    # so it may already have children.
    _addressed_checkpoint_superseded: bool = False

    # The checkpoint_config that points at the parent loaded at `__enter__`
@@ -349,7 +351,6 @@ class PregelLoop:
        self.interrupt_before = interrupt_before
        self.manager = manager
        self.is_nested = CONFIG_KEY_TASK_ID in self.config.get(CONF, {})
-        self.is_replaying = CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID in config[CONF]
        self._migrate_checkpoint = migrate_checkpoint
        self.trigger_to_nodes = trigger_to_nodes
        self.retry_policy = retry_policy
@@ -407,6 +408,14 @@ class PregelLoop:
            else ()
        )
        self.prev_checkpoint_config = None
+        # Whether the run points this loop at a checkpoint: a truthy
+        # `checkpoint_id`, this graph's `checkpoint_map` entry, or a replaying
+        # parent. Every task config carries `checkpoint_id: None`, so a key
+        # check would count every subgraph.
+        self._addressed = bool(
+            self.checkpoint_config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID)
+            or self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_REPLAY_STATE)
+        )
        runtime = self.config[CONF].get(CONFIG_KEY_RUNTIME)
        self.control = runtime.control if isinstance(runtime, Runtime) else None

@@ -455,6 +464,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
        """Put writes for a task, to be read by the next tick."""
        if not writes:
            return
+        self._written_task_ids.add(task_id)
        # deduplicate writes to special channels, last write wins
        if all(w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP for w in writes):
            writes = list({w[0]: w for w in writes}.values())
@@ -468,6 +478,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
                for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes
                if w[0] != task_id or w[1] not in WRITES_IDX_MAP
            ]
+            # Savers key a regular write by its position in the list, and the
+            # special ones dropped above won't be there next time, so they go
+            # last: a resume saved ahead of an update would move it to a new
+            # slot once the list is saved again, and it would apply twice.
+            writes = sorted(writes, key=lambda w: w[0] in WRITES_IDX_MAP)
            writes_to_save: WritesT = [
                w[1:] for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[0] == task_id
            ] + list(writes)
@@ -556,10 +571,12 @@ class PregelLoop:
                CONFIG_KEY_CHECKPOINT_ID: self.checkpoint["id"],
            },
        )
-        # group by task id
+        # Writes loaded with the checkpoint are stored on it already. Saving them
+        # again can file them under new indexes, and then they apply twice.
        by_task = defaultdict(list)
        for task_id, channel, value in self.checkpoint_pending_writes:
-            by_task[task_id].append((channel, value))
+            if task_id in self._written_task_ids:
+                by_task[task_id].append((channel, value))
        # submit writes to checkpointer
        for task_id, writes in by_task.items():
            if self.checkpointer_put_writes_accepts_task_path and hasattr(
@@ -904,6 +921,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
            if tid != NULL_TASK_ID and isinstance(self.specs.get(ch), DeltaChannel)
        }
        self._exit_command_writes = []
+        self._written_task_ids = set()
        # Resuming from a previous checkpoint requires two things:
        # 1. A prior checkpoint exists (channel_versions is non-empty)
        # 2. The input signals continuation (not a fresh run with new input)
@@ -931,7 +949,7 @@ class PregelLoop:
        # writes so that interrupt() calls re-fire instead of returning
        # stale values. But if we're actively resuming, keep them —
        # multi-interrupt scenarios need previously resolved values preserved.
-        is_time_traveling = self.is_replaying and (
+        is_time_traveling = self._addressed and (
            # Time-travel to a subgraph checkpoint: the parent sets
            # RESUMING=True (it can't distinguish time-travel from resume),
            # so we check if this subgraph's own ns is in checkpoint_map.
@@ -950,6 +968,10 @@ class PregelLoop:
                or configurable.get(CONFIG_KEY_RESUMING, False)
            )
        )
+        # Finished tasks rerun only on time travel, or on a resume at a
+        # checkpoint the thread has moved past. A resume addressed at the
+        # thread's latest checkpoint hands their writes back, as without an id.
+        self.is_replaying = is_time_traveling or self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded
        if is_time_traveling:
            self.checkpoint_pending_writes = [
                w for w in self.checkpoint_pending_writes if w[1] != RESUME
@@ -1165,11 +1187,11 @@ class PregelLoop:
            # checkpoint ID since the fork was created after the subgraph's
            # checkpoints from the original execution.
            #
-            # Only gate on is_time_traveling (not is_replaying). When the
+            # Only gate on is_time_traveling (not _addressed). When the
            # client resumes with an explicit checkpoint_id that happens to
            # point at the current head (e.g. LangGraph Studio sending
            # `checkpoint: {checkpoint_id}` alongside Command(resume=...)),
-            # is_replaying is True but is_time_traveling is False. In that
+            # the run is addressed but not time traveling. In that
            # case subgraphs should load their latest checkpoint normally,
            # not go through ReplayState's before-bound lookup which would
            # miss subgraph checkpoints created during processing of the
@@ -1789,7 +1811,7 @@ class SyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractContextManager):
            # This covers both normal replay and subgraphs resolved via
            # checkpoint_map during time-travel.
            saved = self.checkpointer.get_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
-            if saved is not None and saved.metadata.get("source") in ("update", "fork"):
+            if saved is not None:
                self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded = checkpoint_superseded(
                    self.checkpointer, self.checkpoint_config, saved
                )
@@ -2045,7 +2067,7 @@ class AsyncPregelLoop(PregelLoop, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
            # This covers both normal replay and subgraphs resolved via
            # checkpoint_map during time-travel.
            saved = await self.checkpointer.aget_tuple(self.checkpoint_config)
-            if saved is not None and saved.metadata.get("source") in ("update", "fork"):
+            if saved is not None:
                self._addressed_checkpoint_superseded = await acheckpoint_superseded(
                    self.checkpointer, self.checkpoint_config, saved
                )
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from langgraph._internal._future import chain_future, run_coroutine_threadsafe
 from langgraph._internal._scratchpad import PregelScratchpad
 from langgraph._internal._typing import MISSING
 from langgraph.constants import TAG_HIDDEN
-from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt
+from langgraph.errors import GraphBubbleUp, GraphInterrupt, is_invalid_resume
 from langgraph.pregel._algo import Call
 from langgraph.pregel._executor import Submit
 from langgraph.pregel._retry import arun_with_retry, run_with_retry
@@ -621,7 +621,11 @@ def _should_stop_others(
    handled_exception_ids: set[int] | None = None,
 ) -> bool:
    """Check if any task failed, if so, cancel all other tasks.
-    GraphInterrupts are not considered failures."""
+    GraphInterrupts are not considered failures.
+
+    Neither is an invalid resume value: it's raised once the other tasks finish, so a
+    task answered in the same resume isn't cut off after its side effects and then run
+    again with its saved answer."""
    for fut in done:
        if fut.cancelled():
            continue
@@ -629,6 +633,7 @@ def _should_stop_others(
            if (
                id(exc) not in (handled_exception_ids or set())
                and not isinstance(exc, GraphBubbleUp)
+                and not is_invalid_resume(exc)
                and fut not in SKIP_RERAISE_SET
            ):
                return True
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"

 [project]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 description = "Building stateful, multi-actor applications with LLMs"
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -20,16 +20,29 @@ Scenarios cover the dimensions where this branch's optimizations matter:

 from __future__ import annotations

+import argparse
 import contextlib
+import csv
 import gc
+import hashlib
+import itertools
+import json
+import math
 import os
+import platform
+import statistics
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
 import tracemalloc
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Annotated, Any

 import pytest
-from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage
+from langchain_core.language_models.fake_chat_models import GenericFakeChatModel
+from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, HumanMessage, ToolMessage
 from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict

@@ -210,10 +223,10 @@ def _pg_saver(thread_id: str):
        with saver._cursor() as cur:
            for tbl in ("checkpoints", "checkpoint_blobs", "checkpoint_writes"):
                cur.execute(f"DELETE FROM {tbl} WHERE thread_id = %s", (thread_id,))
-        yield saver
-        with saver._cursor() as cur:
-            for tbl in ("checkpoints", "checkpoint_blobs", "checkpoint_writes"):
-                cur.execute(f"DELETE FROM {tbl} WHERE thread_id = %s", (thread_id,))
+        try:
+            yield saver
+        finally:
+            saver.delete_thread(thread_id)


 def _checkpointers() -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
@@ -314,8 +327,389 @@ def test_delta_channel_benchmark(capsys: Any) -> None:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


+def test_scripted_snapshot_sweep() -> None:
+    saver = MemorySaver()
+    graph = _scripted_graph(2, "tool_calls", saver)
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "scripted-test"}}
+    for _ in range(3):
+        graph.invoke({}, config)
+    state = graph.get_state(config).values
+    assert len(state["messages"]) == 12
+    assert len(state["files"]) == 3
+    assert state["messages"][1].tool_calls[0]["id"] == "call-0"
+    assert state["messages"][2].tool_call_id == "call-0"
+    assert graph.get_state(config).values == state
+    assert _memory_storage_bytes(saver, "scripted-test") > 0
+
+
+def test_sweep_metrics_and_cleanup() -> None:
+    rows = list(_measure_sweep(2, [2, 4], "mock700", "memory"))
+    assert [row["read_samples"] for row in rows] == [2, 4]
+    assert rows[1]["storage_bytes"] > rows[0]["storage_bytes"]
+    assert rows[1]["read_max_ms"] >= rows[1]["read_p95_ms"] >= rows[1]["read_p50_ms"]
+    assert 1 <= rows[1]["slowest_update"] <= 4
+    assert _percentile([1, 2, 3, 4], 0.95) == 4
+    points = [
+        {"storage_bytes": 100, "read_max_ms": 1, "frequency": 25},
+        {"storage_bytes": 50, "read_max_ms": 2, "frequency": 50},
+        {"storage_bytes": 10, "read_max_ms": 10, "frequency": 100},
+    ]
+    assert _pareto_knee(points, "read_max_ms")["frequency"] == 50
+
+
+FREQUENCIES = list(range(25, 501, 25))
+LENGTHS = [50, 200, 1000, 5000, 10000]
+PROFILES = ["mock700", "tool_calls"]
+
+
+def _files_delta(state: dict, writes: Sequence[dict]) -> dict:
+    return {**state, **{key: value for write in writes for key, value in write.items()}}
+
+
+def _script(i: int, profile: str) -> list:
+    """Return reproducible, ID-stable messages without contacting a provider."""
+    if profile == "mock700":
+        return [
+            HumanMessage(content="h" * 350, id=f"human-{i}"),
+            AIMessage(content="a" * 350, id=f"answer-{i}"),
+        ]
+    call_id = f"call-{i}"
+    return [
+        HumanMessage(content=_human_content(i), id=f"human-{i}"),
+        AIMessage(
+            content="I will inspect the source and write a report.",
+            id=f"call-message-{i}",
+            tool_calls=[
+                {"name": "read_file", "args": {"path": f"/src/{i}.py"}, "id": call_id}
+            ],
+        ),
+        ToolMessage(
+            content=(
+                "def transform(record):\n    return record.get('value', 0)\n" * 64
+            ),
+            tool_call_id=call_id,
+            id=f"tool-{i}",
+        ),
+        AIMessage(
+            content="The implementation is deterministic.\n" * 16, id=f"answer-{i}"
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+def _scripted_graph(freq: int, profile: str, saver: Any) -> Any:
+    """Append one scripted conversation and file update per graph invocation."""
+    fields = {
+        "messages": Annotated[
+            list, DeltaChannel(_messages_delta_reducer, snapshot_frequency=freq)
+        ],
+        "files": Annotated[dict, DeltaChannel(_files_delta, snapshot_frequency=freq)],
+    }
+    state_cls = TypedDict("ScriptedState", fields)
+    counter = itertools.count()
+
+    def turn(state: dict) -> dict:
+        i = next(counter)
+        script = _script(i, profile)
+        model = GenericFakeChatModel(
+            messages=iter(m for m in script if isinstance(m, AIMessage))
+        )
+        history = list(state.get("messages", []))
+        emitted = []
+        for message in script:
+            actual = (
+                model.invoke(history) if isinstance(message, AIMessage) else message
+            )
+            emitted.append(actual)
+            history.append(actual)
+        content = "report\n" * (16 if profile == "mock700" else 256)
+        return {
+            "messages": emitted,
+            "files": {
+                f"/reports/{i}.txt": {
+                    "content": content.splitlines(),
+                    "created_at": "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+                    "modified_at": "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+                }
+            },
+        }
+
+    builder = StateGraph(state_cls)
+    builder.add_node("scripted_chat", turn)
+    builder.set_entry_point("scripted_chat")
+    builder.add_edge("scripted_chat", END)
+    return builder.compile(checkpointer=saver)
+
+
+def _percentile(values: list[float], percentile: float) -> float:
+    return sorted(values)[max(0, math.ceil(len(values) * percentile) - 1)]
+
+
+def _memory_storage_bytes(saver: MemorySaver, thread_id: str) -> int:
+    """Count serialized payload bytes across all three memory saver stores."""
+    blobs = sum(
+        len(blob)
+        for (tid, *_), (_, blob) in saver.blobs.items()
+        if tid == thread_id and blob is not None
+    )
+    checkpoints = sum(
+        len(checkpoint[1]) + len(metadata[1])
+        for ns in saver.storage[thread_id].values()
+        for checkpoint, metadata, _ in ns.values()
+    )
+    writes = sum(
+        len(value[2][1])
+        for (tid, *_), batch in saver.writes.items()
+        if tid == thread_id
+        for value in batch.values()
+    )
+    return blobs + checkpoints + writes
+
+
+def _measure_sweep(freq: int, lengths: list[int], profile: str, backend: str):
+    """Measure every prefix read, including pre-snapshot phases, without tracing."""
+    thread_id = f"delta-sweep-{uuid.uuid4()}"
+    ctx = (
+        _pg_saver(thread_id)
+        if backend == "postgres"
+        else contextlib.nullcontext(MemorySaver())
+    )
+    with ctx as saver:
+        graph = _scripted_graph(freq, profile, saver)
+        config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": thread_id}}
+        warm_config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": f"{thread_id}-warmup"}}
+        try:
+            warm_graph = _scripted_graph(freq, profile, saver)
+            warm_graph.invoke({}, warm_config)
+            warm_graph.get_state(warm_config)
+        finally:
+            saver.delete_thread(warm_config["configurable"]["thread_id"])
+        reads: list[float] = []
+        writes: list[float] = []
+        slowest_update = 0
+        slowest_config = config
+        peak_read = -1.0
+        try:
+            for update in range(1, max(lengths) + 1):
+                start = time.perf_counter()
+                graph.invoke({}, config)
+                writes.append((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000)
+                start = time.perf_counter()
+                snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+                elapsed = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
+                reads.append(elapsed)
+                if elapsed > peak_read:
+                    peak_read = elapsed
+                    slowest_update = update
+                    slowest_config = snapshot.config
+                if update not in lengths:
+                    continue
+                storage = (
+                    _postgres_storage_bytes(saver, thread_id)
+                    if backend == "postgres"
+                    else _memory_storage_bytes(saver, thread_id)
+                )
+                gc.collect()
+                tracemalloc.start()
+                try:
+                    graph.get_state(slowest_config)
+                    _, peak = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()
+                finally:
+                    tracemalloc.stop()
+                yield {
+                    "backend": backend,
+                    "profile": profile,
+                    "frequency": freq,
+                    "updates": update,
+                    "read_samples": len(reads),
+                    "read_p50_ms": statistics.median(reads),
+                    "read_p95_ms": _percentile(reads, 0.95),
+                    "read_max_ms": max(reads),
+                    "slowest_update": slowest_update,
+                    "slowest_checkpoint_id": slowest_config["configurable"][
+                        "checkpoint_id"
+                    ],
+                    "write_p50_ms": statistics.median(writes),
+                    "write_p95_ms": _percentile(writes, 0.95),
+                    "write_max_ms": max(writes),
+                    "write_total_s": sum(writes) / 1000,
+                    "storage_bytes": storage,
+                    "slowest_read_peak_heap_bytes": peak,
+                }
+        finally:
+            saver.delete_thread(thread_id)
+
+
+def _pareto_knee(rows: list[dict], latency: str) -> dict:
+    """Pick the nondominated point nearest the min-max normalized ideal."""
+    frontier = [
+        r
+        for r in rows
+        if not any(
+            float(o["storage_bytes"]) <= float(r["storage_bytes"])
+            and float(o[latency]) <= float(r[latency])
+            and (
+                float(o["storage_bytes"]) < float(r["storage_bytes"])
+                or float(o[latency]) < float(r[latency])
+            )
+            for o in rows
+        )
+    ]
+    bounds = {
+        k: (min(float(r[k]) for r in rows), max(float(r[k]) for r in rows))
+        for k in ("storage_bytes", latency)
+    }
+
+    def score(row: dict) -> float:
+        return sum(
+            ((float(row[k]) - lo) / (hi - lo or 1)) ** 2
+            for k, (lo, hi) in bounds.items()
+        )
+
+    return min(frontier, key=score)
+
+
+def _plot_sweep(csv_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Render dependency-free SVG frequency and Pareto plots for each group."""
+    with csv_path.open() as handle:
+        rows = list(csv.DictReader(handle))
+    groups = sorted({(r["backend"], r["profile"], r["updates"]) for r in rows})
+    for backend, profile, updates in groups:
+        group = sorted(
+            (
+                r
+                for r in rows
+                if (r["backend"], r["profile"], r["updates"])
+                == (backend, profile, updates)
+            ),
+            key=lambda r: int(r["frequency"]),
+        )
+        svg = [
+            '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/>'
+        ]
+        svg.append(
+            f'<text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">{backend} / {profile} / {updates} updates (n={len(group)} frequencies)</text>'
+        )
+        for panel, (xkey, ykeys, title) in enumerate(
+            [
+                (
+                    "frequency",
+                    ["storage_bytes", "read_p50_ms", "read_max_ms"],
+                    "Frequency vs independently normalized metrics",
+                ),
+                (
+                    "storage_bytes",
+                    ["read_p50_ms", "read_max_ms"],
+                    "Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)",
+                ),
+            ]
+        ):
+            left = 60 + panel * 550
+            svg.append(
+                f'<path d="M {left} 60 V 340 H {left + 450}" fill="none" stroke="black"/>'
+            )
+            svg.append(
+                f'<text x="{left}" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">{title}</text>'
+            )
+            xs = [float(r[xkey]) for r in group]
+            xmin, xmax = min(xs), max(xs)
+            ymax = max(float(r[k]) for r in group for k in ykeys)
+            for color, key in zip(["#176baf", "#c14b14", "#6a378b"], ykeys):
+                scale = max(float(r[key]) for r in group) if panel == 0 else ymax
+
+                def coords(row: dict, scale: float = scale) -> tuple[float, float]:
+                    return left + (float(row[xkey]) - xmin) / (
+                        xmax - xmin or 1
+                    ) * 450, 340 - float(row[key]) / (scale or 1) * 260
+
+                points = " ".join(f"{x:.2f},{y:.2f}" for x, y in map(coords, group))
+                svg.append(
+                    f'<polyline points="{points}" fill="none" stroke="{color}" stroke-width="2"/>'
+                )
+                if panel == 1:
+                    knee = _pareto_knee(group, key)
+                    x, y = coords(knee)
+                    svg.append(
+                        f'<circle cx="{x}" cy="{y}" r="5" fill="{color}"/><text x="{x + 6}" y="{y - 8}" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f={knee["frequency"]}</text>'
+                    )
+                svg.append(
+                    f'<text x="{left}" y="{365 + ykeys.index(key) * 15}" fill="{color}" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">{key}</text>'
+                )
+            svg.append(
+                f'<text x="{left}" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">{xkey}: {xmin:.0f} to {xmax:.0f}; y: 0 to {1 if panel == 0 else ymax:.2f}{" normalized" if panel == 0 else " ms"}</text>'
+            )
+        svg.append("</svg>")
+        csv_path.with_name(
+            f"{csv_path.stem}-{backend}-{profile}-{updates}.svg"
+        ).write_text("".join(svg))
+
+
+def run_snapshot_sweep(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    """Append completed grid points and regenerate plots after every point."""
+    if args.backend == "postgres" and not _POSTGRES_AVAILABLE:
+        raise RuntimeError("Postgres dependencies unavailable; no fallback is allowed")
+    args.output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    metadata_path = args.output.with_suffix(".metadata.json")
+    metadata = {
+        "schema": 1,
+        "python": platform.python_version(),
+        "platform": platform.platform(),
+        "script_sha256": hashlib.sha256(Path(__file__).read_bytes()).hexdigest(),
+        "revision": subprocess.check_output(
+            ["git", "-C", str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent), "rev-parse", "HEAD"],
+            text=True,
+        ).strip(),
+        "backend": args.backend,
+        "profiles": args.profiles,
+        "frequencies": args.frequencies,
+        "lengths": args.lengths,
+        "script": "deterministic, no provider; IDs follow update index",
+        "read_sampling": "one get_state after every invocation, prefix distribution",
+        "write_sampling": "end-to-end graph.invoke including hydrate, scripted model and checkpoint I/O",
+        "storage": "postgres pg_column_size row estimate (not relation disk bytes); memory serialized payloads across all stores",
+        "max_supersteps_since_snapshot": os.environ.get(
+            "LANGGRAPH_DELTA_MAX_SUPERSTEPS_SINCE_SNAPSHOT", "5000"
+        ),
+    }
+    if metadata_path.exists() and json.loads(metadata_path.read_text()) != metadata:
+        raise ValueError("Resume metadata differs; use a new output path")
+    metadata_path.write_text(json.dumps(metadata, indent=2) + "\n")
+    existing = []
+    if args.output.exists():
+        with args.output.open() as handle:
+            existing = list(csv.DictReader(handle))
+    done = {(r["profile"], int(r["frequency"]), int(r["updates"])) for r in existing}
+    for profile in args.profiles:
+        for freq in args.frequencies:
+            missing = [n for n in args.lengths if (profile, freq, n) not in done]
+            if not missing:
+                continue
+            for row in _measure_sweep(freq, missing, profile, args.backend):
+                fresh = not args.output.exists() or args.output.stat().st_size == 0
+                with args.output.open("a", newline="") as handle:
+                    writer = csv.DictWriter(
+                        handle, fieldnames=list(row), lineterminator="\n"
+                    )
+                    if fresh:
+                        writer.writeheader()
+                    writer.writerow(row)
+                    handle.flush()
+                print(json.dumps(row), flush=True)
+                _plot_sweep(args.output)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print("DeltaChannel benchmark — multi-channel reads, mixed frequencies")
-    print("=" * 78)
-    run_benchmark()
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--snapshot-sweep", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--backend", choices=["memory", "postgres"], default="memory")
+    parser.add_argument("--frequencies", type=int, nargs="+", default=FREQUENCIES)
+    parser.add_argument("--lengths", type=int, nargs="+", default=LENGTHS)
+    parser.add_argument("--profiles", choices=PROFILES, nargs="+", default=PROFILES)
+    parser.add_argument("--output", type=Path, default=Path("delta-sweep.csv"))
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if any(value <= 0 for value in args.frequencies + args.lengths):
+        parser.error("frequencies and lengths must be positive")
+    if args.snapshot_sweep:
+        run_snapshot_sweep(args)
+    else:
+        run_benchmark()
    sys.exit(0)
@@ -521,10 +521,11 @@ def test_addressed_resume_keeps_a_rerun_tasks_write_to_a_new_channel(
    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "t"}}
    graph.invoke(_both("in"), config, durability=durability)
-    head = graph.get_state(config).config
+    paused = graph.get_state(config).config
+    graph.update_state(config, None)

    live = graph.invoke(
-        Command(resume="yes", update={"flag": True}), head, durability=durability
+        Command(resume="yes", update={"flag": True}), paused, durability=durability
    )

    state = graph.get_state(config)
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import importlib.util
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+
+SPEC = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+    "delta_distributed",
+    Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "bench/delta_distributed.py",
+)
+bench = importlib.util.module_from_spec(SPEC)
+SPEC.loader.exec_module(bench)
+
+
+def test_plan_grid():
+    args = SimpleNamespace(
+        snapshot_id="snapshot",
+        concurrency=4,
+        timeout=3600,
+        vcpus=2,
+        memory_gib=8,
+        disk_gib=30,
+        lengths=list(bench.LENGTHS),
+        profiles=list(bench.PROFILES),
+        frequencies=list(bench.FREQUENCIES),
+    )
+    plan = bench.make_plan(args)
+    assert len(plan["shards"]) == 40
+    assert len({s["key"] for s in plan["shards"]}) == 40
+    assert plan["mem_bytes"] == 8 * 1024**3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("command_fails", [False, True])
+def test_shard_cleanup_resume_and_validation(tmp_path, command_fails):
+    shard = {"key": "mock700-25", "profile": "mock700", "frequency": 25}
+    plan = {
+        "snapshot_id": "test",
+        "timeout_seconds": 10,
+        "vcpus": 2,
+        "mem_bytes": 1024,
+        "fs_capacity_bytes": 1024,
+        "lengths": [50],
+        "source_sha256": "hash",
+    }
+    data = b"backend,profile,frequency,updates,read_p50_ms,read_p95_ms,read_max_ms,storage_bytes\npostgres,mock700,25,50,1,2,3,400\n"
+    deleted = []
+
+    class FakeSandbox:
+        def write(self, path, content):
+            assert "API_KEY" not in str(content)
+
+        def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            return SimpleNamespace(exit_code=1 if command_fails else 0)
+
+        def read(self, path):
+            return (
+                json.dumps({"script_sha256": "hash"}).encode()
+                if path.endswith("json")
+                else data
+            )
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *args):
+            pass
+
+        def create_sandbox(self, **kwargs):
+            return FakeSandbox()
+
+        def delete_sandbox(self, name):
+            deleted.append(name)
+
+    if command_fails:
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Shard command failed"):
+            bench.run_shard(plan, shard, tmp_path, FakeClient)
+        assert len(deleted) == 1
+        assert not (tmp_path / shard["key"] / "success.json").exists()
+        return
+    bench.run_shard(plan, shard, tmp_path, FakeClient)
+    bench.run_shard(plan, shard, tmp_path, FakeClient)
+    assert len(deleted) == 1
+    assert (
+        json.loads((tmp_path / shard["key"] / "attempt.json").read_text())["state"]
+        == "deleted"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Incomplete"):
+        bench.validate_csv(data, shard, [50, 200])
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Foreign"):
+        bench.validate_csv(data, {**shard, "frequency": 50}, [50])
+
+
+def test_failed_shard_is_deleted(tmp_path):
+    shard = {"key": "mock700-25", "profile": "mock700", "frequency": 25}
+    target = tmp_path / shard["key"]
+    target.mkdir()
+    (target / "attempt.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({"state": "running", "sandbox_name": "previous"})
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="previous sandbox"):
+        bench.run_shard({}, shard, tmp_path)
+    assert not (target / "success.json").exists()
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import importlib.util
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import create_autospec
+
+import pytest
+from langsmith.sandbox import Sandbox, SandboxClient
+
+SPEC = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+    "delta_snapshot", Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "bench/delta_snapshot.py"
+)
+builder = importlib.util.module_from_spec(SPEC)
+SPEC.loader.exec_module(builder)
+
+
+def test_snapshot_build_contract():
+    args = SimpleNamespace(
+        name="delta-bench",
+        revision="a" * 40,
+        vcpus=2,
+        memory_gib=8,
+        disk_gib=30,
+        timeout=1800,
+    )
+    plan = builder.snapshot_plan(args)
+    client = create_autospec(SandboxClient, instance=True)
+    client.__enter__.return_value = client
+    client.create_snapshot_from_dockerfile.return_value = SimpleNamespace(
+        id="snapshot-id", status="ready"
+    )
+    receipt = builder.build_snapshot(plan, lambda: client)
+    assert receipt["snapshot_id"] == "snapshot-id"
+    call = client.create_snapshot_from_dockerfile.call_args.kwargs
+    assert call["build_args"] == {"LANGGRAPH_REVISION": "a" * 40}
+    assert sorted(p.name for p in call["context"].iterdir()) == ["Dockerfile"]
+    assert call["timeout"] == 1800
+    client.__exit__.assert_called_once()
+    args.revision = "main; echo nope"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="40-character"):
+        builder.snapshot_plan(args)
+
+
+def test_sandbox_sdk_file_api():
+    sandbox = create_autospec(Sandbox, instance=True)
+    sandbox.write("/tmp/test", b"payload")
+    sandbox.read("/tmp/test")
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        sandbox.write_file("/tmp/test", b"payload")
@@ -152,6 +152,83 @@ def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt(
        assert asked == [["A1", "B"]]


+def test_finished_task_output_applies_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("a", lambda s: {"log": [f"a:{interrupt('A')}"]})
+    builder.add_node("b", lambda s: {"log": [f"b:{interrupt('B')}"]})
+    builder.add_node("c", lambda s: {"log": [f"c:{interrupt('C')}"]})
+    builder.add_edge(START, "a")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "b")
+    builder.add_edge(START, "c")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = _config()
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    while pending := result.get("__interrupt__"):
+        result = graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume={pending[0].id: "yes"}), config, durability=durability
+        )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:yes", "c:yes"]
+
+
+def test_resume_with_update_applies_the_update_once(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    def ask_three_times(state: State) -> State:
+        answers = [interrupt(str(question)) for question in range(1, 4)]
+        return {"log": ["a:" + "".join(answers)]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", ask_three_times)
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = _config()
+
+    result = graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    for i in range(1, 4):
+        result = graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume=str(i), update={"log": [f"u{i}"]}),
+            config,
+            durability=durability,
+        )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:123", "u1", "u2", "u3"]
+    assert sorted(graph.get_state(config).values["log"]) == sorted(result["log"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("checkpoint_id", ["none", "head"])
+def test_resume_at_the_latest_checkpoint_does_not_rerun_finished_task(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, checkpoint_id: str
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    graph = _build_parallel(sync_checkpointer, calls)
+    config = _config()
+    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config)
+
+    def resume(question: str, answer: str) -> Any:
+        snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+        target = (
+            snapshot.config
+            if checkpoint_id == "head"
+            else {"configurable": {**config["configurable"], "checkpoint_id": None}}
+        )
+        return graph.invoke(
+            Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, question).id: answer}),
+            target,
+        )
+
+    resume("A1", "yes")
+    result = resume("B", "ok")
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
+    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}, "resuming B ran the finished A again"
+
+
@NEEDS_CONTEXTVARS
 async def test_finished_task_does_not_report_answered_interrupt_async(
    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
@@ -474,6 +551,64 @@ def test_functional_task_finished_with_none_is_not_rerun(
    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}


+def test_subgraph_finished_task_is_not_rerun(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver, durability: Durability
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    builder = StateGraph(State)
+    builder.add_node("child", _build_parallel(None, calls))
+    builder.add_edge(START, "child")
+    graph = builder.compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    config = _config()
+
+    graph.invoke({"log": []}, config, durability=durability)
+    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+    graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "A1").id: "yes"}),
+        config,
+        durability=durability,
+    )
+    snapshot = graph.get_state(config)
+    result = graph.invoke(
+        Command(resume={_interrupt_by_value(snapshot, "B").id: "ok"}),
+        config,
+        durability=durability,
+    )
+
+    assert sorted(result["log"]) == ["a:yes", "b:ok"]
+    assert calls == {"a": 2, "b": 3}, "resuming B ran the finished A again"
+
+
+def test_nested_entrypoint_finished_task_is_not_rerun(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    calls: Counter[str] = Counter()
+
+    @task
+    def step_1(query: str) -> str:
+        calls["step_1"] += 1
+        return f"{query} bar"
+
+    @task
+    def human_feedback(query: str) -> str:
+        calls["human_feedback"] += 1
+        return f"{query} {interrupt('feedback?')}"
+
+    @entrypoint()
+    def child(query: str) -> str:
+        return human_feedback(step_1(query).result()).result()
+
+    @entrypoint(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    def parent(query: str) -> str:
+        return child.invoke(query)
+
+    config = _config()
+    parent.invoke("foo", config)
+
+    assert parent.invoke(Command(resume="baz"), config) == "foo bar baz"
+    assert calls == {"step_1": 1, "human_feedback": 2}
+
+
 # --- Reading task status from recorded writes ---


@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import asyncio
+import operator
+import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Annotated, Any

 import pytest
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import BaseCheckpointSaver
@@ -251,3 +254,61 @@ def test_interrupt_response_schema_invalid_resume_after_earlier_interrupt(
    assert graph.invoke(resume({"approved": True}), config) == {
        "answer": ["ok", Decision(approved=True)]
    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 11),
+    reason="Python 3.11+ is required for async contextvars support",
+)
+async def test_invalid_resume_lets_other_answered_tasks_finish(
+    async_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """An invalid answer fails the resume without cutting off the other answered tasks.
+
+    A task cancelled after its side effect keeps its answer and runs again on the next
+    resume, so the side effect would happen twice.
+    """
+    sent: list[str] = []
+
+    class State(TypedDict):
+        log: Annotated[list[str], operator.add]
+
+    async def send(state: State) -> State:
+        interrupt("send?", response_schema=Decision)
+        sent.append("email")
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # waiting on the reply to a request already sent
+        return {"log": ["sent"]}
+
+    async def check(state: State) -> State:
+        interrupt("check?", response_schema=Decision)
+        return {"log": ["checked"]}
+
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("send", send)
+        .add_node("check", check)
+        .add_edge(START, "send")
+        .add_edge(START, "check")
+        .compile(checkpointer=async_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+    await graph.ainvoke({"log": []}, config)
+    ids = {i.value: i.id for i in (await graph.aget_state(config)).interrupts}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="approved"):
+        await graph.ainvoke(
+            Command(
+                resume={
+                    ids["send?"]: {"approved": True},
+                    ids["check?"]: {"approved": "nope"},
+                }
+            ),
+            config,
+        )
+    pending = [i.value for i in (await graph.aget_state(config)).interrupts]
+    assert (pending, sent) == (["check?"], ["email"])
+
+    result = await graph.ainvoke(
+        Command(resume={ids["check?"]: {"approved": True}}), config
+    )
+    assert (sorted(result["log"]), sent) == (["checked", "sent"], ["email"])
@@ -7737,6 +7737,8 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
 def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> None:
    # --- CHILD GRAPH ---

+    answered: Counter[str] = Counter()
+
    class ChildState(BaseModel):
        prompt: str = Field(..., description="What is going to be asked to the user?")
        human_input: str | None = Field(None, description="What the human said")
@@ -7746,6 +7748,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N

    def get_human_input(state: ChildState):
        human_input = interrupt(state.prompt)
+        answered["human"] += 1

        return dict(
            human_inputs=[human_input],  # update parent state
@@ -7753,6 +7756,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N

    def get_dolphin_input(state: ChildState):
        human_input = interrupt(state.prompt)
+        answered["dolphin"] += 1

        return dict(
            human_inputs=[human_input],  # update parent state
@@ -7846,6 +7850,7 @@ def test_parallel_interrupts_double(sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver) -> N

    assert invokes == 5
    assert len(events) == 5
+    assert answered == {"human": 2, "dolphin": 2}


 def test_pregel_loop_refcount():
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import operator
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from threading import Event
 from typing import Annotated, Any

 import pytest
@@ -72,12 +73,15 @@ def _graph(
    ask: bool = False,
    fail: set[str] | None = None,
    calls: dict[str, int] | None = None,
+    before_fail: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
 ) -> Any:
    def note(name: str):
        def node(state: State) -> dict:
            if calls is not None:
                calls[name] = calls.get(name, 0) + 1
            if fail is not None and name in fail:
+                if before_fail is not None:
+                    before_fail()
                fail.discard(name)
                raise ValueError(f"{name} failed")
            return {"notes": [name]}
@@ -234,18 +238,37 @@ def test_keep_latest_keeps_a_pending_interrupt_resumable(

@pytest.mark.parametrize("make_checkpointer", SYNC)
 def test_keep_latest_keeps_writes_of_tasks_that_finished_before_a_failure(
-    make_checkpointer: Any,
+    make_checkpointer: Any, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
 ) -> None:
    with make_checkpointer() as checkpointer:
        calls: dict[str, int] = {}
        fail: set[str] = set()
-        graph = _graph(checkpointer, fail=fail, calls=calls)
+        left_persisted = Event()
+        put_writes = checkpointer.put_writes
+
+        def persist(config, writes, task_id, task_path=""):
+            put_writes(config, writes, task_id, task_path)
+            if ("notes", ["left"]) in writes:
+                left_persisted.set()
+
+        def wait_for_left() -> None:
+            assert left_persisted.wait(5), "left task writes were not persisted"
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(checkpointer, "put_writes", persist)
+        graph = _graph(checkpointer, fail=fail, calls=calls, before_fail=wait_for_left)
        for thread_id in ("pruned", "twin"):
            for i in range(2):
                graph.invoke(_say(i), _config(thread_id))
+            left_persisted.clear()
            fail.add("right")
            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="right failed"):
                graph.invoke(_say(2), _config(thread_id))
+            checkpoint = checkpointer.get_tuple(_config(thread_id))
+            assert checkpoint is not None
+            assert any(
+                channel == "notes" and value == ["left"]
+                for _, channel, value in checkpoint.pending_writes
+            )
        before = graph.get_state(_config("pruned"))

        checkpointer.prune(["pruned"])
@@ -1177,6 +1177,43 @@ def test_subgraph_interrupt_resume_with_explicit_head_checkpoint_id(
    assert result["value"] == ["sub_a", "human:answer", "sub_b"]


+def test_subgraph_replay_reasks_answered_parallel_interrupt(
+    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
+) -> None:
+    """Replaying a subgraph checkpoint asks its step's questions again, including
+    one already answered. An update checkpoint replays in place instead of
+    forking, so its tasks keep their ids and its saved answers could be reused."""
+
+    subgraph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("a", lambda s: {"value": [f"a:{interrupt('a')}"]})
+        .add_node("b", lambda s: {"value": [f"b:{interrupt('b')}"]})
+        .add_edge(START, "a")
+        .add_edge(START, "b")
+        .compile(checkpointer=True)
+    )
+    graph = (
+        StateGraph(State)
+        .add_node("subgraph_node", subgraph)
+        .add_edge(START, "subgraph_node")
+        .compile(checkpointer=sync_checkpointer)
+    )
+    config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "1"}}
+
+    def subgraph_head() -> RunnableConfig:
+        return graph.get_state(config, subgraphs=True).tasks[0].state.config
+
+    graph.invoke({"value": []}, config)
+    graph.update_state(subgraph_head(), {"value": ["u"]}, as_node="__start__")
+    result = graph.invoke(None, config)
+    question_a = next(i for i in result["__interrupt__"] if i.value == "a")
+    graph.invoke(Command(resume={question_a.id: "yes"}), config)
+
+    result = graph.invoke(None, subgraph_head())
+
+    assert sorted(i.value for i in result["__interrupt__"]) == ["a", "b"]
+
+
 def test_subgraph_replay_loads_accumulated_state_then_resume(
    sync_checkpointer: BaseCheckpointSaver,
 ) -> None:
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/ad/3cc14f097111b4de0040c83a525973216457bbeeb63739ef1ed275c1c021/certifi-2026.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9943707519e4add1115f44c2bc244f782c0249876bf51b6599fee1ffbedd685c", size = 152900, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:40.15Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1835,7 +1835,7 @@ test = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ dev = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -1876,7 +1876,7 @@ test = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ requires-dist = [
    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0,<2" },
    { name = "langchain-protocol", specifier = ">=0.0.15" },
    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.11.5" },
-    { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=14,<17" },
+    { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=14" },
 ]

 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"

 [project]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 description = "Library with high-level APIs for creating and executing LangGraph agents and tools."
 authors = []
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test = [
    "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite",
    "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres",
    "syrupy",
-    "psycopg-binary",
+    "psycopg[binary]",
 ]
 lint = [
    "ruff",
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.1.4"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/2d/a891ca51311197f6ad14a7ef42e2399f36cf2f9bd44752b3dc4eab60fdc5/certifi-2026.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac726dd470482006e014ad384921ed6438c457018f4b3d204aea4281258b2120", size = 154268, upload-time = "2026-01-04T02:42:41.825Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langchain-core"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.6.5"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "httpx" },
@@ -267,9 +267,9 @@ dependencies = [
    { name = "typing-extensions" },
    { name = "uuid-utils" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/90/12/aff76ca89c219ebe6f9dd3c5dbc4e3b1cf5450e9fc7037dccad23d45cd7a/langchain_core-1.6.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b156cb395aac4f009a8a1b38a574c7d948fe2d5f74c96e0d8a5017b4149e04f", size = 1003359, upload-time = "2026-08-27T19:31:14.956Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/ed/ceecd3bfcfc77a94cf30a9f1506e907fdea447458825e01914a72d2d1a6f/langchain_core-1.6.5.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bdb059fef65473fd444558dbb18f50901657402c43ceed9dc0fdc7b76a393c6b", size = 1007041, upload-time = "2026-09-24T18:11:06.487Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8e/25/f50dd65673c819aa33d3c34df58c115dbb6ec627d19f93e6e401dd0fc8d7/langchain_core-1.6.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:954a84132a5cb0435d27b910e336347b6744ecc18fbeef1e2de7029a0959841a", size = 571478, upload-time = "2026-08-27T19:31:13.34Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/59/68/447ac7e734990b7ed9dcfc3b6dee9a4cd4d4169e296429fa71a9a47c1c7b/langchain_core-1.6.5-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:54c7b0e9314b9084fb04405bb33dc5d32986d512d92b7b8863899cd5f6267556", size = 572136, upload-time = "2026-09-24T18:11:04.837Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "../langgraph" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ test = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ dev = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extra = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ test = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extra = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ dev = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ test = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ requires-dist = [
    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0,<2" },
    { name = "langchain-protocol", specifier = ">=0.0.15" },
    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.11.5" },
-    { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=14,<17" },
+    { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=14" },
 ]

 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
@@ -821,77 +821,93 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
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-version = "3.3.4"
+version = "3.3.6"
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+]
+
+[package.optional-dependencies]
+binary = [
+    { name = "psycopg-binary", marker = "implementation_name != 'pypy'" },
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 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@
 - **`thread.output`** — awaitable that resolves to the terminal thread state
  `values` dict after the run lifecycle completes.

+- **`Priority` (beta)** — register an async function with `@priority.assign`
+  and name the object in the `priority` section of `langgraph.json`. The
+  server calls the function with a `PriorityContext` at the first run on a
+  thread with no settings and stores the `PrioritySettings` it returns
+  (`priority`, `fairness_group`, `fairness_weight`) on the thread. Requires
+  `langgraph-api` 0.18.0 or later and a `langgraph-cli` that supports the
+  section; older versions of either ignore it.
+
 ### Changed

 - `client.threads.stream()` now accepts `transport="sse"` (default) or
@@ -2,14 +2,19 @@ from langgraph_sdk.auth import Auth
 from langgraph_sdk.client import get_client, get_sync_client
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption import Encryption
 from langgraph_sdk.encryption.types import DecryptResult, EncryptionContext
+from langgraph_sdk.priority import Priority
+from langgraph_sdk.priority.types import PriorityContext, PrioritySettings

-__version__ = "0.4.7"
+__version__ = "0.4.9"

 __all__ = [
    "Auth",
    "DecryptResult",
    "Encryption",
    "EncryptionContext",
+    "Priority",
+    "PriorityContext",
+    "PrioritySettings",
    "get_client",
    "get_sync_client",
 ]
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations

 import asyncio
 import contextlib
+import logging
 import random
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Generator, Mapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.decoders import (
    ToolCallsDecoder,
    validate_interleave_channels,
 )
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    protocol_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, infer_channel
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
    AsyncProtocolTransport,
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
    ProtocolWebSocketTransport,
 )

+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+

 class InterruptPayload(TypedDict):
    """Payload surfaced when the server requests human input for a thread."""
@@ -193,6 +201,7 @@ class RunModule:
            if not gate.done():
                gate.set_result(None)
            self._owner._run_seen = True
+            self._owner._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
            return result
        except BaseException as err:
            # Why: gate MUST reject on any exit type, including CancelledError,
@@ -1203,6 +1212,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
        # observes a `completed`/`errored` event.
        self._interrupts_lock = asyncio.Lock()
        self._lifecycle_watcher_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+        self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = False
        self._lifecycle_watcher_handle: EventStreamHandle | None = None
        self._lifecycle_cursor: int | None = None
        self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 5
@@ -1261,8 +1271,11 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
        # Create the run-done future here (async context guarantees a running loop).
        self._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
        # Start the lifecycle watcher immediately so reattach and thread.output
-        # work without a preceding run.start call.
-        self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
+        # work without a preceding run.start call. A minted thread_id names no
+        # thread until run.start creates it, and with custom auth a stream for a
+        # thread that doesn't exist yet fails, so run.start starts the watcher.
+        if self._explicit_thread_id:
+            self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
        return self

    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
@@ -1630,6 +1643,13 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                async for event in self._dedup_iter(shared.events):
                    if self._closed:
                        break
+                    if (frame_error := stream_error_frame(event)) is not None:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Thread %s event stream failed: %s",
+                            self.thread_id,
+                            frame_error,
+                        )
+                        continue
                    self._observe_event(event)
                    for sub in list(self._subscriptions.values()):
                        if matches_subscription(event, sub.params):
@@ -1655,6 +1675,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                if (
                    err is not None
                    and not isinstance(err, asyncio.CancelledError)
+                    and not is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
                    and not self._closed
                ):
                    with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
@@ -1681,7 +1702,8 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:

        Returns:
            `True` if a new stream was opened (caller should resume fanout),
-            `False` if all reconnect attempts were exhausted or the controller
+            `False` if all reconnect attempts were exhausted, the server
+            rejected the stream with a non-retryable 4xx, or the controller
            was closed in the meantime.
        """
        if self._transport is None:
@@ -1702,7 +1724,9 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                await new_stream.ready
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                raise
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as err:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(err):
+                    return False
                await self._reconnect_sleep(attempt)
                continue
            self._shared_stream = new_stream
@@ -1800,9 +1824,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
            # 202/204 — no body. Caller gets an empty result.
            return {}
        if response.get("type") == "error":
-            code = response.get("error", "unknown")
-            message = response.get("message", "")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+            raise protocol_error(response)
        meta = response.get("meta")
        if isinstance(meta, dict):
            applied_through_seq = meta.get("applied_through_seq")
@@ -1826,8 +1848,15 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
            await asyncio.wait_for(asyncio.shield(gate), timeout=timeout)

    def _ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running(self) -> None:
-        if self._lifecycle_watcher_task is not None:
+        task = self._lifecycle_watcher_task
+        if task is not None and not self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected:
            return
+        if task is not None:
+            # A 4xx stopped the watcher before this run started, typically the
+            # 404 for a thread this run.start just created, so the result it
+            # left isn't this run's.
+            self._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = False
        self._lifecycle_watcher_task = asyncio.create_task(
            self._run_lifecycle_watcher()
        )
@@ -1850,7 +1879,11 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
        if self._transport is None:
            return
        reconnect_attempts = 0
+        frame_error: RuntimeError | None = None
        while not self._closed:
+            # A stream opened before run.start can 404 for the thread that
+            # run.start creates, so it gets one more try once a run has started.
+            opened_before_run = not self._run_seen
            try:
                handle = self._transport.open_event_stream(
                    self._lifecycle_stream_params()
@@ -1860,6 +1893,7 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                async for event in handle.events:
                    if self._closed:
                        return
+                    frame_error = stream_error_frame(event) or frame_error
                    self._observe_lifecycle_event(event)
                    await self._apply_lifecycle_event(event)
                err = await handle.done
@@ -1868,38 +1902,43 @@ class AsyncThreadStream:
                    # event. Resolve `_run_done` as errored so awaiters of
                    # `thread.output` don't hang.
                    if err is None:
-                        run_done = self._run_done
-                        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                            run_done.set_result(
-                                _RunTerminal(
-                                    status="errored",
-                                    error=RuntimeError(
-                                        "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
-                                    ),
-                                )
+                        self._fail_run_done(
+                            frame_error
+                            or RuntimeError(
+                                "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
                            )
+                        )
                    return
                reconnect_attempts += 1
-                if reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
+                if (
+                    is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                    or reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts
+                ):
                    raise err
                await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                raise
            except Exception as exc:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(exc):
+                    if opened_before_run and self._run_seen:
+                        continue
+                    self._lifecycle_watcher_rejected = True
+                    self._fail_run_done(exc)
+                    return
                reconnect_attempts += 1
                if reconnect_attempts <= self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
                    await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
                    continue
-                run_done = self._run_done
-                if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                    run_done.set_result(
-                        _RunTerminal(
-                            status="errored",
-                            error=RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}"),
-                        )
-                    )
+                self._fail_run_done(
+                    frame_error or RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}")
+                )
                return

+    def _fail_run_done(self, error: BaseException) -> None:
+        run_done = self._run_done
+        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
+            run_done.set_result(_RunTerminal(status="errored", error=error))
+
    async def _fetch_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Fetch the current thread state from the REST endpoint."""
        return await self._http.get(
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ from langgraph_sdk.stream.decoders import (
    ToolCallsDecoder,
    validate_interleave_channels,
 )
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    protocol_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, infer_channel
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.sync_controller import (
    SyncStreamController,
@@ -237,6 +242,7 @@ class SyncRunModule:
        controller = self._owner._controller
        if controller is not None and controller._run_start_gate is not None:
            controller._run_start_gate.set()
+        self._owner._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
        return result

    def respond(
@@ -1111,6 +1117,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
        self.interrupted: bool = False
        self.interrupts: list[InterruptPayload] = []
        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+        self._lifecycle_watcher_lock = threading.Lock()
        self._lifecycle_watcher_handle: SyncEventStreamHandle | None = None
        self._lifecycle_cursor: int | None = None
        self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 5
@@ -1149,7 +1156,11 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
            self._transport, run_start_gate=run_start_gate
        )
        self._run_done = _BlockingResult()
-        self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
+        # A minted thread_id names no thread until run.start creates it, and
+        # with custom auth a stream for a thread that doesn't exist yet fails,
+        # so run.start starts the watcher instead.
+        if self._explicit_thread_id:
+            self._ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
@@ -1485,9 +1496,7 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
        if response is None:
            return {}
        if response.get("type") == "error":
-            code = response.get("error", "unknown")
-            message = response.get("message", "")
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+            raise protocol_error(response)
        meta = response.get("meta")
        if isinstance(meta, dict):
            applied_through_seq = meta.get("applied_through_seq")
@@ -1496,14 +1505,20 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
        return response.get("result", {})

    def _ensure_lifecycle_watcher_running(self) -> None:
-        if self._lifecycle_watcher_thread is not None:
-            return
-        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = threading.Thread(
-            target=self._run_lifecycle_watcher,
-            name="langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle",
-            daemon=True,
-        )
-        self._lifecycle_watcher_thread.start()
+        with self._lifecycle_watcher_lock:
+            if self._lifecycle_watcher_thread is not None:
+                return
+            if self._run_done is not None and self._run_done.done():
+                # A 4xx stopped the watcher before this run started, typically
+                # the 404 for a thread this run.start just created, so the
+                # result it left isn't this run's.
+                self._run_done = _BlockingResult()
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self._run_lifecycle_watcher,
+                name="langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle",
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread.start()

    def _observe_lifecycle_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
        seq = event.get("seq")
@@ -1523,7 +1538,11 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
        if self._transport is None:
            return
        reconnect_attempts = 0
+        frame_error: RuntimeError | None = None
        while not self._closed:
+            # A stream opened before run.start can 404 for the thread that
+            # run.start creates, so it gets one more try once a run has started.
+            opened_before_run = not self._run_seen
            try:
                handle = self._transport.open_event_stream(
                    self._lifecycle_stream_params()
@@ -1532,28 +1551,64 @@ class SyncThreadStream:
                for event in handle.events:
                    if self._closed:
                        return
+                    frame_error = stream_error_frame(event) or frame_error
                    self._observe_lifecycle_event(event)
                    self._apply_lifecycle_event(event)
                err = handle.error()
                if err is None:
+                    # Clean EOF: stream ended without a terminal lifecycle
+                    # event. Resolve `_run_done` as errored so `thread.output`
+                    # doesn't block forever.
+                    if not self._closed:
+                        self._fail_run_done(
+                            frame_error
+                            or RuntimeError(
+                                "lifecycle stream ended before terminal event"
+                            )
+                        )
                    return
                reconnect_attempts += 1
-                if reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
+                if (
+                    is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                    or reconnect_attempts > self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts
+                ):
                    raise err
            except Exception as exc:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(exc):
+                    if self._stop_rejected_lifecycle_watcher(
+                        exc, unless_run_started=opened_before_run
+                    ):
+                        return
+                    continue
                reconnect_attempts += 1
                if reconnect_attempts <= self._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts:
                    continue
-                run_done = self._run_done
-                if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
-                    run_done.set_result(
-                        _RunTerminal(
-                            status="errored",
-                            error=RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}"),
-                        )
-                    )
+                self._fail_run_done(
+                    frame_error or RuntimeError(f"Lifecycle transport failed: {exc}")
+                )
                return

+    def _stop_rejected_lifecycle_watcher(
+        self, error: BaseException, *, unless_run_started: bool = False
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Fail the run with a 4xx `error` and clear the watcher, so run.start starts another.
+
+        Returns False, changing nothing, when `unless_run_started` is set and a
+        run has started. Holding the lock keeps a run.start from seeing this
+        watcher as still running once it has decided to stop.
+        """
+        with self._lifecycle_watcher_lock:
+            if unless_run_started and self._run_seen:
+                return False
+            self._fail_run_done(error)
+            self._lifecycle_watcher_thread = None
+            return True
+
+    def _fail_run_done(self, error: BaseException) -> None:
+        run_done = self._run_done
+        if run_done is not None and not run_done.done():
+            run_done.set_result(_RunTerminal(status="errored", error=error))
+
    def _fetch_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Fetch the current thread state from the REST endpoint."""
        return self._http.get(
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""Custom run priority for LangGraph.
+
+.. warning::
+    This API is in beta and may change in future versions.
+
+This module lets developers decide the priority settings of each thread with
+an async function that the server calls at the first run on a thread with no
+settings. The function is registered on an object that `langgraph.json` names,
+and runs server-side.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+import typing
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+
+from langgraph_sdk.encryption import DuplicateHandlerError, LangGraphBetaWarning
+from langgraph_sdk.priority import types
+
+_AssignHandler = Callable[
+    [types.PriorityContext], Awaitable[types.PrioritySettings | None]
+]
+_AssignHandlerT = typing.TypeVar("_AssignHandlerT", bound=_AssignHandler)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _warn_priority_beta() -> None:
+    warnings.warn(
+        "The Priority API is in beta and may change in future versions.",
+        LangGraphBetaWarning,
+        stacklevel=4,
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_handler(fn: typing.Callable) -> None:
+    """Validate that the assign handler is async and takes one parameter.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If the handler is not an async function or has wrong parameter count
+    """
+    if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(fn):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Priority assign handler must be an async function, got {type(fn)}"
+        )
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(fn)
+    params = [
+        p
+        for p in sig.parameters.values()
+        if p.kind in (p.POSITIONAL_ONLY, p.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+    ]
+    if len(params) != 1:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Priority assign handler must accept exactly 1 parameter (ctx), "
+            f"got {len(params)}"
+        )
+
+
+class Priority:
+    """Decide the priority settings of your LangGraph application's threads.
+
+    .. warning::
+        This API is in beta and may change in future versions.
+
+    To use, create a separate Python file and add the path to the file to your
+    LangGraph API configuration file (`langgraph.json`). Within that file, create
+    an instance of the Priority class and register an assign function with
+    `@priority.assign`.
+
+    Example `langgraph.json` file:
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "dependencies": ["."],
+      "graphs": {
+        "agent": "./my_agent/agent.py:graph"
+      },
+      "env": ".env",
+      "priority": {
+        "path": "./priority.py:priority"
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+    The server calls the assign function at the first run on a thread with no
+    settings, which can come long after the thread was created, and stores the
+    settings it returns on the thread. Later runs on the thread use the stored
+    settings. The function can be called more than once for one thread, for
+    example after it raises, and only one result is stored, so keep it free of
+    side effects.
+
+    ???+ example "Basic Usage"
+
+        ```python
+        from langgraph_sdk import Priority, PriorityContext, PrioritySettings
+
+        priority = Priority()
+
+        @priority.assign
+        async def assign(ctx: PriorityContext) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+            return {
+                "priority": 3 if "premium" in ctx.permissions else 0,
+                # Stored unencrypted, so an opaque ID rather than personal data.
+                "fairness_group": ctx.user["org_id"],
+            }
+        ```
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("_assign_handler",)
+
+    types = types
+    """Reference to priority type definitions.
+
+    Provides access to the type definitions used by the priority system:
+    PriorityContext and PrioritySettings.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize the Priority instance."""
+        _warn_priority_beta()
+        self._assign_handler: _AssignHandler | None = None
+
+    def assign(self, fn: _AssignHandlerT) -> _AssignHandlerT:
+        """Register the function that assigns a thread's priority settings.
+
+        The function receives a `PriorityContext` and returns `PrioritySettings`,
+        or `None` for the defaults.
+
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            @priority.assign
+            async def assign(ctx: PriorityContext) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+                if ctx.cron_id is not None:
+                    return {"priority": -2}
+                return None
+            ```
+
+        Args:
+            fn: The assign handler function
+
+        Returns:
+            The registered handler function
+
+        Raises:
+            DuplicateHandlerError: If an assign handler is already registered
+            TypeError: If the handler has an invalid signature
+        """
+        if self._assign_handler is not None:
+            raise DuplicateHandlerError("Priority assign handler already registered")
+        _validate_handler(fn)
+        self._assign_handler = fn
+        return fn
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Priority types for LangGraph.
+
+This module defines the context the server passes to the function registered
+with `@priority.assign`, and the settings that function returns.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from langgraph_sdk.auth.types import BaseUser
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class PriorityContext:
+    """Context passed to the `@priority.assign` function at the first run on a thread with no settings."""
+
+    user: BaseUser
+    """The user from the deployment's auth, custom auth or LangSmith auth. Without auth, `user.identity` is empty."""
+
+    permissions: Sequence[str]
+    """The user's permissions from the same auth. Without auth, it's empty."""
+
+    thread_id: str | None
+    """The thread's ID, or `None` when the run creates its thread without being given an ID."""
+
+    thread_metadata: dict[str, typing.Any]
+    """The thread's metadata."""
+
+    assistant_id: str
+    """The ID of the assistant the run uses."""
+
+    graph_id: str
+    """The ID of the graph the assistant runs."""
+
+    assistant_metadata: dict[str, typing.Any]
+    """The assistant's metadata."""
+
+    run_metadata: dict[str, typing.Any]
+    """The run's metadata."""
+
+    cron_id: str | None
+    """The ID of the cron that started the run, or `None` when no cron started it."""
+
+
+class PrioritySettings(typing.TypedDict, total=False):
+    """Priority settings returned by the `@priority.assign` function.
+
+    Every key is optional: a missing key or a key set to `None` takes its
+    default, and returning `None` instead of a dict gives every key its default.
+    A value outside its range, or an empty `fairness_group`, is an error.
+    """
+
+    priority: int | None
+    """An integer from -5 to 5, where 5 runs first and -5 runs last. Defaults to 0."""
+
+    fairness_group: str | None
+    """The thread's fairness group, a non-empty string. Defaults to `"default"`.
+
+    The server stores it unencrypted, even when the deployment uses custom
+    encryption, so use an opaque ID rather than personal data.
+    """
+
+    fairness_weight: int | None
+    """The weight of the thread's fairness group, an integer from 1 to 100. Defaults to 1."""
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Thread-stream failures, shared by the async and sync clients."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import httpx
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed, InvalidStatus
+
+
+def protocol_error(response: dict[str, Any]) -> RuntimeError:
+    """Build the error for a protocol `{"type": "error"}` envelope."""
+    code = response.get("error", "unknown")
+    message = response.get("message", "")
+    return RuntimeError(f"Protocol error [{code}]: {message}")
+
+
+def stream_error_frame(event: Any) -> RuntimeError | None:
+    """Return the error in an unsolicited `{"type": "error", "id": null}` frame.
+
+    The server sends one just before it closes a thread stream whose read failed.
+    """
+    if (
+        isinstance(event, dict)
+        and event.get("type") == "error"
+        and event.get("id") is None
+    ):
+        return protocol_error(event)
+    return None
+
+
+def is_non_retryable_stream_error(error: BaseException | None) -> bool:
+    """Whether reopening the stream would fail the same way.
+
+    True for a 4xx other than 408 and 429: the status of a refused stream request
+    or WebSocket upgrade, or a WebSocket close code of 4000 plus that status. A
+    server that rejects a WebSocket after accepting it closes with such a code,
+    because a browser can't read the status of a refused upgrade.
+    """
+    if isinstance(error, (httpx.HTTPStatusError, InvalidStatus)):
+        status = error.response.status_code
+    elif isinstance(error, ConnectionClosed) and error.rcvd is not None:
+        status = error.rcvd.code - 4000
+    else:
+        return False
+    return 400 <= status < 500 and status not in (408, 429)
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ from typing import Any

 from langchain_protocol import Event, SubscribeParams

+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.subscription import compute_union_filter, filter_covers
 from langgraph_sdk.stream.transport import (
    SyncEventStreamHandle,
@@ -167,6 +171,13 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                return
            try:
                for event in self._dedup_iter(shared.events):
+                    if (frame_error := stream_error_frame(event)) is not None:
+                        _logger.warning(
+                            "Thread %s event stream failed: %s",
+                            self._transport.thread_id,
+                            frame_error,
+                        )
+                        continue
                    with self._lock:
                        if self._closed:
                            break
@@ -190,7 +201,11 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                    continue  # rotation happened; pick up new stream
                # No rotation — check if this was a transport drop
            err = shared.error()
-            if err is not None and not self._closed:
+            if (
+                err is not None
+                and not is_non_retryable_stream_error(err)
+                and not self._closed
+            ):
                if self._reconnect_shared_stream():
                    continue
            break
@@ -199,25 +214,6 @@ class SyncStreamController:
            for sub in self._subscriptions.values():
                sub.queue.put(None)

-    def _reconnect_shared_stream(self) -> bool:
-        with self._lock:
-            base_filter = self._shared_stream_filter
-        if base_filter is None:
-            return False
-        for _ in range(self._max_reconnect_attempts):
-            with self._lock:
-                if self._closed:
-                    return False
-                params = self._filter_with_since(base_filter)
-            try:
-                new_stream = self._transport.open_event_stream(params)
-            except Exception:
-                continue
-            with self._lock:
-                self._shared_stream = new_stream
-            return True
-        return False
-
    def _compute_current_union(
        self, extra: SubscribeParams | None = None
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -296,7 +292,8 @@ class SyncStreamController:
        """Attempt to reopen the shared stream after a transport drop.

        Returns True if a new stream was successfully opened, False if all
-        reconnect attempts were exhausted or the controller was closed.
+        reconnect attempts were exhausted, the server rejected the stream with a
+        non-retryable 4xx, or the controller was closed.
        """
        base_filter = self._shared_stream_filter
        if base_filter is None:
@@ -317,6 +314,8 @@ class SyncStreamController:
                        old.close()
                return True
            except Exception as err:
+                if is_non_retryable_stream_error(err):
+                    return False
                _logger.debug("sync reconnect attempt %d failed: %r", attempt, err)
        return False

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ dependencies = [
    "orjson>=3.11.5",
    "langchain-protocol>=0.0.15",
    "langchain-core>=1.4.0,<2",
-    "websockets>=14,<17",
+    "websockets>=14",
 ]

 [tool.hatch.version]
@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ def lifecycle_errored_event(
    return _base(seq, "lifecycle", namespace or [], {"event": "failed", "error": error})


+def thread_stream_failed_frame() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Unsolicited error frame the server sends before closing a failed stream."""
+    return {
+        "type": "error",
+        "id": None,
+        "error": "unknown_error",
+        "message": "Thread event stream failed.",
+    }
+
+
 def values_event(
    seq: int = 0, namespace: list[str] | None = None, **data: Any
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class _StreamScript:
    events: list[dict[str, Any]]
    delay: float = 0.0
    fail_after: int | None = None
+    status: int = 200


 class FakeServer:
@@ -263,6 +264,8 @@ class FakeServer:
                    events=list(self.scripted_events), delay=self._stream_delay
                )
            )
+            if script.status != 200:
+                return httpx.Response(script.status, json={"detail": "scripted"})
            self.open_event_streams += 1
            self._open_event_streams_max = max(
                self._open_event_streams_max, self.open_event_streams
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import orjson
 class SyncStreamScript:
    events: list[dict[str, Any]]
    fail_after: int | None = None
+    status: int = 200


 class _SseByteStream(httpx.SyncByteStream):
@@ -113,6 +114,8 @@ class SyncFakeServer:
                if self._stream_scripts
                else SyncStreamScript(events=list(self.scripted_events))
            )
+            if script.status != 200:
+                return httpx.Response(script.status, json={"detail": "scripted"})
            return httpx.Response(
                200,
                headers={"content-type": "text/event-stream"},
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Child lifecycle completion must not finish the parent thread's output."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import cast
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from langchain_protocol import Event
+
+from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._async.threads import ThreadsClient
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.http import SyncHttpClient
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.stream import _BlockingResult
+from langgraph_sdk._sync.threads import SyncThreadsClient
+from streaming._events import input_requested_event, lifecycle_event
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("phase", ["completed", "failed"])
+async def test_async_child_terminal_does_not_finish_root(phase):
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        thread = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw)).stream(
+            thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent"
+        )
+        thread._run_done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, input_requested_event(namespace=["sub:1"]))
+        )
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(namespace=["sub:1"], event=phase))
+        )
+        assert not thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts[0]["namespace"] == ["sub:1"]
+
+        await thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(event="completed"))
+        )
+        assert thread._run_done.done()
+        assert (await thread._run_done).error is None
+        assert not thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("phase", ["completed", "failed"])
+def test_sync_child_terminal_does_not_finish_root(phase):
+    with httpx.Client(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        thread = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw)).stream(
+            thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent"
+        )
+        thread._run_done = _BlockingResult()
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, input_requested_event(namespace=["sub:1"]))
+        )
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(
+            cast(Event, lifecycle_event(namespace=["sub:1"], event=phase))
+        )
+        assert not thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts[0]["namespace"] == ["sub:1"]
+
+        thread._apply_lifecycle_event(cast(Event, lifecycle_event(event="completed")))
+        assert thread._run_done.done()
+        assert thread._run_done.result().error is None
+        assert not thread.interrupted
+        assert thread.interrupts == []
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from streaming._events import (
    lifecycle_completed_event,
    lifecycle_errored_event,
    lifecycle_event,
+    thread_stream_failed_frame,
 )
 from streaming._fake_server import FakeServer, _StreamScript

@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ async def test_interrupts_populated_from_input_requested_event():


 async def test_aenter_starts_lifecycle_watcher():
-    """Entering AsyncThreadStream opens lifecycle/input SSE before run.start."""
+    """Entering with an explicit thread_id opens the lifecycle/input SSE before run.start."""
    fake = FakeServer()
    fake.script([lifecycle_event(seq=0, phase="started")])
    asgi = httpx.ASGITransport(app=fake.app)
@@ -274,3 +275,137 @@ async def test_lifecycle_watcher_reconnects_with_since_after_transport_drop():
    assert fake.stream_request_bodies[0]["channels"] == ["lifecycle", "input"]
    assert fake.stream_request_bodies[1]["channels"] == ["lifecycle", "input"]
    assert fake.stream_request_bodies[1]["since"] == 1
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_error_frame_becomes_the_run_error():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_event(seq=0, phase="running"), thread_stream_failed_frame()])
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "errored"
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_watcher_stops_on_a_404_without_retrying():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence([_StreamScript(events=[], status=404)])
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert isinstance(terminal.error, httpx.HTTPStatusError)
+    assert terminal.error.response.status_code == 404
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 1
+
+
+async def test_minted_thread_opens_the_lifecycle_stream_after_run_start():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)])
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            assert thread._lifecycle_watcher_task is None
+            await thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "completed"
+
+
+def _new_thread_scripts() -> list[_StreamScript]:
+    return [
+        _StreamScript(events=[], status=404),
+        _StreamScript(events=[lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)]),
+    ]
+
+
+async def test_run_start_restarts_a_watcher_stopped_by_a_404_for_a_new_thread():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            rejected = thread._run_done
+            assert rejected is not None
+            await asyncio.wait_for(rejected, timeout=2.0)
+            await thread.run.start(input={})
+            output = await thread.output.with_timeout(2.0)
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_watcher_retries_a_404_that_arrives_after_run_start():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    stream_opened = asyncio.Event()
+    run_started = asyncio.Event()
+
+    async def handle(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        if (
+            request.url.path.endswith("/stream/events")
+            and not fake.stream_request_bodies
+        ):
+            stream_opened.set()
+            await run_started.wait()
+        return await fake._handle_request(request)
+
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=httpx.MockTransport(handle), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(stream_opened.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+            await thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_started.set()
+            output = await thread.output.with_timeout(2.0)
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+async def test_lifecycle_watcher_reports_the_error_frame_when_reconnects_run_out():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        stream = threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent")
+        stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 1
+        fake.script_sequence(
+            [
+                _StreamScript(events=[thread_stream_failed_frame()], fail_after=1)
+                for _ in range(stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts + 1)
+            ]
+        )
+        async with stream as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = await asyncio.wait_for(run_done, timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 import asyncio
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator
 from typing import Any, cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock

 import httpx
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosedError
+from websockets.frames import Close

 from langgraph_sdk._async.http import HttpClient
 from langgraph_sdk._async.threads import ThreadsClient
@@ -348,3 +350,66 @@ async def test_send_command_applied_through_seq_seeds_shared_stream_since():
    ]
    assert len(values_requests) == 1
    assert values_requests[0]["since"] == 17
+
+
+async def _drain(events: AsyncIterator[Any]) -> list[Any]:
+    return [event async for event in events]
+
+
+async def test_shared_stream_stops_reconnecting_on_a_404():
+    fake = FakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(
+        [
+            _StreamScript(events=[values_event(seq=1)], fail_after=1),
+            _StreamScript(events=[], status=404),
+        ]
+    )
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+        transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            received = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                _drain(thread.subscribe(["values"])), timeout=5.0
+            )
+
+    assert [event["seq"] for event in received] == [1]
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+async def test_shared_stream_does_not_reconnect_after_a_4404_close(
+    monkeypatch: Any,
+) -> None:
+    opened: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    def open_then_close_with_4404(
+        _self: ProtocolSseTransport, params: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> EventStreamHandle:
+        opened.append(params)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        ready: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+        ready.set_result(None)
+        done: asyncio.Future[BaseException | None] = loop.create_future()
+        done.set_result(ConnectionClosedError(Close(4404, "not found"), None))
+
+        async def events() -> AsyncGenerator[Any, None]:
+            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+            yield values_event(seq=1)
+
+        async def close() -> None:
+            return None
+
+        return EventStreamHandle(events=events(), ready=ready, done=done, close=close)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        ProtocolSseTransport, "open_event_stream", open_then_close_with_4404
+    )
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = ThreadsClient(HttpClient(raw))
+        async with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            received = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                _drain(thread.subscribe(["values"])), timeout=5.0
+            )
+
+    assert [event["seq"] for event in received] == [1]
+    assert len(opened) == 1
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+from websockets.datastructures import Headers
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosedError, InvalidStatus
+from websockets.frames import Close
+from websockets.http11 import Response
+
+from langgraph_sdk.stream.errors import (
+    is_non_retryable_stream_error,
+    stream_error_frame,
+)
+
+
+def _http_error(status: int) -> httpx.HTTPStatusError:
+    request = httpx.Request("POST", "http://test/threads/t-1/stream/events")
+    response = httpx.Response(status, request=request)
+    return httpx.HTTPStatusError("scripted", request=request, response=response)
+
+
+def _ws_close(code: int) -> ConnectionClosedError:
+    return ConnectionClosedError(Close(code, "scripted"), None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("error", "expected"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(_http_error(403), True, id="http-403"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(404), True, id="http-404"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(408), False, id="http-408"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(429), False, id="http-429"),
+        pytest.param(_http_error(503), False, id="http-503"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4404), True, id="ws-close-4404"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4422), True, id="ws-close-4422"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4429), False, id="ws-close-4429"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(4503), False, id="ws-close-4503"),
+        pytest.param(_ws_close(1011), False, id="ws-close-1011"),
+        pytest.param(
+            InvalidStatus(Response(403, "Forbidden", Headers())),
+            True,
+            id="ws-upgrade-403",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(RuntimeError("network down"), False, id="no-status"),
+        pytest.param(None, False, id="none"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_non_retryable_stream_error(
+    error: BaseException | None, expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    assert is_non_retryable_stream_error(error) is expected
+
+
+def test_stream_error_frame_reads_only_unsolicited_error_frames() -> None:
+    frame = {
+        "type": "error",
+        "id": None,
+        "error": "unknown_error",
+        "message": "Thread event stream failed.",
+    }
+
+    assert (
+        str(stream_error_frame(frame))
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+    assert stream_error_frame({**frame, "id": 3}) is None
+    assert stream_error_frame({"type": "event", "method": "values"}) is None
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from streaming._events import (
    message_text_delta_event,
    message_text_finish_event,
    tasks_start_event,
+    thread_stream_failed_frame,
    tool_finished_event,
    tool_started_event,
    updates_event,
@@ -868,3 +869,196 @@ def test_interleave_projections_data_channel_scoped_to_root_namespace():
            ]
    assert {"scope": "root"} in checkpoints
    assert {"scope": "child"} not in checkpoints
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_clean_eof_fails_the_run_instead_of_blocking():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_started_event(seq=0)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "errored"
+    assert "ended before terminal" in str(terminal.error)
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_error_frame_becomes_the_run_error():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_event(seq=0, phase="running"), thread_stream_failed_frame()])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "errored"
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_watcher_stops_on_a_404_without_retrying():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence([SyncStreamScript(events=[], status=404)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert isinstance(terminal.error, httpx.HTTPStatusError)
+    assert terminal.error.response.status_code == 404
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 1
+
+
+def test_sync_minted_thread_opens_the_lifecycle_stream_after_run_start():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            assert thread._lifecycle_watcher_thread is None
+            thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert terminal.status == "completed"
+
+
+def _sync_new_thread_scripts() -> list[SyncStreamScript]:
+    return [
+        SyncStreamScript(events=[], status=404),
+        SyncStreamScript(events=[lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)]),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_sync_run_start_restarts_a_watcher_stopped_by_a_404_for_a_new_thread():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_sync_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            rejected = thread._run_done
+            assert rejected is not None
+            rejected.result(timeout=2.0)
+            thread.run.start(input={})
+            output = thread.output
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_watcher_retries_a_404_that_arrives_after_run_start():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script_sequence(_sync_new_thread_scripts())
+    fake.set_state({"ok": True})
+    stream_opened = threading.Event()
+    run_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def handle(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        if (
+            request.url.path.endswith("/stream/events")
+            and not fake.stream_request_bodies
+        ):
+            stream_opened.set()
+            run_started.wait(timeout=2.0)
+        return fake._handle(request)
+
+    with httpx.Client(
+        transport=httpx.MockTransport(handle), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(thread_id="t-new", assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            assert stream_opened.wait(timeout=2.0)
+            thread.run.start(input={})
+            run_started.set()
+            output = thread.output
+
+    assert output == {"ok": True}
+    assert len(fake.stream_request_bodies) == 2
+
+
+def test_sync_lifecycle_watcher_reports_the_error_frame_when_reconnects_run_out():
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        stream = threads.stream(thread_id="t-1", assistant_id="agent")
+        stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts = 1
+        fake.script_sequence(
+            [
+                SyncStreamScript(events=[thread_stream_failed_frame()], fail_after=1)
+                for _ in range(stream._lifecycle_max_reconnect_attempts + 1)
+            ]
+        )
+        with stream as thread:
+            run_done = thread._run_done
+            assert run_done is not None
+            terminal = run_done.result(timeout=2.0)
+
+    assert (
+        str(terminal.error)
+        == "Protocol error [unknown_error]: Thread event stream failed."
+    )
+
+
+def test_sync_concurrent_run_starts_start_one_lifecycle_watcher(monkeypatch):
+    real_thread = threading.Thread
+    created_watchers: list[str] = []
+
+    class _SlowToCreateThread(real_thread):
+        def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            if kwargs.get("name") == "langgraph-sdk-sync-lifecycle":
+                created_watchers.append(kwargs["name"])
+                time.sleep(0.05)
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(threading, "Thread", _SlowToCreateThread)
+    fake = SyncFakeServer()
+    fake.script([lifecycle_completed_event(seq=1)])
+    with httpx.Client(transport=fake.transport, base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        threads = SyncThreadsClient(SyncHttpClient(raw))
+        with threads.stream(assistant_id="agent") as thread:
+            barrier = threading.Barrier(2)
+
+            def start_run() -> None:
+                barrier.wait()
+                thread.run.start(input={})
+
+            runners = [real_thread(target=start_run) for _ in range(2)]
+            for runner in runners:
+                runner.start()
+            for runner in runners:
+                runner.join()
+
+    assert len(created_watchers) == 1
+
+
+def test_sync_reconnect_stops_on_a_404(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_ctrl_mod.time, "sleep", lambda _delay: None)
+    opened: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    class _NotFoundTransport(SyncProtocolSseTransport):
+        def open_event_stream(self, params: dict) -> SyncEventStreamHandle:
+            opened.append(params)
+            request = httpx.Request("POST", "http://test/threads/t-1/stream/events")
+            raise httpx.HTTPStatusError(
+                "not found",
+                request=request,
+                response=httpx.Response(404, request=request),
+            )
+
+    with httpx.Client(base_url="http://test") as raw:
+        transport = _NotFoundTransport(client=raw, thread_id="t-1")
+        controller = SyncStreamController(transport, max_reconnect_attempts=5)
+        controller._shared_stream_filter = {"channels": ["values"]}
+        assert controller._reconnect_shared_stream() is False
+
+    assert len(opened) == 1
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import dataclasses
+
+import pytest
+
+import langgraph_sdk
+from langgraph_sdk import Priority, PriorityContext, PrioritySettings
+from langgraph_sdk.encryption import DuplicateHandlerError, LangGraphBetaWarning
+from langgraph_sdk.priority import _warn_priority_beta
+
+
+class _User:
+    is_authenticated = True
+    display_name = "user-1"
+    identity = "user-1"
+    permissions: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return getattr(self, key)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return hasattr(self, key)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(("identity", "display_name", "is_authenticated", "permissions"))
+
+
+def _context(thread_id: str | None) -> PriorityContext:
+    return PriorityContext(
+        user=_User(),
+        permissions=[],
+        thread_id=thread_id,
+        thread_metadata={},
+        assistant_id="assistant-1",
+        graph_id="agent",
+        assistant_metadata={"tier": "gold"},
+        run_metadata={},
+        cron_id=None,
+    )
+
+
+async def _no_params() -> PrioritySettings | None:
+    return None
+
+
+async def _two_params(_ctx: PriorityContext, _extra: object) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+    return None
+
+
+def test_priority_and_its_types_are_exported():
+    assert {"Priority", "PriorityContext", "PrioritySettings"} <= set(
+        langgraph_sdk.__all__
+    )
+    assert Priority.types.PriorityContext is PriorityContext
+    assert Priority.types.PrioritySettings is PrioritySettings
+
+
+def test_construction_warns_that_priority_is_beta():
+    # The warning fires once per process, so an earlier test may have used it up.
+    _warn_priority_beta.cache_clear()
+    with pytest.warns(LangGraphBetaWarning, match="Priority API is in beta"):
+        Priority()
+
+
+def test_assign_registers_and_returns_the_function():
+    priority = Priority()
+
+    async def assign(_ctx: PriorityContext) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+        return {"priority": 3, "fairness_group": "org-42"}
+
+    assert priority.assign(assign) is assign
+    assert priority._assign_handler is assign
+
+
+def test_assign_rejects_a_sync_function():
+    priority = Priority()
+
+    def assign(_ctx: PriorityContext) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+        return None
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must be an async function"):
+        priority.assign(assign)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+    assert priority._assign_handler is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fn", [_no_params, _two_params])
+def test_assign_rejects_the_wrong_number_of_parameters(fn):
+    priority = Priority()
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must accept exactly 1 parameter"):
+        priority.assign(fn)
+    assert priority._assign_handler is None
+
+
+def test_assign_rejects_a_second_function():
+    priority = Priority()
+
+    @priority.assign
+    async def first(_ctx: PriorityContext) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+        return None
+
+    with pytest.raises(DuplicateHandlerError):
+
+        @priority.assign
+        async def second(_ctx: PriorityContext) -> PrioritySettings | None:
+            return None
+
+    assert priority._assign_handler is first
+
+
+def test_context_accepts_no_thread_id():
+    # `make lint` type-checks this call too, so `thread_id` must accept None there.
+    assert _context(thread_id=None).thread_id is None
+
+
+def test_context_is_frozen():
+    ctx = _context(thread_id="thread-1")
+
+    with pytest.raises(dataclasses.FrozenInstanceError):
+        ctx.thread_id = "thread-2"  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+
+
+def test_every_settings_key_is_optional():
+    assert PrioritySettings.__optional_keys__ == {
+        "priority",
+        "fairness_group",
+        "fairness_weight",
+    }
+    assert PrioritySettings.__required_keys__ == frozenset()
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2026.2.25"
+version = "2026.10.19"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/2d/7bf41579a8986e348fa033a31cdd0e4121114f6bce2457e8876010b092dd/certifi-2026.2.25.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e887ab5cee78ea814d3472169153c2d12cd43b14bd03329a39a9c6e2e80bfba7", size = 155029, upload-time = "2026-02-25T02:54:17.342Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/bd/1436c50cc46699de0230fbaacc1d1de7bfec413176099949e9d5112e88f2/certifi-2026.10.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:035c1e85572b141bf1c3a3eff0e33a8eb74917522f2559075ff8d2fea780a1ae", size = 137598, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:16.604Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/3c/c17fb3ca2d9c3acff52e30b309f538586f9f5b9c9cf454f3845fc9af4881/certifi-2026.2.25-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:027692e4402ad994f1c42e52a4997a9763c646b73e4096e4d5d6db8af1d6f0fa", size = 153684, upload-time = "2026-02-25T02:54:15.766Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/51/29046e48f693c54e5b7412216d447a1d8362c9653148d98c02cdf65fa733/certifi-2026.10.19-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42d35340cc5b9ba78e818ddbff0c5b1c2b779de448a340fd1b989f5fa8670e1b", size = 136464, upload-time = "2026-10-20T02:24:15.072Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph"
-version = "1.2.15"
+version = "1.2.16"
 source = { editable = "../langgraph" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ test = [

 [[package]]
 name = "langgraph-prebuilt"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { editable = "../prebuilt" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "langchain-core" },
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ dev = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ test = [
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint", editable = "../checkpoint" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-postgres", editable = "../checkpoint-postgres" },
    { name = "langgraph-checkpoint-sqlite", editable = "../checkpoint-sqlite" },
-    { name = "psycopg-binary" },
+    { name = "psycopg", extras = ["binary"] },
    { name = "pytest" },
    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
    { name = "pytest-mock" },
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ requires-dist = [
    { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.4.0,<2" },
    { name = "langchain-protocol", specifier = ">=0.0.15" },
    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.11.5" },
-    { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=14,<17" },
+    { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=14" },
 ]

 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1100" height="420" viewBox="0 0 1100 420"><rect width="1100" height="420" fill="white"/><text x="20" y="25" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="16">postgres / mock700 / 200 updates (n=3 frequencies)</text><path d="M 60 60 V 340 H 510" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="60" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Frequency vs independently normalized metrics</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,86.47 510.00,86.57" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">storage_bytes</text><polyline points="60.00,161.64 320.53,123.69 510.00,80.00" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="60.00,80.00 320.53,293.43 510.00,289.76" fill="none" stroke="#6a378b" stroke-width="2"/><text x="60" y="395" fill="#6a378b" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="60" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">frequency: 25 to 500; y: 0 to 1.00 normalized</text><path d="M 610 60 V 340 H 1060" fill="none" stroke="black"/><text x="610" y="50" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="12">Storage vs latency (Pareto tradeoff)</text><polyline points="1060.00,327.56 616.92,324.92 610.00,321.87" fill="none" stroke="#176baf" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="616.9150288807352" cy="324.91598843036314" r="5" fill="#176baf"/><text x="622.9150288807352" y="316.91598843036314" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="365" fill="#176baf" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_p50_ms</text><polyline points="1060.00,80.00 616.92,293.43 610.00,289.76" fill="none" stroke="#c14b14" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="616.9150288807352" cy="293.42895568807285" r="5" fill="#c14b14"/><text x="622.9150288807352" y="285.42895568807285" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">f=300</text><text x="610" y="380" fill="#c14b14" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="11">read_max_ms</text><text x="610" y="355" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10">storage_bytes: 1062349 to 1089876; y: 0 to 197.73 ms</text></svg>